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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_the_country_and_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_the_country_and_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Names of the country and jurisdiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_the_country_and_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-colonial period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_colonial_period_(to_1683)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_colonial_period_(to_1683)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Early colonial period (to 1683) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_colonial_period_(to_1683)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_rule_(1683–1895)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_rule_(1683–1895)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Qing rule (1683–1895) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_rule_(1683–1895)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_rule_(1895–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_rule_(1895–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Japanese rule (1895–1945) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_rule_(1895–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China_(1945–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China_(1945–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Republic of China (1945–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China_(1945–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Martial_law_era_(1949–1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martial_law_era_(1949–1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Martial law era (1949–1987) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martial_law_era_(1949–1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Transition to democracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Geology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Constitution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_camps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_camps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Major camps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_camps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 National identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_international_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations_and_international_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Foreign relations and international status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_international_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relations_with_the_PRC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_the_PRC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Relations with the PRC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_the_PRC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participation_in_international_events_and_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participation_in_international_events_and_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 Participation in international events and organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participation_in_international_events_and_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_cities_and_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities_and_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Largest cities and counties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities_and_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Ethnic groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Calendar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Words_in_native_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_in_native_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Words in native languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_in_native_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overviews_and_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overviews_and_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Overviews and data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overviews_and_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Government agencies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Taiwan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 241 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-241" aria-hidden="true" > 241 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тайван – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тайван" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Republiek China" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_China" title="Republik China – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Republik China" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93_%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ताईवान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ताईवान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تايوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تايوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_China" title="Republica de China – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica de China" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8publica_de_Ch%C2%B7ina" title="Rèpublica de Ch·ina – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rèpublica de Ch·ina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="টাইৱান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="টাইৱান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_China" title="República de China – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República de China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ताइवान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ताइवान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiu%C3%A3" title="Taiuã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Taiuã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tayvan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تایوان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تایوان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাইওয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাইওয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-ho%C3%A2_B%C3%AEn-kok" title="Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B_(%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)" title="Ҡытай Республикаһы (Тайвань) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай Республикаһы (Тайвань)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ताइवान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ताइवान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taewan" title="Taewan – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Taewan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Република Китай (Тайван) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Република Китай (Тайван)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Kina" title="Republik Kina – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Republik Kina" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐའེ་ཝན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐའེ་ཝན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajvan" title="Tajvan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tajvan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sina" title="Republik Sina – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_la_Xina" title="República de la Xina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_sa_Tsina" title="Republika sa Tsina – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Republika sa Tsina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchaj-wan" title="Tchaj-wan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tchaj-wan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طايوان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طايوان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_China_(Taiwan)" title="Republik China (Taiwan) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik China (Taiwan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A9_%DE%97%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A7" title="ޖުމްހޫރީ ޗައިނާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖުމްހޫރީ ޗައިނާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsii%CA%BCyishbizh%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah_Y%C3%A1zh%C3%AD" title="Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Chinska" title="Republika Chinska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Republika Chinska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ताइवान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ताइवान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="ཏའི་ཝཱན་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཏའི་ཝཱན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ταϊβάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταϊβάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Китайень Республикась – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Китайень Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_China" title="República de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajvano" title="Tajvano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tajvano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تایوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تایوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China" title="Republic of China – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Republic of China" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivan" title="Taivan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Taivan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwan" title="Taïwan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taïwan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_T%C3%A9av%C3%A1in" title="An Téaváin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Téaváin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitay_Respublikas%C4%B1_(Tayvan)" title="Kitay Respublikası (Tayvan) – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kitay Respublikası (Tayvan)" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd_na_S%C3%ACne" title="Poblachd na Sìne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd na Sìne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中華民國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ચીની ગણતંત્ર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીની ગણતંત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%CC%88%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍄𐌰𐌹̈𐍅𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐌰𐌹̈𐍅𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तैवान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तैवान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_M%C3%ACn-koet" title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-fà Mìn-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD" title="중화민국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화민국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiuana" title="Taiuana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Taiuana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թայվան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թայվան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चीनी गणराज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinska_republika" title="Chinska republika – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chinska republika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Kina" title="Republika Kina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Republika Kina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiko_Chinia" title="Republiko Chinia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Republiko Chinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তাইৱান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তাইৱান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%95%E1%90%83%E1%90%85%E1%90%8B%E1%93%90" title="ᑕᐃᐅᐋᓐ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑕᐃᐅᐋᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тайван – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тайван" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADvan" title="Taívan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Taívan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טאיוואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טאיוואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Cina" title="Républik Cina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay%C9%A9wan%C9%A9" title="Tayɩwanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tayɩwanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ತೈವಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತೈವಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_ning_Tsina" title="Republika ning Tsina – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Republika ning Tsina" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტაივანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაივანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تائیوان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تائیوان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajwan" title="Tajwan – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tajwan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қытай Республикасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayiwani" title="Tayiwani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Tayiwani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_China" title="Jamhuri ya China – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya China" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywann" title="Taywann – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Taywann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_de_Kina" title="Repuvlika de Kina – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika de Kina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_Sinarum" title="Res publica Sinarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica Sinarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnas_Republika" title="Ķīnas Republika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīnas Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_China_(Taiwan)" title="Republik China (Taiwan) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Republik China (Taiwan)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivanas" title="Taivanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Taivanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiuan" title="Taiuan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Taiuan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivan%27" title="Taivan' – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Taivan'" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Kínai Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%A8w%C3%A2n" title="Taèwân – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Taèwân" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ताइवान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ताइवान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Тајван (држава) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тајван (држава)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taio%C3%A0na" title="Taioàna – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taioàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="തായ്‌വാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തായ്‌വാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajwan" title="Tajwan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tajwan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwana" title="Taiwana – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Taiwana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तैवान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तैवान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ტაივანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტაივანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تايوان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تايوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%88%DB%88%D9%86" title="تاېوۈن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تاېوۈن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯥꯢꯋꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯥꯢꯋꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-hu%C3%A0_M%C3%ACng-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တရုတ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ताइवान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ताइवान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中華民国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華民国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_(Republiik)" title="Taiwan (Republiik) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Taiwan (Republiik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawaiin" title="Tawaiin – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Tawaiin" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Kina_(Taiwan)" title="Republikken Kina (Taiwan) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republikken Kina (Taiwan)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Kina" title="Republikken Kina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Republikken Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_China_(Taiwan)" title="Republica de China (Taiwan) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica de China (Taiwan)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ତାଇୱାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତାଇୱାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oshiwambo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_Respublikasi" title="Xitoy Respublikasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਾਈਵਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਈਵਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तैवान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तैवान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تائیوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تائیوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تایوان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تایوان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripoblik_a_Chaina" title="Ripoblik a Chaina – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ripoblik a Chaina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B" title="តៃវ៉ាន់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តៃវ៉ាន់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwan" title="Taïwan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Taïwan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripablik_bilong_Saina" title="Ripablik bilong Saina – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ripablik bilong Saina" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Republiek China" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Chi%C5%84ska" title="Republika Chińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika Chińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tayvan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tayvan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa_Ripuwlika" title="Chunwa Ripuwlika – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa Ripuwlika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тайван – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тайван" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)" title="Китайская Республика (Тайвань) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайская Республика (Тайвань)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Кытай Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina_Taipei" title="Saina Taipei – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Saina Taipei" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तैवान – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तैवान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱭᱣᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_(kintra)" title="Taiwan (kintra) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Taiwan (kintra)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywang" title="Taywang – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Taywang" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_China" title="Republik China – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Republik China" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajvani" title="Tajvani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tajvani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="තායිවානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තායිවානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تائيوان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تائيوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThayiwani" title="IThayiwani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThayiwani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajvan" title="Tajvan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tajvan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84sk%C5%8F_Republika" title="Chińskŏ Republika – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chińskŏ Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تایوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تایوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Република Кина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Република Кина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajvan" title="Tajvan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tajvan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Tiongkok" title="Républik Tiongkok – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Républik Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தைவான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தைவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Кытай Җөмһүрияте – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кытай Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ထၢႆႇဝၢၼ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ထၢႆႇဝၢၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywan" title="Taywan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Taywan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="తైవాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తైవాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศไต้หวัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศไต้หวัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95" title="ታይዋን – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ታይዋን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тайван – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тайван" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiuani" title="Taiuani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Taiuani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%94%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%82" title="ᏔᎢᏩᏂ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏔᎢᏩᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayvan" title="Tayvan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tayvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%BDwan" title="Taýwan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Taýwan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Тайвань – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Тайвань" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨈᨕᨗᨓᨕᨊ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨕᨗᨓᨕᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Республіка Китай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка Китай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تائیوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تائیوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%8A%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%86" title="تەيۋەن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تەيۋەن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghvaz_Minzgoz" title="Cunghvaz Minzgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghvaz Minzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_de_Cina" title="Repùblega de Cina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega de Cina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_Loan" title="Đài Loan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài Loan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayv%C3%A4n" title="Tayvän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tayvän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_Vabariik" title="Hiina Vabariik – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taywane" title="Taywane – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Taywane" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中華民國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_han_Tsina" title="Republika han Tsina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika han Tsina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaywaan" title="Taaywaan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Taaywaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中华民国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טייוואן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טייוואן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中華民國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_%C3%87ini" title="Cumhuriyetê Çini – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Çini" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivans" title="Taivans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Taivans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中華民國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%97%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%AD%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥗᥣᥭᥱ ᥝᥣᥢᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥗᥣᥭᥱ ᥝᥣᥢᥱ" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Taiwan&params=24_N_121_E_type:country_region:TW">24°N 121°E / 24°N 121°E / 24; 121</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page extended-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_China&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in East Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Republic of China" redirects here. For the People's Republic of China, see <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China (1912–1949)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Republic of China (disambiguation)">Republic of China (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Taiwan (disambiguation)">Taiwan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os 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.ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of China</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>中華民國 (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)<a href="#cite_note-word1-1">[I]</a></li><li>Zhōnghuá Mínguó (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>)</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Taiwan"><img alt="A red flag, with a small blue rectangle in the top left hand corner on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Taiwan"><img alt="A blue circular emblem on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/85px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/128px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/170px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_with_a_White_Sun" title="Blue Sky with a White Sun">Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem:  中華民國國歌 Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guógē "<a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="National Anthem of the Republic of China">National Anthem of the Republic of China</a>"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="81" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)_中華民國國歌(演奏版).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/National_anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div><div class="ib-country-anthem"><a href="/wiki/Flag_anthem" title="Flag anthem">Flag anthem</a>:  中華民國國旗歌 Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guóqígē "<a href="/wiki/National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China">National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China</a>"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China中華民國國旗歌_(演奏版).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga/National_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track 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srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Flag_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%AD%8C_%28%E6%BC%94%E5%A5%8F%E7%89%88%29.oga&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:ROC_Taiwan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ROC_Taiwan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-ROC_Taiwan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ROC_Taiwan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-ROC_Taiwan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/ROC_Taiwan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-ROC_Taiwan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a>Show map of <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">territories administered by the ROC (Taiwan Area)</a></div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_China_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a>Show map of Taiwan (dark green) with Mainland Area and historical ROC territorial claims (light green)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-capital-4">[2]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Taiwan&params=25_04_N_121_31_E_type:city_region:TW">25°04′N 121°31′E / 25.067°N 121.517°E / 25.067; 121.517</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_script" title="Official script">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">National languages</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[c]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a><a href="#cite_note-nat-lang-14">[d]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a><a href="#cite_note-nat-lang-14">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-var-hok-15">[e]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Hakka</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu</a><a href="#cite_note-nat-lang-14">[d]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian_dialect" title="Putian dialect">Wuqiu</a><a href="#cite_note-nat-lang-14">[d]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sign_Language" title="Taiwan Sign Language">Taiwan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2016)<a href="#cite_note-18">[12]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>95–97% <a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Han</a></li><li>2.3% <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">indigenous</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[f]</a></li><li>0.7–2.7% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Taiwan">other</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-Pew_religion_stats-20">[13]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>35.1% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Buddhism</a></li><li>33.0% <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li><li>26.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>3.9% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Taiwan" title="Christianity in Taiwan">Christianity</a></li><li>1.3% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">other</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese</a><a href="#cite_note-cia-factbook-21">[14]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">semi-presidential republic</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[16]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice President of the Republic of China">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hsiao_Bi-khim" title="Hsiao Bi-khim">Hsiao Bi-khim</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Executive Yuan President / Premier</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho Jung-tai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Yuan" title="President of the Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Kuo-yu" title="Han Kuo-yu">Han Kuo-yu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Acting <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Judicial_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Judicial Yuan">Judicial Yuan President / Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shieh_Ming-yan" title="Shieh Ming-yan">Shieh Ming-yan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[g]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">Establishment</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Proclamation of the Republic of China </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1912</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Taiwan (1945–present)">Taiwan under ROC rule</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 October 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Retreat of ROC to Taiwan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 December 1949</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">36,197 km2 (13,976 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-taiwansnapshot-25">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-cia-factbook-21">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Taiwan" title="Demographics of Taiwan">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 1 July 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 23,894,394<a href="#cite_note-26">[18]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">56th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2010 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">23,123,866<a href="#cite_note-27">[19]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">650/km2 (1,683.5/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">17th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1.685 trillion <a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TW-28">[20]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">20th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $72,485<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TW-28">[20]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">15th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $751.930 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TW-28">[20]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">21st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $32,339<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TW-28">[20]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 34.2<a href="#cite_note-29">[21]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.926<a href="#cite_note-HDI-1-30">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDI_2021-31">[22]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">19th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a> (NT$) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">TWD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+8 (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Taiwan" title="Time in Taiwan">National Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:TW" title="ISO 3166-2:TW">TW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.tw" title=".tw">.tw</a>, <a href="/wiki/.%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title=".台灣">.台灣</a>, <a href="/wiki/.%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title=".台湾">.台湾</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[23]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Taiwan,<a href="#cite_note-word2-33">[II]</a><a href="#cite_note-ROC_territory-37">[i]</a> officially the Republic of China (ROC),<a href="#cite_note-word1-1">[I]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[j]</a> is a country<a href="#cite_note-39">[27]</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Southeast_Asia-43">[m]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">island of Taiwan</a>, also known as Formosa, lies between the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Seas</a> in the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> to the northeast, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanization by country">highly urbanized</a> population is concentrated. The combined <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">territories under ROC control</a> consist of <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">168 islands</a><a href="#cite_note-Taiwan_Islands-54">[n]</a> in total covering 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 square miles).<a href="#cite_note-taiwansnapshot-25">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NDC2021-55">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">largest metropolitan area</a> is formed by <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (the capital), <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a>. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">most densely populated countries</a>. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a> settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> immigration began under a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch colony</a> and continued under the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a>, the first predominantly Han Chinese state in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">Taiwanese history</a>. The island was <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">annexed in 1683</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> of China and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">ceded</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> in 1895. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, which had <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">overthrown the Qing in 1912</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, took control following the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> in 1945. The immediate resumption of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> resulted in the loss of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese mainland">Chinese mainland</a> to <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communist forces</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">established the People's Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan">the flight of the ROC central government to Taiwan</a> in 1949. The effective jurisdiction of the ROC has since been limited to Taiwan, <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>, and smaller islands. The early 1960s saw rapid economic growth and industrialization called the "<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Miracle" title="Taiwan Miracle">Taiwan Miracle</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGold1985-56">[40]</a> In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-party democracy">multi-party democracy</a>, with democratically elected presidents beginning in <a href="/wiki/1996_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="1996 Taiwanese presidential election">1996</a>. Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Export-oriented economy">export-oriented economy</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">21st-largest</a> in the world by nominal GDP and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">20th-largest</a> by PPP measures, with a focus on steel, machinery, electronics, and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wb-57">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-qq-58">[42]</a> It is ranked highly in terms of <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Taiwan" title="Healthcare in Taiwan">healthcare</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[44]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_development_(economics)" title="Human development (economics)">human development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HDI-1-30">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDI_2021-31">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a> is contentious.<a href="#cite_note-65">[49]</a> Despite being a founding member, the ROC no longer represents China as a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> after UN members voted in 1971 to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">recognize the PRC</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-woo21-66">[50]</a> The ROC maintained its claim of being the sole <a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">legitimate representative of China</a> and its territory until 1991, when it ceased to <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Provisions_against_the_Communist_Rebellion" title="Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion">regard the Chinese Communist Party as a rebellious group</a> and acknowledged its control over mainland China.<a href="#cite_note-67">[51]</a> Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses to establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. Taiwan <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">maintains official diplomatic relations</a> with 11 out of 193 UN member states and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ap2024-68">[52]</a> Many others maintain unofficial diplomatic ties through <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office">representative offices</a> and institutions that function as <a href="/wiki/De_facto_embassy#Taiwan" title="De facto embassy">de facto embassies and consulates</a>. International organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate on a non-state basis. Domestically, the major political contention is between parties favoring eventual <a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a> and promoting a pan-Chinese identity, contrasted with those <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">aspiring to formal international recognition</a> and promoting a <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people#The_current_state_of_Taiwanese_identity" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese identity</a>; in the 21st century, both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal.<a href="#cite_note-69">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[54]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_for_the_island">Names for the island</h3></div> In his <a href="/wiki/Daoyi_Zhil%C3%BCe" title="Daoyi Zhilüe">Daoyi Zhilüe</a> (1349), <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dayuan" title="Wang Dayuan">Wang Dayuan</a> used "<a href="/wiki/Liuqiu_(medieval)" title="Liuqiu (medieval)">Liuqiu</a>" as a name for the island, or the part of it closest to <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964166-71">[55]</a> Elsewhere, the name was used for the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> in general or <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a> specifically; the name Ryūkyū is the Japanese form of Liúqiú. The name also appears in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sui" title="Book of Sui">Book of Sui</a> (636) and other early works, but scholars cannot agree on whether these references are to the Ryukyus, Taiwan or even <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964163-72">[56]</a> The name Formosa (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:福爾摩沙">福爾摩沙</a>) dates from 1542, when <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">sailors</a> noted it on their <a href="/wiki/Portolan_chart" title="Portolan chart">maps</a> as Ilha Formosa (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> for "beautiful island").<a href="#cite_note-yb:history-73">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[58]</a> The name Formosa eventually "replaced all others in European literature"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson190310-75">[59]</a> and remained in common use among English speakers into the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-76">[60]</a> In 1603, a Chinese expedition fleet anchored at a place in Taiwan called Dayuan, a variant of "Taiwan".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964178-77">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-chendi-78">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[63]</a> In the early 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> established a commercial post at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Taiwan)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)">Fort Zeelandia</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Anping_District" title="Anping District">Anping</a>) on a coastal sandbar called "Tayouan",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValentijn190352-80">[64]</a> after their <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> for a nearby <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese aboriginal</a> tribe, possibly <a href="/wiki/Taivoan_people" title="Taivoan people">Taivoan people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mair-81">[65]</a> This name was also adopted into the Chinese vernacular as the name of the sandbar and nearby area (Tainan). The modern word "Taiwan" is derived from this usage, which is written in different transliterations (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:大員">大員</a>，<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:大圓">大圓</a>，<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:大灣">大灣</a>，<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%93%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:臺員">臺員</a>，<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%9C%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:臺圓">臺圓</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%AA%A9%E7%81%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:臺窩灣">臺窩灣</a>) in Chinese historical records. The area occupied by modern-day Tainan was the first permanent settlement by both European colonists and Chinese immigrants. The settlement grew to be the island's most important trading center and served as its capital until 1887. Use of the current Chinese name (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:臺灣">臺灣</a> / <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:台灣">台灣</a>) became official as early as 1684 during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Prefecture" title="Taiwan Prefecture">Taiwan Prefecture</a> centered in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>. Through its rapid development the entire Taiwanese mainland eventually became known as "Taiwan".<a href="#cite_note-蔡玉仙等編-82">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-石守謙主編-83">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oosterhoff-85">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_of_the_country_and_jurisdiction">Names of the country and jurisdiction</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">Names of China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a></div> The official name of the country in English is the "Republic of China". Shortly after the ROC's establishment in 1912, while it was still located on the Chinese mainland, the government used the short form "China" (Zhōngguó, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:中國">中國</a>) to refer to itself, derived from zhōng ("central" or "middle") and guó ("state, nation-state").<a href="#cite_note-88">[o]</a> The term developed under the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> in reference to its <a href="/wiki/Demesne" title="Demesne">royal demesne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[p]</a> and was then applied to the area around Luoyi (present-day <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou" title="Eastern Zhou">Eastern Zhou</a> and later to China's <a href="/wiki/Central_Plain_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plain (China)">Central Plain</a>, before being used as an occasional synonym for the state during the Qing era.<a href="#cite_note-wilx-87">[71]</a> The name of the republic had stemmed from the party manifesto of the <a href="/wiki/Tongmenghui" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a> in 1905, which says the four goals of the Chinese revolution was "to expel the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> rulers, to revive <a href="/wiki/Names_of_China#Zhongguo" title="Names of China">Chunghwa</a>, to establish a Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people."<a href="#cite_note-91">[III]</a> Revolutionary leader <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> proposed the name Chunghwa Minkuo as the assumed name of the new country when the revolution succeeded. During the 1950s and 1960s, after the ROC government had withdrawn to Taiwan, it was commonly referred to as "Nationalist China" (or "<a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Free China</a>") to differentiate it from "communist China" (or "<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Red China</a>").<a href="#cite_note-92">[73]</a> Over subsequent decades, the Republic of China has become commonly known as "Taiwan", after the main island. To avoid confusion, the ROC government in Taiwan began to put "Taiwan" next to its official name in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-93">[74]</a> In ROC government publications, the name is written as "Republic of China (Taiwan)", "Republic of China/Taiwan", or sometimes "Taiwan (ROC)".<a href="#cite_note-94">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[77]</a> "Taiwan Area" was defined to mean the island of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other territory under ROC's effective control,<a href="#cite_note-97">[78]</a> in contrast to "Mainland Area" which refers to ROC territory outside the Taiwan Area and under Chinese Communist control.<a href="#cite_note-98">[79]</a> The Republic of China participates in most international forums and organizations under the name "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>" as a compromise with the People's Republic of China (PRC). For instance, it is the name under which it has participated in the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[80]</a> "Taiwan authorities" is sometimes used by the PRC to refer to the government in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-PRCNorway-100">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">History of Taiwan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Taiwanese_history" title="Timeline of Taiwanese history">Timeline of Taiwanese history</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg/170px-%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg/255px-%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg/340px-%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%8D%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%8E%89%E7%8E%A6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption>2,300-year-old jade, unearthed at <a href="/wiki/Beinan_Cultural_Park" title="Beinan Cultural Park">Beinan Cultural Park</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_period">Pre-colonial period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Prehistory of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a></div> Taiwan was joined to the Asian mainland in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" title="Late Pleistocene">Late Pleistocene</a>, until sea levels rose about 10,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-GillespieGillespie20092-101">[82]</a> Human remains and <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> artifacts dated 20,000 to 30,000 years ago have been found.<a href="#cite_note-PrasetyoNastiti20212-102">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-palaeolithic2-103">[84]</a> Study of the human remains suggested they were <a href="/wiki/Australo-Papuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Australo-Papuan">Australo-Papuan</a> people similar to <a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito populations</a> in the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-104">[85]</a> Paleolithic Taiwanese likely settled the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> 30,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-105">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">Slash-and-burn</a> agriculture practices started at least 11,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-106">[87]</a> Stone tools of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Changbin_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changbin culture (page does not exist)">Changbin culture</a> have been found in <a href="/wiki/Taitung_County" title="Taitung County">Taitung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eluanbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eluanbi">Eluanbi</a>. Archaeological remains suggest they were initially hunter-gatherers that slowly shifted to intensive fishing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJiao200789–90-107">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[89]</a> The distinct <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangxing_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangxing culture (page does not exist)">Wangxing culture</a>, found in <a href="/wiki/Miaoli_County" title="Miaoli County">Miaoli County</a>, were initially gatherers who shifted to hunting.<a href="#cite_note-109">[90]</a> Around 6,000 years ago, Taiwan was settled by farmers of the <a href="/wiki/Dapenkeng_culture" title="Dapenkeng culture">Dapenkeng culture</a>, most likely from what is now southeast China.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJiao200791–94-110">[91]</a> These cultures are the ancestors of modern <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese Indigenous peoples</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_homeland" title="Linguistic homeland">originators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language family">Austronesian language family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ref122-111">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[93]</a> Trade with the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> persisted from the early 2nd millennium BCE, including the use of Taiwanese <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Philippine jade culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[95]</a> The Dapenkeng culture was succeeded by a variety of cultures throughout the island, including the <a href="/wiki/Tahu_culture" title="Tahu culture">Tahu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yingpu_culture" title="Yingpu culture">Yingpu</a>; the Yuanshan were characterized by rice harvesting. Iron appeared in such cultures as the <a href="/wiki/Niaosung_culture" title="Niaosung culture">Niaosung culture</a>, influenced by trade with China and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJiao200794–103-115">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi201926–27-116">[97]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indigenous_peoples" title="Plains Indigenous peoples">Plains Indigenous peoples</a> mainly lived in permanent walled villages, with a lifestyle based on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-InstEthno-117">[98]</a> They had traditionally <a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchal society">matriarchal societies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-InstEthno-117">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_colonial_period_(to_1683)">Early colonial period (to 1683)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Early_Chinese_contact_with_Taiwan" title="Early Chinese contact with Taiwan">Early Chinese contact with Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch Formosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Middag" title="Kingdom of Middag">Kingdom of Middag</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu Islands</a> were inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> fishermen by 1171, and in 1225 Penghu was attached to <a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171-118">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsu19806-119">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200686-120">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-官網歷史沿革-121">[102]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> officially incorporated Penghu under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> County in 1281.<a href="#cite_note-官網歷史沿革-121">[102]</a> Penghu was evacuated in the 15th century by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> as part of their <a href="/wiki/Haijin" title="Haijin">maritime ban</a>, which lasted until the late 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200688-122">[103]</a> In 1349, <a href="/wiki/Wang_Dayuan" title="Wang Dayuan">Wang Dayuan</a> provided the first written account of a visit to Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986-123">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-shep-124">[105]</a> By the 1590s, a small number of Chinese from <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> had started cultivating land in southwestern Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsu198010-125">[106]</a> Some 1,500-2,000 Chinese lived or stayed temporarily on the southern coast of Taiwan, mostly for seasonal fishing but also subsistence farming and trading, by the early 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6_Note_5-126">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-shep-124">[105]</a> In 1603, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Di" title="Chen Di">Chen Di</a> visited Taiwan on an anti-<a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">wokou</a> expedition and recorded an account of the Taiwanese Indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-chendi-78">[62]</a> In 1591, Japan sent envoys to deliver a letter requesting tribute relations with Taiwan. They found no leader to deliver the letter to and returned home. In 1609, a Japanese expedition was sent to survey Taiwan. After being attacked by the Indigenous people, they took some prisoners and returned home. In 1616, a Japanese fleet of 13 ships were sent to Taiwan. Due to a storm, only one ship made it there and is presumed to have returned to Japan.<a href="#cite_note-127">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi201950-128">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a European style fortification with stone walls and a white pointed tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg/220px-Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg/330px-Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg/440px-Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Zeelandia-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5193" data-file-height="3462" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Taiwan)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)">Fort Zeelandia</a>, built in 1634, was the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Formosa" title="Governor of Formosa">governor</a>'s residence in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch Formosa</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1624, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (VOC) established <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Taiwan)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)">Fort Zeelandia</a> on the coastal islet of Tayouan (in modern <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200689-129">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oosterhoff-85">[69]</a> The lowland areas were occupied by 11 Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdoms</a>, some of which fell under Dutch control, including the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Middag" title="Kingdom of Middag">Kingdom of Middag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oosterhoff-85">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[111]</a> When the Dutch arrived, southwestern Taiwan was already frequented by a mostly transient Chinese population numbering close to 1,500.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6_Note_5-126">[107]</a> The VOC encouraged Chinese farmers to immigrate and work the lands under Dutch control and by the 1660s, some 30,000 to 50,000 Chinese were living on the island.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6-131">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200698-132">[113]</a> Most of the farmers cultivated rice for local consumption and sugar for export while some immigrants engaged in deer hunting for export.<a href="#cite_note-133">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[116]</a> In 1626, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> occupied northern Taiwan as a trading base, first at <a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a> and in 1628 building <a href="/wiki/Fort_Santo_Domingo" title="Fort Santo Domingo">Fort Santo Domingo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tamsui" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamsui">Tamsui</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[118]</a> This colony lasted until 1642, when the last Spanish fortress fell to Dutch forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200691-138">[119]</a> The Dutch then marched south, subduing hundreds of villages in the western plains.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200691-138">[119]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of an elaborate Chinese temple with hedges in front." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg/220px-Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg/330px-Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg/440px-Tainan_Taiwan_Confucius-Temple-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5634" data-file-height="3756" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tainan_Confucian_Temple" title="Tainan Confucian Temple">Tainan Confucian Temple</a> built in 1665 during the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a> period</figcaption></figure> Following the fall of the Ming dynasty in Beijing in 1644, <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a> (Zheng Chenggong) pledged allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Yongli_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Yongli Emperor">Yongli Emperor</a> and attacked the Qing dynasty along the southeastern coast of China.<a href="#cite_note-LuWangNMHTW-139">[120]</a> In 1661, under increasing Qing pressure, he moved his forces from his base in <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a> to Taiwan, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Zeelandia" title="Siege of Fort Zeelandia">expelling the Dutch</a> the following year. The Dutch retook the northern fortress at Keelung in 1664, but left the island in 1668 in the face of indigenous resistance.<a href="#cite_note-140">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[122]</a> The Zheng regime, known as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a>, proclaimed its loyalty to the overthrown Ming, but ruled independently.<a href="#cite_note-TWG2020-142">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Preface_Note_1-143">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200694–95-144">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[126]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Jing" title="Zheng Jing">Zheng Jing</a>'s return to China to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Three_Feudatories" title="Revolt of the Three Feudatories">Revolt of the Three Feudatories</a> paved the way for the Qing invasion and occupation of Taiwan in 1683.<a href="#cite_note-146">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_rule_(1683–1895)">Qing rule (1683–1895)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">Taiwan under Qing rule</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg/220px-Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg/330px-Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg/440px-Tainan_Taiwan_Fort-Provintia-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5032" data-file-height="3355" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Provintia" title="Fort Provintia">Chihkan Tower</a>, originally built as Fort Provintia by the Dutch, was rebuilt under Qing rule.</figcaption></figure> Following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a>'s grandson by an armada led by Admiral <a href="/wiki/Shi_Lang" title="Shi Lang">Shi Lang</a> in 1683, the Qing dynasty formally annexed Taiwan in May 1684, making it a <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan prefecture">prefecture</a> of Fujian province while retaining its administrative seat (now Tainan) under Koxinga as the capital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195215-148">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2017189-190-149">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2002146-150">[131]</a> The Qing government generally tried to restrict migration to Taiwan throughout the duration of its administration because it believed that Taiwan could not sustain too large a population without leading to conflict. After the defeat of the Kingdom of Tungning, most of its population in Taiwan was sent back to the mainland, leaving the official population count at only 50,000, including 10,000 troops. Despite official restrictions, officials in Taiwan solicited settlers from the mainland, causing tens of thousands of annual arrivals by 1711. A permit system was officially recorded in 1712, but it likely existed as early as 1684; its restrictions included only allowing those to enter who had property on the mainland, family in Taiwan, and who were not accompanied by wives or children. Many of the male migrants married local Indigenous women. Over the 18th century, restrictions were relaxed. In 1732, families were allowed to move to Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2017193–194-151">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201951-152">[133]</a> By 1811, there were more than two million Han settlers in Taiwan, and profitable sugar and rice production industries provided exports to the mainland.<a href="#cite_note-153">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903561-154">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195216-155">[136]</a> In 1875, restrictions on entering Taiwan were repealed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2017194-156">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png/220px-Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png/330px-Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png/440px-Taiwanese_aboriginese_deerhunt1.png 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a> hunting deer, 1746</figcaption></figure> Three counties nominally covered the entire western plains, but actual control was restricted to a smaller area. A government permit was required for settlers to go beyond the <a href="/wiki/Dajia_River" title="Dajia River">Dajia River</a>. Qing administration expanded across the western plains area over the 18th century due to continued illegal crossings and settlement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201947-49-157">[138]</a> The Taiwanese Indigenous peoples were categorized by the Qing administration into acculturated aborigines who had adopted Han culture and non-acculturated aborigines who had not. The Qing did little to administer or subjugate them. When Taiwan was annexed, there were 46 aboriginal villages under its control, likely inherited from the Kingdom of Tungning. During the early <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong</a> period there were 93 acculturated villages and 61 non-acculturated villages that paid taxes. In response to the <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Yigui" title="Zhu Yigui">Zhu Yigui</a> settler rebellion in 1722, separation of aboriginals and settlers became official policy via 54 stelae used to mark the frontier boundary. The markings were changed four times over the latter half of the 18th century due to continued settler encroachment. Two aboriginal affairs sub-prefects, one for the north and one for the south, were appointed in 1766.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201950-55-158">[139]</a> During the 200 years of Qing rule in Taiwan, the <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indigenous_peoples" title="Plains Indigenous peoples">Plains Indigenous peoples</a> rarely rebelled against the government and the mountain Indigenous peoples were left to their own devices until the last 20 years of Qing rule. Most of the more than 100 rebellions during the Qing period, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lin_Shuangwen_rebellion" title="Lin Shuangwen rebellion">Lin Shuangwen rebellion</a>, were caused by Han settlers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe2019106-159">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Wees_2020-160">[141]</a> Their frequency was evoked by the common saying "every three years an uprising, every five years a rebellion" (三年一反、五年一亂), primarily in reference to the period between 1820 and 1850.<a href="#cite_note-161">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-RebellionTWCulture-163">[144]</a> Many officials stationed in Taiwan called for an active colonization policy over the 19th century. In 1788, Taiwan Prefect Yang Tingli supported the efforts of a settler named Wu Sha to claim land held by the <a href="/wiki/Kavalan_people" title="Kavalan people">Kavalan people</a>. In 1797, Wu Sha was able to recruit settlers with financial support from the local government but was unable to officially register the land. In the early 1800s, local officials convinced the emperor to officially incorporate the area by playing up the issue of piracy if the land was left alone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201956-57-164">[145]</a> In 1814, some settlers attempted to colonize central Taiwan by fabricating rights to lease aboriginal land. They were evicted by government troops two years later. Local officials continued to advocate for the colonization of the area but were ignored.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201958-61-165">[146]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TW_%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3_Taiwan_TPE_%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82_Taipei_City_%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%80_Zhongzheng_District_%E5%BF%A0%E5%AD%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%B7%AF_Zhongxiao_West_Road_%E6%89%BF%E6%81%A9%E9%96%80_%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%97%E9%96%80_morning_August_2019_IX2_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/TW_%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3_Taiwan_TPE_%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82_Taipei_City_%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%80_Zhongzheng_District_%E5%BF%A0%E5%AD%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%B7%AF_Zhongxiao_West_Road_%E6%89%BF%E6%81%A9%E9%96%80_%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%97%E9%96%80_morning_August_2019_IX2_06.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/TW_%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3_Taiwan_TPE_%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82_Taipei_City_%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%80_Zhongzheng_District_%E5%BF%A0%E5%AD%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%B7%AF_Zhongxiao_West_Road_%E6%89%BF%E6%81%A9%E9%96%80_%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%97%E9%96%80_morning_August_2019_IX2_06.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/TW_%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3_Taiwan_TPE_%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82_Taipei_City_%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%80_Zhongzheng_District_%E5%BF%A0%E5%AD%9D%E8%A5%BF%E8%B7%AF_Zhongxiao_West_Road_%E6%89%BF%E6%81%A9%E9%96%80_%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%97%E9%96%80_morning_August_2019_IX2_06.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taipei_North_Gate" title="Taipei North Gate">Taipei North Gate</a>, constructed in 1884, was part of the <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Taipei" title="Walls of Taipei">Walls of Taipei</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Qing took on a more active colonization policy after 1874 when Japan <a href="/wiki/Mudan_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudan Incident">invaded Indigenous territory</a> in southern Taiwan and the Qing government was forced to pay an indemnity for them to leave.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201961–62-166">[147]</a> The administration of Taiwan was expanded with new prefectures, sub-prefectures, and counties. Mountain roads were constructed to make inner Taiwan more accessible. Restrictions on entering Taiwan were ended in 1875 and agencies for recruiting settlers were established on the mainland, but efforts to promote settlement ended soon after.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201963–64-167">[148]</a> In 1884, <a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a> in northern Taiwan was occupied during the <a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a> but the French forces failed to advance any further inland while their victory at Penghu in 1885 resulted in disease and retreat soon afterward as the war ended. Colonization efforts were renewed under <a href="/wiki/Liu_Mingchuan" title="Liu Mingchuan">Liu Mingchuan</a>. In 1887, Taiwan's status was upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">province</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> became the permanent capital in 1893. Liu's efforts to increase revenues on Taiwan's produce were hampered by foreign pressure not to increase levies. A land reform was implemented, increasing revenue which still fell short of expectation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201964–65-168">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2007161–162-169">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999187–190-170">[151]</a> Modern technologies such as electric lighting, a railway, telegraph lines, steamship service, and industrial machinery were introduced under Liu's governance, but several of these projects had mixed results. A campaign to formally subjugate the Indigenous peoples ended with the loss of a third of the army after fierce resistance from the Mkgogan and Msbtunux peoples. Liu resigned in 1891 due to criticism of these costly projects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999191-171">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201965-172">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195215-148">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903247,_620-173">[154]</a> By the end of the Qing period, the western plains were fully developed as farmland with about 2.5 million Chinese settlers. The mountainous areas were still largely autonomous under the control of Indigenous peoples. Indigenous land loss under the Qing occurred at a relatively slow pace due to the absence of state-sponsored land deprivation for the majority of Qing rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe20191,_10,_174-174">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999177-175">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_rule_(1895–1945)">Japanese rule (1895–1945)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan under Japanese rule</a></div> Following the Qing defeat in the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a> (1894–1895), Taiwan, its associated islands, and the Penghu archipelago were ceded to <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShimonosekiROC-176">[157]</a> Inhabitants wishing to remain Qing subjects had to move to mainland China within a two-year grace period, which few saw as feasible.<a href="#cite_note-177">[158]</a> Estimates say around 4,000 to 6,000 departed before the expiration of the grace period, and 200,000 to 300,000 followed during the subsequent disorder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWang200695-178">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903561-154">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999208-179">[160]</a> On 25 May 1895, a group of pro-Qing high officials proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Formosa" title="Republic of Formosa">Republic of Formosa</a> to resist impending Japanese rule. Japanese forces entered the capital at Tainan and quelled this resistance on 21 October 1895.<a href="#cite_note-180">[161]</a> About 6,000 inhabitants died in the initial fighting and some 14,000 died in the first year of Japanese rule. Another 12,000 "bandit-rebels" were killed from 1898 to 1902.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999207-181">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChang200356-182">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-msu-183">[164]</a> Subsequent rebellions against the Japanese (the <a href="/wiki/Beipu_uprising" title="Beipu uprising">Beipu uprising</a> of 1907, the <a href="/wiki/Tapani_incident" title="Tapani incident">Tapani incident</a> of 1915, and the <a href="/wiki/Wushe_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Wushe incident">Musha incident</a> of 1930) were unsuccessful but demonstrated opposition to Japanese rule. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg/220px-Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg/330px-Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg/440px-Taiwan_Seito_Wanli_Factory_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1165" /></a><figcaption>A sugarcane mill and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sugar_Railways" title="Taiwan Sugar Railways">its railways</a> in Tainan in the 1930s</figcaption></figure> The colonial period was instrumental to the industrialization of the island, with its expansion of railways and other transport networks, the building of an extensive sanitation system, the establishment of a formal <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">education system</a>, and an end to the practice of <a href="/wiki/Headhunting" title="Headhunting">headhunting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[166]</a> The resources of Taiwan were used to aid the development of Japan. The production of <a href="/wiki/Cash_crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash crops">cash crops</a> such as sugar greatly increased, and large areas were therefore diverted from the production of rice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195239-186">[167]</a> By 1939, Taiwan was the seventh-greatest sugar producer in the world.<a href="#cite_note-187">[168]</a> The Han and Indigenous populations were classified as second- and third-class citizens, and many prestigious government and business positions were closed to them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195248-188">[169]</a> After suppressing Han guerrillas in the first decade of their rule, Japanese authorities engaged in bloody campaigns against the Indigenous people residing in mountainous regions, culminating in the Musha Incident of 1930.<a href="#cite_note-189">[170]</a> Intellectuals and laborers who participated in left-wing movements were also arrested and massacred (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Wei-shui" title="Chiang Wei-shui">Chiang Wei-shui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masanosuke_Watanabe" title="Masanosuke Watanabe">Masanosuke Watanabe</a>).<a href="#cite_note-190">[171]</a> Around 1935, the Japanese began an island-wide <a href="/wiki/Japanization" title="Japanization">assimilation project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-taiwanpedia-191">[172]</a> Chinese-language newspapers and curriculums were abolished. Taiwanese music and theater were outlawed. A national <a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">Shinto</a> religion was promoted in parallel with the suppression of traditional Taiwanese beliefs. Starting from 1940, families were also required to adopt <a href="/wiki/Japanese_surname" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese surname">Japanese surnames</a>, although only 2% had done so by 1943.<a href="#cite_note-taiwanpedia-191">[172]</a> By 1938, 309,000 Japanese were residing in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-192">[173]</a> During the Second World War, the island was developed into a naval and air base while its agriculture, industry, and commerce suffered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine1952110-193">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195247-194">[175]</a> Air attacks and the subsequent invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> were launched from Taiwan. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> operated heavily from Taiwanese ports, and its think tank "<a href="/wiki/Nanshin-ron#Theoretical_development" title="Nanshin-ron">South Strike Group</a>" was based at <a href="/wiki/Taihoku_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Taihoku Imperial University">Taihoku Imperial University</a>. Military bases and industrial centers, such as <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a>, became targets of heavy <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Allied bombings</a>, which destroyed many of the factories, dams, and transport facilities built by the Japanese.<a href="#cite_note-195">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195247-194">[175]</a> In October 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Formosa_Air_Battle" title="Formosa Air Battle">Formosa Air Battle</a> was fought between American carriers and Japanese forces in Taiwan. Over 200,000 of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese served in the Japanese military</a>, with over 30,000 casualties.<a href="#cite_note-196">[177]</a> Over 2,000 women, euphemistically called "<a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a>", were forced into sexual slavery for Imperial Japanese troops.<a href="#cite_note-197">[178]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Japan%27s_surrender" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan's surrender">Japan's surrender</a>, most Japanese residents were <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_evacuation_and_expulsion" title="World War II evacuation and expulsion">expelled</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China_(1945–present)">Republic of China (1945–present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China (1912–1949)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Taiwan (1945–present)">History of Taiwan (1945–present)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="History of the Republic of China">History of the Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi,_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi%2C_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg/220px-General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi%2C_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi%2C_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg/330px-General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi%2C_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi%2C_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg/440px-General_Chen_Yi_of_China_accepts_the_surrender_of_And%C5%8D_Rikichi%2C_the_Japanese_Governor-General_of.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a> (right) accepting the receipt of <a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._1" title="General Order No. 1">General Order No. 1</a> from <a href="/wiki/Rikichi_And%C5%8D" title="Rikichi Andō">Rikichi Andō</a> (left), the last Japanese governor-general of Taiwan, in <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Hall" title="Zhongshan Hall">Taipei City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> While Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> was founded on <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> on 1 January 1912 following the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a> of 1911.<a href="#cite_note-cuhk-199">[180]</a> Central authority waxed and waned in response to <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">warlordism</a> (1915–28), <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion</a> (1937–45), and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> (1927–49), with central authority strongest during the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_decade" title="Nanjing decade">Nanjing decade</a> (1927–37), when most of China came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT).<a href="#cite_note-200">[181]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the 1943 <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> specified that Formosa and the Pescadores be returned by Japan to the ROC;<a href="#cite_note-Cairo1943-201">[182]</a>&nbsp;..._Cairo_Declaration_provided_that_Manchuria,_Formosa,_and_the_Pescadores,_shall_be_restored_to_the_Republic_of_China"_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine1952162:_"United_States_Government_replied_on_this_point_as_follows:<span_class="nowrap">&nbsp;..._Cairo_Declaration_provided_that_Manchuria,_Formosa,_and_the_Pescadores,_shall_be_restored_to_the_Republic_of_China"-202">[183]</a> the terms were later repeated in the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a><a href="#cite_note-Potsdam1945-203">[184]</a> that Japan agreed to carry out in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">its instrument of surrender</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JapanSurrender-204">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195258-205">[186]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_Day" title="Retrocession Day">25 October 1945</a>, Japan surrendered Taiwan to the ROC, and in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a>, Japan formally renounced their claims to the islands, though without specifying to whom they were surrendered.<a href="#cite_note-206">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-SanFrancisco1951-208">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[q]</a> In the same year, Japan and the ROC signed <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Taipei" title="Treaty of Taipei">a peace treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Taipei1952-211">[191]</a> While initially enthusiastic about the return of Chinese administration and the <a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a>, Formosans grew increasingly dissatisfied about being excluded from higher positions, the postponement of local elections even after the enactment of a <a href="/wiki/ROC_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="ROC Constitution">constitution</a> on the mainland, the smuggling of valuables off the island, the expropriation of businesses into government-operated monopolies, and the <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflation</a> of 1945–1949.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakinenWoodward1989-212">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195259-214">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States1949923-925-215">[195]</a> The shooting of a civilian on 28 February 1947 triggered island-wide unrest, which was suppressed with military force in what is now called the <a href="/wiki/February_28_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 28 Incident">February 28 Incident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[197]</a> Mainstream estimates of the number killed range from 18,000 to 30,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195263-218">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States1949932-219">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[200]</a> Chen was later replaced by <a href="/wiki/Wei_Tao-ming" title="Wei Tao-ming">Wei Tao-ming</a>, who made an effort to undo previous mismanagement by re-appointing a good proportion of islanders and re-privatizing businesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195264-65-221">[201]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg/220px-ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg/330px-ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg/440px-ROC_Retreat_to_Taiwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>The Nationalists' retreat to Taipei</figcaption></figure> After the end of World War II, the Chinese Civil War resumed. A series of Chinese Communist offensives in 1949 led to the capture of its capital <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> on 23 April and the subsequent defeat of the Nationalists on the mainland. The Communists <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">founded the People's Republic of China</a> on 1 October.<a href="#cite_note-222">[202]</a> On 7 December 1949, <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-Shek" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Kai-Shek">Chiang Kai-Shek</a> <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan">evacuated his Nationalist government to Taiwan</a> and made Taipei the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital" title="Temporary capital">temporary capital</a> of the ROC.<a href="#cite_note-wartime-capital-223">[203]</a> Some 2 million people, mainly soldiers, members of the ruling Kuomintang and intellectual and business elites, were evacuated to Taiwan, adding to the earlier population of approximately six million. These people and their descendants became known in Taiwan as "<a href="/wiki/Waisheng_ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Waisheng ren">waisheng ren</a>" (外省人). The ROC government took to Taipei many national treasures and much of China's <a href="/wiki/Gold_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold reserves">gold</a> and foreign currency reserves.<a href="#cite_note-bbctimeline-retreat-224">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[206]</a> Most of the gold was used to pay soldiers' salaries,<a href="#cite_note-227">[207]</a> with some used to issue the <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a>, part of a price stabilization program to slow inflation in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-228">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[209]</a> After losing control of mainland China in 1949, the ROC retained control of Taiwan and Penghu (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan, ROC</a>), parts of Fujian (<a href="/wiki/Fujian_Province,_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Province, Republic of China">Fujian, ROC</a>)—specifically Kinmen, <a href="/wiki/Wuqiu,_Kinmen" title="Wuqiu, Kinmen">Wuqiu</a> (now part of Kinmen) and the Matsu Islands and two major <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islands" title="South China Sea Islands">islands in the South China Sea</a>. The ROC also briefly retained control of the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chekiang_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Chekiang Province, Republic of China">Chekiang</a>)—specifically the <a href="/wiki/Dachen_Islands" title="Dachen Islands">Dachen Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yijiangshan_Islands" title="Yijiangshan Islands">Yijiangshan Islands</a>—and portions of <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Xinjiang Province, Republic of China">Xinjiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. The Communists <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hainan_Island" title="Battle of Hainan Island">captured Hainan</a> in 1950, captured the Dachen Islands and Yijiangshan Islands during the <a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> in 1955 and defeated the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_Islamic_insurgency" title="Kuomintang Islamic insurgency">ROC revolts in Northwest China</a> in 1958. ROC forces entered Burma and Thailand in the 1950s and <a href="/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361_campaign_at_the_China%E2%80%93Burma_border" class="mw-redirect" title="1960–61 campaign at the China–Burma border">were defeated by Communists in 1961</a>. Since losing control of mainland China, the Kuomintang continued to claim sovereignty over 'all of China', which it defined to include mainland China (including Tibet), Taiwan (including Penghu), <a href="/wiki/Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">other minor territories</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Martial_law_era_(1949–1987)">Martial law era (1949–1987)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">Martial law in Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Miracle" title="Taiwan Miracle">Taiwan Miracle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Chinese man in military uniform, smiling and looking towards the left. He holds a sword in his left hand and has a medal in shape of a sun on his chest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg/170px-Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg/255px-Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg/340px-Chiang_Kai-shek_in_full_uniform.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> from 1925 until his death in 1975</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a>, declared on Taiwan in May 1949,<a href="#cite_note-martial-230">[210]</a> continued to be in effect until 1987,<a href="#cite_note-martial-230">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[211]</a> and was used to suppress political opposition. During the <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a>, as the period is known, 140,000 people were imprisoned or executed for being perceived as anti-KMT or pro-Communist.<a href="#cite_note-232">[212]</a> Many citizens were arrested, tortured, imprisoned or executed for their real or perceived link to the Chinese Communist Party. Since these people were mainly from the intellectual and social elite, an entire generation of political and social leaders was destroyed. Following the eruption of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, US President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> dispatched the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet" title="United States Seventh Fleet">United States Seventh Fleet</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a> to prevent hostilities between the ROC and the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-1950-US-DoD-233">[213]</a> The United States also passed the <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Formosa_Resolution_of_1955" title="Formosa Resolution of 1955">Formosa Resolution of 1955</a>, granting substantial <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_aid" title="United States foreign aid">foreign aid</a> to the KMT regime between 1951 and 1965.<a href="#cite_note-234">[214]</a> The US foreign aid stabilized prices in Taiwan by 1952.<a href="#cite_note-235">[215]</a> The KMT government instituted many laws and <a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Taiwan" title="Land reform in Taiwan">land reforms</a> that it had never effectively enacted on mainland China.<a href="#cite_note-236">[216]</a> Economic development was encouraged by American aid and programs such as the <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_Joint_Commission_on_Rural_Reconstruction" title="Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction">Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction</a>, which turned the agricultural sector into the basis for later growth. Under the combined stimulus of the land reform and the agricultural development programs, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 4 percent from 1952 to 1959.<a href="#cite_note-237">[217]</a> The government also implemented a policy of <a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">import substitution industrialization</a>, attempting to produce imported goods domestically.<a href="#cite_note-238">[218]</a> The policy promoted the development of textile, food, and other labor-intensive industries.<a href="#cite_note-239">[219]</a> As the Chinese Civil War continued, the government built up military fortifications throughout Taiwan. Veterans built the <a href="/wiki/Central_Cross-Island_Highway" title="Central Cross-Island Highway">Central Cross-Island Highway</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Taroko_Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Taroko Gorge">Taroko Gorge</a> in the 1950s. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> in 1958, <a href="/wiki/Nike_Hercules" title="Nike Hercules">Nike Hercules</a> missiles were added to the formation of missile batteries throughout the island.<a href="#cite_note-240">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[221]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/220px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/330px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/440px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>With Chiang Kai-shek, US president <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> waved to crowds during his visit to Taipei in June 1960.</figcaption></figure> During the 1960s and 1970s, the ROC maintained an authoritarian, single-party government under the Kuomintang's <a href="/wiki/Dang_Guo" title="Dang Guo">Dang Guo</a> system while its economy became industrialized and technology-oriented.<a href="#cite_note-bbctimeline-coldwar-242">[222]</a> This rapid economic growth, known as the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Miracle" title="Taiwan Miracle">Taiwan Miracle</a>, occurred following a strategy of prioritizing agriculture, light industries, and heavy industries, in that order.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982173-243">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">Export-oriented industrialization</a> was achieved by tax rebate for exports, removal of import restriction, moving from multiple exchange rate to single exchange rate system, and depreciation of the New Taiwan dollar.<a href="#cite_note-244">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ten_Major_Construction_Projects" title="Ten Major Construction Projects">Infrastructure projects</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Yat-sen Freeway">Sun Yat-sen Freeway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_International_Airport" title="Taoyuan International Airport">Taoyuan International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taichung_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Taichung Harbor">Taichung Harbor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jinshan_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant">Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant</a> were launched, while the rise of steel, petrochemical, and shipbuilding industries in southern Taiwan saw the transformation of Kaohsiung into a special municipality on par with Taipei.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982174-245">[225]</a> In the 1970s, Taiwan became the second fastest growing economy in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-246">[226]</a> Real growth in <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> averaged over 10 percent.<a href="#cite_note-Wu&Cheng2002-247">[227]</a> In 1978, the combination of tax incentives and a cheap, well-trained labor force attracted investments of over $1.9 billion from <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a>, the United States, and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982175,_176-248">[228]</a> By 1980, foreign trade reached $39 billion per year and generated a surplus of $46.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982173-243">[223]</a> Along with Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea, Taiwan became known as one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a>. Because of the Cold War, most Western nations and the United Nations regarded the ROC as the sole legitimate government of China until the 1970s. Eventually, especially after <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">Taiwan's expulsion from the United Nations</a>, most nations switched <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">diplomatic recognition</a> to the PRC. Until the 1970s, the ROC government was regarded by Western critics as undemocratic for upholding martial law, severely repressing any political opposition, and controlling the media. The KMT did not allow the creation of new parties and competitive democratic elections did not exist.<a href="#cite_note-249">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFung200067-251">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFung200085-252">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[233]</a> From the late 1970s to the 1990s, Taiwan underwent political and social reforms that transformed it into a democracy.<a href="#cite_note-254">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a>, Chiang Kai-shek's son, served as <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">premier</a> from 1972 and rose to the presidency in 1978. He sought to move more authority to "<a href="/wiki/Bensheng_ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensheng ren">bensheng ren</a>" (residents of Taiwan before Japan's surrender and their descendants).<a href="#cite_note-Kagan-256">[236]</a> Pro-democracy activists <a href="/wiki/Tangwai_movement" title="Tangwai movement">Tangwai</a> emerged as the opposition. In 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_Incident" title="Kaohsiung Incident">Kaohsiung Incident</a> took place in <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a> on <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a>. Although the protest was rapidly crushed by the authorities, it is considered as the main event that united Taiwan's opposition.<a href="#cite_note-257">[237]</a> In 1984, Chiang Ching-kuo selected <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> as his vice-president. After the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> (DPP) was (illegally) founded as the first opposition party in Taiwan to counter the KMT in 1986, Chiang announced that he would allow the formation of new parties.<a href="#cite_note-258">[238]</a> On 15 July 1987, Chiang lifted martial law on the main island of Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-259">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transition_to_democracy">Transition to democracy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China">Politics of the Republic of China</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Lee_teng_hui.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/President_Lee_teng_hui.png/170px-President_Lee_teng_hui.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/President_Lee_teng_hui.png/255px-President_Lee_teng_hui.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/President_Lee_teng_hui.png/340px-President_Lee_teng_hui.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> became the first president of the Republic of China born in Taiwan and was the first to be directly elected in 1996.</figcaption></figure> After Chiang Ching-kuo's death in 1988, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> became the first president of the ROC born in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-261">[241]</a> Lee's administration oversaw a period of <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratization</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Provisions_against_the_Communist_Rebellion" title="Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion">Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion</a> were abolished and the <a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution</a> were introduced.<a href="#cite_note-262">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tang1999-263">[243]</a> Congressional representation was allocated to only the <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan Area</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[244]</a> and Taiwan underwent a process of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">localization</a> in which Taiwanese culture and history were promoted over a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism#In_Taiwan" title="Chinese nationalism">pan-China viewpoint</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[245]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilationist</a> policies were replaced with support for <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-266">[246]</a> In 1996, Lee was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/1996_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="1996 Taiwanese presidential election">the first direct presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[247]</a> During Lee's administration, both he and his party were involved in corruption controversies that came to be known as "<a href="/wiki/Black_gold_(politics)" title="Black gold (politics)">black gold</a>" politics.<a href="#cite_note-268">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> of the DPP was <a href="/wiki/2000_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2000 Taiwanese presidential election">elected as the first non-KMT president in 2000</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[251]</a> However, Chen lacked legislative majority. The opposition KMT developed the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> with other parties, mustering a slim majority over the DPP-led <a href="/wiki/Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[252]</a> Polarized politics emerged in Taiwan with the Pan-Blue preference for eventual <a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a>, while the Pan-Green prefers <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwanese independence</a>. Chen's reference to "<a href="/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a>" of the Taiwan Strait undercut <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">cross-Strait relations</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-273">[253]</a> He pushed for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Taiwanese_cross-Strait_relations_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Taiwanese cross-Strait relations referendum">first national referendum</a> on cross-Strait relations,<a href="#cite_note-274">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[255]</a> and called for an end to the <a href="/wiki/National_Unification_Council" title="National Unification Council">National Unification Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[256]</a> State-run companies began dropping "China" references in their names and including "Taiwan".<a href="#cite_note-277">[257]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/2008_Taiwanese_United_Nations_membership_referendums" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Taiwanese United Nations membership referendums">referendums</a> asked whether Taiwan should join the UN.<a href="#cite_note-lam200803-278">[258]</a> This act alienated moderate constituents who supported the status quo, as well as those with cross-strait economic ties. It also created tension with the mainland and disagreements with the United States.<a href="#cite_note-NYT2008-279">[259]</a> Chen's administration was also dogged by public concerns over reduced economic growth, legislative gridlock, and <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian_corruption_charges" title="Chen Shui-bian corruption charges">corruption investigations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-economist20080323-280">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft20080325-281">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT2008-279">[259]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_(13822412824).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_%2813822412824%29.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_%2813822412824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_%2813822412824%29.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_%2813822412824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_%2813822412824%29.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B_IMG_5932_%2813822412824%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Students occupied the Legislative Yuan <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement" title="Sunflower Student Movement">in protest against</a> a controversial <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">trade agreement with China</a> in March 2014.</figcaption></figure> The KMT's nominee <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2008_Republic_of_China_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Republic of China presidential election">2008 presidential election</a> on a platform of increased economic growth and better ties with the PRC under a policy of "<a href="/wiki/Special_non-state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special non-state-to-state relations">mutual non-denial</a>".<a href="#cite_note-lam200803-278">[258]</a> Under Ma, Taiwan and China opened up direct flights and cargo shipments.<a href="#cite_note-282">[262]</a> The PRC government even made the atypical decision to not demand that Taiwan be barred from the annual <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[263]</a> Ma also made an official apology for the White Terror.<a href="#cite_note-284">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[265]</a> However, closer economic ties with China raised concerns about its political consequences.<a href="#cite_note-286">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[267]</a> In 2014, university students occupied the Legislative Yuan and prevented the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Service_Trade_Agreement" title="Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement">Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement</a> in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement" title="Sunflower Student Movement">Sunflower Student Movement</a>. The movement gave rise to youth-based third parties such as the <a href="/wiki/New_Power_Party" title="New Power Party">New Power Party</a>, and is viewed to have contributed to the DPP's victories in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2016 Taiwanese presidential election">2016 presidential</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_legislative_election" title="2016 Taiwanese legislative election">legislative elections</a>,<a href="#cite_note-288">[268]</a> the latter of which resulted in the first DPP legislative majority in Taiwanese history.<a href="#cite_note-289">[269]</a> In January 2024, <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">William Lai Ching-te</a> of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party won Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/2024_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2024 Taiwanese presidential election">presidential elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[270]</a> However, no party won a majority in the simultaneous Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/2024_Taiwanese_legislative_election" title="2024 Taiwanese legislative election">legislative election</a> for the first time since 2004, meaning 51 seats for the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), 52 seats for the Kuomintang (KMT), and the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_People%27s_Party" title="Taiwan People's Party">Taiwan People's Party</a> (TPP) secured eight seats.<a href="#cite_note-291">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Geography of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg/260px-Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg/390px-Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg/520px-Taiwan_NASA_Terra_MODIS_2022-07-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1886" /></a><figcaption>A satellite image of Taiwan, showing it is mostly mountainous in the east, with gently sloping plains in the west. The <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu Islands</a> are west of the main island.</figcaption></figure> The land controlled by the ROC consists of <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">168 islands</a><a href="#cite_note-Taiwan_Islands-54">[n]</a> with a combined area of 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-taiwansnapshot-25">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NDC2021-55">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-ROC_territory-37">[i]</a> The main island, known historically as Formosa, makes up 99 percent of this area, measuring 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 sq mi) and lying some 180 kilometres (112 mi) across the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a> from the southeastern coast of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>. The <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a> lies to its north, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a> to its east, the <a href="/wiki/Luzon_Strait" title="Luzon Strait">Luzon Strait</a> directly to its south and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> to its southwest. Smaller islands include the <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu Islands</a> in the Taiwan Strait, the <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuqiu,_Kinmen" title="Wuqiu, Kinmen">Wuqiu</a> islands near the Chinese coast, and some of the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> islands. The main island is a tilted <a href="/wiki/Fault_block" title="Fault block">fault block</a>, characterized by the contrast between the eastern two-thirds, consisting mostly of five rugged mountain ranges parallel to the east coast, and the flat to gently rolling plains of the western third, where the majority of Taiwan's population reside. There are several peaks over 3,500 metres, the highest being <a href="/wiki/Yu_Shan" title="Yu Shan">Yu Shan</a> at 3,952 m (12,966 ft), making Taiwan the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_highest_point" title="List of islands by highest point">fourth-highest island</a>. The tectonic boundary that formed these ranges is still active, and the island experiences many earthquakes. There are also many active <a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">submarine volcanoes</a> in the Taiwan Strait. Taiwan contains four terrestrial ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Jian_Nan_subtropical_evergreen_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests">Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests</a>, South China Sea Islands, <a href="/wiki/South_Taiwan_monsoon_rain_forests" title="South Taiwan monsoon rain forests">South Taiwan monsoon rain forests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_subtropical_evergreen_forests" title="Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests">Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-292">[272]</a> The eastern mountains are heavily forested and home to a diverse range of wildlife, while land use in the western and northern lowlands is intensive. The country had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 6.38/10, ranking it 76th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-293">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Taiwan" title="Climate change in Taiwan">Climate change in Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg/290px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg/435px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg/580px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_TWN_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Köppen climate classification of Taiwan</figcaption></figure> Taiwan lies on the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>, and its general <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> is marine <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cia-factbook-21">[14]</a> The northern and central regions are subtropical, whereas the south is tropical and the mountainous regions are temperate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEExec._Yuan201444-294">[274]</a> The average rainfall is 2,600 millimetres (100 inches) per year for the island proper; the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">rainy season</a> is concurrent with the onset of the summer <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">East Asian Monsoon</a> in May and June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEExec._Yuan201445-295">[275]</a> The entire island experiences hot, humid weather from June through September. <a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_Taiwan" title="Typhoons in Taiwan">Typhoons</a> are most common in July, August and September.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEExec._Yuan201445-295">[275]</a> During the winter (November to March), the northeast experiences steady rain, while the central and southern parts of the island are mostly sunny. Due to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Taiwan" title="Climate change in Taiwan">climate change</a>, the average temperature in Taiwan has risen 1.4 °C (2.5 °F) in the last 100 years, twice the worldwide temperature rise.<a href="#cite_note-296">[276]</a> The goal of the Taiwanese government is to cut <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon emissions">carbon emissions</a> by 20 percent in 2030 and by 50 percent in 2050, compared to 2005 levels. Carbon emissions increased by 0.92 percent between 2005 and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-297">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Taiwan" title="Geology of Taiwan">Geology of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B8%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Dabajian" title="Mount Dabajian">Mount Dabajian</a> was selected as one of the <a href="/wiki/100_Peaks_of_Taiwan" title="100 Peaks of Taiwan">100 Peaks of Taiwan</a>.</figcaption></figure> The island of Taiwan lies in a complex <a href="/wiki/Tectonics" title="Tectonics">tectonic</a> area between the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze Plate">Yangtze Plate</a> to the west and north, the <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa Plate">Okinawa Plate</a> on the north-east, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Mobile_Belt" title="Philippine Mobile Belt">Philippine Mobile Belt</a> on the east and south. The upper part of the crust on the island is primarily made up of a series of <a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">terranes</a>, mostly old <a href="/wiki/Island_arc" title="Island arc">island arcs</a> which have been forced together by the collision of the forerunners of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Sea Plate">Philippine Sea Plate</a>. These have been further uplifted as a result of the detachment of a portion of the Eurasian Plate as it was <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subducted</a> beneath remnants of the Philippine Sea Plate, a process which left the crust under Taiwan more buoyant.<a href="#cite_note-298">[278]</a> The east and south of Taiwan are a complex system of belts formed by, and part of the zone of, active collision between the North Luzon Trough portion of the <a href="/wiki/Luzon_Volcanic_Arc" title="Luzon Volcanic Arc">Luzon Volcanic Arc</a> and South China, where accreted portions of the Luzon Arc and Luzon forearc form the <a href="/wiki/Haian_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Haian Range">eastern Coastal Range</a> and parallel inland <a href="/wiki/Huatung_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Huatung Valley">Longitudinal Valley</a> of Taiwan, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-299">[279]</a> The major seismic faults in Taiwan correspond to the various suture zones between the various terranes. These have produced major quakes. On 21 September 1999, a 7.3 quake known as the "<a href="/wiki/1999_Jiji_(Chichi)_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Jiji (Chichi) earthquake">921 earthquake</a>" killed more than 2,400 people. The <a href="/wiki/Seismic_hazard_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic hazard map">seismic hazard map</a> for Taiwan by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> shows 9/10 of the island at the most hazardous rating.<a href="#cite_note-300">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government of the Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China">Politics of the Republic of China</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Elections in Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Human rights in Taiwan">Human rights in Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_divide_in_Taiwan" title="North–South divide in Taiwan">North–South divide in Taiwan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg/220px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg/330px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg/440px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Taiwan's popularly elected president resides in the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Office_Building_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Office Building (Republic of China)">Presidential Office Building, Taipei</a>, originally built in the Japanese era for colonial governors.</figcaption></figure> The government of the Republic of China was founded on the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the ROC</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a>, which states that the ROC "shall be a democratic republic of the people, to be governed by the people and for the people".<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a> It underwent significant revisions in the 1990s, known collectively as the Additional Articles. The government is divided into five branches (Yuan): the Executive Yuan (cabinet), the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> (Congress or Parliament), the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Judicial Yuan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a> (audit agency), and the <a href="/wiki/Examination_Yuan" title="Examination Yuan">Examination Yuan</a> (civil service examination agency). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="5320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the armed forces is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">president</a>, who is elected by popular vote for a maximum of 2 four-year terms on the same ticket as the vice-president. The president appoints the members of the Executive Yuan as their cabinet, including a <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">premier</a>, who is officially the President of the Executive Yuan; members are responsible for policy and administration.<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative body</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> Legislative Yuan with 113 seats. Seventy-three are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies; thirty-four are elected based on the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties in a separate party list ballot; and six are elected from two three-member aboriginal constituencies. Members serve four-year terms. Originally the unicameral National Assembly, as a standing <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_meeting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political meeting)">constitutional convention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a>, held some parliamentary functions, but the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">National Assembly</a> was abolished in 2005 with the power of constitutional amendments handed over to the Legislative Yuan and all eligible voters of the Republic via referendums.<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[282]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg/170px-Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg/255px-Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg/340px-Premier_Cho_Jung-tai_20240820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho Jung-tai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier of the Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> The premier is selected by the president without the need for approval from the legislature, and neither the president nor the premier wields veto power.<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a> Historically, the ROC has been dominated by strongman single party politics. This legacy has resulted in executive powers currently being concentrated in the office of the president rather than the premier.<a href="#cite_note-303">[283]</a> The Judicial Yuan is the highest <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> organ. It interprets the constitution and other laws and decrees, judges administrative suits, and disciplines public functionaries. The president and vice-president of the Judicial Yuan and additional thirteen justices form the Council of Grand Justices.<a href="#cite_note-304">[284]</a> They are nominated and appointed by the president, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan. The highest court, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of China">Supreme Court</a>, consists of a number of civil and criminal divisions, each of which is formed by a presiding judge and four associate judges, all appointed for life. In 1993, a separate <a href="/wiki/List_of_constitutional_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of constitutional courts">constitutional court</a> was established to resolve constitutional disputes, regulate the activities of political parties and accelerate the democratization process. There is no <a href="/wiki/Jury_trial" title="Jury trial">trial by jury</a> but the right to a fair public trial is protected by law and respected in practice; many cases are presided over by multiple judges.<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a> The Control Yuan is a watchdog agency that monitors the actions of the executive. It can be considered a standing <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">commission</a> for administrative inquiry, like the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Auditors" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Auditors">Court of Auditors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a> It is also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/National_Human_Rights_Commission_(Taiwan)" title="National Human Rights Commission (Taiwan)">National Human Rights Commission</a>. The Examination Yuan is in charge of validating the qualification of civil servants. It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examination</a> system used in dynastic China. It can be compared to the <a href="/wiki/European_Personnel_Selection_Office" title="European Personnel Selection Office">European Personnel Selection Office</a> of the European Union or the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-yb:government-301">[281]</a> It was downsized in 2019, and there have been calls for its abolition.<a href="#cite_note-2020amend-305">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitution">Constitution</h3></div> The constitution was drafted by the KMT while the ROC still governed the Chinese mainland.<a href="#cite_note-307">[287]</a> Political reforms beginning in the late 1970s resulted in the end of martial law in 1987, and Taiwan transformed into a multiparty democracy in the early 1990s. The constitutional basis for this transition to democracy was gradually laid in the <a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution</a>. These articles suspended portions of the Constitution designed for the governance of mainland China and replacing them with articles adapted for the governance of and guaranteeing the political rights of residents of the Taiwan Area, as defined in the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area.<a href="#cite_note-308">[288]</a> National boundaries were not explicitly prescribed by the 1947 Constitution, and the Constitutional Court declined to define these boundaries in a 1993 interpretation, viewing the question as a political question to be resolved by the Executive and Legislative Yuans.<a href="#cite_note-309">[289]</a> The 1947 Constitution included articles regarding representatives from former Qing dynasty territories including <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Mongol banners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-I_Mongol-312">[292]</a> The ROC recognized <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> as an independent country in 1946 after signing the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship_and_Alliance" title="Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance">Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance</a>, but after retreating to Taiwan in 1949 it reneged to preserve its claim over mainland China.<a href="#cite_note-313">[293]</a> The Additional Articles of the 1990s did not alter national boundaries, but suspended articles regarding Mongolian and Tibetan representatives. The ROC began to accept the Mongolian passport and removed clauses referring to Outer Mongolia from the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-314">[294]</a> In 2012 the Mainland Affairs Council issued a statement clarifying that Outer Mongolia was not part of the ROC's national territory in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-315">[295]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_and_Tibetan_Affairs_Commission" title="Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission">Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission</a> in the Executive Yuan was abolished in 2017. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_camps">Major camps</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A circular logo representing a white sun on a blue background. The sun is a circle surrounded by twelve triangles." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_Kuomintang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> party</div></div></div></div></div> Taiwan's political scene is divided into two major camps in terms of cross-Strait relations, i.e. how Taiwan should relate to China or the PRC. The <a href="/wiki/Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a> (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a>) leans pro-independence, and the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>) leans pro-unification.<a href="#cite_note-316">[296]</a> Moderates in both camps regard the Republic of China as a sovereign independent state, but the Pan-Green Coalition regard the ROC as <a href="/wiki/Four-Stage_Theory_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China">synonymous with Taiwan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-317">[297]</a> while moderates in the Pan-Blue Coalition view it as <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">synonymous with China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[298]</a> These positions formed against the backdrop of the PRC's <a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a>, which threatens the use of "non-peaceful means" to respond to formal Taiwanese independence.<a href="#cite_note-319">[299]</a> The ROC government has understood this to mean a military invasion of Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-320">[300]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei,_TAIWAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei%2C_TAIWAN.jpg/220px-2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei%2C_TAIWAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei%2C_TAIWAN.jpg/330px-2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei%2C_TAIWAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei%2C_TAIWAN.jpg/440px-2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3519%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%97%86%E9%A6%AC%E8%B8%B9%E5%85%B1%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83_Democratic_Progressive_Party%27s_Anti-Ma_Ying-jeou_Event_in_Taipei%2C_TAIWAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a>'s event in Taipei</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a> is mainly led by the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party" title="Taiwan Statebuilding Party">Taiwan Statebuilding Party</a> (TSP) and <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (Taiwan)">Green Party</a> (GPT). They oppose the idea that Taiwan is part of China, and seek wide diplomatic recognition and an eventual declaration of formal <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[301]</a> In September 2007, the then ruling DPP approved a resolution asserting separate identity from China and called for the enactment of a new constitution for a "normal country". It called also for general use of "Taiwan" as the country's name, without abolishing its formal name, the "Republic of China".<a href="#cite_note-AP2007-322">[302]</a> The name "Taiwan" has been used increasingly often after the emergence of the Taiwanese independence movement.<a href="#cite_note-NYT2008-279">[259]</a> Some members of the coalition, such as former President Chen Shui-bian, argue that it is unnecessary to proclaim independence because "Taiwan is already an independent, sovereign country" and the Republic of China is the same as Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-323">[303]</a> Despite being a member of KMT prior to and during his presidency, Lee Teng-hui also held a similar view and was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanization">Taiwanization</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-324">[304]</a> TSP and GPT<a href="#cite_note-325">[305]</a> have adopted a line that aggressive route more than the DPP, in order to win over pro-independence voters who are dissatisfied with the DPP's conservative stance. The <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a>, composed of the pro-unification Kuomintang (KMT), <a href="/wiki/People_First_Party_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="People First Party (Republic of China)">People First Party</a> (PFP) and <a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Party (Republic of China)">New Party</a> generally support the spirit of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a>, where the KMT claimed that there is one China, but that the ROC and PRC have different interpretations of what "China" means. They favor eventual unification with China.<a href="#cite_note-panblue-reunif-chineseid-326">[306]</a> Regarding independence, the mainstream Pan-Blue position is to maintain the status quo, while refusing immediate unification.<a href="#cite_note-327">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[308]</a> President Ma Ying-jeou stated that there will be no unification nor declaration of independence during his presidency.<a href="#cite_note-MasClaimtoMainland-329">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-chinapost.com.tw-330">[310]</a> Some Pan-Blue members seek to improve relationships with PRC, with a focus on improving economic ties.<a href="#cite_note-331">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_identity">National identity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people#The_current_state_of_Taiwanese_identity" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese people § The current state of Taiwanese identity</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity" title="Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg/330px-National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg/495px-National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg/660px-National_Chengchi_University_identity_survey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Results from an identity survey conducted each year from 1992 to 2020 by the Election Study Center, <a href="/wiki/National_Chengchi_University" title="National Chengchi University">National Chengchi University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nccu-332">[312]</a> Responses are Taiwanese (green), Chinese (red) or Both Taiwanese and Chinese (hatched). No response is shown as gray.</figcaption></figure> Roughly 84 percent of Taiwan's population are descendants of Han Chinese immigrants between 1683 and 1895. Another significant fraction descends from Han Chinese who immigrated from mainland China in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The shared cultural origin as well as hostility between the rival ROC and PRC have resulted in national identity being a contentious issue with political overtones. Since democratic reforms and the lifting of martial law, a distinct Taiwanese identity is often at the heart of political debates. Its acceptance makes the island distinct from mainland China, and therefore may be seen as a step towards forming a consensus for de jure Taiwan independence.<a href="#cite_note-power-shift-333">[313]</a> The Pan-Green camp supports a predominantly Taiwanese identity (although "Chinese" may be viewed as cultural heritage), while the Pan-Blue camp supports a predominantly Chinese identity (with "Taiwanese" as a regional/diasporic Chinese identity).<a href="#cite_note-panblue-reunif-chineseid-326">[306]</a> The KMT has downplayed this stance in the recent years and now supports a Taiwanese identity as part of a Chinese identity.<a href="#cite_note-334">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[315]</a> Taiwanese identification has increased substantially since the early 1990s, while Chinese identification has fallen to a low level, and identification as both has also seen a reduction. In 1992, 17.6 percent of respondents identified as Taiwanese, 25.5 percent as Chinese, 46.4 percent as both, and 10.5 percent non-response. In June 2021, 63.3 percent identified as Taiwanese, 2.6 percent as Chinese, 31.4 percent as both, and 2.7 percent non-response.<a href="#cite_note-nccu-332">[312]</a> A survey conducted in Taiwan by Global Views Survey Research Center in July 2009 showed that 82.8 percent of respondents consider the ROC and the PRC two separate countries with each developing on its own but 80.2 percent think they are members of the Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-336">[316]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></div> Domestic public opinion has preferred maintaining the status quo, though pro-independence sentiment has steadily risen since 1994. In June 2021, an annual poll found that 28.2 percent supported the status quo and postponing a decision, 27.5 percent supported maintaining the status quo indefinitely, 25.8 percent supported the status quo with a move toward independence, 5.9 percent supported the status quo with a move toward unification, 5.7 percent gave no response, 5.6 percent supported independence as soon as possible, and 1.5 percent supported unification as soon as possible.<a href="#cite_note-chengchiIndepUnif-337">[317]</a> A <a href="/wiki/2018_Taiwanese_referendum" title="2018 Taiwanese referendum">referendum question in 2018</a> asked if Taiwan's athletes should compete under "Taiwan" in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> but did not pass; the New York Times attributed the failure to a campaign cautioning that a name change might lead to Taiwan being banned "under Chinese pressure".<a href="#cite_note-HortonNYT2018-338">[318]</a> The KMT, the largest <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue</a> party, supports the status quo for the indefinite future with a stated ultimate goal of unification. However, it does not support unification in the short term with the PRC as such a prospect would be unacceptable to most of its members and the public.<a href="#cite_note-339">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a>, chairman of the KMT and former president of the ROC, has set out democracy, economic development to a level near that of Taiwan, and equitable wealth distribution as the conditions that the PRC must fulfill for unification to occur.<a href="#cite_note-340">[320]</a> Ma stated that the cross-Strait relations are neither between two Chinas nor two states. It is a special relationship. Further, he stated that the sovereignty issues between the two cannot be resolved at present.<a href="#cite_note-341">[321]</a> The Democratic Progressive Party, the largest Pan-Green party, officially seeks independence, but in practice also supports the status quo because neither independence nor unification seems likely in the short or even medium term.<a href="#cite_note-342">[322]</a> In 2017, Taiwanese premier <a href="/wiki/William_Lai" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lai">William Lai</a> said that he was a "political worker who advocates Taiwan independence", but that as Taiwan was already an independent country called the Republic of China,<a href="#cite_note-cha21-343">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc21-344">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-srf21-345">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-gra21-346">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-dpa21-10-347">[327]</a> it had no need to declare independence.<a href="#cite_note-348">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations_and_international_status">Foreign relations and international status</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">List of states with limited recognition</a>; <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China#International_territorial_disputes" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations of China § International territorial disputes</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan,_China" title="Taiwan, China">Taiwan, China</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.svg/260px-Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.svg/390px-Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.svg/520px-Countries_recognizing_the_Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Republic of China (Taiwan)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have formal relations with Taiwan</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have formal relations with the PRC and informal relations with Taiwan</div></figcaption></figure> The political and legal statuses of Taiwan are contentious issues. The People's Republic of China (PRC) claims that Taiwan is Chinese territory and that the PRC replaced the ROC government in 1949, becoming the sole legal government of China.<a href="#cite_note-PRCNorway-100">[81]</a> The ROC, however, has its <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">own currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_passport" title="Taiwan passport">widely accepted passport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Taiwan" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Taiwan">postage stamps</a>, internet <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLD</a>, armed forces and constitution with an independently elected president.<a href="#cite_note-tfp09-349">[329]</a> It has not formally renounced its claim to the mainland, but ROC government publications have increasingly downplayed this historical claim.<a href="#cite_note-350">[330]</a> Until 1928, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> of Republican China was complicated by a lack of internal unity—competing centers of power all claimed legitimacy. This situation changed after the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiyang Government">Peiyang Government</a> by the Kuomintang (KMT), which led to widespread diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China.<a href="#cite_note-351">[331]</a> After the KMT retreated to Taiwan, most countries, especially those of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a> – save the United Kingdom, which recognized the PRC in 1950<a href="#cite_note-352">[332]</a> – continued to maintain formal relations with the ROC; but recognition gradually eroded and many countries switched recognition to the People's Republic of China in the 1970s. On 25 October 1971, UN Resolution 2758 was adopted by 76 votes to 35 with 17 abstentions, recognizing the PRC as China's sole representative in the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-353">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[334]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG/220px-Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG/330px-Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG/440px-Taiwanese_Embassy_in_Mbabane.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)_in_the_Kingdom_of_Eswatini" title="Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in the Kingdom of Eswatini">ROC embassy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></figcaption></figure> The PRC refuses to have <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomatic relations</a> with any nation that has diplomatic relations with the ROC, and requires all nations with which it has diplomatic relations to make a statement on its claims to Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-355">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[336]</a> As a result, only <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of the Republic of China">11 UN member states</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> maintain official diplomatic relations with the Republic of China.<a href="#cite_note-ap2024-68">[52]</a> The ROC maintains unofficial relations with other countries via de facto <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consulates</a> mostly called <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office">Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Offices</a> (TECRO), with branch offices called "Taipei Economic and Cultural Offices" (TECO). Both TECRO and TECO are "unofficial commercial entities" of the ROC in charge of maintaining diplomatic relations, providing consular services, and serving the national interests of the ROC.<a href="#cite_note-357">[337]</a> From 1954 to 1979, the United States was a partner with Taiwan in a mutual defense treaty. The United States remains one of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China-United States relations">main supporters</a> of Taiwan and, through the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a> passed in 1979, has continued selling arms and providing military training to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TRA-review-358">[338]</a> The PRC considers US involvement disruptive to the stability of the region.<a href="#cite_note-SanctionsAFP-359">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[340]</a> The official position of the United States is that the PRC is expected to "use no force or threat[en] to use force against Taiwan" and the ROC is to "exercise prudence in managing all aspects of <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a>." Both are to refrain from performing actions or espousing statements "that would unilaterally alter Taiwan's status".<a href="#cite_note-UsPolicyToTaiwan-361">[341]</a> While not officially classified as a <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">major non-NATO ally</a>, it has been de facto treated this way by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> since at least 2003.<a href="#cite_note-Kan20092-362">[342]</a> Taiwan, since 2016 under the Tsai administration's <a href="/wiki/New_Southbound_Policy" title="New Southbound Policy">New Southbound Policy</a>, has pursued closer economic relations with South and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> countries, increasing cooperation on investments and people-to-people exchanges despite the region's general lack of official diplomatic ties with Taipei.<a href="#cite_note-363">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[344]</a> The policy has led to Taiwan receiving an increased number of migrants and students from the region.<a href="#cite_note-365">[345]</a> However, a few scandals of Southeast Asians, particularly Indonesians, experiencing exploitation in scholarship programs<a href="#cite_note-366">[346]</a> and in some labor industries have emerged as setbacks for the policy<a href="#cite_note-367">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[348]</a> as well as for <a href="/wiki/Indonesia-Taiwan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia-Taiwan relations">Indonesia-Taiwan relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-369">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relations_with_the_PRC">Relations with the PRC</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg/220px-2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg/330px-2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg/440px-2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_Meeting_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">Ma–Xi meeting</a> was the first meeting between the leaders from both sides of the Taiwan Strait since 1949.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a> (MAC) of Taiwan is responsible for relations with the PRC, while the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> (TAO) of the PRC is responsible for relations with Taiwan. Exchanges are conducted through private organizations both founded in 1991: the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Exchange_Foundation" title="Straits Exchange Foundation">Straits Exchange Foundation</a> (SEF) of Taiwan and the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a> (ARATS) of the PRC. The PRC's <a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a> principle states that Taiwan and mainland China are both part of China, and that the PRC is the only legitimate government of China.<a href="#cite_note-woo21-66">[50]</a> It seeks to prevent or reduce any formal recognition of the ROC as an independent sovereign state,<a href="#cite_note-371">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[352]</a> meaning that Taiwan participates in many international forums as a non-state member under names such as "Chinese Taipei". The PRC suggested the "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>" employed in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> as a model for peaceful unification with Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-373">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[354]</a> While it aims for peaceful reunification, the PRC does not rule out the use of force.<a href="#cite_note-scmp2014sep27-375">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc21-344">[324]</a> The political environment is complicated by the potential for military conflict<a href="#cite_note-mol21-376">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-mar21-377">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-yn21-378">[358]</a> should events outlined in the PRC's <a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a> occur, such as Taiwan declaring <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> independence. There is a substantial military presence on the Fujian coast as well as PRC sorties into Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Air_defense_identification_zone" title="Air defense identification zone">air defense identification zone</a> (ADIZ).<a href="#cite_note-379">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-2004NatDefRpt-380">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-srf21-345">[325]</a> In November 1992, the ARATS and SEF held a meeting which would later become known as the <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a>. The SEF announced that both sides agreed that there was only one China, but disagreed on the definition of China (i.e. the ROC vs. PRC), while the ARATS announced that the two agreed on the One China principle, but did not mention differences regarding its definition made in the SEF statement.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-381">[361]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> rejected the 1992 Consensus.<a href="#cite_note-382">[362]</a> She stated that there is no need to talk about the 1992 Consensus anymore, because this term has already been defined by Beijing as "one country, two systems."<a href="#cite_note-383">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Participation_in_international_events_and_organizations">Participation in international events and organizations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan#Relation_with_International_organizations" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan § Relation with International organizations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></div> The ROC was a <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Original_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">founding member of United Nations</a>, and held the <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">seat of China</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> and other UN bodies until 1971, when it was expelled by Resolution 2758 and replaced with the PRC as the ROC now has neither official membership nor observer status in the organization. Since 1993, the ROC has petitioned the UN for entry, but its applications have not made it past committee stage.<a href="#cite_note-384">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[365]</a> Due to the <a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a> policy, most <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a>, including the United States, do not wish to discuss the issue of the ROC's political status for fear of souring diplomatic ties with the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-386">[366]</a> The ROC government shifted its focus to organizations affiliated with the UN, as well as organizations outside the UN system.<a href="#cite_note-387">[367]</a> The government sought to participate in the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) since 1997,<a href="#cite_note-388">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[369]</a> their efforts were rejected until 2009, when they participated as an observer under the name "Chinese Taipei" after reaching an agreement with Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-390">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[371]</a> In 2017, Taiwan again began to be excluded from the WHO even in an observer capacity.<a href="#cite_note-392">[372]</a> This exclusion caused a number of scandals during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-393">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-394">[374]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white symbol in shape of a five petal flower ringed by a blue and a red line. In its center stands a circular symbol depicting a white sun on a blue background. The five Olympic circles (blue, yellow, black, green and red) stand below it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/220px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/330px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/440px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The flag used by Taiwan at the Olympic Games, where it competes as "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>" (中華台北)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_at_the_Olympics#Nagoya_Resolution" title="Republic of China at the Olympics">Nagoya Resolution</a> in 1979 approved by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) provided a compromise for the ROC to use the name "Chinese Taipei" in international events where the PRC is also a party, such as the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brownell2007-395">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lin-396">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-chinese-taipei-397">[377]</a> Under the IOC charter, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">ROC flags</a> cannot be flown at any official Olympic venue or gathering.<a href="#cite_note-398">[378]</a> The ROC also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> forum (since 1991) and the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (since 2002) under the names "Chinese Taipei" and "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", respectively.<a href="#cite_note-399">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[380]</a> It was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, but since China's ascension in 1986 has participated under the name "Taipei, China". The ROC is able to participate as "China" in organizations in which the PRC does not participate, such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Organization_of_the_Scout_Movement" title="World Organization of the Scout Movement">World Organization of the Scout Movement</a>. Due to its limited international recognition, the Republic of China has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a> (UNPO) since the foundation of the organization in 1991, represented by a government-funded organization, the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Foundation_for_Democracy" title="Taiwan Foundation for Democracy">Taiwan Foundation for Democracy</a> (TFD), under the name "Taiwan".<a href="#cite_note-401">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[382]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Taiwan" title="Military history of Taiwan">Military history of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Military_Academy" title="Republic of China Military Academy">Republic of China Military Academy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg/220px-20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg/330px-20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg/440px-20200210_F16vsH6K_Taiwan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A Taiwanese <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> fighter jet flies next to a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Xian_H-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-6">H-6</a> bomber (top) in Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Air_defense_identification_zone" title="Air defense identification zone">ADIZ</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> takes its roots in the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a>, which was established by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> in 1924 in <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> with a goal of reunifying China under the Kuomintang. When the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> won the Chinese Civil War, much of the National Revolutionary Army retreated to Taiwan along with the government. The 1947 Constitution of the ROC reformed it into the Republic of China Armed Forces, making it the national army rather than the army of a political party. Units which surrendered and remained in mainland China were either disbanded or incorporated into the People's Liberation Army. From 1949 to the 1970s, the primary mission of the Taiwanese military was to "retake mainland China" through Project National Glory. As this mission has transitioned away from attack because the relative strength of the PRC has massively increased, the ROC military has begun to shift emphasis from the traditionally dominant Army to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">air force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">navy</a>. Control of the armed forces has also passed into the hands of the civilian government.<a href="#cite_note-towards-403">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[384]</a> The ROC began a series of force reduction plans since the 1990s to scale down its military from a level of 450,000 in 1997 to 380,000 in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-405">[385]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the total strength of the Armed Forces is capped at 215,000 with 90 percent manning ratio for volunteer military.<a href="#cite_note-406">[386]</a> Conscription remains universal for qualified males reaching age eighteen, but as a part of the reduction effort many are given the opportunity to fulfill their draft requirement through alternative service.<a href="#cite_note-407">[387]</a> Taiwan cut compulsory military service to four months in 2013 but will extend military service to one year in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-408">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[389]</a> The military's reservists is around 2.5 million including first-wave reservists numbered at 300,000 as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-410">[390]</a> Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">defense spending</a> as a percentage of its GDP fell below three percent in 1999 and had been trending downwards over the first two decades of the twenty-first century.<a href="#cite_note-411">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[392]</a> The ROC government spent approximately two percent of GDP on defense and failed to raise the spending as high as proposed three percent of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-413">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[395]</a> In 2022, Taiwan proposed 2.4 percent of projected GDP in defense spending for the following year, continued to remain below three percent.<a href="#cite_note-416">[396]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_(34750802021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_%2834750802021%29.jpg/220px-05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_%2834750802021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_%2834750802021%29.jpg/330px-05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_%2834750802021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_%2834750802021%29.jpg/440px-05.25_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%85%8933%E8%99%9F%E6%BC%94%E7%BF%92_%2834750802021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Han_Kuang_Exercise" title="Han Kuang Exercise">Han Kuang Exercise</a> is an annual military exercise by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">ROC Armed Forces</a> in preparation for a possible attack from the PRC.</figcaption></figure> The ROC and the United States signed the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty in 1954, and established the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Taiwan_Defense_Command" title="United States Taiwan Defense Command">United States Taiwan Defense Command</a>. About 30,000 US troops were stationed in Taiwan, until the United States established diplomatic relations with the PRC in 1979.<a href="#cite_note-417">[397]</a> A significant amount of military hardware has been bought from the United States, and continues to be legally guaranteed by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TRA-review-358">[338]</a> France and the Netherlands have also sold military weapons and hardware to the ROC, but they almost entirely stopped in the 1990s under pressure of the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-418">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[399]</a> There is no guarantee in the Taiwan Relations Act or any other treaty that the United States will defend Taiwan, even in the event of invasion.<a href="#cite_note-420">[400]</a> On several occasions in 2021 and 2022, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> stated that the United States will intervene if the PRC attempts to invade Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-biden_interview_2022_08_29_abcnews-421">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-biden_town_hall_2021_10_21_cnn-422">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-biden_kishida_remarks_2022_05_23_whitehouse_gov-423">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[404]</a> However, White House officials insisted that US policy on Taiwan has not changed.<a href="#cite_note-425">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[406]</a> The joint declaration on security between the US and Japan signed in 1996 may imply that Japan would be involved in any response. However, Japan has refused to stipulate whether the "area surrounding Japan" mentioned in the pact includes Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-427">[407]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australia,_New_Zealand,_United_States_Security_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty">Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty</a> (ANZUS Treaty) may mean that other US allies, such as Australia, could be involved.<a href="#cite_note-428">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-sei21-429">[409]</a> While this would risk damaging economic ties with China,<a href="#cite_note-430">[410]</a> a conflict over Taiwan could lead to an economic blockade of China by a greater coalition.<a href="#cite_note-431">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-chinas_fear_2019_04_30_reuters-432">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-435">[415]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Taiwan">LGBT rights in Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan" title="Same-sex marriage in Taiwan">Same-sex marriage in Taiwan</a></div> On 24 May 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Yuan#Constitutional_Court" title="Judicial Yuan">Constitutional Court</a> ruled that then-current marriage laws had been violating the Constitution by denying same-sex couples the right to marry. The Court ruled that if the Legislative Yuan did not pass adequate amendments to Taiwanese marriage laws within two years, same-sex marriages would automatically become lawful in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-436">[416]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/2018_Taiwanese_referendum" title="2018 Taiwanese referendum">referendum question in 2018</a>, however, voters expressed overwhelming opposition to same-sex marriage and supported the removal of content about homosexuality from primary school textbooks. According to the New York Times, the referendum questions were subject to a "well-funded and highly organized campaign led by conservative Christians and other groups" involving the use of misinformation.<a href="#cite_note-HortonNYT2018-338">[318]</a> Nevertheless, the vote against same-sex marriage does not affect the court ruling, and on 17 May 2019, Taiwan's parliament approved a bill legalizing same-sex marriage, making it the first country in Asia to do so.<a href="#cite_note-437">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[419]</a> Taiwan has an annual pride event, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Pride" title="Taiwan Pride">Taiwan Pride</a>. It currently holds the record for the largest <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> gathering in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, rivaling <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Pride" title="Tel Aviv Pride">Tel Aviv Pride</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-440">[420]</a> The event draws more than 200,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-441">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_administrative_divisions_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the administrative divisions of China (1912–1949)">History of the administrative divisions of China (1912–1949)</a></div> According to the 1947 constitution, the territory of the ROC is according to its "existing national boundaries".<a href="#cite_note-constitution-442">[422]</a> The ROC is, de jure constitutionally, divided into <a href="#History">provinces</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="zh:省 (中華民國)">zh</a>], <a href="/wiki/Special_municipality_(Taiwan)" title="Special municipality (Taiwan)">special municipalities</a> (which are further divided into districts for local administration), and the province-level <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Area_(administrative_division)" title="Tibet Area (administrative division)">Tibet Area</a>. Each province is subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Taiwan)" title="Provincial city (Taiwan)">cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">counties</a>, which are further divided into townships and county-administered cities, each having elected mayors and city councilors who share duties with the county. Some divisions are indigenous divisions which have different degrees of autonomy to standard ones. In addition, districts, cities and townships are further divided into villages and neighborhoods. The provinces have been "streamlined" and are no longer functional.<a href="#cite_note-443">[423]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Mongol banners</a> for China's <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> also existed,<a href="#cite_note-I_Mongol-312">[292]</a> but they were abolished in 2006 and the ROC reaffirmed its recognition of Mongolia (formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> in Taiwan) in 2002, as stipulated in the 1946 constitution.<a href="#cite_note-444">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-445">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mongolia-446">[426]</a> With provinces non-functional, Taiwan is in practice divided into 22 subnational divisions, each with a self-governing body led by an elected leader and a legislative body with elected members. Duties of local governments include social services, education, urban planning, public construction, water management, environmental protection, transport, public safety, and more. When the ROC retreated to Taiwan in 1949, its claimed territory consisted of 35 provinces, 12 special municipalities, 1 special administrative region and 2 autonomous regions. However, since its retreat, the ROC has controlled only <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan Province</a> and some islands of <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Province,_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Province, Republic of China">Fujian Province</a>. The ROC also controls the <a href="/wiki/Pratas_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratas Islands">Pratas Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Island" title="Taiping Island">Taiping Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands" title="Spratly Islands">Spratly Islands</a>, which are part of the disputed <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islands" title="South China Sea Islands">South China Sea Islands</a>. They were placed under <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a> administration after the retreat to Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-447">[427]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Overview of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">administrative divisions</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of China</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of China</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 300px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_(2014).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_%282014%29.svg/300px-Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_%282014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="424" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_%282014%29.svg/450px-Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_%282014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_%282014%29.svg/600px-Subdivision_types_of_the_Republic_of_China_%282014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234px; top:37px"><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:228px; top:55px"><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:258px; top:25px"><a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:189px; top:46px"><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168px; top:82px"><a href="/wiki/Hsinchu_County" title="Hsinchu County">Hsinchu County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:156px; top:70px"><a href="/wiki/Hsinchu" title="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168px; top:106px"><a href="/wiki/Miaoli_County" title="Miaoli County">Miaoli</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:136px"><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:114px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/Changhua_County" title="Changhua County">Changhua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:24px; top:217px"><a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168px; top:190px"><a href="/wiki/Nantou_County" title="Nantou County">Nantou</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:114px; top:193px"><a href="/wiki/Yunlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunlin">Yunlin</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:105px; top:226px"><a href="/wiki/Chiayi_County" title="Chiayi County">Chiayi County</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:120px; top:214px"><a href="/wiki/Chiayi" title="Chiayi">Chiayi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:99px; top:262px"><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:123px; top:286px"><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:129px; top:346px"><a href="/wiki/Pingtung_County" title="Pingtung County">Pingtung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:100px"><a href="/wiki/Yilan_County,_Taiwan" title="Yilan County, Taiwan">Yilan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:199px"><a href="/wiki/Hualien_County" title="Hualien County">Hualien</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:186px; top:277px"><a href="/wiki/Taitung_County" title="Taitung County">Taitung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan Province</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:24px; top:127px"><a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:15px; top:55px"><a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Lienchiang (Matsu)</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:15px; top:10px"><a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">Fuchien Province</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:24px; top:166px"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:24px; top:331px"><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234px; top:4px"><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:42px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Pescadores_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pescadores Channel">Pescadores Channel</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:183px; top:397px"><a href="/wiki/Bashi_Channel" title="Bashi Channel">Bashi Channel</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234px; top:277px"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">(Pacific Ocean)</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Free area</a><a href="#cite_note-448">[i]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland area</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[ii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#f5c3c4"><a href="/wiki/Special_municipality_(Taiwan)" title="Special municipality (Taiwan)">Special municipalities</a><a href="#cite_note-a-450">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-451">[iii]</a> </td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan#History" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Provinces</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[iv]</a> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:#ececec">Not administered<a href="#cite_note-453">[v]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#e3edc3"><a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">Counties</a><a href="#cite_note-a-450">[α]</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ceb2cd"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Taiwan)" title="Provincial city (Taiwan)">Autonomous municipalities</a><a href="#cite_note-a-450">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[vi]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="16%"><a href="/wiki/District_(Taiwan)" title="District (Taiwan)">Districts</a><a href="#cite_note-b-455">[β]</a> </td> <td width="16%"><a href="/wiki/District_(Taiwan)" title="District (Taiwan)">Mountain indigenous districts</a><a href="#cite_note-a-450">[α]</a> </td> <td width="16%"><a href="/wiki/County-administered_city" title="County-administered city">County- administered cities</a><a href="#cite_note-a-450">[α]</a> </td> <td width="16%"><a href="/wiki/Township_(Taiwan)" title="Township (Taiwan)">Townships</a><a href="#cite_note-a-450">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-b-455">[β]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[vii]</a> </td> <td width="16%"><a href="/wiki/District_(Taiwan)" title="District (Taiwan)">Districts</a><a href="#cite_note-b-455">[β]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Taiwan)" title="Village (Taiwan)">Villages</a><a href="#cite_note-457">[γ]</a><a href="#cite_note-458">[viii]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Neighborhoods </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-450">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a_450-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_450-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_450-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_450-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_450-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_450-5">f</a> Has an elected executive and an elected legislative council. </li> <li id="cite_note-b-455">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_455-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_455-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_455-2">c</a> Has an appointed district administrator for managing local affairs and carrying out tasks commissioned by superior agency. </li> <li id="cite_note-457"><a href="#cite_ref-457">^</a> Has an elected village administrator for managing local affairs and carrying out tasks commissioned by superior agency. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Taiwan" title="Economic history of Taiwan">Economic history of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_Down_(250260941).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Taipei 101 tower against a blue sky." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sun_Down_%28250260941%29.jpeg/170px-Sun_Down_%28250260941%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sun_Down_%28250260941%29.jpeg/255px-Sun_Down_%28250260941%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sun_Down_%28250260941%29.jpeg/340px-Sun_Down_%28250260941%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taipei_101" title="Taipei 101">Taipei 101</a> held the world record for the highest skyscraper from 2004 to 2010.</figcaption></figure> The quick industrialization and rapid growth of Taiwan during the latter half of the 20th century has been called the "<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Miracle" title="Taiwan Miracle">Taiwan Miracle</a>". Taiwan is one of the "<a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a>" alongside Hong Kong, South Korea and Singapore. As of October 2022, Taiwan is the 21st largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">economy in the world by nominal GDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOTW-459">[428]</a> Since 2001, agriculture constituted less than 2 percent of GDP, down from 32 percent in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-460">[429]</a> Unlike its neighbors, South Korea and Japan, the Taiwanese economy is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized enterprises</a>, rather than the large business groups.<a href="#cite_note-461">[430]</a> Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being moved offshore and with more capital and technology-intensive industries replacing them. <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan#Science_and_industrial_parks" title="Economy of Taiwan">High-technology science parks</a> have sprung up in Taiwan. Today Taiwan has a dynamic, <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalist</a>, export-driven economy with gradually decreasing state involvement in investment and foreign trade. In keeping with this trend, some large government-owned banks and industrial firms are being <a href="/wiki/Privatized" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatized">privatized</a>.<a href="#cite_note-462">[431]</a> Exports have provided the primary impetus for industrialization. The trade surplus is substantial, and Taiwan remained one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves" title="List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves">world's largest forex reserve holders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-463">[432]</a> Taiwan's total trade in 2022 reached US$907 billion. Both exports and imports for the year reached record levels, totaling US$479.52 billion and US$427.60 billion, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-464">[433]</a> China, United States and Japan are Taiwan's three largest trading partners, accounting for over 40 percent of total trade.<a href="#cite_note-BoFT-465">[434]</a> Since the beginning of the 1990s, economic ties between Taiwan and China have been extensive. In 2002, China surpassed the United States to become Taiwan's largest export market for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-466">[435]</a> China is also the most important target of outward <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-467">[436]</a> From 1991 to 2022, more than US$200 billion have been invested in China by Taiwanese companies.<a href="#cite_note-468">[437]</a> China hosts around 4,200 Taiwanese enterprises and over 240,000 Taiwanese work in China.<a href="#cite_note-469">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-470">[439]</a> Although the economy of Taiwan benefits from this situation, some have expressed the view that the island has become increasingly dependent on the mainland Chinese economy.<a href="#cite_note-471">[440]</a> Others argue that close economic ties between Taiwan and mainland China would make any military intervention by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">PLA</a> against Taiwan very costly, and therefore less probable.<a href="#cite_note-472">[441]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TSMC_Fab5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/TSMC_Fab5.JPG/220px-TSMC_Fab5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/TSMC_Fab5.JPG/330px-TSMC_Fab5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/TSMC_Fab5.JPG/440px-TSMC_Fab5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/TSMC" title="TSMC">TSMC</a> fab 5 located in <a href="/wiki/Hsinchu_Science_Park" title="Hsinchu Science Park">Hsinchu Science Park</a></figcaption></figure> Since the 1980s, a number of Taiwan-based technology firms have expanded their reach around the world.<a href="#cite_note-473">[442]</a> Taiwan is a key player in the supply chain for advanced <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">chips</a>. Taiwan's rise in the key semiconductor industry was largely attributed to <a href="/wiki/TSMC" title="TSMC">Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.</a> (TSMC) and <a href="/wiki/United_Microelectronics_Corporation" title="United Microelectronics Corporation">United Microelectronic Corporation</a> (UMC).<a href="#cite_note-474">[443]</a> TSMC was founded 21 February 1987 and as of December 2021 its <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> equated to roughly 90% of Taiwan's GDP.<a href="#cite_note-475">[444]</a> The company is the 9th largest in the world by market capitalization<a href="#cite_note-476">[445]</a> as well as the world's biggest semiconductor manufacturing company, surpassing <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Semiconductor_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung Semiconductor Inc.">Samsung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-477">[446]</a> UMC, another major company in Taiwan's high-tech exports and global semiconductors, competes with the American <a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a>, and others, for less advanced semiconductor processes and for silicon wafers.<a href="#cite_note-478">[447]</a> Other well-known international technology companies headquartered in Taiwan include personal computer manufacturers <a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer Inc.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a>, as well as electronics manufacturing giant <a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-479">[448]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Taiwan" title="Transportation in Taiwan">Transportation in Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg/220px-China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg/330px-China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg/440px-China_Airlines_Lineup_TPE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/China_Airlines" title="China Airlines">China Airlines</a> aircraft lineup at <a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_International_Airport" title="Taoyuan International Airport">Taoyuan International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transportation_and_Communications_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Taiwan)">Ministry of Transportation and Communications</a> of Taiwan is the cabinet-level governing body of the transport network in Taiwan. Civilian transport in Taiwan is characterized by extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">scooters</a>. In March 2019, 13.86 million were registered, twice that of cars.<a href="#cite_note-480">[449]</a> Both highways and railways are concentrated near the coasts, where the majority of the population resides, with 1,619 km (1,006 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">motorway</a>. Railways in Taiwan are primarily used for passenger services, with <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Railways_Administration" title="Taiwan Railways Administration">Taiwan Railways Administration</a> (TRA) operating a circular route around the island and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail" title="Taiwan High Speed Rail">Taiwan High Speed Rail</a> (THSR) running high speed services on the west coast. Urban transit systems include <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Metro" title="Taipei Metro">Taipei Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_Metro" title="Kaohsiung Metro">Kaohsiung Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_Metro" title="Taoyuan Metro">Taoyuan Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_Metro" title="New Taipei Metro">New Taipei Metro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taichung_Metro" title="Taichung Metro">Taichung Metro</a>. Major airports include <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Taoyuan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport">Taiwan Taoyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_International_Airport" title="Kaohsiung International Airport">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Songshan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Songshan Airport">Taipei Songshan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taichung_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taichung Airport">Taichung</a>. There are currently seven Taiwanese passenger airlines, with the largest two being <a href="/wiki/China_Airlines" title="China Airlines">China Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/EVA_Air" title="EVA Air">EVA Air</a>. There are seven international seaports: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Keelung" title="Port of Keelung">Keelung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Taipei" title="Port of Taipei">Taipei</a>, Suao, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Taichung" title="Port of Taichung">Taichung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Kaohsiung" title="Port of Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Anping" title="Port of Anping">Anping</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hualien" title="Port of Hualien">Hualien</a>.<a href="#cite_note-481">[450]</a> The Port of Kaohsiung handled the largest volume of cargo in Taiwan, with about 440 million shipping tonnes, which accounted for 58.6% of Taiwan's total throughput in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-482">[451]</a> The shipping tonnage followed by Taichung (18.6%), Taipei (12%) and Keelung (8.7%). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Taiwan" title="Demographics of Taiwan">Demographics of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_population_density_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Taiwan_population_density_map.svg/220px-Taiwan_population_density_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Taiwan_population_density_map.svg/330px-Taiwan_population_density_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Taiwan_population_density_map.svg/440px-Taiwan_population_density_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1982" /></a><figcaption>Population density map of Taiwan (residents per square kilometer)</figcaption></figure> Taiwan has a population of about 23.4 million,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEExec._Yuan201436-483">[452]</a> most of whom are on the island of Taiwan. The remainder live on the outlying islands of Penghu (101,758), Kinmen (127,723), and Matsu (12,506).<a href="#cite_note-taiwan-popstat-484">[453]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities_and_counties">Largest cities and counties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Taiwan" title="List of cities in Taiwan">List of cities in Taiwan</a></div> The figures below are the March 2019 estimates for the twenty most populous administrative divisions; a different ranking exists when considering the total <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Taiwan#Metropolitan_areas_in_Taiwan" title="List of metropolitan areas in Taiwan">metropolitan area populations</a> (in such rankings the <a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei-Keelung metro area</a> is by far the largest agglomeration). The figures reflect the number of household registrations in each city, which may differ from the number of actual residents. <table style="max-width:100%; min-width:50em"> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities and special municipalities in Taiwan <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346">source</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Taiwan" title="List of cities in Taiwan">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Taiwan">Division</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Taipei"><img alt="New Taipei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Fu_Jen_Catholic_University_Hospital_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="1807" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">New Taipei</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Taichung_skyline.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Taichung"><img alt="Taichung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Taichung_skyline.png/120px-Taichung_skyline.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Taichung_skyline.png/180px-Taichung_skyline.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Taichung_skyline.png/240px-Taichung_skyline.png 2x" data-file-width="1901" data-file-height="1157" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">New Taipei</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,000,164 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaohsiung"><img alt="Kaohsiung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg/120px-Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg/180px-Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg/240px-Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taipei"><img alt="Taipei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg/120px-Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg/180px-Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg/240px-Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4484" data-file-height="2989" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taichung_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Taichung City">Taichung City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,809,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaohsiung City">Kaohsiung City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,773,229 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taipei_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei City">Taipei City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,661,317 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Taoyuan City">Taoyuan City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,230,653 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tainan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tainan City">Tainan City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,883,078 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hsinchu" title="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hsinchu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsinchu City">Hsinchu City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">446,701 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Keelung_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Keelung City">Keelung City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">369,820 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chiayi" title="Chiayi">Chiayi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chiayi_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiayi City">Chiayi City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">268,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Changhua" title="Changhua">Changhua</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Changhua_County" title="Changhua County">Changhua County</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">232,505 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Han Taiwanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plains_indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains indigenous peoples">Plains indigenous peoples</a></div> The ROC government reports that 95 percent of the population is ethnically <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-485">[454]</a> There are also 2.4 percent indigenous <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> peoples and 2.6 percent new immigrants primarily from China and Southeast Asia.<a href="#cite_note-486">[455]</a> Most <a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Han Taiwanese</a> are descended from the <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo people</a>, native to the coastal regions of southern <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a>, native to eastern <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>. Hoklo and Hakka migrants arrived in large numbers during the 17th and 18th century. Descendants of Hoklo now compose approximately 70 percent of Taiwan's population.<a href="#cite_note-cia-factbook-21">[14]</a> Descendants of Hakka make up about 15 percent of the population. Another minority group, called <a href="/wiki/Waishengren" title="Waishengren">waishengren</a>, comprises those who arrived from China during the 1940s or are descended from them.<a href="#cite_note-487">[456]</a> Genetic studies indicate that the Hoklo and Hakka people are a mixture between Austronesians and Han people.<a href="#cite_note-488">[457]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Indigenous peoples">Taiwanese Indigenous peoples</a> number about 584,000, and the government recognises 16 groups.<a href="#cite_note-489">[458]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Amis_people" title="Amis people">Ami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atayal_people" title="Atayal people">Atayal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunun_people" title="Bunun people">Bunun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanakanavu_people" title="Kanakanavu people">Kanakanavu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kavalan_people" title="Kavalan people">Kavalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paiwan_people" title="Paiwan people">Paiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puyuma_people" title="Puyuma people">Puyuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rukai_people" title="Rukai people">Rukai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saisiyat_people" title="Saisiyat people">Saisiyat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saaroa_people" title="Saaroa people">Saaroa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakizaya_people" title="Sakizaya people">Sakizaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sediq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sediq people">Sediq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thao_people" title="Thao people">Thao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truku_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Truku people">Truku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsou_people" title="Tsou people">Tsou</a> live mostly in the eastern half of the island, while the <a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a> inhabit <a href="/wiki/Orchid_Island" title="Orchid Island">Orchid Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-490">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-491">[460]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Languages of Taiwan">Languages of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg/280px-Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg/420px-Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg/560px-Map_of_the_most_commonly_used_home_language_in_Taiwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Most commonly used home language in each area, darker in proportion to the lead over the next most common:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> or Min Nan</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka Chinese</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a></div></figcaption></figure> The Republic of China does not have any legally designated <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a> is the primary language used in business and education, and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a> is used as the writing system.<a href="#cite_note-yb-languages-492">[461]</a> Around 70% of Taiwan's population belong to the <a href="/wiki/Hoklo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoklo">Hoklo</a> ethnic group and are native speakers of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a>.<a href="#cite_note-493">[462]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hakka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka">Hakka</a> group, comprising some 14–18 percent of the population, speak <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a>. Although Mandarin is the language of instruction in schools and dominates television and radio, non-Mandarin <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese varieties</a> have undergone a revival in public life in Taiwan, particularly since restrictions on their use were lifted in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-yb-languages-492">[461]</a> <a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> are spoken primarily by the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. They do not belong to the Chinese or Sino-Tibetan language family, but to the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian language family</a>, and are written in the <a href="/wiki/Writing_systems_of_Formosan_languages" title="Writing systems of Formosan languages">Latin alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-494">[463]</a> Their use among aboriginal minority groups has been in decline as usage of Mandarin has risen.<a href="#cite_note-yb-languages-492">[461]</a> Of the 14 extant languages, five are considered <a href="/wiki/Moribund_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moribund language">moribund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-495">[464]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese" title="Written vernacular Chinese">written vernacular Chinese</a> had replaced <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a> and emerged as the mainstream <a href="/wiki/Written_vernacular_Chinese" title="Written vernacular Chinese">written Chinese</a> in the Republic of China. Classical Chinese continued to be widely used in government documents until reforms in the 1970s to shift the written style to a more integrated vernacular Chinese and Classical Chinese style (文白合一行文).<a href="#cite_note-496">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-497">[466]</a> On 1 January 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> also changed its long-standing convention on the <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">direction of writing</a> in official documents from vertical to horizontal. Standalone Classical Chinese is occasionally used in formal or ceremonial occasions, such as religious or cultural rites. The <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="National Anthem of the Republic of China">National Anthem of the Republic of China</a> (中華民國國歌), for example, is in Classical Chinese. Most official <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Taiwan" title="Law of Taiwan">legal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Justice (Taiwan)">judiciary</a> documents, as well as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of China">courts rulings</a> use a combined vernacular Chinese and Classical Chinese style.<a href="#cite_note-498">[467]</a> As many legal documents are still written in Classical Chinese, which is not easily understood by the general public, a group of Taiwanese have launched the Legal Vernacular Movement, hoping to bring more vernacular Chinese into the legal writings of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-499">[468]</a> Taiwan is officially multilingual. A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sign_Language" title="Taiwan Sign Language">Taiwan Sign Language</a>".<a href="#cite_note-natLangAct-12">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Religion in Taiwan</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:GreenYellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:DodgerBlue; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 262.14865391968px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 36.002215309576px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:80.901699437495px 58.778525229247px 0 0; border-top-color:Crimson"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Crimson"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 243.58297171766px 100px 0; border-right-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Estimated religious composition in 2020:<a href="#cite_note-Pew_religion_stats-20">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>) (43.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Buddhists</a> (21.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (including <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoists</a>) (15.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unaffiliated (13.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Christians (5.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Taiwan" title="Islam in Taiwan">Muslims</a> (1%)</div> </div> </div></div> The Constitution of the Republic of China protects people's <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> and the practices of belief.<a href="#cite_note-500">[469]</a><a href="#cite_note-501">[470]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">The government respects freedom of religion</a>, and Taiwan scores highly on the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Democracy_and_Electoral_Assistance" title="International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance">International IDEA</a>'s Global State of Democracy Indices for religious freedom.<a href="#cite_note-502">[471]</a> In 2005, the census reported that the five largest religions were: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-religion-503">[472]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research</a>, the religious composition of Taiwan in 2020<a href="#cite_note-504">[473]</a> is estimated to be 43.8 percent <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religions</a>, 21.2 percent <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Buddhist</a>, 15.5 Others (including <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>), 13.7 percent Unaffiliated, 5.8 percent Christian and 1% Muslim. Taiwanese aborigines comprise a notable subgroup among professing Christians.<a href="#cite_note-505">[474]</a> There has been a small <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Taiwan" title="Islam in Taiwan">Muslim</a> community of <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui people</a> in Taiwan since the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-506">[475]</a> <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> serves as the foundation of both <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Taiwanese culture</a>. The majority of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese people</a> usually combine the secular moral teachings of Confucianism with whatever religions they are affiliated with. As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 15,175 <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">religious buildings</a> in Taiwan, approximately one <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">place of worship</a> per 1,572 residents. 12,279 temples were dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Buddhism</a>. There were 9,684 <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> Temples and 2,317 <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Buddhist</a> Temples.<a href="#cite_note-表23各宗教教務概況-507">[476]</a> For <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, there are 2,845 Churches.<a href="#cite_note-表23各宗教教務概況-507">[476]</a> On average, there is one temple or church (church) or religious building for every square kilometer. The density of religions and religious buildings in Taiwan is among the highest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-508">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-509">[478]</a> A significant percentage of the population is non-religious. Taiwan's lack of state-sanctioned discrimination, and generally high regard for freedom of religion or belief earned it a joint #1 ranking in the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Thought_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Thought Report">Freedom of Thought Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-510">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-511">[480]</a> On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_migrant_worker" title="Indonesian migrant worker">Indonesian migrant worker</a> community in Taiwan (estimated to total 258,084 people) has experienced religious restrictions by local employers or the government.<a href="#cite_note-512">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-513">[482]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">Education in Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Taiwan" title="History of education in Taiwan">History of education in Taiwan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Scholarships_in_Taiwan" title="Scholarships in Taiwan">Scholarships in Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan#Science" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy of Taiwan § Science</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG/220px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG/330px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG/440px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%96%80.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The gate of <a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a>, which is widely considered to be the most prestigious university in Taiwan<a href="#cite_note-514">[483]</a></figcaption></figure> Taiwan is well known for adhering to the Confucian paradigm of valuing education as a means to improve one's socioeconomic position in society.<a href="#cite_note-515">[484]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-516">[485]</a> Heavy investment and a cultural valuing of education has made the resource-poor nation to be consistently ranked to the top of global education rankings. Taiwan is one of the top-performing countries in reading literacy, mathematics and sciences. In 2015, Taiwanese students achieved one of the world's best results in mathematics, science and literacy, as tested by the <a href="/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a> (PISA), with the average student scoring 519, compared with the OECD average of 493, placing it seventh in the world.<a href="#cite_note-517">[486]</a><a href="#cite_note-518">[487]</a><a href="#cite_note-519">[488]</a> The Taiwanese education system has been praised for its comparatively high test results and its major role in promoting Taiwan's economic development while creating one of the world's most highly educated workforces.<a href="#cite_note-520">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-521">[490]</a> Taiwan has also been praised for its high university entrance rate where the university acceptance rate has increased from around 20 percent before the 1980s to 49 percent in 1996 and over 95 percent since 2008, among the highest in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-522">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-523">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-524">[493]</a> The nation's high university entrance rate has created a highly skilled workforce making Taiwan one of the most highly educated countries in the world with 68.5 percent of Taiwanese high school students going on to attend university.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-525">[494]</a> Taiwan has a high percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree where 45 percent of Taiwanese aged 25–64 hold a bachelor's degree or higher compared with the average of 33 percent among member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).<a href="#cite_note-auto-524">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-526">[495]</a> On the other hand, the education system has been criticized for placing excessive pressure on students while eschewing creativity and producing an excess supply of overeducated university graduates. Many graduates consequently face unemployment or <a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">underemployment</a> due to a lack of graduate-level jobs.<a href="#cite_note-527">[496]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-516">[485]</a> Taiwan's universities have also been under criticism for not being able to fully meet the requirements and demands of Taiwan's 21st-century fast-moving labor market, citing a skills mismatch among a large number of self-assessed, overeducated graduates who do not fit the demands of the modern Taiwanese labor market.<a href="#cite_note-528">[497]</a> The Taiwanese government has been criticized for failing to adequately address this discrepancy in labor supply and demand.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-522">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-529">[498]</a> As the Taiwanese economy is largely science and technology based, the labor market demands people who have achieved some form of higher education, particularly related to science and engineering to gain a competitive edge when searching for employment. Although current Taiwanese law mandates only nine years of schooling, 95 percent of junior high graduates go on to attend a senior vocational high school, university, junior college, trade school, or other higher education institution.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-525">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-530">[499]</a> Many Taiwanese students attend <a href="/wiki/Cram_schools#Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cram schools">cram schools</a>, or buxiban, to improve skills and knowledge on problem solving against exams.<a href="#cite_note-531">[500]</a><a href="#cite_note-532">[501]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Made_in_China_2025" title="Made in China 2025">Made in China 2025</a> was announced in 2015, aggressive campaigns to recruit Taiwanese chip industry talent to support its mandates resulted in the loss of more than 3,000 chip engineers to mainland China,<a href="#cite_note-Nikkei-533">[502]</a> and raised concerns of a "<a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a>" in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-534">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-535">[504]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> in Taiwan was 99.03 percent.<a href="#cite_note-536">[505]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Taiwan" title="Healthcare in Taiwan">Healthcare in Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg/220px-Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg/330px-Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg/440px-Taipei_Taiwan_National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3410" data-file-height="3869" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_University_Hospital" title="National Taiwan University Hospital">National Taiwan University Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> The current <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare system">healthcare system</a>, known as National Health Insurance (NHI), was instituted in 1995. NHI is a <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">single-payer</a> compulsory social insurance plan that centralizes the disbursement of healthcare funds. The system promises equal access to healthcare for all citizens, and the population coverage had reached 99 percent by the end of 2004.<a href="#cite_note-537">[506]</a> NHI is mainly financed through premiums, which are based on the payroll tax, and is supplemented with out-of-pocket co-payments and direct government funding.<a href="#cite_note-538">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-539">[508]</a><a href="#cite_note-540">[509]</a> Low-income families, veterans, centenarians, children under three, and catastrophic diseases are exempt from co-payments. Co-pays are reduced for disabled and low-income households maintain 100 percent premium coverage. Early in the program, the payment system was predominantly <a href="/wiki/Fee-for-service" title="Fee-for-service">fee-for-service</a>. Most health providers operate in the private sector and form a competitive market on the health delivery side. However, many healthcare providers took advantage of the system by offering unnecessary services. In the face of increasing loss and the need for cost containment, NHI changed the payment system from fee-for-service to a global budget, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Prospective_payment_system" title="Prospective payment system">prospective payment system</a>, in 2002. The implementation of universal healthcare created fewer <a href="/wiki/Health_disparities" class="mw-redirect" title="Health disparities">health disparities</a> for lower-income citizens in Taiwan. According to a recently published survey, out of 3,360 patients surveyed at a randomly chosen hospital, 75.1 percent of the patients said they are "very satisfied" with the hospital service; 20.5 percent said they are "okay" with the service. Only 4.4 percent of the patients said they are either "not satisfied" or "very not satisfied" with the service or care provided.<a href="#cite_note-541">[510]</a> The Taiwanese disease control authority is the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (CDC). During the <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a> outbreak in March 2003 there were 347 confirmed cases. During the outbreak the CDC and local governments set up monitoring stations throughout public transportation, recreational sites and other public areas. With full containment in July 2003, there has not been a case of SARS since.<a href="#cite_note-542">[511]</a> Owing to the lessons from SARS, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Health_Command_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Health Command Center (page does not exist)">National Health Command Center</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_de_commandement_national_de_la_sant%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Centre de commandement national de la santé">fr</a>] was established in 2004, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (CECC). The CECC has played a central role in Taiwan's approach to epidemics, including <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">COVID-19</a>. In 2019, the infant mortality rate was 4.2 deaths per 1,000 live births, with 20 physicians and 71 hospital beds per 10,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-543">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-544">[513]</a> Life expectancy at birth in 2020 is 77.5 years and 83.9 years for males and females, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-545">[514]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Culture of Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_Taiwan" title="Cultural history of Taiwan">Cultural history of Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Renaissance" title="Chinese Cultural Renaissance">Chinese Cultural Renaissance</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_wave" title="Taiwanese wave">Taiwanese wave</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG/220px-Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG/330px-Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG/440px-Taiwanese_aborigines.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2977" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amis_people" title="Amis people">Amis people</a> of Taiwan performing a traditional dance</figcaption></figure> The cultures of Taiwan are a hybrid blend from various sources, incorporating elements of the majority <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">traditional Chinese culture</a>, aboriginal cultures, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Japanese cultural influence</a>, traditional Confucianist beliefs, and increasingly, <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western values</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">martial law period</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> promoted an official <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">traditional Chinese culture</a> over Taiwan in order to emphasize that the Republic of China represents the true orthodoxy to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Culture">Chinese Culture</a> as opposed to <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">Communist China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-546">[515]</a> The government launched what's known as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Renaissance" title="Chinese Cultural Renaissance">Chinese Cultural Renaissance</a> movement in Taiwan in opposition to the cultural destructions caused by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist Party</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>. The General Assembly of Chinese Culture was established to help promote Chinese culture in Taiwan and overseas. It was <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s first structured plan for cultural development on Taiwan. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Renaissance" title="Chinese Cultural Renaissance">Chinese Cultural Renaissance</a> movement in Taiwan had led to some aspects of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Culture">Chinese Culture</a> being better preserved there than in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, for example the continued use of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a>. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> can be found in the behavior of <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese people</a>, known for their friendliness and politeness.<a href="#cite_note-547">[516]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg/220px-201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg/330px-201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg/440px-201402_%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2_%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a> is an institute dedicated to the organization, care, and display of ancient Chinese artifacts and works of art.</figcaption></figure> The lifting of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">martial law</a> ushered a period of <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratization</a> whereby <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Speech">Freedom of Speech and Expression</a> led to a flourishing <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_literature" title="Taiwanese literature">Taiwanese literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Taiwan" title="Mass media in Taiwan">mass media in Taiwan</a>. The Taiwanese Constitution protects "speech, teaching, writing and publication."<a href="#cite_note-548">[517]</a> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">Democracy Index</a> ranked Taiwan as having the second highest <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Asia" title="Democracy in Asia">democracy score in Asia</a> and Australasia.<a href="#cite_note-549">[518]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> has ranked Taiwan the second freest place in Asia<a href="#cite_note-550">[519]</a><a href="#cite_note-551">[520]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Civicus" title="Civicus">CIVICUS</a> rated Taiwan and New Zealand as the only "open" countries in the Asia-Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-552">[521]</a><a href="#cite_note-553">[522]</a> In the aftermath of China gaining control of Hong Kong and restricting freedom of speech and protest, 36,789 Hong Kong residents moved to Taiwan from 2019 to 2022, an average of about 9,000 immigrants per year. In 2018, Taiwan only had 4,000 Hong Kong immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-554">[523]</a> Reflecting the continuing controversy surrounding the political status of Taiwan, politics continues to play a role in the conception and development of a Taiwanese cultural identity, especially in its relationship to Chinese culture.<a href="#cite_note-555">[524]</a> In recent years, the concept of Taiwanese <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> has been proposed as a relatively apolitical alternative view, which has allowed for the inclusion of mainlanders and other minority groups into the continuing re-definition of Taiwanese culture as collectively held systems of meaning and customary patterns of thought and behavior shared by the people of Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-556">[525]</a> <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a>, along with the over one hundred years of political separation from mainland China, has led to distinct traditions in many areas, including <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">music</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">Music of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwanese art</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Recentism plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section appears to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">slanted towards recent events</a>. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan&action=edit">add more content</a> related to non-recent events. (June 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Teresa_Teng_la.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Teresa Teng smiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Teresa_Teng_la.jpg/134px-Teresa_Teng_la.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Teresa_Teng_la.jpg/201px-Teresa_Teng_la.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Teresa_Teng_la.jpg/268px-Teresa_Teng_la.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1152" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:200px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_(9788660355)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jay Chou performing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_%289788660355%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_%289788660355%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_%289788660355%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_%289788660355%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_%289788660355%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Jay_Chou_Opus_Tour_Hong_Kong_2013_IMG_2355w_%289788660355%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1233" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Teng" title="Teresa Teng">Teresa Teng</a> (left) is widely recognized as a cultural icon for her contributions to Chinese pop, and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Chou" title="Jay Chou">Jay Chou</a> (right) has been a leading figure in the <a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> industry for several decades.</div></div></div></div> Acclaimed classical musicians include violinist <a href="/wiki/Cho-Liang_Lin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cho-Liang Lin">Cho-Liang Lin</a>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Ching-Yun_Hu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ching-Yun Hu">Ching-Yun Hu</a>, and the Lincoln Center Chamber Music Society artist director <a href="/wiki/Wu_Han_(pianist)" title="Wu Han (pianist)">Wu Han</a>. Other musicians include <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Teng" title="Teresa Teng">Teresa Teng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Chou" title="Jay Chou">Jay Chou</a> and groups such as <a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Taiwanese_band)" title="Mayday (Taiwanese band)">Mayday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Chthonic_(band)" title="Chthonic (band)">Chthonic</a>, led by singer <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Lim" title="Freddy Lim">Freddy Lim</a>, which has been referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a> of Asia".<a href="#cite_note-557">[526]</a><a href="#cite_note-558">[527]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwanese films</a> have won various international awards at film festivals around the world. <a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a>, a Taiwanese director, has directed critically acclaimed films such as: <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eat_Drink_Man_Woman" title="Eat Drink Man Woman">Eat Drink Man Woman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a>; <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Lust,_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a>. Other famous Taiwanese directors include <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ming-liang" title="Tsai Ming-liang">Tsai Ming-liang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Yang" title="Edward Yang">Edward Yang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hou_Hsiao-hsien" title="Hou Hsiao-hsien">Hou Hsiao-hsien</a>. Taiwan has hosted the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horse_Film_Festival_and_Awards" title="Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards">Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards</a> since 1962. The <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a> houses more than 650,000 pieces of Chinese bronze, jade, calligraphy, painting, and porcelain and is considered one of the greatest collections of Chinese art and objects in the world.<a href="#cite_note-559">[528]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">Karaoke</a> is extremely popular in Taiwan, where it is known as KTV.<a href="#cite_note-560">[529]</a> KTV businesses operate in a hotel-like style, renting out small rooms and ballrooms according to the number of guests. Many KTV establishments partner with restaurants and buffets to form all-encompassing and elaborate evening affairs. Tour busses that travel around Taiwan have several TVs, primarily for singing karaoke. Taiwan has a high density of 24-hour convenience stores, which provide services on behalf of financial institutions or government agencies, such as collection of parking fees, utility bills, traffic fines, and credit card payments.<a href="#cite_note-561">[530]</a> Chains such as <a href="/wiki/FamilyMart" title="FamilyMart">FamilyMart</a> provide clothing laundry services in select stores,<a href="#cite_note-562">[531]</a> and tickets for <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Railways_Administration" title="Taiwan Railways Administration">TRA</a> and THSR are available at <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a>, FamilyMart, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi-Life_(convenience_store)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hi-Life (convenience store) (page does not exist)">Hi-Life</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE%E5%AF%8C" class="extiw" title="zh:萊爾富">zh</a>] and <a href="/w/index.php?title=OK_(convenience_store)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OK (convenience store) (page does not exist)">OK</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK%E8%B6%85%E5%95%86" class="extiw" title="zh:OK超商">zh</a>].<a href="#cite_note-563">[532]</a><a href="#cite_note-564">[533]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese cuisine</a></div> Taiwanese culinary history is murky and is intricately tied to patterns of migration and colonization. Local and international Taiwanese cuisine, including its history, is a politically contentious topic. Famous Taiwanese dishes include <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_beef_noodle_soup" title="Taiwanese beef noodle soup">Taiwanese beef noodle soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gua_bao" class="mw-redirect" title="Gua bao">Gua bao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zongzi" title="Zongzi">Zongzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khong_bah_png" class="mw-redirect" title="Khong bah png">Khong bah png</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_fried_chicken" title="Taiwanese fried chicken">Taiwanese fried chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster_vermicelli" title="Oyster vermicelli">oyster vermicelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanbeiji" title="Sanbeiji">Sanbeiji</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aiyu_jelly" title="Aiyu jelly">Aiyu jelly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eater_2019-565">[534]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bubble_tea" title="Bubble tea">Bubble tea</a>, created in Taiwan in the 1980s, has now become popular globally.<a href="#cite_note-566">[535]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> called <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_night_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese night markets">Taiwanese night markets</a> the "best street food markets in the world".<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_2014-567">[536]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a> began reviewing restaurants in Taiwan in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-568">[537]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Taiwan" title="Sport in Taiwan">Sport in Taiwan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sporting_events_in_Taiwan" title="List of sporting events in Taiwan">List of sporting events in Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg/220px-11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg/330px-11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg/440px-11.27_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A7%80%E8%B3%9E%E3%80%8C2021%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%81%B7%E6%A3%92%E7%B8%BD%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E8%B3%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%88%B0%E3%80%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a> (CPBL) is the top-tier professional baseball league in Taiwan.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> is commonly considered Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a> and is a popular spectator sport.<a href="#cite_note-569">[538]</a> The men's team won medals across all levels of baseball in 2022, including the <a href="/wiki/2021_U-12_Baseball_World_Cup" title="2021 U-12 Baseball World Cup">U-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_U-15_Baseball_World_Cup" title="2022 U-15 Baseball World Cup">U-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_U-18_Baseball_World_Cup" title="2022 U-18 Baseball World Cup">U-18</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_U-23_Baseball_World_Cup" title="2022 U-23 Baseball World Cup">U-23</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2022_Baseball5_World_Cup" title="2022 Baseball5 World Cup">Baseball5</a> competitions, the only team to do so in baseball history.<a href="#cite_note-570">[539]</a> The results made <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_national_baseball_team" title="Chinese Taipei national baseball team">Taiwan's national baseball team</a> one of the top-ranked teams in the <a href="/wiki/WBSC_World_Rankings" title="WBSC World Rankings">WBSC World Rankings</a>. <a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional baseball in Taiwan">Professional baseball in Taiwan</a> started with the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a> (CPBL) in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-571">[540]</a> As of 2024, the CPBL has six teams, with an average attendance of over 7,000 per game.<a href="#cite_note-572">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-573">[542]</a> Some elite players signed with overseas professional teams in the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) or the <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> (NPB). There have been seventeen <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Taiwan" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan">Taiwanese MLB players</a> as of the 2024 MLB season, including former pitchers <a href="/wiki/Chien-Ming_Wang" title="Chien-Ming Wang">Chien-Ming Wang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wei-Yin_Chen" title="Wei-Yin Chen">Wei-Yin Chen</a>. As for variations of baseball, Taiwan also has a strong women's <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> team. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_women%27s_national_softball_team" title="Chinese Taipei women's national softball team">Chinese Taipei women's national softball team</a> won a bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2022_World_Games" title="Softball at the 2022 World Games">2022 World Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-574">[543]</a> <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> is Taiwan's other major sport.<a href="#cite_note-575">[544]</a> The <a href="/wiki/P._League%2B" title="P. League+">P. League+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Professional_Basketball_League" title="Taiwan Professional Basketball League">Taiwan Professional Basketball League</a> are the country's two professional basketball leagues.<a href="#cite_note-576">[545]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Semi-professional_sports" title="Semi-professional sports">semi-professional</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_Basketball_League" title="Super Basketball League">Super Basketball League</a> (SBL) has also been in play since 2003.<a href="#cite_note-577">[546]</a> Other team sports include <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>. Taiwan is also a major competitor in <a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">korfball</a>.<a href="#cite_note-578">[547]</a> Taiwan participates in international sporting organizations and events under the name of "Chinese Taipei". Taiwan has hosted several <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport_event" title="Multi-sport event">multi-sport events</a> in the past, including the <a href="/wiki/2009_World_Games" title="2009 World Games">2009 World Games</a> in Kaohsiung and the <a href="/wiki/2009_Summer_Deaflympics" title="2009 Summer Deaflympics">2009 Summer Deaflympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/2017_Summer_Universiade" title="2017 Summer Universiade">2017 Summer Universiade</a> in Taipei.<a href="#cite_note-579">[548]</a> Taipei and New Taipei City will host the <a href="/wiki/2025_Summer_World_Masters_Games" title="2025 Summer World Masters Games">2025 Summer World Masters Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-580">[549]</a> Hualien will host the 2026 <a href="/wiki/International_Children%27s_Games" title="International Children's Games">International Children's Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-581">[550]</a> Other major recurring events held by Taiwan include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Marathon" title="Taipei Marathon">Taipei Marathon</a> (marathon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City_Wan_Jin_Shi_Marathon" title="New Taipei City Wan Jin Shi Marathon">New Taipei City Wan Jin Shi Marathon</a> (marathon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Open_(badminton)" title="Taipei Open (badminton)">Taipei Open</a> (badminton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-12_Baseball_World_Cup" title="U-12 Baseball World Cup">U-12 Baseball World Cup</a> (baseball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jones_Cup" title="William Jones Cup">William Jones Cup</a> (basketball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Taiwan" title="Tour de Taiwan">Tour de Taiwan</a> (road bicycle racing)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg/220px-Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg/330px-Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg/440px-Tai_Tzu-ying_at_2022_Taipei_Open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="1672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tzu-ying" title="Tai Tzu-ying">Tai Tzu-ying</a> spent the most weeks as the world number 1 women's singles player in <a href="/wiki/BWF_World_Ranking" title="BWF World Ranking">BWF World Ranking</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a> was introduced to Taiwan in 1966 for military training and has become a mature and successful <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sport</a> in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-582">[551]</a> The first two Olympic gold medals won by Taiwanese athletes belong to the sport. In the <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-hsin" title="Chen Shih-hsin">Chen Shih-hsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chu_Mu-yen" title="Chu Mu-yen">Chu Mu-yen</a> won gold medals in the women's flyweight event and the men's flyweight event, respectively. Subsequent taekwondo competitors have strengthened Taiwan's taekwondo culture. There are many outstanding Taiwanese players at other individual sports, such as <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>. Taiwan's strength in badminton is demonstrated by <a href="/wiki/Tai_Tzu-ying" title="Tai Tzu-ying">Tai Tzu-ying</a>, who spent most weeks as world No. 1 women's singles player in <a href="/wiki/BWF_World_Ranking" title="BWF World Ranking">BWF World Ranking</a>, and her compatriots in the <a href="/wiki/BWF_World_Tour" title="BWF World Tour">BWF World Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-583">[552]</a><a href="#cite_note-584">[553]</a> Taiwan also has a long history of strong international presence in table tennis. Six-time Olympian <a href="/wiki/Chuang_Chih-yuan" title="Chuang Chih-yuan">Chuang Chih-yuan</a> made the most appearances at the Olympic Games among Taiwanese athletes.<a href="#cite_note-585">[554]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yani_Tseng" title="Yani Tseng">Yani Tseng</a> is the youngest golf player ever, male or female, to win five <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_major_golf_championships" title="Women's major golf championships">major championships</a> and was ranked number 1 in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Golf_Rankings" title="Women's World Golf Rankings">Women's World Golf Rankings</a> for 109 consecutive weeks from 2011 to 2013.<a href="#cite_note-586">[555]</a><a href="#cite_note-587">[556]</a><a href="#cite_note-588">[557]</a> In tennis, <a href="/wiki/Hsieh_Su-wei" title="Hsieh Su-wei">Hsieh Su-wei</a> is the country's most successful female tennis player.<a href="#cite_note-589">[558]</a><a href="#cite_note-590">[559]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calendar">Calendar</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Republic of China calendar</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Taiwan" title="Public holidays in Taiwan">Public holidays in Taiwan</a></div> The standard <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> is used for most purposes. The year is often denoted by the Minguo <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">era system</a> which starts in 1912, the year the ROC was founded. 2024 is year 113 Minguo (民國113年). The <a href="/wiki/Calendar_date#Gregorian,_year–month–day_(YMD)" title="Calendar date">East Asian date format</a> is used in Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-591">[560]</a> Prior to standardization in 1929, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a> was officially used. It is a <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar calendar system</a> which remains in use for traditional festivals such as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Lunar New Year</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lantern_Festival" title="Lantern Festival">Lantern Festival</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival" title="Dragon Boat Festival">Dragon Boat Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-592">[561]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Taiwan-related_articles" title="Index of Taiwan-related articles">Index of Taiwan-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Taiwan" title="Outline of Taiwan">Outline of Taiwan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> is the official seat of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">government of the Republic of China</a> although the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a> does not specify the de jure capital.<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a> as the standard <a href="/wiki/Variety_of_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety of Chinese">variety of Chinese</a><a href="#cite_note-推動雙語國家政策問題研析-5">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernacular Chinese">Vernacular Chinese</a> (used in most occasions) <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a> (used in formal or ceremonial occasions, religious or cultural rites, official documents, legal and court rulings and judiciary documents)<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sign_Language" title="Taiwan Sign Language">Taiwan Sign Language</a>".<a href="#cite_note-natLangAct-12">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nat-lang-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nat-lang_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nat-lang_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nat-lang_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nat-lang_14-3">d</a> Not designated but meets legal definition. </li> <li id="cite_note-var-hok-15"><a href="#cite_ref-var-hok_15-0">^</a> Colloquially known as "Taiwanese", it is considered a variety of <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Mixed indigenous-Han ancestry is included in the figure for Han. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> While the <a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">tricameral parliament</a> continues to exist de jure, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">National Assembly</a> (electoral college) was de facto suspended in 2005 and the <a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a> (upper house) ceased to be a parliamentary chamber de facto in 1993 leaving the Legislative Yuan (lower house) as the de facto unicameral chamber. </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-1-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDI-1_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDI-1_30-1">b</a> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Report" title="Human Development Report">HDI annual report</a> compiled by the <a href="/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">UNDP</a> does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.<a href="#cite_note-61">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Budget,_Accounting_and_Statistics" title="Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics">Taiwan's Statistical Bureau</a> calculated its HDI for 2021 to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,<a href="#cite_note-62">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[47]</a> which would place Taiwan at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.<a href="#cite_note-HDI_2021-31">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[48]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROC_territory-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ROC_territory_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ROC_territory_37-1">b</a> There are four contemporary geopolitical definitions of the extent of "Taiwan": <div><ol><li>The common name referring to the state, also known as the "Republic of China" (ROC), including <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">all 168 islands administered by the ROC</a>, collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Area" title="Taiwan Area">Taiwan Area</a>;<a href="#cite_note-34">[24]</a></li><li>The traditional Taiwan region (本島地區), which consists of the main island of Taiwan and its surrounding islands, including the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghu islands">Penghu islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-35">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[26]</a> but excludes <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wuqiu,_Kinmen" title="Wuqiu, Kinmen">Wuqiu</a>, those are traditionally parts of <a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">Fujian Province</a>, and also excluding the ROC-controlled <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea_Islands" title="South China Sea Islands">South China Sea Islands</a>;</li><li>The traditional region without Penghu, which is sometimes regarded as a separate region;</li><li>The main island of Taiwan (Formosa) alone, excluding all the offshore islands nearby.</li></ol></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> See <a href="#Etymology">etymology</a> below. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Bellwood's definition: "Island Southeast Asia includes Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei and the Sarawak and Sabah provinces of East Malaysia (northern Borneo), and all of the islands of Indonesia to the west of New Guinea." </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Robert Blust: "The major western island groups include the great Indonesian, or Malay Archipelago, to its north the smaller and more compact Philippine Archipelago, and still further north at 22 to 25 degrees north latitude and some 150 kilometres from the coast of China, the island of Taiwan (Formosa). Together these island groups constitute insular (or island) Southeast Asia." </li> <li id="cite_note-Southeast_Asia-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Southeast_Asia_43-0">^</a> Despite the conventional definition to include Taiwan as part of East Asia, there is some variability as to whether Taiwan is also included in the region of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>. Some scholars, such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bellwood" title="Peter Bellwood">Peter Bellwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blust" title="Robert Blust">Robert Blust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bellwood_2017-40">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[k]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[l]</a> include Taiwan as part of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> in their definition. </li> <li id="cite_note-Taiwan_Islands-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taiwan_Islands_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taiwan_Islands_54-1">b</a> According to official data from <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> and local governments of Taiwan, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Area" title="Taiwan Area">Taiwan Area</a> consists of total 168 naturally occurring islands. <div><ol><li>Taiwan (Formosa) and its offshore islands (22)<a href="#cite_note-TWN-gov-44">[29]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Penghu_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghu Islands">Penghu Islands</a> (90)<a href="#cite_note-Penghu1-45">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Penghu2-46">[31]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Wuqiu,_Kinmen" title="Wuqiu, Kinmen">Wuqiu</a> (17)<a href="#cite_note-Kinmen1-47">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kinmen2-48">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kinmen3-49">[34]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu Islands</a> (36)<a href="#cite_note-Matsu1-50">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matsu2-51">[36]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pratas_Island" title="Pratas Island">Pratas Island</a> (1) <a href="#cite_note-lungtsunni-52">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-USStateDept-53">[38]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands" title="Spratly Islands">Spratly Islands</a> (2, <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Island" title="Taiping Island">Taiping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhongzhou_Reef" title="Zhongzhou Reef">Zhongzhou</a>)</li></ol></div> Note: The <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands</a> (known as "Diaoyu" or "Diaoyutai" in standard Chinese), which are an archipelago of 8 islands and islets in the East China Sea, are controlled by Japan, and are <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands_dispute" title="Senkaku Islands dispute">disputed</a> by the ROC and the PRC (People's Republic of China) as being a part of Taiwan. Japan administers the Senkaku Islands as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Although this is the present meaning of guó, in <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a> (when its pronunciation was something like /*qʷˤək/)<a href="#cite_note-bs-86">[70]</a> it meant the walled city of the Chinese and the areas they could control from them.<a href="#cite_note-wilx-87">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Its use is attested from the sixth-century <a href="/wiki/Classic_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic of History">Classic of History</a>, which states "<a href="/wiki/Tian_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian (god)">Huangtian</a> bestowed the lands and the peoples of the central state to the ancestors" (皇天既付中國民越厥疆土于先王).<a href="#cite_note-89">[72]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> Interpretations on whether sovereignty was transferred to the ROC varies. ROC took control of Taiwan under <a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._1" title="General Order No. 1">General Order No. 1</a>, on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a>. Taiwan was simultaneously established as a <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC province</a>, though opinions differed among the Allies on the unilateral announcement of annexation of Taiwn by the ROC. Japan later renounced its claims to Taiwan and the Pescadores in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> in 1952; see <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_Day" title="Retrocession Day">Retrocession Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Undetermined_Status_of_Taiwan" title="Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan">Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">1943 Cairo Declaration</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-448"><a href="#cite_ref-448">^</a> Also known as the Taiwan area or Tai–Min area (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 臺閩地區; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Taiwan–Fujian area') </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a> The mainland area consists of Mainland China, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and (previously) <a href="/wiki/Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-451"><a href="#cite_ref-451">^</a> Special municipalities, cities, and county-administered cities are all called shi (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 市; <abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'city') </li> <li id="cite_note-452"><a href="#cite_ref-452">^</a> Nominal; provincial governments have been abolished </li> <li id="cite_note-453"><a href="#cite_ref-453">^</a> Constitutionally having the same structure as the free area, these are currently under the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> control with a different structure </li> <li id="cite_note-454"><a href="#cite_ref-454">^</a> Sometimes called cities (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 市) or provincial cities (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 省轄市) to distinguish them from special municipalities and county-administered cities </li> <li id="cite_note-456"><a href="#cite_ref-456">^</a> There are two types of townships: rural townships or xīang (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 鄉) and urban townships or zhèn (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 鎮) </li> <li id="cite_note-458"><a href="#cite_ref-458">^</a> Villages in rural townships are known as cūn (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 村), those in other jurisdictions are known as lǐ (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 里) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Words_in_native_languages">Words in native languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-word1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-word1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-word1_1-1">b</a> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese script</a>: 中華民國</li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: Zhōnghuá Mínguó</li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a>: Tiong-hûa Bîn-kok</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a> Hakka: Chûng-fà Mìn-koet</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-word2-33"><a href="#cite_ref-word2_33-0">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese script</a>: 臺灣 or 台灣</li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: Táiwān</li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a>: Tâi-uân</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a> Hakka: Tǒi-vǎn</li><li><a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a>: Taywan</li><li><a href="/wiki/Paiwan_language" title="Paiwan language">Paiwan</a>: Taiwan</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese script</a>: 驅除韃虜, 恢復中華, 創立民國, 平均地權</li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: Qūchú dálǔ, huīfù Zhōnghuá, chuànglì mínguó, píngjūn dì quán</li></ul></div> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2">"Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理敎科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: "Location of the Central Government""</a>. 4 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191101013333/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2019.</cite><span 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Percentage Share of Disposable Income by Quintile Group of Households and Income Inequality Indices"</a>. Statistical Bureau. 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Retrieved 11 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E6%83%85%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E9%80%9A%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC+195+%E8%99%9F%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Directorate+General+of+Budget%2C+Accounting+and+Statistics%2C+Executive+Yuan%2C+Taiwan+%28ROC%29&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fws.dgbas.gov.tw%2FDownload.ashx%3Fu%3DLzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMC9yZWxmaWxlLzExMDIwLzIyOTU5MS9iNDdhNmYyYy1jNjY2LTRjZDAtYmQ2Ni03OGEyYjMwMmM4MzkucGRm%26n%3DTjExMTEwMTQucGRm%26icon%3D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brussels38.icann.org/meetings/brussels2010/transcript-board-25jun10-en.txt">"ICANN Board Meeting Minutes"</a>. ICANN. 25 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707121158/http://brussels38.icann.org/meetings/brussels2010/transcript-board-25jun10-en.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICANN+Board+Meeting+Minutes&rft.pub=ICANN&rft.date=2010-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrussels38.icann.org%2Fmeetings%2Fbrussels2010%2Ftranscript-board-25jun10-en.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=4F2E0C155DF44564&sms=2C46F5E37DC2E1D2&s=1403D3EA1BC2B0B9">"Laws and Regulations Regarding Mainland Affairs"</a>. mac.gov.tw. <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>. 17 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928131802/https://www.mac.gov.tw/EN/News_Content.aspx?n=4F2E0C155DF44564&sms=2C46F5E37DC2E1D2&s=1403D3EA1BC2B0B9">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021. <q>Article 2: The following terms as used in this Act are defined below. 1. "Taiwan Area" refers to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and any other area under the effective control of the Government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mac.gov.tw&rft.atitle=Laws+and+Regulations+Regarding+Mainland+Affairs&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac.gov.tw%2Fen%2FNews_Content.aspx%3Fn%3D4F2E0C155DF44564%26sms%3D2C46F5E37DC2E1D2%26s%3D1403D3EA1BC2B0B9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/">"Taiwan Relations Act"</a>. ait.org.tw. <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_in_Taiwan" title="American Institute in Taiwan">American Institute in Taiwan</a>. 30 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819023930/https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022. <q>...Section. 15. For purposes of this Act- 2. the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores (Penghu).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ait.org.tw&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Relations+Act&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ait.org.tw%2Ftaiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=6">"Geography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209094056/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=6">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022. <q>Penghu locates on the Taiwan Strait between China and Taiwan in Asia. It is the only island county of Taiwan... The utmost west isle (of Penghu) is also the utmost west boundary of Taiwan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography&rft.pub=Penghu+County+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penghu.gov.tw%2Fen%2Fhome.jsp%3Fid%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKort2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kort" title="Michael Kort">Kort, Michael</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7">The Handbook Of East Asia</a>. Lerner Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7613-2672-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7613-2672-4"><bdi>978-0-7613-2672-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 June 2022. <q>South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+Of+East+Asia&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Lerner+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7613-2672-4&rft.aulast=Kort&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofeastas0000kort%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFell2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dafydd_Fell" title="Dafydd Fell">Fell, Dafydd</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hHDwAAQBAJ">Government and Politics in Taiwan</a>. Routledge. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-28506-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-28506-9"><bdi>978-1-317-28506-9</bdi></a>. <q>Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+and+Politics+in+Taiwan&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-317-28506-9&rft.aulast=Fell&rft.aufirst=Dafydd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di8hHDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Campbell, Matthew (7 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-07/china-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election">"China's Next Crisis Brews in Taiwan's Upcoming Election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>. No. 4642. pp. 34–39. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141419/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-07/china-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020. <q>Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=China%27s+Next+Crisis+Brews+in+Taiwan%27s+Upcoming+Election&rft.issue=4642&rft.pages=34-39&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2020-01-07%2Fchina-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarolan2000" class="citation journal cs1">Carolan, Christopher (May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf">"The "Republic of Taiwan": Legal-Historical Justification for a Taiwanese Declaration of Independence"</a> (PDF). New York University Law Review. 75 (2): 429–468. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325205204/https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022. <q>These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+University+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+%22Republic+of+Taiwan%22%3A+Legal-Historical+Justification+for+a+Taiwanese+Declaration+of+Independence&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=429-468&rft.date=2000-05&rft.aulast=Carolan&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyulawreview.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F08%2FNYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZagoria2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Zagoria" title="Donald S. Zagoria">Zagoria, Donald S.</a> (30 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J6lzCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68">Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 68–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-05755-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-05755-7"><bdi>978-0-313-05755-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1058389524">1058389524</a>. <q>Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+the+China-Taiwan+Impasse&rft.pages=68-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003-10-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1058389524&rft.isbn=978-0-313-05755-7&rft.aulast=Zagoria&rft.aufirst=Donald+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ6lzCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellwood_2017-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Bellwood_2017_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellwood2017" class="citation book cs1">Bellwood, Peter S. (2017). First islanders: prehistory and human migration in Island Southeast Asia (First ed.). Wiley Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119251552" title="Special:BookSources/9781119251552"><bdi>9781119251552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+islanders%3A+prehistory+and+human+migration+in+Island+Southeast+Asia&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781119251552&rft.aulast=Bellwood&rft.aufirst=Peter+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TWN-gov-44"><a href="#cite_ref-TWN-gov_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/4447F4A951A1EC45/094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4">"國情簡介-土地"</a> [Country profile-Territories] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005302/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/4447F4A951A1EC45/094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2022. <q>臺灣本島及其21個附屬島嶼面積共3萬5886.8623平方公里。</q> [The main island of Taiwan and its 21 associated islands have a total area of 35,886.8623 square kilometers.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E6%83%85%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B-%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0&rft.pub=Executive+Yuan&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ey.gov.tw%2Fstate%2F4447F4A951A1EC45%2F094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penghu1-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Penghu1_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=13">"Measure of the area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211228213800/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=13">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Measure+of+the+area&rft.pub=Penghu+County+Government&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penghu.gov.tw%2Fen%2Fhome.jsp%3Fid%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penghu2-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Penghu2_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw/application/record/island">"澎湖縣各行政區域島嶼簡介"</a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/Kun_Shan_University" title="Kun Shan University">Kun Shan University</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701020851/http://phcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw/application/record/island">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. <q>澎湖群島原為64個島嶼組成，經2005年澎湖縣政府重新進行澎湖群島島嶼數量清查，係由90座大小島嶼所組成。</q> [The Penghu Archipelago was conventionally considered to comprise 64 islands. In 2005, the Penghu County Government re-scrutinized the total number of islands in the archipelago, which consists of 90 islands of varying sizes.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%B8%A3%E5%90%84%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B&rft.pub=Kun+Shan+University&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw%2Fapplication%2Frecord%2Fisland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinmen1-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Kinmen1_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL1JlbEZpbGUvNTU2Ni81MzQzLzAwMTU0ODlfNC5wZGY%3D&n=Mi7ph5HploDnuKPnrKzlm5vmnJ8oMTA0LTEwN%2BW5tCnpm6Lls7bntpzlkIjlu7roqK3lr6bmlr3mlrnmoYgo5qC45a6a5pysKS5wZGY%3D&icon=..pdf">"自然環境"</a> [Natural Environment] (PDF). 金門縣第四期（104–107年）離島綜合建設實施方案 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Council_(Taiwan)" title="National Development Council (Taiwan)">National Development Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>: 44. 23 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319085829/https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL1JlbEZpbGUvNTU2Ni81MzQzLzAwMTU0ODlfNC5wZGY%3D&n=Mi7ph5HploDnuKPnrKzlm5vmnJ8oMTA0LTEwN%2BW5tCnpm6Lls7bntpzlkIjlu7roqK3lr6bmlr3mlrnmoYgo5qC45a6a5pysKS5wZGY%3D&icon=..pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022. <q>金門縣總面積151平方公里，除大金門本島外，尚包括小金門、大膽、二膽、東碇、北碇等17個島嶼。西距廈門外港約10海浬，東距臺灣約150海浬，為一典型大陸型島嶼。</q> [The total area of Kinmen County is 151 square kilometers. In addition to the main island of Kinmen, the county also includes <a href="/wiki/Lieyu" title="Lieyu">Xiaokinmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dadan_Island" title="Dadan Island">Dadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erdan_Island" title="Erdan Island">Erdan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dongding_Island" title="Dongding Island">Dongding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beiding_Island" title="Beiding Island">Beiding</a> for a total of 17 islands. It is about 10 nautical miles away from the Port of <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a> to the west and 150 nautical miles away from Taiwan to the east. It is a typical continental island.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E7%B8%A3%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F%EF%BC%88104%E2%80%93107%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%BD%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83&rft.pages=44&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fws.ndc.gov.tw%2FDownload.ashx%3Fu%3DLzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL1JlbEZpbGUvNTU2Ni81MzQzLzAwMTU0ODlfNC5wZGY%253D%26n%3DMi7ph5HploDnuKPnrKzlm5vmnJ8oMTA0LTEwN%252BW5tCnpm6Lls7bntpzlkIjlu7roqK3lr6bmlr3mlrnmoYgo5qC45a6a5pysKS5wZGY%253D%26icon%3D..pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinmen2-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Kinmen2_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kinmen.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=22D15C7FFDA4350D#Section_2">"About Kinmen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kinmen_County_Government" title="Kinmen County Government">Kinmen County Government</a>. 8 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302025937/https://www.kinmen.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=22D15C7FFDA4350D">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Kinmen&rft.pub=Kinmen+County+Government&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinmen.gov.tw%2Fen%2Fcp.aspx%3Fn%3D22D15C7FFDA4350D%23Section_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinmen3-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Kinmen3_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/bitstream/20.500.12235/85379/4/000904.pdf">"金門的地理與歷史概說"</a> [The overview of geography and history of Kinmen] (PDF). 第四章金門的地理、歷史與總體經濟分析 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/National_Taiwan_Normal_University" title="National Taiwan Normal University">National Taiwan Normal University</a>: 131–134. 20 February 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220325205250/http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/bitstream/20.500.12235/85379/4/000904.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%AB%A0+%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E3%80%81%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%88%87%E7%B8%BD%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.atitle=%E9%87%91%E9%96%80%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%88%87%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%A6%82%E8%AA%AA&rft.pages=131-134&rft.date=2006-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw%2Fbitstream%2F20.500.12235%2F85379%2F4%2F000904.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matsu1-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Matsu1_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Plopsky2017" class="citation web cs1">Guy Plopsky (22 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/taiwans-cold-war-fortresses/">"Taiwan's Cold War Fortresses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223933/https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/taiwans-cold-war-fortresses/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan%27s+Cold+War+Fortresses&rft.pub=The+Diplomat&rft.date=2017-02-22&rft.au=Guy+Plopsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2017%2F02%2Ftaiwans-cold-war-fortresses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matsu2-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Matsu2_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://board.matsu.idv.tw/board_view.php?board=138&pid=69202&link=69202&start=42">"連江縣志地理志"</a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 馬祖資訊網. 12 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319085822/http://board.matsu.idv.tw/board_view.php?board=138&pid=69202&link=69202&start=42">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022. <q>馬祖列島所涵括的36座島嶼分屬四鄉，各鄉除了包括有聚落發展的較大島嶼外，還轄有數座無人島礁。</q> [Matsu islands encompass 36 Islands which are divided into four townships. In addition to the larger islands with inhabitants, each township also has numerous uninhabited islands and reefs]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%80%A3%E6%B1%9F%E7%B8%A3%E5%BF%97+%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BF%97&rft.pub=%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboard.matsu.idv.tw%2Fboard_view.php%3Fboard%3D138%26pid%3D69202%26link%3D69202%26start%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lungtsunni-52"><a href="#cite_ref-lungtsunni_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLung_Tsun-Ni_(龍村倪)1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lung Tsun-Ni (龍村倪) (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022327/http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/np/vc/theme/pratas/"><bdi lang="zh">東沙群島-東沙島紀事集錦</bdi></a> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:臺灣綜合研究院">臺灣綜合研究院</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/957-98189-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/957-98189-0-8"><bdi>957-98189-0-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/np/vc/theme/pratas/">the original</a> on 30 January 2009. <q>東沙島為東沙群島唯一島嶼</q> [Pratas Island is the only island in the Pratas Islands]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%B1%E6%B2%99%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6-%E6%9D%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B3%B6%E7%B4%80%E4%BA%8B%E9%9B%86%E9%8C%A6&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=957-98189-0-8&rft.au=Lung+Tsun-Ni+%28%E9%BE%8D%E6%9D%91%E5%80%AA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvm.nthu.edu.tw%2Fnp%2Fvc%2Ftheme%2Fpratas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USStateDept-53"><a href="#cite_ref-USStateDept_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf">"Limits in the Seas – No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims"</a> (PDF). United States Department of State. 15 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715092100/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2020. <q>The Pratas Reef lies 230 miles to the southwest of the southern tip of Taiwan. It consists of an island in the mouth of a semicircular shoal open to the west.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limits+in+the+Seas+%E2%80%93+No.+127+Taiwan%27s+Maritime+Claims&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=2005-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F57674.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDC2021-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NDC2021_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NDC2021_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNTYwNy83MzEvMDAxOTgyMy5wZGY%3D&n=RWNvbm9taWMgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgUi5PLkMgKFRhaXdhbikoMjAxMykucGRm&icon=..pdf.">Economic Development R.O.C (Taiwan)</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Council_(Taiwan)" title="National Development Council (Taiwan)">National Development Council (Taiwan)</a>. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107005317/https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNTYwNy83MzEvMDAxOTgyMy5wZGY%3D&n=RWNvbm9taWMgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgUi5PLkMgKFRhaXdhbikoMjAxMykucGRm&icon=..pdf.">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Economic+Development+R.O.C+%28Taiwan%29&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=National+Development+Council+%28Taiwan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fws.ndc.gov.tw%2FDownload.ashx%3Fu%3DLzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNTYwNy83MzEvMDAxOTgyMy5wZGY%253D%26n%3DRWNvbm9taWMgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgUi5PLkMgKFRhaXdhbikoMjAxMykucGRm%26icon%3D..pdf.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGold1985-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGold1985_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGold1985">Gold (1985)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-57"><a href="#cite_ref-wb_57-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519">World Bank Country and Lending Groups</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111190936/https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519">Archived</a> 11 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Retrieved 10 July 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-qq-58"><a href="#cite_ref-qq_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421023851/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/pdf/text.pdf">"IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p. 148"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/pdf/text.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMF+Advanced+Economies+List.+World+Economic+Outlook%2C+April+2016%2C+p.+148&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2016%2F01%2Fpdf%2Ftext.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeoni_Everington2024" class="citation web cs1">Keoni Everington (1 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/5105364">"Taiwan rated 2nd freest in Asia by Freedom House, 7th in world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_News" title="Taiwan News">Taiwan News</a>. Retrieved 15 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=Taiwan+rated+2nd+freest+in+Asia+by+Freedom+House%2C+7th+in+world&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.au=Keoni+Everington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fnews%2F5105364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaoChengCheng2008" class="citation journal cs1">Yao, Grace; Cheng, Yen-Pi; Cheng, Chiao-Pi (5 November 2008). "The Quality of Life in Taiwan". <a href="/wiki/Social_Indicators_Research" title="Social Indicators Research">Social Indicators Research</a>. 92 (2): 377–404. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11205-008-9353-1">10.1007/s11205-008-9353-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144780750">144780750</a>. <q>a second place ranking in the 2000 Economist's world healthcare ranking</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Indicators+Research&rft.atitle=The+Quality+of+Life+in+Taiwan&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=377-404&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11205-008-9353-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144780750%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Yen-Pi&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Chiao-Pi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-report-2020-readers-guide">"Human Development Report 2020: Reader's Guide"</a>. United Nation Development Program. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416000749/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-report-2020-readers-guide">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2020%3A+Reader%27s+Guide&rft.pub=United+Nation+Development+Program&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fhuman-development-report-2020-readers-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/1513164433IGBKG0IN.pdf">"What is the human development index (HDI)? 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/eyimc/ebook/SB/statistcs-brief_opf_files/pdfs/statistcs-brief__.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%28Human+Development+Index%2C+HDI%29&rft.pub=Directorate+General+of+Budget%2C+Accounting+and+Statistics%2C+Executive+Yuan%2C+Taiwan+%28ROC%29&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwin.dgbas.gov.tw%2Feyimc%2Febook%2FSB%2Fstatistcs-brief_opf_files%2Fpdfs%2Fstatistcs-brief__.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=25280&ctNode=6032&mp=5">"National Statistics, Republic of China (Taiwan)"</a>. Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC). 14 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221016192219/https://eng.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=25280&ctNode=6032&mp=5">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Statistics%2C+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.pub=Directorate+General+of+Budget%2C+Accounting+and+Statistics%2C+Executive+Yuan%2C+Taiwan+%28ROC%29&rft.date=2022-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.stat.gov.tw%2Fct.asp%3FxItem%3D25280%26ctNode%3D6032%26mp%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton2021" class="citation news cs1">Horton, Chris (9 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2021/11/china-taiwan-democracy/620647/">"The World Is Fed Up With China's Belligerence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109114720/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2021/11/china-taiwan-democracy/620647/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+World+Is+Fed+Up+With+China%27s+Belligerence&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2021%2F11%2Fchina-taiwan-democracy%2F620647%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-woo21-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-woo21_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-woo21_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2021" class="citation news cs1">Wood, Richard (27 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9news.com.au/world/china-taiwan-tensions-explainer-what-is-behind-long-running-dispute/04749e94-19c6-4dc2-9482-1061bde59e87">"What is behind the China-Taiwan dispute?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nine_News" title="Nine News">Nine News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127050127/https://www.9news.com.au/world/china-taiwan-tensions-explainer-what-is-behind-long-running-dispute/04749e94-19c6-4dc2-9482-1061bde59e87">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021. <q>Experts agree a direct conflict is unlikely, but as the future of self-ruled Taiwan increasingly becomes a powder keg, a mishap or miscalculation could lead to confrontation while Chinese and American ambitions are at odds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nine+News&rft.atitle=What+is+behind+the+China-Taiwan+dispute%3F&rft.date=2021-11-27&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.9news.com.au%2Fworld%2Fchina-taiwan-tensions-explainer-what-is-behind-long-running-dispute%2F04749e94-19c6-4dc2-9482-1061bde59e87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan_Cheung2021" class="citation news cs1">Han Cheung (25 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/04/25/2003756299">"Taiwan in Time: The 'communist rebellion' finally ends"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022130449/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/04/25/2003756299">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2021. <q>...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+in+Time%3A+The+%27communist+rebellion%27+finally+ends&rft.date=2021-04-25&rft.au=Han+Cheung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2021%2F04%2F25%2F2003756299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap2024-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ap2024_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ap2024_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nauru-switches-diplomatic-recognition-taiwan-china-106372382">"Nauru switches diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China"</a>. ABC News. Associated Press. 15 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115110223/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nauru-switches-diplomatic-recognition-taiwan-china-106372382">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Nauru+switches+diplomatic+recognition+from+Taiwan+to+China&rft.date=2024-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fnauru-switches-diplomatic-recognition-taiwan-china-106372382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFell2006" class="citation book cs1">Fell, Dafydd (2006). Party Politics in Taiwan. Routledge. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-24021-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-24021-0"><bdi>978-1-134-24021-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Politics+in+Taiwan&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-24021-0&rft.aulast=Fell&rft.aufirst=Dafydd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchenWang2017" class="citation book cs1">Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (2017). "The Taiwan Voter: An Introduction". In Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (eds.). The Taiwan Voter. University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fmpub.9375036">10.3998/mpub.9375036</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-07353-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-07353-5"><bdi>978-0-472-07353-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Taiwan+Voter%3A+An+Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Taiwan+Voter&rft.pages=1-25&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fmpub.9375036&rft.isbn=978-0-472-07353-5&rft.aulast=Achen&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rft.au=Wang%2C+T.+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964166-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964166_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson1964">Thompson (1964)</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964163-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964163_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson1964">Thompson (1964)</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-yb:history-73"><a href="#cite_ref-yb:history_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514004941/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/docs/ch03.pdf">"Chapter 3: History"</a> (PDF). The Republic of China Yearbook 2011. Government Information Office, Republic of China (Taiwan). 2011. p. 46. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/docs/ch03.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+History&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+China+Yearbook+2011&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Government+Information+Office%2C+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gio.gov.tw%2Ftaiwan-website%2F5-gp%2Fyearbook%2Fdocs%2Fch03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414002106/http://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/02.htm">"Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/02.htm">the original</a> on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Palace+Museum&rft.atitle=Ilha+Formosa%3A+the+Emergence+of+Taiwan+on+the+World+Scene+in+the+17th+Century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npm.gov.tw%2Fexhbition%2Fformosa%2Fenglish%2F02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson190310-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson190310_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1903">Davidson (1903)</a>, p. 10: "A Dutch navigating officer named <a href="/wiki/Jan_Huyghen_van_Linschoten" title="Jan Huyghen van Linschoten">Linschotten [sic]</a>, employed by the Portuguese, so recorded the island in his charts, and eventually the name of Formosa, so euphonious and yet appropriate, replaced all others in European literature." </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> see for example: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1915" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_(missionary)" title="William Campbell (missionary)">Campbell, William</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sketchesfromtaiw00camprich#page/278/mode/2up">Sketches from Formosa</a>. Marshall Brothers. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7051071M">7051071M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sketches+from+Formosa&rft.pub=Marshall+Brothers&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7051071M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsketchesfromtaiw00camprich%23page%2F278%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCampbell1903">Campbell (1903)</a></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFDavidson1903">Davidson (1903)</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964178-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964178_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson1964">Thompson 1964</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-chendi-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chendi_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chendi_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenco2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jenco, Leigh K. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X1900061X">"Chen Di's Record of Formosa (1603) and an Alternative Chinese Imaginary of Otherness"</a>. The Historical Journal. 64: 17–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X1900061X">10.1017/S0018246X1900061X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Chen+Di%27s+Record+of+Formosa+%281603%29+and+an+Alternative+Chinese+Imaginary+of+Otherness&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=17-42&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X1900061X&rft.aulast=Jenco&rft.aufirst=Leigh+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0018246X1900061X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=007_103_000069&lang=chn">"閩海贈言"</a>. National Central Library (in Chinese). pp. 21–29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328161738/https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=007_103_000069&lang=chn">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Central+Library&rft.atitle=%E9%96%A9%E6%B5%B7%E8%B4%88%E8%A8%80&rft.pages=21-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftm.ncl.edu.tw%2Farticle%3Fu%3D007_103_000069%26lang%3Dchn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValentijn190352-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValentijn190352_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFValentijn1903">Valentijn (1903)</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mair-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Mair_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMair2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victor_H._Mair" title="Victor H. Mair">Mair, Victor H.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html">"How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language"</a>. Pīnyīn.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213183153/http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2018. <q>The true derivation of the name "Taiwan" is actually from the ethnonym of a tribe in the southwest part of the island in the area around Ping'an. As early as 1636, a Dutch missionary referred to this group as Taiouwang. From the name of the tribe, the Portuguese called the area around Ping'an as Tayowan, Taiyowan, Tyovon, Teijoan, Toyouan, and so forth. Indeed, already in his ship's log of 1622, the Dutchman Cornelis Reijersen referred to the area as Teijoan and Taiyowan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C4%ABny%C4%ABn.info&rft.atitle=How+to+Forget+Your+Mother+Tongue+and+Remember+Your+National+Language&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Mair&rft.aufirst=Victor+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpinyin.info%2Freadings%2Fmair%2Ftaiwanese.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-蔡玉仙等編-82"><a href="#cite_ref-蔡玉仙等編_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF蔡玉仙2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">蔡玉仙; et al., eds. (2007). <bdi lang="zh">府城文史</bdi> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Tainan_City_Government" title="Tainan City Government">Tainan City Government</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-00-9434-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-00-9434-3"><bdi>978-986-00-9434-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B2&rft.pub=Tainan+City+Government&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-986-00-9434-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-石守謙主編-83"><a href="#cite_ref-石守謙主編_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShih_Shou-chien2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Shih_Shou-chien" title="Shih Shou-chien">Shih Shou-chien</a>, ed. (2003). <bdi lang="zh">福爾摩沙 : 十七世紀的臺灣、荷蘭與東亞</bdi> [Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century] (in Chinese). Taipei: National Palace Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-562-441-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-562-441-5"><bdi>978-957-562-441-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99+%3A+%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9A%84%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E3%80%81%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%88%87%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=National+Palace+Museum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-957-562-441-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKato2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kato, Mitsutaka (2007) [1940]. <bdi lang="zh">昨日府城明星台南: 發現日治下的老臺南</bdi> (in Chinese). Translated by 黃秉珩. 臺南市文化資產保護協會. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-28079-9-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-28079-9-6"><bdi>978-957-28079-9-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%98%A8%E6%97%A5%E5%BA%9C%E5%9F%8E+%E6%98%8E%E6%98%9F%E5%8F%B0%E5%8D%97%3A+%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%80%81%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-957-28079-9-6&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.aufirst=Mitsutaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oosterhoff-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oosterhoff_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oosterhoff_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oosterhoff_85-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOosterhoff1985" class="citation book cs1">Oosterhoff, J.L. (1985). "Zeelandia, a Dutch colonial city on Formosa (1624–1662)". In Ross, Robert; Telkamp, Gerard J. (eds.). Colonial Cities: Essays on Urbanism in a Colonial Context. Springer. pp. 51–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-247-2635-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-247-2635-6"><bdi>978-90-247-2635-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zeelandia%2C+a+Dutch+colonial+city+on+Formosa+%281624%E2%80%931662%29&rft.btitle=Colonial+Cities%3A+Essays+on+Urbanism+in+a+Colonial+Context&rft.pages=51-62&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-90-247-2635-6&rft.aulast=Oosterhoff&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bs-86"><a href="#cite_ref-bs_86-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese" title="Reconstructions of Old Chinese">Baxter-Sagart</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-wilx-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wilx_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wilx_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2000" class="citation cs2">Wilkinson, Endymion (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnrQq0bsPYC">Chinese History: A Manual</a>, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph No. 52, Harvard University Asia Center, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnrQq0bsPYC&pg=PA132">132</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00249-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00249-4"><bdi>978-0-674-00249-4</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404183907/https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnrQq0bsPYC">archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2024, retrieved 25 July 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+History%3A+A+Manual&rft.series=Harvard-Yenching+Institute+Monograph+No.+52&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00249-4&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DERnrQq0bsPYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="s:zh:尚書">《尚書》</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8/%E6%A2%93%E6%9D%90" class="extiw" title="s:zh:尚書/梓材">梓材</a>. (in Chinese) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarver1997" class="citation book cs1">Garver, John W. (April 1997). The Sino-American Alliance: Nationalist China and American Cold War Strategy in Asia. M.E. Sharp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0025-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0025-7"><bdi>978-0-7656-0025-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sino-American+Alliance%3A+Nationalist+China+and+American+Cold+War+Strategy+in+Asia&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharp&rft.date=1997-04&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0025-7&rft.aulast=Garver&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_中文網2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">BBC 中文網 (29 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm">"論壇：台總統府網頁加注"台灣""</a> [Forum: Adding "Taiwan" to the website of Taiwan's Presidential Office] (in Traditional Chinese). BBC 中文網. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612230950/http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2007. <q>台總統府公共事務室陳文宗上周六（7月30日）表示，外界人士易把中華民國（Republic of China），誤認為對岸的中國，造成困擾和不便。公共事務室指出，為了明確區別，決定自周六起於中文繁體、简化字的總統府網站中，在「中華民國」之後，以括弧加注「臺灣」。[Chen Wen-tsong, Public Affairs Office of Taiwan's Presidential Office, stated last Saturday (30 July) that outsiders tend to mistake the Chung-hua Min-kuo (Republic of China) for China on the other side, causing trouble and inconvenience. The Public Affairs Office pointed out that in order to clarify the distinction, it was decided to add "Taiwan" in brackets after "Republic of China" on the website of the Presidential Palace in traditional and simplified Chinese starting from Saturday.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%B0%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%A8%22%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%22&rft.pub=BBC+%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B6%B2&rft.date=2005-08-29&rft.au=BBC+%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fchinese%2Ftrad%2Fhi%2Fnewsid_4730000%2Fnewsid_4730400%2F4730413.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.president.gov.tw/">"Office of President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)"</a>. Office of President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100726050450/http://english.president.gov.tw/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+President+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=Office+of+President+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.president.gov.tw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php">"About Taiwan"</a>. Taiwan.gov.tw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117020655/https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan.gov.tw&rft.atitle=About+Taiwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwan.gov.tw%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5962">"President Tsai interviewed by BBC"</a>. Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). 18 January 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020. <q>Well, the idea is that we don't have a need to declare ourselves an independent state. We are an independent country already and we call ourselves the Republic of China (Taiwan)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=President+Tsai+interviewed+by+BBC&rft.date=2020-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.president.gov.tw%2FNews%2F5962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Q0010001">"Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area"</a>. R.O.C LAWS & REGULATIONS DATABASE, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE. 8 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035511/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Q0010001">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R.O.C+LAWS+%26+REGULATIONS+DATABASE%2C+MINISTRY+OF+JUSTICE&rft.atitle=Act+Governing+Relations+between+the+People+of+the+Taiwan+Area+and+the+Mainland+Area&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.moj.gov.tw%2FENG%2FLawClass%2FLawAll.aspx%3Fpcode%3DQ0010001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Q0010002">"Enforcement Rules for the Act Governing Relations between Peoples of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area"</a>. R.O.C LAWS & REGULATIONS DATABASE, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE. 30 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240711153407/https://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010002">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R.O.C+LAWS+%26+REGULATIONS+DATABASE%2C+MINISTRY+OF+JUSTICE&rft.atitle=Enforcement+Rules+for+the+Act+Governing+Relations+between+Peoples+of+the+Taiwan+Area+and+the+Mainland+Area&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.moj.gov.tw%2FENG%2FLawClass%2FLawAll.aspx%3Fpcode%3DQ0010002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/no-need-avoid-xi-apec-taiwan-envoy-says-after-rare-encounter-2022-11-21/">"No need to avoid Xi at APEC, Taiwan envoy says after rare encounter"</a>. Reuters. 21 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=No+need+to+avoid+Xi+at+APEC%2C+Taiwan+envoy+says+after+rare+encounter&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fno-need-avoid-xi-apec-taiwan-envoy-says-after-rare-encounter-2022-11-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRCNorway-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PRCNorway_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PRCNorway_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/ceno/eng/ztxw/twwt/t110655.htm">"White Paper—The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue"</a>. Embassy of the PRC in the Kingdom of Norway. The Taiwan Affairs Office and The Information Office of the State Council. 21 February 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128012529/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/ceno/eng/ztxw/twwt/t110655.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021. <q>As we have already said, Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chinese territory and, after replacing the government of the Republic of China in 1949, the government of the PRC has become the sole legal government of China, enjoying and exercising sovereignty over the whole of China, including Taiwan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Embassy+of+the+PRC+in+the+Kingdom+of+Norway&rft.atitle=White+Paper%E2%80%94The+One-China+Principle+and+the+Taiwan+Issue&rft.date=2000-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmprc.gov.cn%2Fce%2Fceno%2Feng%2Fztxw%2Ftwwt%2Ft110655.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GillespieGillespie20092-101"><a href="#cite_ref-GillespieGillespie20092_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosemary_GillespieRosemary_G._GillespieD._A._Clague2009" class="citation book cs1">Rosemary Gillespie; Rosemary G. Gillespie; D. A. Clague (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g9ZogGs_fz8C&pg=PA904">Encyclopedia of Islands</a>. University of California Press. p. 904. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25649-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25649-1"><bdi>978-0-520-25649-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210634/https://books.google.com/books?id=g9ZogGs_fz8C&pg=PA904#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islands&rft.pages=904&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25649-1&rft.au=Rosemary+Gillespie&rft.au=Rosemary+G.+Gillespie&rft.au=D.+A.+Clague&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg9ZogGs_fz8C%26pg%3DPA904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrasetyoNastiti20212-102"><a href="#cite_ref-PrasetyoNastiti20212_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagyo_PrasetyoTiti_Surti_NastitiTruman_Simanjuntak2021" class="citation book cs1">Bagyo Prasetyo; Titi Surti Nastiti; Truman Simanjuntak (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zFwXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125">AUSTRONESIAN DIASPORA: A New Perspective</a>. UGM PRESS. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-602-386-202-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-602-386-202-3"><bdi>978-602-386-202-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210637/https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=zFwXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AUSTRONESIAN+DIASPORA%3A+A+New+Perspective&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=UGM+PRESS&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-602-386-202-3&rft.au=Bagyo+Prasetyo&rft.au=Titi+Surti+Nastiti&rft.au=Truman+Simanjuntak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzFwXEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-palaeolithic2-103"><a href="#cite_ref-palaeolithic2_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsenMiller-Antonio1992" class="citation journal cs1">Olsen, John W.; Miller-Antonio, Sari (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/7061024b-c6b1-4c79-bdd9-b794d3bebee7/content">"The Palaeolithic in Southern China"</a>. Asian Perspectives. 31 (2): 152. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F17011">10125/17011</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416144735/https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/7061024b-c6b1-4c79-bdd9-b794d3bebee7/content">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+Palaeolithic+in+Southern+China&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=152&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F17011&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.au=Miller-Antonio%2C+Sari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2Fbitstreams%2F7061024b-c6b1-4c79-bdd9-b794d3bebee7%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHung2017" class="citation book cs1">Hung, Hsiao-chun (2017). "Neolithic Cultures in Southeast China, Taiwan, and Luzon". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33776794">First Islanders: Prehistory and Human Migration in Island Southeast Asia</a>. By <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bellwood" title="Peter Bellwood">Bellwood, Peter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. pp. 232–240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-25154-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-25154-5"><bdi>978-1-119-25154-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240618031414/https://www.academia.edu/33776794">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024. <q>In Taiwan, the only known Paleolithic burial recovered so far comes from the Xiaoma cave complex in the southeast of the island, this being an adult male buried in a crouched posture about 4000 bce. My research with Matsumura suggests that this individual was of Australo‐Papuan affinity, most closely related with Negrito populations in the Philippines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neolithic+Cultures+in+Southeast+China%2C+Taiwan%2C+and+Luzon&rft.btitle=First+Islanders%3A+Prehistory+and+Human+Migration+in+Island+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=232-240&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-119-25154-5&rft.aulast=Hung&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-chun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33776794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> pp. 234–235. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaifuFujitaYonedaYamasaki2015" class="citation book cs1">Kaifu, Yousuke; Fujita, Masaki; Yoneda, Minoru; Yamasaki, Shinji (2015). "Pleistocene Seafaring and Colonization of the Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan". In Kaifu, Yousuke; Izuho, Masami; Goebel, Ted; Sato, Hiroyuki; Ono, Akira (eds.). Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 345–361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62349-276-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62349-276-2"><bdi>978-1-62349-276-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pleistocene+Seafaring+and+Colonization+of+the+Ryukyu+Islands%2C+Southwestern+Japan&rft.btitle=Emergence+and+Diversity+of+Modern+Human+Behavior+in+Paleolithic+Asia&rft.pages=345-361&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-62349-276-2&rft.aulast=Kaifu&rft.aufirst=Yousuke&rft.au=Fujita%2C+Masaki&rft.au=Yoneda%2C+Minoru&rft.au=Yamasaki%2C+Shinji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a href="/wiki/Li_Jen-kuei" title="Li Jen-kuei">Li, Paul Jen-kuei</a> (2011). <bdi lang="zh">台灣南島民族的族群與遷徙</bdi> [The Ethnic Groups and Dispersal of the Austronesian in Taiwan] (Revised ed.). 前衛出版社 [Avanguard Publishing House]. pp. 46, 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-801-660-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-801-660-6"><bdi>978-957-801-660-6</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">根據張光直(1969)...9,000BC起...大量種植稻米的遺跡</bdi> [<a href="/wiki/Kwang-chih_Chang" title="Kwang-chih Chang">Chang, Kwang-chih</a> (1969): ...traces of slash-and-burn agriculture since 9,000 BC... remains of rice cultivation]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4%E8%88%87%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99&rft.pages=46%2C+48&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-TW%22%3E%E5%89%8D%E8%A1%9B%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text+%5BAvanguard+Publishing+House%5D&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-957-801-660-6&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Paul+Jen-kuei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJiao200789–90-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJiao200789–90_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJiao2007">Jiao 2007</a>, pp. 89–90. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2009" class="citation book cs1">Liu, Yichang (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503154631/http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1170">"Changbin Culture"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1170">Encyclopedia of Taiwan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1170">the original</a> on 3 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Changbin+Culture&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Taiwan&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yichang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaiwanpedia.culture.tw%2Fen%2Fcontent%3FID%3D1170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2009" class="citation book cs1">Liu, Yichang (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130418214339/http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1171">"Wangxing Culture"</a>. Encyclopedia of Taiwan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=1171">the original</a> on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wangxing+Culture&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Taiwan&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yichang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaiwanpedia.culture.tw%2Fen%2Fcontent%3FID%3D1171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJiao200791–94-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJiao200791–94_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJiao2007">Jiao (2007)</a>, pp. 91–94. </li> <li id="cite_note-ref122-111"><a href="#cite_ref-ref122_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Diamond, Jared M</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060916193454/http://faculty.washington.edu/plape/pacificarchwin06/readings/Diamond%20nature%202000.pdf">"Taiwan's gift to the world"</a> (PDF). Nature. 403 (6771): 709–710. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Natur.403..709D">2000Natur.403..709D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35001685">10.1038/35001685</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10693781">10693781</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4379227">4379227</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/plape/pacificarchwin06/readings/Diamond%20nature%202000.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Taiwan%27s+gift+to+the+world&rft.volume=403&rft.issue=6771&rft.pages=709-710&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35001685&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4379227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10693781&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000Natur.403..709D&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jared+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fplape%2Fpacificarchwin06%2Freadings%2FDiamond%2520nature%25202000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2004" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_J._Fox" title="James J. Fox">Fox, James J</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/43158/2/Comparative_Austronesian_Studies.pdf">Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies</a> (PDF). Symposium Austronesia. <a href="/wiki/The_Australian_National_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Australian National University">The Australian National University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830112406/https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/43158/2/Comparative_Austronesian_Studies.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Current+Developments+in+Comparative+Austronesian+Studies&rft.pub=The+Australian+National+University&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=James+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F43158%2F2%2FComparative_Austronesian_Studies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellwoodHungIizuka2011" class="citation book cs1">Bellwood, Peter; Hung, Hsiao-chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki (2011). "Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction". In Benitez-Johannot, Purissima (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1885/32545">Paths of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines,the Museum Nasional Indonesia,and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>: ArtPostAsia. pp. 35–37, 41. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F32545">1885/32545</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-94292-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-94292-0-3"><bdi>978-971-94292-0-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210649/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/items/1bb5f1bb-0276-4b26-a1a0-c4b6bd9d7bb6">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Jade+in+the+Philippines%3A+3%2C000+Years+of+Trade+and+Long-distance+Interaction&rft.btitle=Paths+of+Origins%3A+The+Austronesian+Heritage+in+the+Collections+of+the+National+Museum+of+the+Philippines%2Cthe+Museum+Nasional+Indonesia%2Cand+the+Netherlands+Rijksmuseum+voor+Volkenkunde&rft.place=Australian+National+University&rft.pages=35-37%2C+41&rft.pub=ArtPostAsia&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F32545&rft.isbn=978-971-94292-0-3&rft.aulast=Bellwood&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hung%2C+Hsiao-chun&rft.au=Iizuka%2C+Yoshiyuki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1885%2F32545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Iizuka, Yoshiyuki, H. C. Hung, and Peter Bellwood. "A Noninvasive Mineralogical Study of Nephrite Artifacts from the Philippines and Surroundings: The Distribution of Taiwan Nephrite and the Implications for the Island Southeast Asian Archaeology." Scientific Research on the Sculptural Arts of Asia (2007): 12–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJiao200794–103-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJiao200794–103_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJiao2007">Jiao (2007)</a>, pp. 94–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELi201926–27-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi201926–27_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLi2019">Li 2019</a>, pp. 26–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-InstEthno-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-InstEthno_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-InstEthno_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianthro.tw/p/39"><bdi lang="zh">認識平埔族</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609092146/http://ianthro.tw/p/39">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E5%B9%B3%E5%9F%94%E6%97%8F&rft.pub=Institute+of+Ethnology%2C+Academia+Sinica&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianthro.tw%2Fp%2F39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLiu2012">Liu 2012</a>, p. 170-171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsu19806-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsu19806_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsu1980">Hsu (1980)</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200686-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-官網歷史沿革-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://event.penghu.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=10174">"歷史沿革"</a>. 澎湖縣政府全球資訊網. <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a>. 13 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301101127/https://event.penghu.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=10174">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%B8%A3%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft.atitle=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevent.penghu.gov.tw%2Fch%2Fhome.jsp%3Fid%3D10174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200688-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200688_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein199986_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-shep-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shep_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shep_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd1993" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, John R. (1993). Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier, 1600–1800. Stanford University Press. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2066-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2066-3"><bdi>978-0-8047-2066-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statecraft+and+Political+Economy+on+the+Taiwan+Frontier%2C+1600%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2066-3&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> Reprinted Taipei: SMC Publishing, 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsu198010-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsu198010_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsu1980">Hsu 1980</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6_Note_5-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6_Note_5_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6_Note_5_126-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAndrade2008">Andrade (2008)</a>, Chapter 6 Note 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClulow2013" class="citation book cs1">Clulow, Adam (13 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FSPcAAAAQBAJ&dq=Harada+Magoshichiro+taiwan&pg=PA6">Statecraft and Spectacle in East Asia: Studies in Taiwan-Japan Relations</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317986256" title="Special:BookSources/9781317986256"><bdi>9781317986256</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430222321/https://books.google.com/books?id=FSPcAAAAQBAJ&dq=Harada+Magoshichiro+taiwan&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statecraft+and+Spectacle+in+East+Asia%3A+Studies+in+Taiwan-Japan+Relations&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.isbn=9781317986256&rft.aulast=Clulow&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFSPcAAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHarada%2BMagoshichiro%2Btaiwan%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELi201950-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi201950_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLi2019">Li 2019</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200689-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200689_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_(missionary)" title="William Campbell (missionary)">Campbell, William</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/formosaunderdut01campgoog">Formosa Under the Dutch: Described from Contemporary Records, with Explanatory Notes and a Bibliography of the Island</a>. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/formosaunderdut01campgoog/page/n185">6</a>–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-638-083-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-638-083-9"><bdi>978-957-638-083-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Formosa+Under+the+Dutch%3A+Described+from+Contemporary+Records%2C+with+Explanatory+Notes+and+a+Bibliography+of+the+Island&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Trubner&rft.date=1903&rft.isbn=978-957-638-083-9&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fformosaunderdut01campgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Chapter_6_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAndrade2008">Andrade 2008</a>, Chapter 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200698-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200698_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoo2015" class="citation journal cs1">Koo, Hui-wen (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FJINH_a_00795">"Weather, Harvests, and Taxes: A Chinese Revolt in Colonial Taiwan"</a>. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 46 (1): 39–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FJINH_a_00795">10.1162/JINH_a_00795</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43829712">43829712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.atitle=Weather%2C+Harvests%2C+and+Taxes%3A+A+Chinese+Revolt+in+Colonial+Taiwan&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-59&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FJINH_a_00795&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43829712%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Koo&rft.aufirst=Hui-wen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1162%252FJINH_a_00795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade2006" class="citation journal cs1">Andrade, Tonio (2006). "The Rise and Fall of Dutch Taiwan, 1624–1662: Cooperative Colonization and the Statist Model of European Expansion". Journal of World History. 17 (4): 429–450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjwh.2006.0052">10.1353/jwh.2006.0052</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079399">20079399</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162203720">162203720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+World+History&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Dutch+Taiwan%2C+1624%E2%80%931662%3A+Cooperative+Colonization+and+the+Statist+Model+of+European+Expansion&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=429-450&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162203720%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20079399%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjwh.2006.0052&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Tonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoo2011" class="citation journal cs1">Koo, Hui-wen (2011). 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The Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 43 (2): 185–203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FJINH_a_00211">10.1162/JINH_a_00211</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41291189">41291189</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145423135">145423135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+History&rft.atitle=Deer+Hunting+and+Preserving+the+Commons+in+Dutch+Colonial+Taiwan&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-203&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145423135%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41291189%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FJINH_a_00211&rft.aulast=Koo&rft.aufirst=Hui-wen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.tshs.ntpc.gov.tw/xmdoc/cont?xsmsid=0G292396897604829770">"Fort San Domingo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tamsui_Historical_Museum" title="Tamsui Historical Museum">Tamsui Historical Museum</a>. 3 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610072441/https://en.tshs.ntpc.gov.tw/xmdoc/cont?xsmsid=0G292396897604829770">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2020. <q>Fort San Domingo, located at the hilltop overlooking Tamsui River estuary, was established by the Spanish in 1628.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tamsui+Historical+Museum&rft.atitle=Fort+San+Domingo&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.tshs.ntpc.gov.tw%2Fxmdoc%2Fcont%3Fxsmsid%3D0G292396897604829770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419">Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603111934/https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419">Archived</a> 3 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r −428 v ; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r −41 v . </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200691-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200691_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200691_138-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-LuWangNMHTW-139"><a href="#cite_ref-LuWangNMHTW_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYan_Xing" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Yan Xing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tainanstudy.nmth.gov.tw/article/detail/9/read?"><bdi lang="zh">臺南與鄭成功</bdi></a> [Tainan and Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)]. Tainan Literature and History Research Database. National Museum of Taiwan History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210748/https://tainanstudy.nmth.gov.tw/article/detail/9/read?">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2021. <bdi lang="zh">這時成功意志堅决，便單獨倡導拒滿復明運動，以金，厦兩島爲根據地地，不斷地向閩，浙東南一進攻，奉永明王永曆正朔 ... 于永曆十一年（清順治十四年公元一六五七年）受永水明王封為延平王</bdi> [Then Chenggong (Koxinga) resolutely and independently advocated for the movement to resist the Manchus and restore Ming, with bases in Kinmen and Xiamen continuously attacked southeastern Min (Fujian) and Zhejiang, pledged to serve the Youngli emperor of Ming ... in 1657 was conferred the title King of Yanping by the Yong Ming emperor]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tainan+Literature+and+History+Research+Database&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E8%88%87%E9%84%AD%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F&rft.au=Yan+Xing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftainanstudy.nmth.gov.tw%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F9%2Fread%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills2001" class="citation book cs1">Wills, John E. (2001). The Dutch Reoccupation of Chi-lung, 1664–1668. University of California. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-936127-09-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-936127-09-5"><bdi>978-0-936127-09-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Reoccupation+of+Chi-lung%2C+1664%E2%80%931668&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-936127-09-5&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g3oWoSKVnVIC&pg=PA95&dq=%22pescadores%2Bdutch%2Bdefeat%22">Shepherd 1993</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-TWG2020-142"><a href="#cite_ref-TWG2020_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://multilingual.mofa.gov.tw/web/web_UTF-8/MOFA/glance2020-2021/2020-2021%20Taiwan%20at%20a%20Glance%20(English).pdf">2020–2021 Taiwan at a Glance</a> (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). September 2020. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-5447-15-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-5447-15-1"><bdi>978-986-5447-15-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409125337/https://multilingual.mofa.gov.tw/web/web_UTF-8/MOFA/glance2020-2021/2020-2021%20Taiwan%20at%20a%20Glance%20%28English%29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2020%E2%80%932021+Taiwan+at+a+Glance&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.date=2020-09&rft.isbn=978-986-5447-15-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmultilingual.mofa.gov.tw%2Fweb%2Fweb_UTF-8%2FMOFA%2Fglance2020-2021%2F2020-2021%2520Taiwan%2520at%2520a%2520Glance%2520%28English%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Preface_Note_1-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2008Preface_Note_1_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAndrade2008">Andrade (2008)</a>, Preface Note 1: "Second, this book is also about how Taiwan first came under Chinese political control, thanks to the Ming loyalist regime of Zheng Chenggong." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200694–95-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200694–95_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, pp. 94–95. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStruve1988" class="citation book cs1">Struve, Lynn (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&pg=PA722">"The Southern Ming"</a>. In Mote, Frederic W.; Twitchett, Denis (eds.). Cambridge History of China, Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644. Cambridge University Press. pp. 641–725. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24332-2"><bdi>978-0-521-24332-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210638/https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&pg=PA722#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Ming&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+7%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644&rft.pages=641-725&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24332-2&rft.aulast=Struve&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtyhT9SZRLS8C%26pg%3DPA722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> pp. 722–725. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHang2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Hang, Xing (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/133829bz">Between Trade and Legitimacy, Maritime and Continent: The Zheng Organization in Seventeenth-Century East Asia</a> (PhD). University of California, Berkeley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223013320/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/133829bz">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Between+Trade+and+Legitimacy%2C+Maritime+and+Continent%3A+The+Zheng+Organization+in+Seventeenth-Century+East+Asia&rft.inst=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hang&rft.aufirst=Xing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F133829bz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHang2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hang, Xing (2016). "Contradictory Contingencies: The Seventeenth-Century Zheng Family and Contested Cross-Strait Legacies". American Journal of Chinese Studies. 23: 173–182. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44289147">44289147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Chinese+Studies&rft.atitle=Contradictory+Contingencies%3A+The+Seventeenth-Century+Zheng+Family+and+Contested+Cross-Strait+Legacies&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=173-182&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44289147%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hang&rft.aufirst=Xing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195215-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195215_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195215_148-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2017189-190-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWong2017189-190_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWong2017">Wong 2017</a>, p. 189-190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETwitchett2002146-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETwitchett2002146_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTwitchett2002">Twitchett 2002</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2017193–194-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWong2017193–194_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWong2017">Wong 2017</a>, pp. 193–194. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201951-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201951_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaffordShepherd1994" class="citation journal cs1">Stafford, Charles; Shepherd, John Robert (September 1994). "Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier 1600–1800". Man. 29 (3): 750. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2804394">10.2307/2804394</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2804394">2804394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Man&rft.atitle=Statecraft+and+Political+Economy+on+the+Taiwan+Frontier+1600%E2%80%931800.&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=750&rft.date=1994-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2804394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2804394%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Shepherd%2C+John+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903561-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903561_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903561_154-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1903">Davidson (1903)</a>, p. 561. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195216-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195216_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong2017194-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWong2017194_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWong2017">Wong 2017</a>, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201947-49-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201947-49_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 47-49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201950-55-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201950-55_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 50-55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe2019106-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe2019106_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-van_der_Wees_2020-160"><a href="#cite_ref-van_der_Wees_2020_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Wees" class="citation web cs1">van der Wees, Gerrit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/has-taiwan-always-been-part-of-china/">"Has Taiwan Always Been Part of China?"</a>. The Diplomat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201153401/https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/has-taiwan-always-been-part-of-china/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Has+Taiwan+Always+Been+Part+of+China%3F&rft.aulast=van+der+Wees&rft.aufirst=Gerrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2020%2F12%2Fhas-taiwan-always-been-part-of-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkoggard1996" class="citation book cs1">Skoggard, Ian A. (1996). The Indigenous Dynamic in Taiwan's Postwar Development: The Religious and Historical Roots of Entrepreneurship. M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-846-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56324-846-7"><bdi>978-1-56324-846-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL979742M">979742M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indigenous+Dynamic+in+Taiwan%27s+Postwar+Development%3A+The+Religious+and+Historical+Roots+of+Entrepreneurship&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL979742M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-56324-846-7&rft.aulast=Skoggard&rft.aufirst=Ian+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> p. 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413234816/https://www.taiwanus.net/history/3/12.htm"><bdi lang="zh">三年小反五年大亂</bdi></a>. 台灣海外網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 13 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%B6%B2&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4%E5%B0%8F%E5%8F%8D%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanus.net%2Fhistory%2F3%2F12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-RebellionTWCulture-163"><a href="#cite_ref-RebellionTWCulture_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310194052/http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=3553"><bdi lang="zh">民變</bdi></a> [Civil Strife]. Encyclopedia of Taiwan (台灣大百科). Taiwan Ministry of Culture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrch.culture.tw/twpedia.aspx?id=3553">the original</a> on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021. <bdi lang="zh">臺灣有「三年一小反，五年一大反」之謠。但是根據研究，這句俗諺所形容民變迭起的現象，以道光朝（1820-1850）的三十多年間為主</bdi> [The rumor of "every three years a small uprising, five years a large rebellion" circulated around Taiwan. According to research, the repeated commotions described by this idiom occurred primarily during the 30-year period between 1820 and 1850.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Taiwan+%28%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%29&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrch.culture.tw%2Ftwpedia.aspx%3Fid%3D3553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201956-57-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201956-57_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 56-57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201958-61-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201958-61_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 58-61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201961–62-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201961–62_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, pp. 61–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201963–64-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201963–64_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, pp. 63–64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201964–65-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201964–65_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, pp. 64–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2007161–162-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2007161–162_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGordon2007">Gordon 2007</a>, pp. 161–162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999187–190-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999187–190_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, pp. 187–190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999191-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999191_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, p. 191. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe201965-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe201965_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903247,_620-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1903247,_620_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1903">Davidson (1903)</a>, pp. 247, 620. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYe20191,_10,_174-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYe20191,_10,_174_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYe2019">Ye 2019</a>, p. 1, 10, 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999177-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999177_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-ShimonosekiROC-176"><a href="#cite_ref-ShimonosekiROC_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417212021/http://libdb1.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi/capimg2.exe?20:268540019:910000115001-0-0.pdf">"Treaty of Peace between China and Japan (Treaty of Shimonoseki)"</a> (PDF). Ch'ing Dynasty Treaties and Agreements Preserved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China (Taiwan). National Palace Museum. 17 April 1895. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libdb1.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi/capimg2.exe?20:268540019:910000115001-0-0.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 April 2021. <bdi lang="zh">中國將管理下開地方之權並將該地方所有堡壘軍器工廠及一切屬公物件永遠讓於日本 ... 台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿 ... 澎湖列岛</bdi> [China shall yield to Japan in perpetuity the rights to administer the following regions as well as all fortresses, munition factories, and public properties thereof ... the entire island of Taiwan and all appertaining islands ... Penghu archipelago]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ch%27ing+Dynasty+Treaties+and+Agreements+Preserved+by+the+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Peace+between+China+and+Japan+%28Treaty+of+Shimonoseki%29&rft.date=1895-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibdb1.npm.gov.tw%2Fttscgi%2Fcapimg2.exe%3F20%3A268540019%3A910000115001-0-0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiba1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Shiba" title="Ryōtarō Shiba">Shiba, Ryōtarō</a> (1995). Taiwan kikō: kaidō o yuku yonjū <bdi lang="ja">台湾紀行: 街道をゆく〈40〉</bdi> (in Japanese). Asahi Shinbunsha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-02-256808-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-02-256808-3"><bdi>978-4-02-256808-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan+kik%C5%8D%3A+kaid%C5%8D+o+yuku+yonj%C5%AB+%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%B4%80%E8%A1%8C%3A+%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93%E3%82%92%E3%82%86%E3%81%8F%E3%80%8840%E3%80%89&rft.pub=Asahi+Shinbunsha&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-4-02-256808-3&rft.aulast=Shiba&rft.aufirst=Ry%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWang200695-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWang200695_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWang2006">Wang 2006</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999208-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999208_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, p. 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2002" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Andrew (2002). "The Taiwan Republic of 1895 and the failure of the Qing modernizing project". In Corcuff, Stéphane (ed.). Memories of the future: national identity issues and the search for a new Taiwan. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 3–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0792-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0792-8"><bdi>978-0-7656-0792-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Taiwan+Republic+of+1895+and+the+failure+of+the+Qing+modernizing+project&rft.btitle=Memories+of+the+future%3A+national+identity+issues+and+the+search+for+a+new+Taiwan&rft.pages=3-24&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0792-8&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999207-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubinstein1999207_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubinstein1999">Rubinstein 1999</a>, p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChang200356-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChang200356_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChang2003">Chang 2003</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-msu-183"><a href="#cite_ref-msu_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901122350/http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/Taiwan/history.html">"History of Taiwan"</a>. Windows on Asia. Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asia.msu.edu/eastasia/Taiwan/history.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+on+Asia&rft.atitle=History+of+Taiwan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asia.msu.edu%2Feastasia%2FTaiwan%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsu1991" class="citation book cs1">Hsu, Mutsu (1991). Culture, Self and Adaptation: The Psychological Anthropology of Two Malayo-Polynesian Groups in Taiwan. Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-9046-78-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-9046-78-7"><bdi>978-957-9046-78-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture%2C+Self+and+Adaptation%3A+The+Psychological+Anthropology+of+Two+Malayo-Polynesian+Groups+in+Taiwan&rft.pub=Institute+of+Ethnology%2C+Academia+Sinica&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-957-9046-78-7&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Mutsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChouHo2007" class="citation book cs1">Chou, Chuing Prudence; Ho, Ai-Hsin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419122101/http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~iaezcpc/Going%20to%20School%20in%20East%20Asia%20--%20SCHOOLING%20IN%20TAIWAN.htm">"Schooling in Taiwan"</a>. In Postiglione, Gerard A.; Tan, Jason (eds.). Going to school in East Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 344–377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33633-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33633-1"><bdi>978-0-313-33633-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~iaezcpc/Going%20to%20School%20in%20East%20Asia%20--%20SCHOOLING%20IN%20TAIWAN.htm">the original</a> on 19 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schooling+in+Taiwan&rft.btitle=Going+to+school+in+East+Asia&rft.pages=344-377&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33633-1&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Chuing+Prudence&rft.au=Ho%2C+Ai-Hsin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nccu.edu.tw%2F~iaezcpc%2FGoing%2520to%2520School%2520in%2520East%2520Asia%2520--%2520SCHOOLING%2520IN%2520TAIWAN.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195239-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195239_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031027032513/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2001/chpt04-3.htm">"History"</a>. The Republic of China Yearbook 2001. Government Information Office. 2001. 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Encyclopedia of Taiwan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwanpedia.culture.tw/en/content?ID=3803">the original</a> on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Taiwan&rft.atitle=Kominka+Movement&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chintang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaiwanpedia.culture.tw%2Fen%2Fcontent%3FID%3D3803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrajdanzev1942" class="citation journal cs1">Grajdanzev, A. J. (1942). "Formosa (Taiwan) Under Japanese Rule". Pacific Affairs. 15 (3): 311–324. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2752241">10.2307/2752241</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2752241">2752241</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=Formosa+%28Taiwan%29+Under+Japanese+Rule&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=311-324&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2752241&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2752241%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Grajdanzev&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine1952110-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine1952110_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195247-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195247_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195247_194-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shulinkou.tripod.com/dawg2e.html">"Shu LinKou Air Station: World War II: U.S. Bombing Raids on Linkou and Taiwan"</a>. Shulinkou Air Station Taiwan. 10 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616223139/http://shulinkou.tripod.com/dawg2e.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shulinkou+Air+Station+Taiwan&rft.atitle=Shu+LinKou+Air+Station%3A+World+War+II%3A+U.S.+Bombing+Raids+on+Linkou+and+Taiwan&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshulinkou.tripod.com%2Fdawg2e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheung2018" class="citation news cs1">Cheung, Han (16 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2018/09/16/2003700512">"Taiwan in Time: Abandoned by the rising sun"</a>. Taipei Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210740/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2018/09/16/2003700512">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+in+Time%3A+Abandoned+by+the+rising+sun&rft.date=2018-09-16&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Han&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2018%2F09%2F16%2F2003700512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHou2013" class="citation web cs1">Hou, Elaine (14 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625184315/https://focustaiwan.tw/society/201308140029">"Protesters demand justice from Japan on 'comfort women' (update)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Focus_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Focus Taiwan">Focus Taiwan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201308140029.aspx">the original</a> on 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus+Taiwan&rft.atitle=Protesters+demand+justice+from+Japan+on+%27comfort+women%27+%28update%29&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocustaiwan.tw%2Fnews%2Fasoc%2F201308140029.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2015" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Andrew D. (30 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqwKCgAAQBAJ">Japanese Taiwan: Colonial Rule and its Contested Legacy</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-7674-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-7674-3"><bdi>978-1-4725-7674-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816170053/https://books.google.com/books?id=jqwKCgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Taiwan%3A+Colonial+Rule+and+its+Contested+Legacy&rft.pages=115-118&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-7674-3&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Andrew+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjqwKCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cuhk-199"><a href="#cite_ref-cuhk_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z-fAxn_9f8wC&pg=PA116">China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization</a>. City University Of Hong Kong Press. 2007. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-937-140-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-937-140-1"><bdi>978-962-937-140-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202400/https://books.google.com/books?id=z-fAxn_9f8wC&pg=PA116">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+Five+Thousand+Years+of+History+and+Civilization&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=City+University+Of+Hong+Kong+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-962-937-140-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz-fAxn_9f8wC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2003" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Denny (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/taiwan00denn">Taiwan: A Political History</a>. Cornell University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/taiwan00denn/page/55">55</a>, 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8805-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8805-4"><bdi>978-0-8014-8805-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+A+Political+History&rft.pages=55%2C+56&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8805-4&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Denny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftaiwan00denn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cairo1943-201"><a href="#cite_ref-Cairo1943_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/shiryo/01/002_46shoshi.html">"Cairo Communiqué, December 1, 1943"</a>. Birth of the Constitution of Japan. National Diet Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215106/http://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/shiryo/01/002_46shoshi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2021. <q>It is their purpose that Japan shall be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the first World War in 1914, and that all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Birth+of+the+Constitution+of+Japan&rft.atitle=Cairo+Communiqu%C3%A9%2C+December+1%2C+1943&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndl.go.jp%2Fconstitution%2Fe%2Fshiryo%2F01%2F002_46shoshi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine1952162:_"United_States_Government_replied_on_this_point_as_follows:<span_class="nowrap">&nbsp;..._Cairo_Declaration_provided_that_Manchuria,_Formosa,_and_the_Pescadores,_shall_be_restored_to_the_Republic_of_China"-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine1952162:_"United_States_Government_replied_on_this_point_as_follows:<span_class="nowrap">&nbsp;..._Cairo_Declaration_provided_that_Manchuria,_Formosa,_and_the_Pescadores,_shall_be_restored_to_the_Republic_of_China"_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 162: "United States Government replied on this point as follows: ... Cairo Declaration provided that Manchuria, Formosa, and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China". </li> <li id="cite_note-Potsdam1945-203"><a href="#cite_ref-Potsdam1945_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atomicheritage.org/key-documents/potsdam-declaration">"Potsdam Declaration"</a>. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. The Atomic Heritage Foundation and the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130072847/https://www.atomicheritage.org/key-documents/potsdam-declaration">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021. <q>The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atomic+Heritage+Foundation&rft.atitle=Potsdam+Declaration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atomicheritage.org%2Fkey-documents%2Fpotsdam-declaration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JapanSurrender-204"><a href="#cite_ref-JapanSurrender_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archivesfoundation.org/documents/japanese-instrument-surrender-1945/">"Japanese Instrument of Surrender"</a>. The National Archives Foundation. The National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130103518/https://www.archivesfoundation.org/documents/japanese-instrument-surrender-1945/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021. <q>We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Archives+Foundation&rft.atitle=Japanese+Instrument+of+Surrender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archivesfoundation.org%2Fdocuments%2Fjapanese-instrument-surrender-1945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195258-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195258_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores#S5CV0540P0_19550504_HOC_582">"Far East (Formosa and the Pescadores)"</a>. Hansard. 540 (cc1870–4). 4 May 1955. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018112311/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1955/may/04/far-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores#S5CV0540P0_19550504_HOC_582">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2010. <q>The sovereignty was Japanese until 1952. The Japanese Treaty came into force, and at that time Formosa was being administered by the Chinese Nationalists, to whom it was entrusted in 1945, as a military occupation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hansard&rft.atitle=Far+East+%28Formosa+and+the+Pescadores%29&rft.volume=540&rft.issue=cc1870%E2%80%934&rft.date=1955-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1955%2Fmay%2F04%2Ffar-east-formosa-and-the-pescadores%23S5CV0540P0_19550504_HOC_582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharneyPrescott2000" class="citation journal cs1">Charney, Jonathan I.; Prescott, J. R. V. (2000). "Resolving Cross-Strait Relations Between China and Taiwan". American Journal of International Law. 94 (3): 453–477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2555319">10.2307/2555319</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2555319">2555319</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144402230">144402230</a>. <q>After occupying Taiwan in 1945 as a result of Japan's surrender, the Nationalists were defeated on the mainland in 1949, abandoning it to retreat to Taiwan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Resolving+Cross-Strait+Relations+Between+China+and+Taiwan&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=453-477&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144402230%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2555319%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2555319&rft.aulast=Charney&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+I.&rft.au=Prescott%2C+J.+R.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SanFrancisco1951-208"><a href="#cite_ref-SanFrancisco1951_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20136/volume-136-I-1832-English.pdf">"Treaty of Peace with Japan"</a> (PDF). United Nations Treaties Collection. The United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929012644/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20136/volume-136-I-1832-English.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Treaties+Collection&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Peace+with+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2Fdoc%2FPublication%2FUNTS%2FVolume%2520136%2Fvolume-136-I-1832-English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlagappa2001" class="citation book cs1">Alagappa, Muthiah (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Zx7nPeGWgwC&pg=PA265">Taiwan's presidential politics</a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0834-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0834-5"><bdi>978-0-7656-0834-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816165959/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Zx7nPeGWgwC&pg=PA265#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%27s+presidential+politics&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0834-5&rft.aulast=Alagappa&rft.aufirst=Muthiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Zx7nPeGWgwC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taipei1952-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Taipei1952_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20138/v138.pdf">"Treaty of Peace between the Repuiblic of China and Japan"</a> (PDF). United Nations Treaties Collection. The United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209020538/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20138/v138.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Treaties+Collection&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Peace+between+the+Repuiblic+of+China+and+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2Fdoc%2FPublication%2FUNTS%2FVolume%2520138%2Fv138.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMakinenWoodward1989-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMakinenWoodward1989_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMakinenWoodward1989">Makinen & Woodward (1989)</a>: "Yet, the Chinese Nationalist government attempted to isolate Taiwan from the mainland inflation by creating it as an independent currency area. And during the later stages of the civil war it was able to end the hyperinflation on Taiwan, something it was unable to do on the mainland despite two attempts." </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Formosa in transition". The World Today. Vol. 4, no. 5. Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1948. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Today&rft.atitle=Formosa+in+transition&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=213&rft.date=1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallantine195259-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallantine195259_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBallantine1952">Ballantine (1952)</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States1949923-925-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States1949923-925_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_States1949">United States (1949)</a>, p. 923-925. </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070111074426/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,804090,00.html">"China: Snow Red & Moon Angel"</a>. 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(1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010159/http://homepage.usask.ca/~llr130/taiwanlibrary/formosacalling/formosa-calling.pdf">Formosa Calling: An Eyewitness Account of Conditions in Taiwan during the February 28th, 1947 Incident</a> (PDF). Taiwan Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40888167">40888167</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.usask.ca/~llr130/taiwanlibrary/formosacalling/formosa-calling.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 February 2011. 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United Press International. 28 February 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130133334/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/02/28/Taiwan-takes-first-steps-to-explain-1947-massacre/4123667717200/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2022. 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Intercontex Publishers (England) Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85622-000-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85622-000-5"><bdi>978-0-85622-000-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+the+Far+East+was+lost%3A+American+policy+and+the+creation+of+Communist+China&rft.pub=Intercontex+Publishers+%28England%29+Limited&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-85622-000-5&rft.aulast=Kubek&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wartime-capital-223"><a href="#cite_ref-wartime-capital_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Fu-san" title="Huang Fu-san">Huang, Fu-san</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429070335/http://info.gio.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=27358&CtNode=2527&mp=21"><bdi lang="zh">臺灣簡史－麻雀變鳳凰的故事</bdi></a> [A Brief History of Taiwan: A Sparrow Transformed into a Phoenix] (in Chinese). 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Retrieved 13 September 2009. <q>1949年，國民政府退守臺灣後，以臺北為戰時首都</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B0%A1%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%8D%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80%E8%AE%8A%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B&rft.pub=Government+Information+Office%2C+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Fu-san&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.gio.gov.tw%2Fct.asp%3FxItem%3D27358%26CtNode%3D2527%26mp%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbctimeline-retreat-224"><a href="#cite_ref-bbctimeline-retreat_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/asia_pacific/2000/taiwan_elections2000/1949_1955.stm">"Taiwan Timeline – Retreat to Taiwan"</a>. 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Pearson Education. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-42398-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-42398-5"><bdi>978-0-582-42398-5</bdi></a>. <q>In 1949 Chiang Kai-shek had transferred to Taiwan the government, gold reserve, and some of the army of his Republic of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cold+War&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-582-42398-5&rft.aulast=Dunbabin&rft.aufirst=J.P.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIVriqPvx7iwC%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNg1998" class="citation book cs1">Ng, Franklin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lPzsB_wJQW0C&pg=PA10">The Taiwanese Americans</a>. 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Papers of Harry S. Truman: Naval Aide Files"</a>. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. p. 1 and 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/korea/large/week1/kw_22_1.htm">the original</a> on 19 April 2006. Retrieved 9 March 2006. <q>Page 1: In addition 7th Fleet will take station so as to prevent invasion of Formosa and to insure that Formosa not be used as base of operations against Chinese mainland." Page 4: "Seventh Fleet is hereby assigned to operational control CINCFE for employment in following task hereby assigned CINCFE: By naval and air action prevent any attack on Formosa, or any air or sea offensive from Formosa against mainland of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classified+Teletype+Conference%2C+dated+27+June+1950%2C+between+the+Pentagon+and+General+Douglas+MacArthur+regarding+authorization+to+use+naval+and+air+forces+in+support+of+South+Korea.+Papers+of+Harry+S.+Truman%3A+Naval+Aide+Files&rft.pages=1+and+4&rft.pub=Truman+Presidential+Library+and+Museum&rft.date=1950&rft.au=US+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trumanlibrary.org%2Fwhistlestop%2Fstudy_collections%2Fkorea%2Flarge%2Fweek1%2Fkw_22_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacoby1966" class="citation journal cs1">Jacoby, Neil H. (January 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAK054.pdf">"An Evaluation of U.S. Economic Aid to Free China, 1951–1965"</a> (PDF). A.I.D. Discussion Paper. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328162558/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAK054.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A.I.D.+Discussion+Paper&rft.atitle=An+Evaluation+of+U.S.+Economic+Aid+to+Free+China%2C+1951%E2%80%931965&rft.date=1966-01&rft.aulast=Jacoby&rft.aufirst=Neil+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdf.usaid.gov%2Fpdf_docs%2FPNAAK054.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMakinenWoodward1989">Makinen & Woodward 1989</a>: "It was the fiscal regime change on Taiwan, as in the European episodes, that finally brought price stability. It was the aid policy that brought the budget to near balance, and when the aid programme reached its full proportions in 1952, prices stabilized." </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=4&post=6666">"The Land Reform Movement in China"</a>. Taiwan Today. 1 June 1951. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205032054/https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=4&post=6666">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+Today&rft.atitle=The+Land+Reform+Movement+in+China&rft.date=1951-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwantoday.tw%2Fnews.php%3Funit%3D4%26post%3D6666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> Ralph Clough, "Taiwan under Nationalist Rule, 1949–1982," in Roderick MacFarquar et al., ed., Cambridge History of China, Vol 15, The People's Republic Pt 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 837 </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuShih2013" class="citation web cs1">Liu, Da-Nien; Shih, Hui-Tzu (4 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/the-transformation-of-taiwans-status-within-the-production-and-supply-chain-in-asia/">"The Transformation of Taiwan's Status Within the Production and Supply Chain in Asia"</a>. Brookings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140707/https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/the-transformation-of-taiwans-status-within-the-production-and-supply-chain-in-asia/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brookings&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+Taiwan%27s+Status+Within+the+Production+and+Supply+Chain+in+Asia&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Da-Nien&rft.au=Shih%2C+Hui-Tzu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fopinions%2Fthe-transformation-of-taiwans-status-within-the-production-and-supply-chain-in-asia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Tianbiao (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/rethinking-import-substituting-industrialization">"Rethinking Import-substituting Industrialization: Development Strategies and Institutions in Taiwan and China"</a>. Research Paper 2006/076. UNU-WIDER. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205032054/https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/rethinking-import-substituting-industrialization">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Paper+2006%2F076&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Import-substituting+Industrialization%3A+Development+Strategies+and+Institutions+in+Taiwan+and+China&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Tianbiao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wider.unu.edu%2Fpublication%2Frethinking-import-substituting-industrialization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmura2016" class="citation web cs1">Smura, Tomasz (17 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pulaski.pl/en/in-the-shadow-of-communistic-missiles-air-and-missile-defence-in-taiwan/">"In the shadow of Communistic missiles – Air and Missile Defence in Taiwan"</a>. Casimir Pulaski Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110100043/https://pulaski.pl/en/in-the-shadow-of-communistic-missiles-air-and-missile-defence-in-taiwan/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Casimir+Pulaski+Foundation&rft.atitle=In+the+shadow+of+Communistic+missiles+%E2%80%93+Air+and+Missile+Defence+in+Taiwan&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.aulast=Smura&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpulaski.pl%2Fen%2Fin-the-shadow-of-communistic-missiles-air-and-missile-defence-in-taiwan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalperin1966" class="citation web cs1">Halperin, M.H. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2006/RM4900.pdf">"Memorandum RM-4900-ISA (Abridged), The 1958 Taiwan Straits Crisis: A Documented History (U)"</a> (PDF). RAND Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220124223/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2006/RM4900.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAND+Corporation&rft.atitle=Memorandum+RM-4900-ISA+%28Abridged%29%2C+The+1958+Taiwan+Straits+Crisis%3A+A+Documented+History+%28U%29&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.aufirst=M.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_memoranda%2F2006%2FRM4900.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbctimeline-coldwar-242"><a href="#cite_ref-bbctimeline-coldwar_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/asia_pacific/2000/taiwan_elections2000/1955_1972.stm">"Taiwan Timeline – Cold war fortress"</a>. BBC News. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401173507/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/asia_pacific/2000/taiwan_elections2000/1955_1972.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Timeline+%E2%80%93+Cold+war+fortress&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fin_depth%2Fasia_pacific%2F2000%2Ftaiwan_elections2000%2F1955_1972.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982173-243">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsü1982173_243-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsü1982173_243-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsü1982">Hsü (1982)</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu2016" class="citation web cs1">Wu, Tsong-Min (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rieti.go.jp/en/publications/summary/16030030.html">"From Economic Controls to Export Expansion in Postwar Taiwan: 1946–1960"</a>. RIETI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205032052/https://www.rieti.go.jp/en/publications/summary/16030030.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIETI&rft.atitle=From+Economic+Controls+to+Export+Expansion+in+Postwar+Taiwan%3A+1946%E2%80%931960&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Tsong-Min&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rieti.go.jp%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fsummary%2F16030030.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982174-245"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsü1982174_245-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsü1982">Hsü (1982)</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220041321/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917286-3,00.html">"China: Chiang Kai-shek: Death of the Casualty"</a>. Time. 14 April 1975. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917286-3,00.html">the original</a> on 20 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=China%3A+Chiang+Kai-shek%3A+Death+of+the+Casualty&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1975-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C917286-3%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wu&Cheng2002-247"><a href="#cite_ref-Wu&Cheng2002_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuCheng2002" class="citation web cs1">Wu, Rong-i; Cheng, Cheng-mount (1 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8&post=12649&unitname=Economics-Taiwan-Review&postname=Going-Up">"Going Up"</a>. Taiwan Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205032049/https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=8&post=12649&unitname=Economics-Taiwan-Review&postname=Going-Up">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+Today&rft.atitle=Going+Up&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Rong-i&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Cheng-mount&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwantoday.tw%2Fnews.php%3Funit%3D8%26post%3D12649%26unitname%3DEconomics-Taiwan-Review%26postname%3DGoing-Up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsü1982175,_176-248"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsü1982175,_176_248-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHsü1982">Hsü (1982)</a>, pp. 175, 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunJulie_Lee_WeiRamon_Hawley_MyersDonald_G._Gillin1994" class="citation book cs1">Sun, Yat-sen; Julie Lee Wei; Ramon Hawley Myers; Donald G. Gillin (1994). Julie Lee Wei; Ramon Hawley Myers; Donald G. Gillin (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YA3TzmnYRpYC">Prescriptions for saving China: selected writings of Sun Yat-sen</a>. Hoover Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-9281-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-9281-1"><bdi>978-0-8179-9281-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816170004/https://books.google.com/books?id=YA3TzmnYRpYC">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023. <q>The party first applied Sun's concept of political tutelage by governing through martial law, not tolerating opposition parties, controlling the public media, and using the 1947 constitution drawn up on the China mainland to govern. Thus, much of the world in those years gave the government low scores for democracy and human rights but admitted it had accomplished an economic miracle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prescriptions+for+saving+China%3A+selected+writings+of+Sun+Yat-sen&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-9281-1&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Yat-sen&rft.au=Julie+Lee+Wei&rft.au=Ramon+Hawley+Myers&rft.au=Donald+G.+Gillin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYA3TzmnYRpYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaoRamon_Hawley_Myers1997" class="citation book cs1">Chao, Linda; Ramon Hawley Myers (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tIiAd4MABAIC">Democracy's new leaders in the Republic of China on Taiwan</a>. Hoover Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-3802-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-3802-4"><bdi>978-0-8179-3802-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816170011/https://books.google.com/books?id=tIiAd4MABAIC">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023. <q>Although this party [the KMT] had initiated a democratic breakthrough and guided the democratic transition, it had also upheld martial law for thirty-six years and severely repressed political dissent and any efforts to establish an opposition party. ... How was it possible that this party, so hated by opposition politicians and long regarded by Western critics as a dictatorial, Leninist-type party, still remained in power?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy%27s+new+leaders+in+the+Republic+of+China+on+Taiwan&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-3802-4&rft.aulast=Chao&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Ramon+Hawley+Myers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtIiAd4MABAIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFung200067-251"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFung200067_251-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFung2000">Fung (2000)</a>, p. 67: "Nanjing was not only undemocratic and repressive but also inefficient and corrupt. ... Furthermore, like other authoritarian regimes, the GMD sought to control people's mind." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFung200085-252"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFung200085_252-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFung2000">Fung (2000)</a>, p. 85: "The response to national emergency, critics argued, was not merely military, it was, even more important, political, requiring the termination of one-party dictatorship and the development of democratic institutions." </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopper2005" class="citation book cs1">Copper, John Franklin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=761bWuEtEfEC">Consolidating Taiwan's democracy</a>. University Press of America. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2977-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-2977-5"><bdi>978-0-7618-2977-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816171005/https://books.google.com/books?id=761bWuEtEfEC">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023. <q>Also, the "Temporary Provisions" (of the Constitution) did not permit forming new political parties, and those that existed at this time did not seriously compete with the Nationalist Party. Thus, at the national level the KMT did not permit competitive democratic elections.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consolidating+Taiwan%27s+democracy&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-2977-5&rft.aulast=Copper&rft.aufirst=John+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D761bWuEtEfEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChouNathan1987" class="citation journal cs1">Chou, Yangsun; Nathan, Andrew J. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mscas/vol1987/iss3/">"Democratizing Transition in Taiwan"</a>. 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1389&context=jil">"Cold War Triumph – Taiwan Democratized in Spite of U.S. Efforts"</a>. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. 36 (1): 137–181. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230311021237/https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1389&context=jil">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Case+Western+Reserve+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Cold+War+Triumph+%E2%80%93+Taiwan+Democratized+in+Spite+of+U.S.+Efforts&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=137-181&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ko&rft.aufirst=Jim+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.case.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1389%26context%3Djil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kagan-256"><a href="#cite_ref-Kagan_256-0">^</a> Richard Kagan. Taiwan's Statesman: Lee Teng-hui and Democracy in Asia. Naval Institute Press, 2014. p. 91-93. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61251-755-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61251-755-1">978-1-61251-755-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/asia_pacific/2000/taiwan_elections2000/1972_1986.stm">"Out with the old"</a>. BBC News. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223024239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/asia_pacific/2000/taiwan_elections2000/1972_1986.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Out+with+the+old&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fin_depth%2Fasia_pacific%2F2000%2Ftaiwan_elections2000%2F1972_1986.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/08/taiwan-president-to-propose-end-to-islands-martial-law/363c7248-ccc9-4173-8599-419a587b5800/">"Taiwan President to Propose End to Island's Martial Law"</a>. The Washington Post. 8 October 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328162657/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/08/taiwan-president-to-propose-end-to-islands-martial-law/363c7248-ccc9-4173-8599-419a587b5800/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Taiwan+President+to+Propose+End+to+Island%27s+Martial+Law&rft.date=1986-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1986%2F10%2F08%2Ftaiwan-president-to-propose-end-to-islands-martial-law%2F363c7248-ccc9-4173-8599-419a587b5800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoutherl1987" class="citation news cs1">Southerl, Daniel (15 July 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/07/15/after-38-years-taiwan-lifts-martial-law/6ba420e6-f061-467a-9647-63858e4956b3/">"After 38 Years, Taiwan Lifts Martial Law"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328162657/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/07/15/after-38-years-taiwan-lifts-martial-law/6ba420e6-f061-467a-9647-63858e4956b3/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=After+38+Years%2C+Taiwan+Lifts+Martial+Law&rft.date=1987-07-15&rft.aulast=Southerl&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1987%2F07%2F15%2Fafter-38-years-taiwan-lifts-martial-law%2F6ba420e6-f061-467a-9647-63858e4956b3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=F0120018">"Compensation Act for Wrongful Trials on Charges of Sedition and Espionage during the Martial Law Period"</a>. Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Retrieved 10 December 2022. <q>if the case took place in Kinmen, Matsu, Dongsha and Nansha, the term "martial law period" refers to the period of time from December 10, 1948 to November 6, 1992.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+and+Regulations+Database+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=Compensation+Act+for+Wrongful+Trials+on+Charges+of+Sedition+and+Espionage+during+the+Martial+Law+Period&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.moj.gov.tw%2FENG%2FLawClass%2FLawAll.aspx%3Fpcode%3DF0120018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-01-14-mn-36123-story.html">"Taiwan Leader Chiang Dies; Pushed Reform"</a>. 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Taipei Times. <q>... Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Chairperson Tsai Ing-wen ... said the ROC was Taiwan and Taiwan was the ROC ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Tsai+affirms+recognition+of+the+ROC&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.aulast=Mo&rft.aufirst=Yan-chih&rft.au=Chung%2C+Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2011%2F10%2F10%2F2003515353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShihXie2020" class="citation news cs1">Shih, Hsiao-kuang; Xie, Dennis (20 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/06/20/2003738531">"KMT task force unveils four pillars for stable, peaceful cross-strait relations"</a>. Taipei Times. Retrieved 20 June 2020. <q>... the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ... acknowledge that there is 'one China,' with each side having its own interpretation of what 'China' means.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=KMT+task+force+unveils+four+pillars+for+stable%2C+peaceful+cross-strait+relations&rft.date=2020-06-20&rft.aulast=Shih&rft.aufirst=Hsiao-kuang&rft.au=Xie%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2020%2F06%2F20%2F2003738531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShi2022" class="citation news cs1">Shi, Jiangtao (20 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3193182/beijing-may-use-anti-secession-law-seek-taiwan-reunification">"Beijing may use Anti-Secession Law to seek Taiwan reunification, Wang says"</a>. South China Morning Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314095520/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3193182/beijing-may-use-anti-secession-law-seek-taiwan-reunification">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023. <q>The 2005 Anti-Secession Law provides a legal framework for Beijing to use non-peaceful means to guard against pro-independence forces in Taiwan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Beijing+may+use+Anti-Secession+Law+to+seek+Taiwan+reunification%2C+Wang+says&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=Jiangtao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F3193182%2Fbeijing-may-use-anti-secession-law-seek-taiwan-reunification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=8A319E37A32E01EA&sms=2413CFE1BCE87E0E&s=D1B0D66D5788F2DE">"The Official Position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) on the People's Republic of China's Anti-Secession (Anti-Separation) Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a>. 29 March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608211551/https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=8A319E37A32E01EA&sms=2413CFE1BCE87E0E&s=D1B0D66D5788F2DE">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023. <q>[The intention of the 'Anti-Secession Law' is] to establish a legal basis for the military invasion of Taiwan: Through the 'Anti-Secession Law', China has changed its Taiwan policy from a mere political statement to a legal basis, paving the way for an invasion of Taiwan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Position+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29+on+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%27s+Anti-Secession+%28Anti-Separation%29+Law&rft.pub=Mainland+Affairs+Council&rft.date=2005-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac.gov.tw%2Fen%2FNews_Content.aspx%3Fn%3D8A319E37A32E01EA%26sms%3D2413CFE1BCE87E0E%26s%3DD1B0D66D5788F2DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/independence_debate.stm">"Taiwan Flashpoint: Independence Debate"</a>. BBC News. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402150151/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/independence_debate.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Flashpoint%3A+Independence+Debate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fasia_pac%2F04%2Ftaiwan_flashpoint%2Fhtml%2Findependence_debate.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2007-322"><a href="#cite_ref-AP2007_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/taiwan-party-asserts-separate-identity-1.258300">"Taiwan party asserts separate identity from China"</a>. The Associated Press. 30 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211122716/https://www.ctvnews.ca/taiwan-party-asserts-separate-identity-1.258300">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Taiwan+party+asserts+separate+identity+from+China&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Ftaiwan-party-asserts-separate-identity-1.258300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrisis_Group2003" class="citation web cs1">Crisis Group (6 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709035143/http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1653&l=1">"Taiwan Strait I: What's Left of 'One China'?"</a>. International Crisis Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1653&l=1">the original</a> on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Strait+I%3A+What%27s+Left+of+%27One+China%27%3F&rft.pub=International+Crisis+Group&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.au=Crisis+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fhome%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D1653%26l%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirk2007" class="citation book cs1">Shirk, Susan L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinafragilesupe00shir">China: Fragile Superpower</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530609-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530609-5"><bdi>978-0-19-530609-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+Fragile+Superpower&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530609-5&rft.aulast=Shirk&rft.aufirst=Susan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinafragilesupe00shir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129238">"讓全球綠黨的願景在台灣實現，守護公平正義的最佳第三勢力"</a>. The News Lens. 27 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627020930/https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129238">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023. <q>台灣綠黨是最早表態支持蔡總統連任的小黨，護台抗中、反紅禦韓的立場鮮明，頻頻出戰，讓綠黨被對手批評是小綠、側翼，甚至還被柯文哲羞辱是比皇帝還著急的太監。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Lens&rft.atitle=%E8%AE%93%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%B6%A0%E9%BB%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%98%E6%99%AF%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AF%A6%E7%8F%BE%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%88%E8%AD%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8B%A2%E5%8A%9B&rft.date=2019-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewslens.com%2Farticle%2F129238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-panblue-reunif-chineseid-326">^ <a href="#cite_ref-panblue-reunif-chineseid_326-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-panblue-reunif-chineseid_326-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPares2005" class="citation book cs1">Pares, Susan (24 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xJKePP5ATKUC">A political and economic dictionary of East Asia</a>. Routledge. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-258-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-258-9"><bdi>978-1-85743-258-9</bdi></a>. <q>The Pan-Blue coalition on the whole favours a Chinese nationalist identity and policies supporting reunification and increased economic links with the People's Republic of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+political+and+economic+dictionary+of+East+Asia&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-02-24&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-258-9&rft.aulast=Pares&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxJKePP5ATKUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuangJames2014" class="citation journal cs1">Huang, Chin-Hao; James, Patrick (2014). "Blue, Green or Aquamarine? Taiwan and the Status Quo Preference in Cross-Strait Relations". The China Quarterly. 219 (219): 670–692. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0305741014000745">10.1017/S0305741014000745</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24740633">24740633</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40724777">40724777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Blue%2C+Green+or+Aquamarine%3F+Taiwan+and+the+Status+Quo+Preference+in+Cross-Strait+Relations&rft.volume=219&rft.issue=219&rft.pages=670-692&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40724777%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24740633%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0305741014000745&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Chin-Hao&rft.au=James%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoAhn2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cho, Young Chul; Ahn, Mun Suk (2017). 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International Journal. 72 (1): 79–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0020702017692608">10.1177/0020702017692608</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26414076">26414076</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151892075">151892075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal&rft.atitle=Taiwan%27s+international+visibility+in+the+twenty-first+century%3A+A+suggestive+note&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-90&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151892075%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26414076%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0020702017692608&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Young+Chul&rft.au=Ahn%2C+Mun+Suk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MasClaimtoMainland-329"><a href="#cite_ref-MasClaimtoMainland_329-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKo2008" class="citation news cs1">Ko, Shu-Ling (8 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320">"Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview"</a>. Taipei Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090603213128/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Ma+refers+to+China+as+ROC+territory+in+magazine+interview&rft.date=2008-10-08&rft.aulast=Ko&rft.aufirst=Shu-Ling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2008%2F10%2F08%2F2003425320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinapost.com.tw-330"><a href="#cite_ref-chinapost.com.tw_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092524/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm">"Taiwan and China in 'special relations': Ma"</a>. China Post. 4 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm">the original</a> on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Post&rft.atitle=Taiwan+and+China+in+%27special+relations%27%3A+Ma&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Ftaiwan%2Fchina-taiwan%2520relations%2F2008%2F09%2F04%2F173082%2FTaiwan-and.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Courtney Donovan (21 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4576006">"How pro-China is the KMT now?"</a>. Taiwan News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230129014003/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4576006">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=How+pro-China+is+the+KMT+now%3F&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Courtney+Donovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F4576006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nccu-332">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nccu_332-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nccu_332-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7800&id=6961">"Taiwanese / Chinese Identity(1992/06~2021/06)"</a>. Election Study Center. <a href="/wiki/National_Chengchi_University" title="National Chengchi University">National Chengchi University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306094327/https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7800&id=6961">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Election+Study+Center&rft.atitle=Taiwanese+%2F+Chinese+Identity%281992%2F06~2021%2F06%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesc.nccu.edu.tw%2FPageDoc%2FDetail%3Ffid%3D7800%26id%3D6961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-power-shift-333"><a href="#cite_ref-power-shift_333-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShambaugh2006" class="citation book cs1">Shambaugh, David L. (2006). Power shift. University of California Press. pp. 179–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24570-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24570-9"><bdi>978-0-520-24570-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+shift&rft.pages=179-183&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24570-9&rft.aulast=Shambaugh&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkazaki2008" class="citation news cs1">Okazaki, Hisahiko (30 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20081230ho.html">"No sign of a 'peace agreement'"</a>. Japan Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714162422/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/eo20081230ho.html%23.UAGdJqgo9Rw">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2009. <q>For one thing, I believe there is recognition that the awareness of Taiwanese identity is now irreversible. The KMT government did things like rename the "Taiwan Post" to "Chunghwa Post" as soon as it came in. But it did not take much time to perceive that it would cause a backlash among the Taiwan populace. The cross-strait exchanges have also brought about opposition demonstrations from time to time. This appears to be one of the reasons for the abrupt decline in the approval rating of the Ma administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft.atitle=No+sign+of+a+%27peace+agreement%27&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft.aulast=Okazaki&rft.aufirst=Hisahiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Feo20081230ho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071024135148/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1211639,00.html">"10 Questions: Ma Ying-jeou"</a>. Time. 10 July 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1211639,00.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2009. <q>I am Taiwanese as well as Chinese.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=10+Questions%3A+Ma+Ying-jeou&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1211639%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429190528/http://www.gvm.com.tw/gvsrc/200907_GVSRC_others_E.pdf">"Survey on President Ma's Approval Rating and Cross-Strait Relations After First Year of Direct Flights"</a> (PDF). Global Views Survey Research Center. 24 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gvm.com.tw/gvsrc/200907_GVSRC_others_E.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Survey+on+President+Ma%27s+Approval+Rating+and+Cross-Strait+Relations+After+First+Year+of+Direct+Flights&rft.pub=Global+Views+Survey+Research+Center&rft.date=2009-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gvm.com.tw%2Fgvsrc%2F200907_GVSRC_others_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chengchiIndepUnif-337"><a href="#cite_ref-chengchiIndepUnif_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7801&id=6963">"Taiwan Independence vs. Unification with the Mainland"</a>. Election Study Center, <a href="/wiki/National_Chengchi_University" title="National Chengchi University">National Chengchi University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026231952/https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7801&id=6963">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Independence+vs.+Unification+with+the+Mainland&rft.pub=Election+Study+Center%2C+National+Chengchi+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesc.nccu.edu.tw%2FPageDoc%2FDetail%3Ffid%3D7801%26id%3D6963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HortonNYT2018-338">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HortonNYT2018_338-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HortonNYT2018_338-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton2018" class="citation news cs1">Horton, Chris (26 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/world/asia/taiwan-election.html">"Taiwan Asked Voters 10 Questions. It Got Some Unexpected Answers. (Published 2018)"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Asked+Voters+10+Questions.+It+Got+Some+Unexpected+Answers.+%28Published+2018%29&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F26%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Ftaiwan-election.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevlinHuang2020" class="citation web cs1">Devlin, Kat; Huang, Christine (12 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/05/12/in-taiwan-views-of-mainland-china-mostly-negative/">"In Taiwan, Views of Mainland China Mostly Negative"</a>. Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616052858/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/05/12/in-taiwan-views-of-mainland-china-mostly-negative/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Global+Attitudes+Project&rft.atitle=In+Taiwan%2C+Views+of+Mainland+China+Mostly+Negative&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Devlin&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft.au=Huang%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fglobal%2F2020%2F05%2F12%2Fin-taiwan-views-of-mainland-china-mostly-negative%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnav2008" class="citation news cs1">Enav, Peter (16 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/05/16/156644/Unification-with.htm">"Unification with China unlikely 'in our lifetimes': president-elect"</a>. China Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090616151325/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/05/16/156644/Unification-with.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2009. <q>'It is very difficult for us to see any unification talks even in our lifetimes,' Ma said. 'Taiwanese people would like to have economic interactions with the mainland, but obviously they don't believe their political system is suitable for Taiwan.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Post&rft.atitle=Unification+with+China+unlikely+%27in+our+lifetimes%27%3A+president-elect&rft.date=2008-05-16&rft.aulast=Enav&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinapost.com.tw%2Ftaiwan%2Fnational%2Fnational%2520news%2F2008%2F05%2F16%2F156644%2FUnification-with.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092648/http://www.oem.com.mx/oem/notas/n836891.htm">"Impulsa Taiwan la reconciliación"</a>. El Sol de México (in Spanish). 2 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oem.com.mx/oem/notas/n836891.htm">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2009. <q>Esencialmente, no definiríamos la relación a través del estrecho de Taiwan como una relación de dos países o dos Chinas, porque nuestra Constitución no lo permite. Nosotros definiríamos está relación como una relación muy especial, ya que la Constitución nuestra, igual que la Constitución de China continental, no permite la existencia de otro país dentro del territorio.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Sol+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.atitle=Impulsa+Taiwan+la+reconciliaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oem.com.mx%2Foem%2Fnotas%2Fn836891.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/independence_debate.stm">"Taiwan Flashpoint: Independence debate"</a>. BBC News. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418043136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/independence_debate.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2012. <q>Since neither outcome looks likely in the short or even medium term, it is perhaps not surprising that opinion polls suggest most Taiwanese people want things to stay as they are, with the island's ambiguous status unresolved.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Flashpoint%3A+Independence+debate&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fasia_pac%2F04%2Ftaiwan_flashpoint%2Fhtml%2Findependence_debate.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cha21-343"><a href="#cite_ref-cha21_343-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2021" class="citation news cs1">Chapman, Alex (14 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://7news.com.au/travel/china/chinas-media-mouthpiece-issues-thinly-veiled-warning-to-australia-amid-tension-over-taiwan-c-4551154">"China's media mouthpiece issues thinly-veiled warning to Australia amid tension over Taiwan"</a>. 7News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113231043/https://7news.com.au/travel/china/chinas-media-mouthpiece-issues-thinly-veiled-warning-to-australia-amid-tension-over-taiwan-c-4551154">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021. <q>Taiwan says it is an independent country and will defend itself if China attacks.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=7News&rft.atitle=China%27s+media+mouthpiece+issues+thinly-veiled+warning+to+Australia+amid+tension+over+Taiwan&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F7news.com.au%2Ftravel%2Fchina%2Fchinas-media-mouthpiece-issues-thinly-veiled-warning-to-australia-amid-tension-over-taiwan-c-4551154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc21-344">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc21_344-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc21_344-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58860365">"China-Taiwan tensions: We will not bow to Beijing pressure, says leader"</a>. BBC News. BBC. 10 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010044827/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58860365">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=China-Taiwan+tensions%3A+We+will+not+bow+to+Beijing+pressure%2C+says+leader&rft.date=2021-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-58860365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-srf21-345">^ <a href="#cite_ref-srf21_345-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-srf21_345-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/news/international/militaerjets-aus-china-luftraumverletzungen-in-taiwan-es-geht-um-einschuechterung">"Luftraumverletzungen in Taiwan: Es geht um Einschüchterung"</a> [Airspace intrusion in Taiwan: It's about intimidation]. <a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Radio_und_Fernsehen" title="Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen">Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen</a> (in Swiss High German). 5 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816172146/https://www.srf.ch/news/international/strategie-der-einschuechterung-chinesische-militaerjets-in-taiwans-luftraumueberwachungszone">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schweizer+Radio+und+Fernsehen&rft.atitle=Luftraumverletzungen+in+Taiwan%3A+Es+geht+um+Einsch%C3%BCchterung&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srf.ch%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fmilitaerjets-aus-china-luftraumverletzungen-in-taiwan-es-geht-um-einschuechterung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gra21-346"><a href="#cite_ref-gra21_346-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Grant_(journalist)" title="Stan Grant (journalist)">Grant, Stan</a> (10 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-10/china-xi-jinping-attacking-taiwan-about-identity-so-dangerous/100524868">"For China's Xi Jinping, attacking Taiwan is about identity – that's what makes it so dangerous"</a>. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009193253/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-10/china-xi-jinping-attacking-taiwan-about-identity-so-dangerous/100524868">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=For+China%27s+Xi+Jinping%2C+attacking+Taiwan+is+about+identity+%E2%80%93+that%27s+what+makes+it+so+dangerous&rft.date=2021-10-10&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2021-10-10%2Fchina-xi-jinping-attacking-taiwan-about-identity-so-dangerous%2F100524868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dpa21-10-347"><a href="#cite_ref-dpa21-10_347-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdpa2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Presse-Agentur" title="Deutsche Presse-Agentur">dpa</a> (13 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/konflikte-china-manoever-sollen-druck-auf-taiwan-und-usa-verstaerken-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-211013-99-578083">"China: Manöver sollen Druck auf Taiwan und USA verstärken"</a> [China: Maneuvers intended to increase pressure on Taiwan and the USA]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002213726/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/konflikte-china-manoever-sollen-druck-auf-taiwan-und-usa-verstaerken-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-211013-99-578083">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2021. <q>Ohnehin versteht sich Taiwan längst selbst als unabhängig.</q> [In any case, Taiwan has long seen itself as independent.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=China%3A+Man%C3%B6ver+sollen+Druck+auf+Taiwan+und+USA+verst%C3%A4rken&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft.au=dpa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fkonflikte-china-manoever-sollen-druck-auf-taiwan-und-usa-verstaerken-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-211013-99-578083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonline.com/chinaindia/china/taiwanese-premiers-independence-stance-incurs-beijings-wrath">"Taiwanese premier's independence stance incurs Beijing's wrath"</a>. TODAYonline. 28 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006112007/http://www.todayonline.com/chinaindia/china/taiwanese-premiers-independence-stance-incurs-beijings-wrath">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwanese+premier%27s+independence+stance+incurs+Beijing%27s+wrath&rft.pub=TODAYonline&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonline.com%2Fchinaindia%2Fchina%2Ftaiwanese-premiers-independence-stance-incurs-beijings-wrath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tfp09-349"><a href="#cite_ref-tfp09_349-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/present_status.stm">"Taiwan flashpoint: Introduction – Present status"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205164959/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/present_status.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020. <q>But Taiwan's leaders say it is clearly much more than a province, arguing that it is a sovereign state. It has its own constitution, democratically-elected leaders, and 400,000 troops in its armed forces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Taiwan+flashpoint%3A+Introduction+%E2%80%93+Present+status&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fasia_pac%2F04%2Ftaiwan_flashpoint%2Fhtml%2Fpresent_status.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2015" class="citation book cs1">Chang, Bi-yu (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hgaUBwAAQBAJ&q=9781317658122&pg=PA58">Place, Identity, and National Imagination in Post-war Taiwan</a>. University of London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 35–40, 46–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-65812-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-65812-2"><bdi>978-1-317-65812-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002210440/https://books.google.com/books?id=hgaUBwAAQBAJ&q=9781317658122&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q=9781317658122&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Place%2C+Identity%2C+and+National+Imagination+in+Post-war+Taiwan&rft.place=University+of+London&rft.pages=35-40%2C+46-60&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-65812-2&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Bi-yu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhgaUBwAAQBAJ%26q%3D9781317658122%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/countries/china">"Countries – China"</a>. US Department of State, Office of the Historian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415013135/https://history.state.gov/countries/china">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021. 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JSTOR. </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> Eyal Propper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325191248/http://israelcfr.com/documents/issue5_china.pdf">"How China Views its National Security,"</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Israel Council on Foreign Relations">The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs</a>, May 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/735611?ln=en">"General Assembly, 26th session: 1976th plenary meeting, Monday, 25 October 1971, New York (A/PV.1976)"</a>. United Nations Digital Library. 1974. p. 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215090149/https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/735611?ln=en">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Assembly%2C+26th+session%3A+1976th+plenary+meeting%2C+Monday%2C+25+October+1971%2C+New+York+%28A%2FPV.1976%29&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=United+Nations+Digital+Library&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.un.org%2Frecord%2F735611%3Fln%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenckaerts1996" class="citation book cs1">Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&pg=PA96">The international status of Taiwan in the new world order</a>. <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</a>. pp. 96–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-0929-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-0929-3"><bdi>978-90-411-0929-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002213726/https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2024. 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Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics. 11 (1). <a href="/wiki/Matej_Bel_University" title="Matej Bel University">Matej Bel University</a>: 39–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fjnmlp-2017-0003">10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158957023">158957023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nationalism%2C+Memory+%26+Language+Politics&rft.atitle=Between+Diplomacy+and+Paradiplomacy%3A+Taiwan%27s+Foreign+Relations+in+Current+Practice&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-57&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fjnmlp-2017-0003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158957023%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pajtinka&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%252Fjnmlp-2017-0003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRA-review-358">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TRA-review_358-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TRA-review_358-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Yates" title="Stephen J. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jDzKLVZ7X2dz8yrsshklcJZh38Cg">the original</a> on 6 February 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China%3A+US+spat+over+Taiwan+could+hit+co-operation&rft.date=2010-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jDzKLVZ7X2dz8yrsshklcJZh38Cg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/14/obama-to-push-ahead-on-taiwan-frigate-sales-despite-chinese-anger.html">"Obama to push ahead on Taiwan frigate sales despite Chinese anger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 14 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170529195323/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/14/obama-to-push-ahead-on-taiwan-frigate-sales-despite-chinese-anger.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama+to+push+ahead+on+Taiwan+frigate+sales+despite+Chinese+anger&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2015%2F12%2F14%2Fobama-to-push-ahead-on-taiwan-frigate-sales-despite-chinese-anger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UsPolicyToTaiwan-361"><a href="#cite_ref-UsPolicyToTaiwan_361-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2004" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Kelly, James A. 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Retrieved 17 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+US+Policy+Towards+Taiwan&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=2004-04-21&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fp%2Feap%2Frls%2Frm%2F2004%2F31649.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kan20092-362"><a href="#cite_ref-Kan20092_362-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKan2009" class="citation book cs1">Kan, Shirley (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJSHhOZo_j8C&pg=PA52">Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990</a>. DIANE Publishing. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-2041-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-2041-3"><bdi>978-1-4379-2041-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816172305/https://books.google.com/books?id=fJSHhOZo_j8C&pg=PA52#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+Major+U.S.+Arms+Sales+Since+1990&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft.date=2009-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4379-2041-3&rft.aulast=Kan&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJSHhOZo_j8C%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSana_Hashmi2021" class="citation web cs1">Sana Hashmi (5 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/perfecting-taiwans-new-southbound-policy/">"Perfecting Taiwan's New Southbound Policy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230125053859/https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/perfecting-taiwans-new-southbound-policy/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Perfecting+Taiwan%27s+New+Southbound+Policy&rft.date=2021-02-05&rft.au=Sana+Hashmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2021%2F02%2Fperfecting-taiwans-new-southbound-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/08/30/2003763471">"Southbound Policy options discussed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a>. 30 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125092725/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/08/30/2003763471">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Southbound+Policy+options+discussed&rft.date=2021-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2021%2F08%2F30%2F2003763471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRalph_Jennings2019" class="citation web cs1">Ralph Jennings (28 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/2187922/illegal-immigration-disrupts-taiwans-economic-shift-away-china">"Illegal immigration disrupt Taiwan's economic shift away from China and towards Southeast Asia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210504063103/https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/2187922/illegal-immigration-disrupts-taiwans-economic-shift-away-china">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Illegal+immigration+disrupt+Taiwan%27s+economic+shift+away+from+China+and+towards+Southeast+Asia&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.au=Ralph+Jennings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Feconomy%2Fchina-economy%2Farticle%2F2187922%2Fillegal-immigration-disrupts-taiwans-economic-shift-away-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMimi_Leung2019" class="citation web cs1">Mimi Leung (7 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190107175952304">"Indonesia suspends student internships to Taiwan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_World_News" title="University World News">University World News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125092734/https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190107175952304">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+World+News&rft.atitle=Indonesia+suspends+student+internships+to+Taiwan&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.au=Mimi+Leung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universityworldnews.com%2Fpost.php%3Fstory%3D20190107175952304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyodo2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kyodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyodo">Kyodo</a> (29 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3024913/migrant-workers-death-hands-taiwan-police-highlights-failings">"Migrant worker's death at hands of Taiwan police highlights failings in labour system"</a>. South China Morning Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231021002443/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3024913/migrant-workers-death-hands-taiwan-police-highlights-failings">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2023. <q>A combination of factors – rules of employment, limited education, poor Chinese-language skills and corruption – have long made such workers targets of abuse, leading foreign governments to express concern about their citizens employed in Taiwan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Migrant+worker%27s+death+at+hands+of+Taiwan+police+highlights+failings+in+labour+system&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft.au=Kyodo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fsociety%2Farticle%2F3024913%2Fmigrant-workers-death-hands-taiwan-police-highlights-failings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJa_Ian_Chong2019" class="citation web cs1">Ja Ian Chong (10 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/taiwan%E2%80%99s-new-southbound-policy-accomplishments-and-perceptions">"Taiwan's New Southbound Policy: Accomplishments and Perceptions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/East-West_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Center">East-West Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125092726/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/taiwan%E2%80%99s-new-southbound-policy-accomplishments-and-perceptions">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East-West+Center&rft.atitle=Taiwan%27s+New+Southbound+Policy%3A+Accomplishments+and+Perceptions&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.au=Ja+Ian+Chong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastwestcenter.org%2Fpublications%2Ftaiwan%25E2%2580%2599s-new-southbound-policy-accomplishments-and-perceptions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChou2020" class="citation web cs1">Chou, Bryan (5 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://international.thenewslens.com/article/142835">"Taiwan, Indonesia Spar Over Migrant Worker Fees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_News_Lens" title="The News Lens">The News Lens</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125092727/https://international.thenewslens.com/article/142835">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+Lens&rft.atitle=Taiwan%2C+Indonesia+Spar+Over+Migrant+Worker+Fees&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternational.thenewslens.com%2Farticle%2F142835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/15447">"Perbudakan ABK di Taiwan Mendapat Perhatian Khusus Dewan"</a> [ABK slavery in Taiwan Receives Special Attention from the Council]. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Representative Council">People's Representative Council</a> (in Indonesian). 7 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230125092729/https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/15447">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Representative+Council&rft.atitle=Perbudakan+ABK+di+Taiwan+Mendapat+Perhatian+Khusus+Dewan&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpr.go.id%2Fberita%2Fdetail%2Fid%2F15447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2017" class="citation book cs1">Huang, Jing (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w76wpm.16">"Xi Jinping's Taiwan Policy: Boxing Taiwan In with the One-China Framework"</a>. In Dittmer, Lowell (ed.). Taiwan and China: Fitful Embrace (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 239–248. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w76wpm">10.1525/j.ctt1w76wpm</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Xi+Jinping%27s+Taiwan+Policy%3A+Boxing+Taiwan+In+with+the+One-China+Framework&rft.btitle=Taiwan+and+China%3A+Fitful+Embrace&rft.pages=239-248&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fj.ctt1w76wpm%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fj.ctt1w76wpm.16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShattuck2020" class="citation journal cs1">Shattuck, Thomas J. 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""One Country, Two Systems": A Theoretical Analysis". Asian Affairs: An American Review. 14 (2): 107–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00927678.1987.10553643">10.1080/00927678.1987.10553643</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30172037">30172037</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Affairs%3A+An+American+Review&rft.atitle=%22One+Country%2C+Two+Systems%22%3A+A+Theoretical+Analysis&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=107-124&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00927678.1987.10553643&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30172037%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Chao&rft.aufirst=Chien-Min&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2016" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, Gang (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwan.sjtu.edu.cn/Beijing%E2%80%99s%20New%20Strategies%20toward%20a%20Changing%20Taiwan.pdf">"Beijing's New Strategies toward a Changing Taiwan"</a> (PDF). Journal of Contemporary China. 25 (99): 321–335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10670564.2015.1104863">10.1080/10670564.2015.1104863</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155357074">155357074</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217053049/https://taiwan.sjtu.edu.cn/Beijing%E2%80%99s%20New%20Strategies%20toward%20a%20Changing%20Taiwan.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+China&rft.atitle=Beijing%27s+New+Strategies+toward+a+Changing+Taiwan&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=99&rft.pages=321-335&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10670564.2015.1104863&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155357074%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Gang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwan.sjtu.edu.cn%2FBeijing%25E2%2580%2599s%2520New%2520Strategies%2520toward%2520a%2520Changing%2520Taiwan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scmp2014sep27-375"><a href="#cite_ref-scmp2014sep27_375-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChung2014" class="citation news cs1">Chung, Lawrence (27 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1601307/one-country-two-systems-right-formula-taiwan-xi-jinping-reiterates?page=all">"'One country, two systems' right formula for Taiwan, Xi Jinping reiterates"</a>. 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The Brookings Institution.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Formosa%3A+A+Problem+for+United+States+Foreign+Policy&rft.pub=The+Brookings+Institution&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Ballantine&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States1949" class="citation book cs1">United States (1949). United States relations with China, with special reference to the period 1944–1949, based on the files of the Department of State. U.S. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+relations+with+China%2C+with+special+reference+to+the+period+1944%E2%80%931949%2C+based+on+the+files+of+the+Department+of+State&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1949&rft.au=United+States&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsü1982" class="citation book cs1">Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh (1982). China Without Mao: The Search for a New Order. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Without+Mao%3A+The+Search+for+a+New+Order&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Hs%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Immanuel+Chung-yueh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang1998" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script">Zhang, Yufa (1998), Zhonghua Minguo shigao <bdi lang="zh">中華民國史稿</bdi>, Lian jing (聯經), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/957-08-1826-3" title="Special:BookSources/957-08-1826-3"><bdi>957-08-1826-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zhonghua+Minguo+shigao+%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF&rft.pub=Lian+jing+%28%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=957-08-1826-3&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yufa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/introduction.stm">"Taiwan Flashpoint"</a>. BBC News. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Flashpoint&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fasia_pac%2F04%2Ftaiwan_flashpoint%2Fhtml%2Fintroduction.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bush, R.; O'Hanlon, M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warlikenoothertr0000bush">A War Like No Other: The Truth About China's Challenge to America</a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-98677-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-98677-5"><bdi>978-0-471-98677-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+Like+No+Other%3A+The+Truth+About+China%27s+Challenge+to+America&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-471-98677-5&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=O%27Hanlon%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarlikenoothertr0000bush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bush, R. (2006). Untying the Knot: Making Peace in the Taiwan Strait. Brookings Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-1290-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-1290-9"><bdi>978-0-8157-1290-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Untying+the+Knot%3A+Making+Peace+in+the+Taiwan+Strait&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-1290-9&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, T. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americascomingwa00carp">America's Coming War with China: A Collision Course over Taiwan</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6841-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6841-8"><bdi>978-1-4039-6841-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Coming+War+with+China%3A+A+Collision+Course+over+Taiwan&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-6841-8&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericascomingwa00carp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Clark, Cal; Tan, Alexander C. (2012). Taiwan's Political Economy: Meeting Challenges, Pursuing Progress. Lynne Rienner Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58826-806-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58826-806-8"><bdi>978-1-58826-806-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%27s+Political+Economy%3A+Meeting+Challenges%2C+Pursuing+Progress&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58826-806-8&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Cal&rft.au=Tan%2C+Alexander+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cole, B. (2006). Taiwan's Security: History and Prospects. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36581-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36581-9"><bdi>978-0-415-36581-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%27s+Security%3A+History+and+Prospects&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36581-9&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Copper, John Franklin (2019). Taiwan: Nation-state or province?. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+Nation-state+or+province%3F&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Copper&rft.aufirst=John+Franklin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Copper, J. (2006). Playing with Fire: The Looming War with China over Taiwan. Praeger Security International General Interest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98888-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98888-3"><bdi>978-0-275-98888-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playing+with+Fire%3A+The+Looming+War+with+China+over+Taiwan&rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International+General+Interest&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98888-3&rft.aulast=Copper&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Copper, John F, ed. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00cop_ehx">Historical dictionary of Taiwan</a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2608-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-2608-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-2608-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Taiwan&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-2608-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio00cop_ehx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Federation of American Scientists; et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/nuke/guide/china/Book2006.pdf">"Chinese Nuclear Forces and US Nuclear War Planning"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Nuclear+Forces+and+US+Nuclear+War+Planning&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Fchina%2FBook2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Feuerwerker, Albert (1968). The Chinese Economy, 1912–1949. University of Michigan Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Economy%2C+1912%E2%80%931949&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Feuerwerker&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Fravel, M. Taylor (2002). "Towards Civilian Supremacy: Civil-military Relations in Taiwan's Democratization". <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_%26_Society" title="Armed Forces & Society">Armed Forces & Society</a>. 29 (1): 57–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095327x0202900104">10.1177/0095327x0202900104</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146212666">146212666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Towards+Civilian+Supremacy%3A+Civil-military+Relations+in+Taiwan%27s+Democratization&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-84&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0095327x0202900104&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146212666%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=M.+Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kuo, Shirley W.Y.; Ranis, Gustav (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wGMPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PP1&dq=%22%2522Republic%2Bof%2BChina%2522%22">The Taiwan Success Story: Rapid Growith With Improved Distribution In The Republic Of China, 1952–1979</a>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiwan+Success+Story%3A+Rapid+Growith+With+Improved+Distribution+In+The+Republic+Of+China%2C+1952%26ndash%3B1979&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=Shirley+W.Y.&rft.au=Ranis%2C+Gustav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGMPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1%26dq%3D%2522%252522Republic%252Bof%252BChina%252522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lasater, Martin L. (2019). The Taiwan Issue in Sino-American Strategic Relations. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiwan+Issue+in+Sino-American+Strategic+Relations&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Lasater%2C+Martin+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Selby, Burnard (March 1955). "Formosa: The Historical Background". History Today. 5 (3): 186–194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=Formosa%3A+The+Historical+Background&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=186-194&rft.date=1955-03&rft.aulast=Selby&rft.aufirst=Burnard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Shirk, S. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinafragilesupe00shir">China: Fragile Superpower: How China's Internal Politics Could Derail Its Peaceful Rise</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530609-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530609-5"><bdi>978-0-19-530609-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+Fragile+Superpower%3A+How+China%27s+Internal+Politics+Could+Derail+Its+Peaceful+Rise&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530609-5&rft.aulast=Shirk&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinafragilesupe00shir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Tsang, S. (2006). If China Attacks Taiwan: Military Strategy, Politics and Economics. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-40785-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-40785-4"><bdi>978-0-415-40785-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=If+China+Attacks+Taiwan%3A+Military+Strategy%2C+Politics+and+Economics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-40785-4&rft.aulast=Tsang&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Tucker, N.B. (2005). Dangerous Strait: the US-Taiwan-China Crisis. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13564-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13564-1"><bdi>978-0-231-13564-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Strait%3A+the+US-Taiwan-China+Crisis&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13564-1&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=N.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Republic of China at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Republic_of_China" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Republic of China">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="c:中華民國">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Taiwan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Taiwan">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Taiwan" class="extiw" title="q:Taiwan">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Republic_of_China" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Republic of China">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Taiwan" class="extiw" title="b:Pinyin/Taiwan">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Republic_of_China" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Republic of China">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Taiwan" class="extiw" title="voy:Taiwan">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Taiwan <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Taiwan">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Taiwan&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overviews_and_data">Overviews and data</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/taiwan/">Taiwan</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120828223012/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/taiwan.htm">Taiwan</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16164639">Taiwan country profile</a> – <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35855.htm">Background Note: Taiwan</a> – US Department of State</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwandc.org/history.htm">Taiwan's 400 years of history</a>. New Taiwan, Ilha Formosa.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifs.du.edu/IFs/frm_CountryProfile/TW">Key Development Forecasts for Taiwan</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/countries/chinesetaipei/">Chinese Taipei</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Taiwan" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Taiwan">Wikimedia Atlas of Taiwan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_agencies">Government agencies</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/">Office of the Government</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.president.gov.tw/">Office of the President</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.ey.gov.tw/Index.aspx">Executive Yuan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.judicial.gov.tw/en/mp-2.html">Judicial Yuan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cy.gov.tw/en/">Control Yuan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exam.gov.tw/en/">Examination Yuan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.mofa.gov.tw/Default.aspx">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwanembassy.org/portalOfDiplomaticMission_en.html#ALL">Republic of China (Taiwan) Embassies and Missions Abroad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/">Taiwan, The Heart of Asia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223063050/http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/">Archived</a> 23 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Tourism Bureau. Republic of China (Taiwan).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taiwan_topics" title="Template:Taiwan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taiwan_topics" title="Template talk:Taiwan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taiwan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taiwan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taiwan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taiwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Taiwan-related_articles" title="Index of Taiwan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Taiwanese_history" title="Timeline of Taiwanese history">Timeline of Taiwanese history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Taiwan" title="List of archaeological sites in Taiwan">archaeological sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Chinese_contact_with_Taiwan" title="Early Chinese contact with Taiwan">Early Chinese contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Middag" title="Kingdom of Middag">Kingdom of Middag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">Taiwan under Qing rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Formosa" title="Republic of Formosa">Republic of Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan under Japanese rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Taiwan (1945–present)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Retreat to Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanbi_policy" title="Guanbi policy">Guanbi policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Policy_in_Taiwan%27s_White_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Policy in Taiwan's White Terror">Mandarin policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Taiwan" title="List of beaches in Taiwan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Taiwan" title="List of cities in Taiwan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan#Climate" title="Geography of Taiwan">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Taiwan" title="Deforestation in Taiwan">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Taiwan" title="List of earthquakes in Taiwan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_species_of_Taiwan" title="List of endemic species of Taiwan">Endemic species</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_species_in_Taiwan" title="List of protected species in Taiwan">Protected species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_hot_springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese hot springs">Hot springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Taiwan" title="List of lakes of Taiwan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Taiwan" title="List of mountains in Taiwan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Taiwan" title="National parks of Taiwan">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Taiwan" title="List of rivers of Taiwan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_scenic_areas_in_Taiwan" title="List of national scenic areas in Taiwan">Scenic areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_superlatives" title="List of Taiwanese superlatives">Superlatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Taiwan" title="List of volcanoes in Taiwan">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="GovernmentPoliticsEconomy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">politics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Taiwan" title="Censorship in Taiwan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Taiwan" title="Civil defense in Taiwan">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Human rights in Taiwan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Taiwan">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_(Taiwan)" title="National Security Bureau (Taiwan)">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Taiwan" title="Law of Taiwan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Taiwan" title="Law enforcement in Taiwan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Taiwan" title="Military history of Taiwan">Military history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_(Taiwan)" title="Office of the President (Taiwan)">Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_to_the_President_(Republic_of_China)" title="Secretary-General to the President (Republic of China)">Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice President of the Republic of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Republic_of_China" title="Propaganda in the Republic of China">Propaganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Taiwan" title="Regions of Taiwan">Regions of Taiwan</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_municipality_(Taiwan)" title="Special municipality (Taiwan)">Special municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Taiwan)" title="Provincial city (Taiwan)">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="List of administrative divisions of Taiwan">List of administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Taiwan" title="List of metropolitan areas in Taiwan">Metropolitan areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">Political issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Taiwan" title="Conscription in Taiwan">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dang_Guo" title="Dang Guo">Dang Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Sinicization" title="De-Sinicization">De-Sinicization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_divide_in_Taiwan" title="North–South divide in Taiwan">North–South divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity" title="Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_non-state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special non-state-to-state relations">Special non-state-to-state relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">Two Chinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Agriculture in Taiwan">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Taiwan" title="Aquaculture in Taiwan">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Floriculture in Taiwan">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Automotive industry in Taiwan">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Taiwan" title="Banking in Taiwan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Taiwan" title="List of banks in Taiwan">List of banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" title="Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Taiwan" title="List of companies of Taiwan">Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_Taiwan" title="List of largest companies in Taiwan">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned enterprises of Taiwan">State-owned enterprises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Taiwan" title="Defense industry of Taiwan">Defense industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">Dollar (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Taiwan" title="Economic history of Taiwan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Taiwan" title="Energy in Taiwan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Taiwan" title="Forestry in Taiwan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_industries_of_Taiwan" title="Maritime industries of Taiwan">Maritime industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Taiwan" title="Mining in Taiwan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Semiconductor industry in Taiwan">Semiconductor industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Stock_Exchange" title="Taiwan Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Miracle" title="Taiwan Miracle">Taiwan Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Taiwan" title="Taxation in Taiwan">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Textile industry in Taiwan">Textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Taiwan" title="Tourism in Taiwan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Taiwan" title="Transportation in Taiwan">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Invoice_lottery" title="Uniform Invoice lottery">Uniform Invoice lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Taiwan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="National_SymbolsPeopleSocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>National Symbols</li><li>People</li><li>Society</li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="National symbols">National symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="National Anthem of the Republic of China">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Taiwan">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proposed_flags_of_Taiwan" title="Proposed flags of Taiwan">proposed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Flower_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Flower of the Republic of China">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Seals_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Seals of the Republic of China">Seals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Taiwan" title="Demographics of Taiwan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_Taiwan" title="List of Indigenous peoples of Taiwan">Ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Hans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Taiwanese" title="Hoklo Taiwanese">Hoklos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Taiwanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka Taiwanese">Hakkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waishengren" title="Waishengren">Waishengren</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Languages of Taiwan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atayal_language" title="Atayal language">Atayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunun_language" title="Bunun language">Bunun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanakanavu_language" title="Kanakanavu language">Kanakanavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalan_language" title="Kavalan language">Kavalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiwan_language" title="Paiwan language">Paiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyuma_language" title="Puyuma language">Puyuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukai_language" title="Rukai language">Rukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saaroa_language" title="Saaroa language">Saaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisiyat_language" title="Saisiyat language">Saisiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakizaya_language" title="Sakizaya language">Sakizaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seediq_language" title="Seediq language">Seediq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thao_language" title="Thao language">Thao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsou_language" title="Tsou language">Tsou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu dialect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Sign Language">Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Taiwan" title="Architecture of Taiwan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Taiwan" title="Crime in Taiwan">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Taiwan" title="Organized crime in Taiwan">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Taiwan" title="Sex trafficking in Taiwan">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Taiwan" title="Healthcare in Taiwan">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Taiwanese inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Taiwan" title="Prostitution in Taiwan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Taiwan" title="Public holidays in Taiwan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Taiwan" title="Public housing in Taiwan">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Taiwan" title="Squatting in Taiwan">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_superlatives" title="List of Taiwanese superlatives">Superlatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_studies" title="Taiwan studies">Taiwan studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Taiwan" title="Waste management in Taiwan">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Taiwan" title="Women in Taiwan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_animation" title="Taiwanese animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_wine" title="Taiwanese wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_Taiwan" title="Cultural history of Taiwan">Cultural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese drama">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Taiwan" title="Gambling in Taiwan">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_puppetry" title="Glove puppetry">Glove puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_literature" title="Taiwanese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Taiwan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_opera" title="Taiwanese opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_markets_in_Taiwan" title="Night markets in Taiwan">Night markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_in_Taiwan" title="Philosophy in Taiwan">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Taiwan" title="Smoking in Taiwan">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Taiwan">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Beauty" title="T-Beauty">T-Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_wave" title="Taiwanese wave">Taiwanese wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea" title="Taiwanese tea">Tea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">tea culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Taiwan" title="List of tourist attractions in Taiwan">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Taiwan" title="Category:Taiwan">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Taiwan" title="Outline of Taiwan">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asian_topics" title="Template talk:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_countries" title="Category:East Asian countries">Countries and regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">in Sakhalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha in Mongolia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">other ethnic groups in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">unrecognized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">historical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of East Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">Age reckoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_architecture" title="Category:East Asian architecture">Architecture‎</a></li> <li>Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_blepharoplasty" title="East Asian blepharoplasty">Blepharoplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Buddhism" title="East Asian Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_calligraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Dance in East Asia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_knotting" title="Chinese knotting">Chinese knotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_festivals_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Cultural festivals in East Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design#East_Asian_gardens" title="Garden design">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_hip-and-gable_roof" title="East Asian hip-and-gable roof">Hip-and-gable roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_literature" title="East Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_M%C4%81dhyamaka" title="East Asian Mādhyamaka">Mādhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_mythology" title="Category:East Asian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Xenic pronunciations">Sino-Xenic pronunciations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_East_Asian_surnames" title="Lists of East Asian surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Television in East Asia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="East Asian Yogācāra">Yogācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Environment of East Asia">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Climate_Partnership" title="East Asia Climate Partnership">East Asia Climate Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">Monsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">Rainy season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asiatic_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Asiatic Region">Flora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia" title="Economy of East Asia">Economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Politics of East Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_model" title="East Asian model">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="East Asian Bureau of Economic Research">East Asian Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Community" title="East Asian Community">East Asian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_East_Asia" title="Human rights in East Asia">Human rights in East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_stock_exchanges#East_Asian" title="List of Asian stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Asia" title="History of East Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeology of East Asia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia">Archaeological cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age#East_Asia" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in East Asia">Former countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Sport in East Asia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Friendship_Athletic_Meeting" title="China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting">China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Football_Federation" title="East Asian Football Federation">East Asian Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Games" title="East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="East Asian Judo Championships">East Asian Judo Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_martial_arts" title="Category:East Asian martial arts">East Asian martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Youth_Games" title="East Asian Youth Games">East Asian Youth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAFF_E-1_Football_Championship" title="EAFF E-1 Football Championship">EAFF E-1 Football Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Education in East Asia">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_East_Asian_Research_Universities" title="Association of East Asian Research Universities">Association of East Asian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossAsia" title="CrossAsia">CrossAsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Economic_Review" title="East Asian Economic Review">East Asian Economic Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Image_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Image Collection">East Asia Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Law_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Law Review">East Asia Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_studies" title="East Asian studies">East Asian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_East_Asian_Studies" title="Journal of East Asian Studies">Journal of East Asian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Institute_(Ludwigshafen)" title="East Asia Institute (Ludwigshafen)">Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Military in East Asia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansensh%C5%ABkai" title="Bansenshūkai">Bansenshūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Science and technology in East Asia">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Needham_Research_Institute" title="Needham Research Institute">Needham Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_swords" title="Category:East Asian swords">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_traditional_medicine" title="Category:East Asian traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_with_limited_recognition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_with_limited_recognition" title="Template:States with limited recognition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_with_limited_recognition" title="Template talk:States with limited recognition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_with_limited_recognition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States with limited recognition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_with_limited_recognition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Details concerning <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">international recognition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign relations</a> provided by the articles linked in parentheses</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Partially_unrecognised" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Partially unrecognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Republic of Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Armenia" title="Foreign relations of Armenia">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Cyprus">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Israel" title="International recognition of Israel">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Israel" title="Foreign relations of Israel">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Republic of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">UN specialized agency members or <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">GA observer</a> state</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Partially_unrecognised" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Partially unrecognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Republic of Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kosovo" title="Foreign relations of Kosovo">relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membership_of_Kosovo_in_international_organizations" title="Membership of Kosovo in international organizations">membership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Cook Islands">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Niue" title="Foreign relations of Niue">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-UN member states</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised by at least one UN member</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Republic of Abkhazia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Abkhazia" title="Foreign relations of Abkhazia">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus">relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membership_of_Northern_Cyprus_in_international_organizations" title="Membership of Northern Cyprus in international organizations">membership</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">Republic of South Ossetia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia" title="International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia">recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Ossetia" title="Foreign relations of South Ossetia">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised only by non-UN members</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Transnistria" title="Foreign relations of Transnistria">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Republic of Somaliland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somaliland" title="Foreign relations of Somaliland">relations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012285649X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316750432">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128920774">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcrd4RjtCBk4wfMhTwwG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017875-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80022631">United States</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79091149">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949898m">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949898m">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00326118">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35653496">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575438">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998000657">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhghxm5smt9wc">Sweden</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/1084">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561934605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511332006706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/41637cec-9a4f-389c-86d2-fc6abf3357b5">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/2a89a50e-1548-40f5-9306-7a64ab062684">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/982ehCpr">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026620847">IdRef</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/060360895">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/016705">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035791">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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[\"CITEREFC._Smith1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCabestan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1915\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarolan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCatherine_K._Lin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChangMazzetta\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChao1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaoRamon_Hawley_Myers1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharneyPrescott2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheong2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheung2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChing2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChiou1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChoAhn2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChou2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChou2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChouHo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChouNathan1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChow2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChu2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChung2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChung2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClulow2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCopper2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrisis_Group2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Green2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevlinHuang2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoIT2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunbabin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnav2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFExec._Yuan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeigenbaum2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFell2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFell2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFenby2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFravel2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFung2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarver1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGinsburg2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGluck2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovernment_Information_Office2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrajdanzev1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGranthamDuncanEvansJones2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuy_Plopsky2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalperin1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalpin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHan_Cheung2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHang2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHang2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenckaerts1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHer2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHickey1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillSoaresMorminaMacaulay2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHo\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorton2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHou2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsiau2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsu1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsu1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsueh,_Chia-Ming2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHsü1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuang2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuang2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuang2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuangJames2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHung2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHwangChiu2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIhara2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJa_Ian_Chong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacoby1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJayasuriya1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenco2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJiao2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJong2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaifuFujitaYonedaYamasaki2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapsteinMichael_Mastanduno1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKato2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeoni_Everington2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiersz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlöter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKo2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKort2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubek1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKucera2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuoKao2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyng2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyodo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaPedus2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLagueKang_Lim2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLam2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLengLin1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiao2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinWu2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiuShih2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLo2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLung_Tsun-Ni_(龍村倪)1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMair2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMak2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakeham2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakinenWoodward1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcVeigh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMearsheimer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehra\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichelle_Yun2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMimi_Leung2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMirski\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoChung2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMolloy2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNg1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen-Okwu2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkazaki2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlsenMiller-Antonio1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOosterhoff1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPajtinka2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPares2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrudence_Chou,_Chuing2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRalph_Jennings2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReid2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichburg1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRigger2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosemary_GillespieRosemary_G._GillespieD._A._Clague2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinstein1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSampurna2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSana_Hashmi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_Morgan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSechiyama,_Kaku2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeidel2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShackleton1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShambaugh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShattuck2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepherd1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShiba1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShihXie2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShih_Shou-chien2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShirk2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShortallJohnson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkoggard1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmura2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSontag2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoutherl1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaffordShepherd1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteven_Crook2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStolojanGuill2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrong2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStruve1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSui2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSunJulie_Lee_WeiRamon_Hawley_MyersDonald_G._Gillin1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTampubolon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTang1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTierney2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTkacik2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTow2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsai2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsao2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTung2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTwitchett2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_Department_of_Defense1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValentijn1903\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWangKao2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatt2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiese,_Elizabeth2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkinson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWills2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWills2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinckler1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkler2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWu2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWu2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWuCheng2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYahoo_News_Staff2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYan_Xing\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYang2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYangChung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYaoChengCheng2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYates1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYen2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYi_Ling_Roy_Ngerng2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYin-t\u0026#039;ang_Chang1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYip2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZagoria2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeitounYu\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhang1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhu2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFdpa2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_der_Wees\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF吕2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF王2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF蔡玉仙2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF藍2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF陳鐵健黃鐵炫1992\"] = 1,\n [\"status\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Administrative divisions of Taiwan\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 109,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 59,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 124,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 211,\n [\"Cite wikisource\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 8,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Countries of Asia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Decrease\"] = 2,\n [\"East Asian topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 23,\n [\"Efn native lang\"] = 4,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"GBurl\"] = 10,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Ill\"] = 4,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 2,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 20,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 7,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 9,\n [\"Main\"] = 29,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 17,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist-lr\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist-ur\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Numrec\"] = 1,\n [\"Ordered list\"] = 2,\n [\"Parabr\"] = 2,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Recentism\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 16,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 31,\n [\"Sfnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 46,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"States with limited recognition\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Taiwan topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 3,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vunblist\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","780","19.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","740","18.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","480","11.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","340","8.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","220","5.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","140","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","2.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","2.0"],["type","80","2.0"],["[others]","940","23.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-74d78f4769-zxl2b","timestamp":"20241127201247","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Taiwan","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q865","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q865","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-07-25T06:56:36Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T18:10:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/72\/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg","headline":"country in East Asia"}</script> </body> </html>