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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mecanismo de Higgs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 29 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%B2" title="آلية هيغز — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلية هيغز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Механізм Хігса — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Механізм Хігса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81" title="Механизъм на Хигс — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Механизъм на Хигс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="হিগস ক্ষেত্র — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিগস ক্ষেত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanisme_de_Brout-Englert-Higgs" title="Mecanisme de Brout-Englert-Higgs — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mecanisme de Brout-Englert-Higgs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs-Mechanismus" title="Higgs-Mechanismus — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Higgs-Mechanismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%82" title="Μηχανισμός Χιγκς — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μηχανισμός Χιγκς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_mechanism" title="Higgs mechanism — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Higgs mechanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanismo_de_Higgs" title="Mecanismo de Higgs — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mecanismo de Higgs" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B2" title="سازوکار هیگز — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازوکار هیگز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9canisme_de_Brout-Englert-Higgs-Hagen-Guralnik-Kibble" title="Mécanisme de Brout-Englert-Higgs-Hagen-Guralnik-Kibble — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mécanisme de Brout-Englert-Higgs-Hagen-Guralnik-Kibble" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A1" title="מנגנון היגס — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנגנון היגס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanisme_Brout-Englert-Higgs" title="Mekanisme Brout-Englert-Higgs — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mekanisme Brout-Englert-Higgs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccanismo_di_Brout-Englert-Higgs" title="Meccanismo di Brout-Englert-Higgs — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meccanismo di Brout-Englert-Higgs" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="ヒッグス機構 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒッグス機構" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%89%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A9%94%EC%BB%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="힉스 메커니즘 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힉스 메커니즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brout-Englert-Higgsveld" title="Brout-Englert-Higgsveld — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brout-Englert-Higgsveld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਹਿਗਜ਼ ਮਕੈਨਿਜ਼ਮ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿਗਜ਼ ਮਕੈਨਿਜ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_Higgsa" title="Pole Higgsa — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pole Higgsa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Механизм Хиггса — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Механизм Хиггса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field" title="Higgs field — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Higgs field" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broutov-Englertov-Higgsov_mechanizmus" title="Broutov-Englertov-Higgsov mechanizmus — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Broutov-Englertov-Higgsov mechanizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хигсов механизам — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хигсов механизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgsmekanismen" title="Higgsmekanismen — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Higgsmekanismen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_mekanizmas%C4%B1" title="Higgs mekanizması — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Higgs mekanizması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Механізм Хіггса — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Механізм Хіггса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_ch%E1%BA%BF_Higgs" title="Cơ chế Higgs — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ chế Higgs" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanismo_Higgs" title="Mekanismo Higgs — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mekanismo Higgs" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="希格斯机制 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希格斯机制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q747702#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar 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(<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Mecanismo+de+Higgs">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Mecanismo+de+Higgs&oq=Mecanismo+de+Higgs">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Mecanismo+de+Higgs">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Mecanismo+de+Higgs">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Março de 2016</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint" style="width:210px; float: right; clear: right; text-align:center; margin-top:1em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:90%; background:#DCF0FF"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos" title="Teoria quântica de campos">Teoria quântica de campos</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/160px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/240px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/320px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="padding-top: 0px;font-size: 75%; line-height: 150%;"> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Diagramas_de_Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagramas de Feynman">Diagramas de Feynman</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos" title="História da teoria quântica de campos">Histórica</a> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Pano de fundo </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_gauge" title="Teoria de gauge">Teoria de gauge</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Campo_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Campo (física)">Teoria dos campos</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Grupo_de_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Grupo de Poincaré">Simetria de Poincaré</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">Mecânica quântica</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Quebra_espont%C3%A2nea_de_simetria" title="Quebra espontânea de simetria">Quebra espontânea de simetria</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_dos_twistores" title="Teoria dos twistores">Teoria dos twistores</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Simetrias </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Simetria_C" title="Simetria C">Simetria C</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Simetria_CP" title="Simetria CP">Simetria CP</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Simetria_temporal" title="Simetria temporal">Simetria temporal</a> <br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Ferramentas </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anomalia_(f%C3%ADsica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anomalia (física) (página não existe)">Anomalia</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_efetiva_dos_campos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria efetiva dos campos (página não existe)">Teoria efetiva dos campos</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Matriz_CKM" title="Matriz CKM">Matriz CKM</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Valor_esperado_do_v%C3%A1cuo" title="Valor esperado do vácuo">Valor esperado do vácuo</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fantasmas_de_Faddeev-Popov" title="Fantasmas de Faddeev-Popov">Fantasmas de Faddeev-Popovs</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Diagramas_de_Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagramas de Feynman">Diagramas de Feynman</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_da_redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_LSZ" title="Fórmula da redução de LSZ">Fórmula da redução de LSZ</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Propagador" title="Propagador">Propagador</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Quantiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Quantização (física)">Quantização</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Renormaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Renormalização">Renormalização</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1cuo_qu%C3%A2ntico" title="Vácuo quântico">Vácuo quântico</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_de_Wick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema de Wick (página não existe)">Teorema de Wick</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Axiomas_de_Wightman" title="Axiomas de Wightman">Axiomas de Wightman</a> <br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Equações </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Dirac" title="Equação de Dirac">Equação de Dirac</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Klein%E2%80%93Gordon" title="Equação de Klein–Gordon">Equação de Klein–Gordon</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Proca" title="Equação de Proca">Equação de Proca</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Wheeler%E2%80%93DeWitt" title="Equação de Wheeler–DeWitt">Equação de Wheeler–DeWitt</a> <br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Modelo padrão </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7a_eletrofraca" title="Força eletrofraca">Força eletrofraca</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mecanismo de Higgs</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Cromodin%C3%A2mica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Cromodinâmica quântica">Cromodinâmica quântica</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Eletrodin%C3%A2mica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Eletrodinâmica quântica">Eletrodinâmica quântica</a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Teorias incompletas </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Gravidade_qu%C3%A2ntica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravidade quântica">Gravidade quântica</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_das_cordas" title="Teoria das cordas">Teoria das cordas</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Supersimetria" title="Supersimetria">Supersimetria</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_Yang-Mills" title="Teoria de Yang-Mills">Teoria de Yang-Mills</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_tudo" title="Teoria de tudo">Teoria de tudo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF; font-size: 90%;">Cientistas </th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Adler" title="Stephen Adler">Adler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Bogolyubov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Bogolyubov">Bogoliubov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Callan" title="Curtis Callan">Callan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Coleman" title="Sidney Coleman">Coleman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bryce_DeWitt" title="Bryce DeWitt">DeWitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Dyson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Markus_Fierz" title="Markus Fierz">Fierz</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Jürg Fröhlich">Fröhlich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldstone" title="Jeffrey Goldstone">Goldstone</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roman_Jackiw" title="Roman Jackiw">Jackiw</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Klein" title="Oskar Klein">Klein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Lee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lehmann" title="Harry Lehmann">Lehmann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Majorana" title="Ettore Majorana">Majorana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Markovich_Polyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Markovich Polyakov">Polyakov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tony_Skyrme" title="Tony Skyrme">Skyrme</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stueckelberg" title="Ernst Stueckelberg">Stueckelberg</a> •<a href="/wiki/Kurt_Symanzik" title="Kurt Symanzik">Symanzik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Veltman" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Veltman">Veltman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Weisskopf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Witten</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Zimmermann" title="Wolfhart Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Zinn-Justin" title="Jean Zinn-Justin">Zinn-Justin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Leite_Lopes" title="José Leite Lopes">Lopes</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <td><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar"><span style="word-spacing:0">Esta caixa: </span><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos" title="Predefinição:Teoria quântica de campos"><span title="Ver esta predefinição">ver</span></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Teoria quântica de campos (página não existe)"><span title="Discutir esta predefinição">discutir</span></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos&action=edit"><span title="Editar esta predefinição">editar</span></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);color:inherit;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão">Modelo Padrão</a> da <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">física de partículas</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg/200px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg/300px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg/400px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles-pt-br.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><div style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_elementar" title="Partícula elementar">Partículas elementares</a> do <a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão">Modelo Padrão</a></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;color:inherit">Tópicos</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">Física de partículas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão">Modelo Padrão</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos" title="Teoria quântica de campos">Teoria quântica de campos</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_gauge" title="Teoria de gauge">Teoria de gauge</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Quebra_espont%C3%A2nea_de_simetria" title="Quebra espontânea de simetria">Quebra espontânea de simetria</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mecanismo de Higgs</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;color:inherit">Constituintes</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_eletrofraca" class="mw-redirect" title="Interação eletrofraca">Interação eletrofraca</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cromodin%C3%A2mica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Cromodinâmica quântica">Cromodinâmica quântica</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Matriz_CKM" title="Matriz CKM">Matriz CKM</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_matem%C3%A1tica_do_Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formulação matemática do Modelo Padrão (página não existe)">Matemática do Modelo Padrão</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;color:inherit">Limitações</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_CP_forte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema CP forte (página não existe)">Problema CP forte</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Problema_de_hierarquia" title="Problema de hierarquia">Problema de hierarquia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oscila%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_neutrinos" title="Oscilação de neutrinos">Oscilação de neutrinos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_al%C3%A9m_do_modelo_padr%C3%A3o" title="Física além do modelo padrão">Física além do modelo padrão</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;color:inherit">Cientistas</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">Thomson</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Bose</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" class="mw-redirect" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">Sudarshan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis Jr.</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Anderson</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard E. Taylor">Taylor</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Iliopoulos" title="John Iliopoulos">Iliopoulos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Maiani" title="Luciano Maiani">Maiani</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Meer</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clyde_Cowan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clyde Cowan (página não existe)">Cowan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Cabibbo</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Majorana" title="Ettore Majorana">Majorana</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Lee</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Clive_Ward" title="John Clive Ward">Ward</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Yang</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" class="mw-redirect" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Vleck</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brout" title="Robert Brout">Brout</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/C._R._Hagen" class="mw-redirect" title="C. R. Hagen">Hagen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Guralnik" title="Gerald Guralnik">Guralnik</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Kibble</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Modelo_padr%C3%A3o_da_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Predefinição:Modelo padrão da física de partículas"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Modelo_padr%C3%A3o_da_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Modelo padrão da física de partículas (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Modelo_padr%C3%A3o_da_f%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>No <a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão">Modelo Padrão</a> da <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">física de partículas</a>, o <b>mecanismo de Higgs</b> ou <b>mecanismo de Brout–Englert–Higgs</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> é essencial para explicar o processo de <a href="/wiki/Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_massa" title="Geração de massa">geração de massa</a> dos <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son_de_calibre" title="Bóson de calibre"> bósons de gauge</a>. Sem o mecanismo de Higgs, ou algum outro mecanismo semelhante, todos os <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son" title="Bóson">bósons</a> (um tipo de <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_elementar" title="Partícula elementar"> partícula fundamental</a>) não teriam massa, mas medidas experimentais mostram que <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_W_e_Z" title="Bósons W e Z">W<sup>+</sup>, W<sup>−</sup></a>, e <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_W_e_Z" title="Bósons W e Z"> bósons Z</a> apresentam massas relativamente grandes, em torno de 80 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>. O campo de Higgs resolve esse problema. A descrição mais simples do mecanismo adiciona ao Modelo Padrão um <a href="/wiki/Teoria_qu%C3%A2ntica_de_campos" title="Teoria quântica de campos"> campo quântico</a> (o <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Higgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Campo de Higgs">campo de Higgs</a>) que permeia todo o espaço. Abaixo de uma temperatura extremamente alta, o campo sofre <a href="/wiki/Quebra_espont%C3%A2nea_de_simetria" title="Quebra espontânea de simetria">quebra espontânea de simetria</a> durante interações. A quebra da simetria desencadeia o mecanismo de Higgs, fazendo com que os bósons interajam e adquiram massa. No <a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão">Modelo Padrão</a>, a frase "mecanismo de Higgs" refere-se especificamente à geração das massas dos bósons de gauge <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3sons_W_e_Z" title="Bósons W e Z">W<sup>±</sup>, e Z</a> por meio da quebra da simetria <a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7a_eletrofraca" title="Força eletrofraca"> eletrofraca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PDG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Grande_Colisor_de_H%C3%A1drons" title="Grande Colisor de Hádrons">Grande Colisor de Hádrons</a> do <a href="/wiki/CERN" class="mw-redirect" title="CERN">CERN</a> anunciou resultados consistentes com o bóson de Higgs previsto pelo <a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão"> MP</a> em 14 de Março de 2013, tornando extremamente provável a existência desse campo na natureza. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O mecanismo foi proposto em 1962 por <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> dando continuidade a um trabalho feito no fim dos anos 1950 sobre quebra de simetria em <a href="/wiki/Supercondutividade" title="Supercondutividade">supercondutividade</a> e em um artigo de 1960 escrito por <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a> que discutiu sua aplicação em <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">física de partículas</a>. Uma <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_gauge" title="Teoria de gauge">teoria de gauge</a> capaz de explicar a <a href="/wiki/Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_massa" title="Geração de massa">geração de massa</a> foi publicada quase simultaneamente por três grupos independentes em 1964: por <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brout" title="Robert Brout">Robert Brout</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Englert_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englert-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> por <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Higgs_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higgs-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> e por <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Guralnik" title="Gerald Guralnik">Gerald Guralnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._R._Hagen" class="mw-redirect" title="C. R. Hagen">C. R. Hagen</a>, e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_W._B._Kibble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom W. B. Kibble (página não existe)">Tom Kibble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GHK_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GHK-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guralnik_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guralnik-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scholarpedia_history_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholarpedia_history-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Por isso, o mecanismo de Higgs também é chamado de <b>mecanismo de Brout–Englert–Higgs</b> ou <b>mecanismo de Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Scholarpedia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholarpedia-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> <b>mecanismo de Anderson–Higgs</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> <b>mecanismo de Anderson–Higgs-Kibble</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> <b>mecanismo de Higgs–Kibble</b> por Abdus Salam<sup id="cite_ref-frank_close_infinity_puzzle_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frank_close_infinity_puzzle-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> e <b>mecanismo de ABEGHHK'tH</b> [para Anderson, Brout, Englert, Guralnik, Hagen, Higgs, Kibble e <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a>] por Peter Higgs.<sup id="cite_ref-frank_close_infinity_puzzle_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frank_close_infinity_puzzle-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em 8 de outubro de 2013, após a descoberta feita no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grande_colisor_de_h%C3%A1drons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grande colisor de hádrons (página não existe)">LHC</a> de uma nova partícula semelhante ao tão procurado <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3son_de_Higgs" title="Bóson de Higgs">bóson de Higgs</a> predito pela teoria, foi anunciado que <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Higgs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">François Englert</a> seriam agraciados com o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_f%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de física"> Prêmio Nobel em Física</a> de 2013 (o co-autor de Englert, Robert Brout, morreu em 2011 e o Prêmio Nobel não costuma ser concedido a falecidos).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modelo_Padrão"><span id="Modelo_Padr.C3.A3o"></span>Modelo Padrão</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Modelo Padrão" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Modelo Padrão"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O mecanismo de Higgs foi incorporado na física de partículas moderna por <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> e <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> e é uma parte essencial do <a href="/wiki/Modelo_Padr%C3%A3o" title="Modelo Padrão">Modelo Padrão</a>. No Modelo Padrão, a temperaturas altas o suficiente para não quebrar a simetria eletrofraca, todas as partículas elementares não apresentam massa. Em uma certa <a href="/wiki/Ponto_cr%C3%ADtico_(termodin%C3%A2mica)" title="Ponto crítico (termodinâmica)"> temperatura crítica</a> o campo de Higgs torna-se <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1quion" title="Táquion">taquiônico</a>, a simetria é espontaneamente quebrada por condensação, e os bósons W e Z adquirem massas (<i>EWSB</i> é a abreviação em inglês para <i>quebra da simetria eletrofraca</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmion" title="Férmion">Férmions</a>, tais como <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9pton" title="Lépton">léptons</a> e <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarks</a> do Modelo Padrão, também podem adquirir massa como resultado de suas interações com o campo do Higgs, mas o mecanismo não é igual ao que ocorre na aquisição da massa dos bósons de gauge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Yang-Mills-Higgs" title="Equações de Yang-Mills-Higgs">Equações de Yang-Mills-Higgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Física de partículas">Física de partículas</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://writing-guidelines.web.cern.ch/entries/brout-englert-higgs-mechanism">«Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism»</a> (em inglês). Organização Europeia para a Pesquisa Nuclear<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de abril de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.btitle=Brout-Englert-Higgs+mechanism&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Europeia+para+a+Pesquisa+Nuclear&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwriting-guidelines.web.cern.ch%2Fentries%2Fbrout-englert-higgs-mechanism&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PDG_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Bernardi, M. Carena, and T. Junk: "Higgs bosons: theory and searches", Reviews of Particle Data Group: Hypothetical particles and Concepts, 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/reviews/higgs_s055.pdf">http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/reviews/higgs_s055.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">P. W. Anderson (1962). «Plasmons, Gauge Invariance, and Mass». <i>Physical Review</i>. <b>130</b> (1): 439–442. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963PhRv..130..439A">1963PhRv..130..439A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.130.439">10.1103/PhysRev.130.439</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=Plasmons%2C+Gauge+Invariance%2C+and+Mass&rft.au=P.+W.+Anderson&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.pages=439-442&rft.volume=130&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963PhRv..130..439A&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.130.439&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Englert-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Englert_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">F. Englert and R. Brout (1964). «Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons». <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>13</b> (9): 321–323. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRvL..13..321E">1964PhRvL..13..321E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.13.321">10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.321</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=Broken+Symmetry+and+the+Mass+of+Gauge+Vector+Mesons&rft.au=F.+Englert+and+R.+Brout&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.pages=321-323&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhRvL..13..321E&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.13.321&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Higgs-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Higgs_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Peter W. Higgs (1964). «Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons». <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>13</b> (16): 508–509. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRvL..13..508H">1964PhRvL..13..508H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.13.508">10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.508</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=Broken+Symmetries+and+the+Masses+of+Gauge+Bosons&rft.au=Peter+W.+Higgs&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=16&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.pages=508-509&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhRvL..13..508H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.13.508&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GHK-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GHK_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">G. S. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and T. W. B. Kibble (1964). «Global Conservation Laws and Massless Particles». <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>13</b> (20): 585–587. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964PhRvL..13..585G">1964PhRvL..13..585G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.13.585">10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.585</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=Global+Conservation+Laws+and+Massless+Particles&rft.au=G.+S.+Guralnik%2C+C.+R.+Hagen%2C+and+T.+W.+B.+Kibble&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.pages=585-587&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1964PhRvL..13..585G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.13.585&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guralnik-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Guralnik_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gerald S. Guralnik (2009). «The History of the Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble development of the Theory of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Gauge Particles». <i>International Journal of Modern Physics</i>. <b>A24</b> (14): 2601–2627. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009IJMPA..24.2601G">2009IJMPA..24.2601G</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0907.3466">0907.3466</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1142%2FS0217751X09045431">10.1142/S0217751X09045431</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Guralnik%2C+Hagen+and+Kibble+development+of+the+Theory+of+Spontaneous+Symmetry+Breaking+and+Gauge+Particles&rft.au=Gerald+S.+Guralnik&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=14&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Modern+Physics&rft.pages=2601-2627&rft.volume=A24&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0907.3466&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009IJMPA..24.2601G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1142%2FS0217751X09045431&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scholarpedia_history-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Scholarpedia_history_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble_mechanism_%28history%29">History of Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble Mechanism.</a> Scholarpedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scholarpedia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Scholarpedia_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Englert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble_mechanism">«Englert–Brout–Higgs–Guralnik–Hagen–Kibble Mechanism»</a>. Scholarpedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de junho de 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.btitle=Englert%93Brout%93Higgs%93Guralnik%93Hagen%93Kibble+Mechanism&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Scholarpedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholarpedia.org%2Farticle%2FEnglert-Brout-Higgs-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble_mechanism&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Liu, G. Z.; Cheng, G. (2002). «Extension of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism». <i>Physical Review B</i>. <b>65</b> (13). 132513 páginas. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhRvB..65m2513L">2002PhRvB..65m2513L</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0106070">cond-mat/0106070</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.65.132513">10.1103/PhysRevB.65.132513</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=Extension+of+the+Anderson-Higgs+mechanism&rft.au=Cheng%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=G.+Z.&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=13&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+B&rft.volume=65&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0106070&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002PhRvB..65m2513L&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevB.65.132513&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Matsumoto, H.; Papastamatiou, N. J.; Umezawa, H.; Vitiello, G. (1975). «Dynamical rearrangement in the Anderson-Higgs-Kibble mechanism». <i>Nuclear Physics B</i>. <b>97</b>. 61 páginas. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0550-3213%2875%2990215-1">10.1016/0550-3213(75)90215-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.atitle=Dynamical+rearrangement+in+the+Anderson-Higgs-Kibble+mechanism&rft.au=Papastamatiou%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Umezawa%2C+H.&rft.au=Vitiello%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Matsumoto&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+B&rft.volume=97&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0550-3213%2875%2990215-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frank_close_infinity_puzzle-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-frank_close_infinity_puzzle_12-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-frank_close_infinity_puzzle_12-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Close, Frank (2011). <i>The Infinity Puzzle: Quantum Field Theory and the Hunt for an Orderly Universe</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-19-959350-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-19-959350-7">978-0-19-959350-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.aulast=Close&rft.btitle=The+Infinity+Puzzle%3A+Quantum+Field+Theory+and+the+Hunt+for+an+Orderly+Universe&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959350-7&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/press.pdf">«Press release from Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 8 de outubro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de outubro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMecanismo+de+Higgs&rft.btitle=Press+release+from+Royal+Swedish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F2013%2Fpress.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanismo_de_Higgs&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mecanismo_de_Higgs?uselang=pt">Mecanismo de Higgs</a></span></b></div> </div> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:U%2B269B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/35px-U%2B269B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/53px-U%2B269B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/U%2B269B.svg/70px-U%2B269B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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