CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e72ed33ede7cdf2',cH: 'Je2vLwkbcY2WAUg63QvJ0H.xvCLeFpjnebHDX3dX0NE-1732383439-1.2.1.1-LCNlQxC2zIGs8h.Ff2W0XEW8UAQtHwpgQHmdifqHj0vn5RTul7UNK48dO1hCNaKh',cUPMDTk: "\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.052803?__cf_chl_tk=1AtiNVIYhqLErD0xfL8fPk60vC57NnObqEHJRO4xUuM-1732383439-1.0.1.1-6P3WAQjMaQezEws2gQ4pgU0iKwdhs9ZMm4HFOWZAT7U",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732383439',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.052803?__cf_chl_f_tk=1AtiNVIYhqLErD0xfL8fPk60vC57NnObqEHJRO4xUuM-1732383439-1.0.1.1-6P3WAQjMaQezEws2gQ4pgU0iKwdhs9ZMm4HFOWZAT7U",md: "X3sdihw6HuRU7hUZjW3WI1dhd4dNUsXzQ_ryfghKBuQ-1732383439-1.2.1.1-V0YQlXZ7Eda4sWGqrxoBeSRiw74Qvo305EXWdD7Xg_A3bZCqUPG.ZJuwcNTZkeV8TN2y4.FUm8HCc6pFFhKDnJSAU3XoxevDMkwYb6_fXr.xh8lMkeyGgC7UA4Syvk2641.gbP_p5az9vpWB7wACd4AAVE.iDkKlrj_b8FfWSeKBDGi8cs_WB1ZIpW5KRtSPSQB4k8jSMP8rJv.fgV_E8AgO6aX13JGtLq4WOL3vWl7hEHwEBZE9_7Y1vw.u8bXil7u0q.wcO.T0myxffKsWNZMn6kiY7XUPJjK.sTe5CmhLX5ZPxnHyMstiicARWDXEGpu8Uf.RcnwOq.r5t1JFQAYNKsvxpfDbhhClmfhsmw9xwaMiTQjs3yAEhXxAKr4K4VaAA_gdHBc03cki5BgHiJHqxlqf1.B8WqBQmrQKdrINdB6AuNqiZr_gx7Yp1F6czH8bPmBRp7XlVMdDKAMAv9SWoBpK5eWkGFW.B3qGxDqeuvf9ao1yv52g4pjhchan_Nw_oqa728udI8qWoLA3LiAu2hVpaAnZ3NDBy.IeOec8agTTbV.6TxqVHofzhGmXtI8WUSwTK3s_1raa.f_s1JWDNK5Yzcx38HX7cAXveKgkv7OcItsMTGFr06FIpazuDajCb6.UY_RsmRl62Lf8Va8PlZ2y4H26tS.5CucEs58Sop9dEI92VbB.Hl5Kz7zoQcQgCHTZel9BS6_58JgZ2r.kZwe_Z16GkIAqckQLgDQZsG51c3BCEsv3jkx2EDX8klrJd38btC59AmSq_9iEfzk_1HwwkgQTAfljMYsG_JEOI7AkrdF2xo9a9pLeZhkE6mx8aKnZ9nMmB26pdjuhkqqGkHeUjrWQ_VPneHGG3kSCw2f5lduryyE5eNyhx0w6mOts71ecKEbaNM_gqfIr2OaS2jRAM7IgL5.bcCdmZG8nUwyoz3KU9qB2hSkJlERdvO6AGGe6NdOpT0k0FLX_WUTX.e4ymIzKeB7Wlh1hZiSsY0kxK5JIIoRzSfGwRD.bF3fkiu_O8EIQzZkpyALvb3kW3VAPOQH5usLpYZzuKLx.hHkK0ZhdmO_sXjcQKB72UMe0sdicizeqMVvQDpQbPS_Mz2Ptb0OCAc2FLtUyXjm6cJhSo7tvre0LJeGkTqMy2LjsDCAwm5IcMd5HDVMBKd_PMEY6cKLrhmkKlN3sojmBXfwGnLIGi._jKZYXlYk3.N1S0RXElxOfPFKdTQjy1zHWFZhR4i4KjOnATDgfsGjvL0c9fmQorMcAVxundo1fM6DFzyeG0sF0ibkOePxWIhYdQSr7EZCybbvWceXE243QphSyV9JHdTTBtQyLnteC6ImJZby_SDjaYXw41kNbmYB.jir6HJDAQF0LQWqwnPqjEjnTWreV1.xcbOJWQ.ApzBLhxIdoUQ6UqdrsviHGiaQMIyrIbzAAk4wjb0K0bGsQ8o94CZzQWLHntQN8stgPaDQoKuyZ2e0cZEkF1.GtDKF1dj1ma1ItLSCwlEP1o6BQRSdAIJPLZXnj9uaohzmokRcde78fh_np.goPb6_ahhWW9YBLnzRSgeaBCH2DMnYjOBEOtHxqkr9SJ2bwsDSRPXI4pHa_Q5y3XbqLoV.kRKNplYGx9GSKVpoEhgZVW.Ymeahi3JlCCBH_MxTb0IJN4Ekwd7xcQXLob.HpR2NMdpf0KPj3EC.0F1fScM0Dz6kJ3GeddiGFxuavPFh_js.lSNHxaQU24tbYi4oGLmwZZAk3m67q3Iax5OEKqU5Czf2KcNr.3WOiSxaUuHVMMO7QmRw8hPhaK96CriLt69cBvoyK_1P_veWQsRgldZ5QEDJ9LWcTk_eq_5FhtT_LTodmfa7vQCEZ1ZE7ciUEepucFoPCmQrA.3Z7G1mKoGWN.2BCK1RoM2EQ_oCONqNZY6XNe.XJJTcWXw3vc6B1MygZ.nS2l7WPunrIaYp1EaprDykf6v1BUeFr8UrLoAVMQgNaTBQqoG2i3L0HdqX0k2OARkcg7eQLSxAMP0ZvjU3KsT9UnlaApCB4cW63ejTdn23CxdPRIafv6HjHxkMJO_ox3F2csWWRLoXQuRgROpZ3Ps5aBFFP5rfwspAVsTREF33AfEw5DydQiSfKdFfvT0ffo3RKGDbFTXhVedOiAC6ioThkb_S_sijkP95Qo_oQe_UQtbq_zSbpr_m2DWm1nGIW2GbOsdH_zYcogS3VF18vBxn_3so6cwQxp76O7gDoY5Q15hV0iYteT.ONAK_D8k53kWtaFYGyW0iVYSUVevDlVJrmQmSqdcf37NhP2SrvTUy5PfqLK63jmU1rHvlVvPDqlG1nx3CmYQs6_zFzij_QLY5eLWnzCcVqjarMQD08bPciq1VBKeFW524qOZSIOn4BJngZ3m676x3vdS3UrDznA6fvRdFh11u.1MiunWjdUnIi3rGLORjnNbwX7SPnJBYyjCVkM08SDlD76J0RDzMG9BCmTp0.x.fKfamZ8pKFYy8QZ_iPiA99qvrkx5QPtaDif_0ZkA7giS90nbE6SU3FnJZuu7tJua65ELCmg0YTgpXPF5ekbHeaq_JmLh3pw4CRZBIhJXlUk4V6HvYWApsIowZdJeJyMLRyOiVwFjEMPXpwRtTVW.qGv1MSXU9GQnyU6rUjDUmSIKBS.GTT71jOAI6I1CTVrYMcgFiY_6.UXHNky_dMDY6r8w9BF21mMo1eGR3sKJLv2gMfykRGt7_82po_iraMjO2hXSeLYJv1WzwVh7rghibs_hQpnAYS0i.2K7_7Vd0DodACokfICTPfdx768.snVTNgFZ4SLiXJC8nIMnwrCB0C1VcCPg7be6dmWs_ooGQuBm2I2ymHW2_WMZXm5lxXtqy.Dct2V2Q1zytIr.VKpu4w9lYrHJoB6QJMe0szGQIEFzSCn2S0JECJ1Dd4ZqYQeV9rscXgX6rbZE2KLYs6.GTBbrWHitYrUFy43fg0GOcds0TrZarGWXrAu6Q",mdrd: "e0fvVf.XvtWJZx8yEaPvJHi7TBZwWnaK_q0P0YBNPxs-1732383439-1.2.1.1-E8_qA.kID8bM2FbSFM6fnRwy3obMs6pXps1rCj.OzVuRn4FRqYGDYwn2OFIpOctd5Rm9dsPxh48zk7tZHA.hFVxSGJngV4WS6IVsHAStEZE2V1svbMPTYQn_emb2yxWyqIiOpsLy2wFmncnfIXceNgh7ecGr7UidiJiAyx16DmqrPN9NMRx8170fnf54bJc27fmNoC7AUGiGMzv2WVNeDbN4zowNUc6siwn.37rmCQP9TyyLsUutV3hHmIejADvpmSo.gJMUpzn44PCC6RxiacGngwcFt7nD_xZsI.fcJUXZ6qSFULhf3qw4r7JIPYq_S84_vZxWJd64vr6FDW1BA9d_UWUWCDUWRV2.97bd599q1..8exF3mTYLv_FDGAyV6hkEXNSQeDNlTM.wBvEYnbrmuIwXf1wrn.ELHo8n2XcfyU15FL8rotYAM9pVxww3jXKdsj54zXhP2Eeg0AnxClBFmRX4ATg.VTegL9Z98Zx7Tn1Fw4zpiVB8dF5_XF4An0vRmbDyzEHPjj7eWHEYYWP1YWFPf5F0.wujWaOxO_IpCt1s3LoKVTCq2B6A55eLAmNN_5OPn2hB9WL4r9bzca5UxnH8P5C3gw3.cvsdSlIPOKWFYqRCmjweqmaE.X3I.oeWb4PeTrFZKpgWEg3aEHrM.cH3HeYnjPvdoqLRA6mtXaf_YMbVd2nYDvZgtXe4jXRjMJRhQGJvYsVt.FdqNScYo66PWIfHmw1QqiRm57HeARV12FPVO25SwcIPSIq6bdyvdi5fgqYAaJxsaNXviwqY9EdoApTu3ZQcfMV0KM.8Dt9EbdLp4ddQg.2E.8OQ1KAbaNG7w6h8L4fS3OOF3Uynjv00Y9yQesuT8zYsSviNfmqrzCcais9lhMOg0wnk4LiEIYxTVhpZ20cqxYbKK0qbgoy.D.goKHPP1xMkzLKJ_8Jjt9zloVUfvzFCUfFL8AxxPw2fKYlKoNCumLybdQSMykIUN2xf7jpz.AcJ7JBmUS.mx_WqaFWVNUmMNlpo4ziwGGs6CJ8W2.Vy7dXcp0POTASbA.X_Y58..a2VQfYlsDbMNdZEd4ADSgJle8dyrNnMo_sFThZivmsOiZUVtYeHlZa_OIxXUMWuAHWacaMJKbgS9dLJA2.6UOtDQbNQtKVN_n3CGpGfip_HB1q5qVELsnjtcKkw3IVjOXq_Whjy721qoWyebwvsoZ1ER6flLtnEOeZQAHrCYqVzU4sUgDDe9KNxJlGCGO4MIY.iF1Xssm87CvkUVo2a3RxgBz5dpkfcNKVzNu34ccwzQ0rTl9WN7BKgJBDjHB1B9_4E9GhYTTQT46reugMc2rUhtn6KcO5GTZaHf8g8iqLKeTne6vhbONAp.yW8XMBSrHbuy1bmjmaKUIQhb3WBLV4NPVxbLW_0..41Zw8UMeoqtGAcJ2iMgjgDPUwJ6FtwAYumzrpquTuxrq95wgSabnIsEBd4_puR2ZbJ3CSu5QhiwN6d_sc3o6eRjtiBoPq5ZTSHHSxzMx15BOTKG5nWedYhFg7tDwOWa1vcRNkMzbzGAw9EZP70h2clKpsRL8XpudDPEBfEqBxWxXzzjIU9KZ8ZKFNsc_jAJYGQmRhURA7qQPrLhab2j1JyET7jw_r0dOGl6k8zS_ITSEc73Koc2FYIFfAhex4PWQyIOSZoKp9sh5xgV6nVHMY9.PiFdFLvSTl60281o.FK1Yhx7qOCKK0UFoZqWmdtUhz62fUD1BErLHMu0VeOrd4ROcuznawD4jZXzmTOFFAxCoOPOt2EOV9bPMsH1yrZPChtDXOFuAG7vyHVOeTNSI70.DiLMSkX1h1zeF_Q8h3sBehsArZC3tDcqVDmD98Wx9Jy0ES648CZ6HqUiUC2ymxAXQtm6OPIVTSK8aOnmoPAMOKynGz.2mpVohPx9.asW2yzCl17SugoFXiM5NCOWjV8ZE2OSgW60h3h11owdI07smv2VfgmodgXhWY4"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e72ed33ede7cdf2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/pra\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.110.052803?__cf_chl_rt_tk=1AtiNVIYhqLErD0xfL8fPk60vC57NnObqEHJRO4xUuM-1732383439-1.0.1.1-6P3WAQjMaQezEws2gQ4pgU0iKwdhs9ZMm4HFOWZAT7U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>