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aria-controls="toc-Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Europe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sheriffs_principal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheriffs_principal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.1</span> <span><i>Sheriffs principal</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheriffs_principal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sheriffs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sheriffs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span> <span><i>Sheriffs</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sheriffs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_sheriffs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_sheriffs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.3</span> <span><i>Summary sheriffs</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_sheriffs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Republic of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Oceania subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle North America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alberta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alberta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Alberta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alberta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>British Columbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newfoundland_and_Labrador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Newfoundland and Labrador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newfoundland_and_Labrador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nova_Scotia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nova_Scotia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Nova Scotia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nova_Scotia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.5</span> <span>Ontario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebec" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebec"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.6</span> <span>Quebec</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebec-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related offices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_offices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related offices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Iceland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sheriff</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balju" title="Balju – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Balju" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" title="شريف (لقب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شريف (لقب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84" title="Шэрыф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шэрыф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Шериф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шериф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A8rif" title="Xèrif – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xèrif" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erif" title="Šerif – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šerif" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherif" title="Sherif – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sherif" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%86%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Σερίφης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σερίφης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cerifo" title="Ŝerifo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝerifo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کلانتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلانتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A9rif" title="Shérif – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shérif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A9riff" title="Shériff – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shériff" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%95%88%EA%B4%80" title="보안관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보안관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3geti" title="Fógeti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fógeti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceriffo" title="Sceriffo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sceriffo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A3_(%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93)" title="שריף (תפקיד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שריף (תפקיד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erifs" title="Šerifs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šerifs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriff" title="Seriff – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Seriff" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Шериф – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шериф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syerif" title="Syerif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Syerif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%89%E5%AE%98" title="保安官 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="保安官" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherif" title="Sherif – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sherif" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%81" title="شیرف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شیرف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeryf" title="Szeryf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szeryf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerife" title="Xerife – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xerife" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98erif" title="Șerif – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șerif" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Шериф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шериф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sheriff" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erif" title="Šerif – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šerif" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Government official in some countries with historical ties to England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sheriff (disambiguation)">Sheriff (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a>, an Islamic title; or <a href="/wiki/Sherif" title="Sherif">Sherif</a>, a proper name derived from the Islamic title.</div> <p> A <b>sheriff</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Government_official" class="mw-redirect" title="Government official">government official</a>, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">sýslumaður</i></span>, which is commonly translated to English as <i>sheriff</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, the political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in England and Wales, and a <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">sheriffdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Scotland. </p><p>In modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, a sheriff (or <a href="/wiki/High_sheriff" title="High sheriff">high sheriff</a>) is a ceremonial county or city official.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, sheriffs are <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, in some counties and in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, sheriffs are legal officials similar to <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiffs</a>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">sheriff</a> is a sworn <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer" title="Law enforcement officer">law enforcement officer</a> whose duties vary across states and counties. A sheriff is generally an elected <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">county</a> official, with duties that typically include policing <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated areas</a>, maintaining county <a href="/wiki/Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Jail">jails</a>, providing security to courts in the county, and (in some states) serving <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(law)" title="Warrant (law)">warrants</a> and court papers. In addition to these policing and correction services, a sheriff is often responsible for enforcing <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil law</a> within the jurisdiction.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, sheriffs exist in various forms, with duties and powers depending on the province. In general, the provincial sheriff services manage and transport court prisoners and serve court orders. In some provinces, sheriffs provide security for the court system, protect public officials and support investigations by local police services. In <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, sheriffs perform various law enforcement duties in a supplementary capacity, such as traffic enforcement and responding to 9-1-1 calls in rural areas.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> sheriffs are legal officials similar to <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">bailiffs</a>. In these countries there is no link maintained between counties and sheriffs.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, a sheriff is a largely ceremonial office in a few major cities.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/High_sheriff" title="High sheriff">High sheriff</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_shrievalties" title="List of shrievalties">List of shrievalties</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriffs of the City of London">Sheriffs of the City of London</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> term designated a royal official, a reeve, responsible for managing a <a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">shire</a> or county on behalf of the king. The term is a contraction of <span class="anchor" id="shire_reeve"></span> "<a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">shire</a> <a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">reeve</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">scīrgerefa</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sheriff had a series of duties that included keeping the peace and providing <a href="/wiki/Men_at_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Men at arms">men at arms</a> to support the king in times of strife. Another important duty was the collection of taxes on behalf of the crown. This process involved each division of the county (known as the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred (division)">hundred</a>) paying <a href="/wiki/Danegeld#Norman_era" title="Danegeld">geld</a> (a form of land tax). To assess how much people had to pay, a clerk and a knight were sent by the king to each <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a>. They sat with the sheriff of the county and with a select group of local <a href="/wiki/Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights">knights</a> (two knights from each hundred). After it was determined what geld was to be paid, the knights of the hundred and the bailiff of the hundred were responsible for getting the money to the sheriff, and the sheriff was responsible for getting the money to the <a href="/wiki/Exchequer" title="Exchequer">Exchequer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bartlett_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartlett-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheriffs loyal to certain nobles could and did sabotage the careers of <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a> against whom they, or a noble they were loyal to, bore a grudge.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groups of sheriffs with significant connections had more <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> power in the legal system than most English knights, despite their lack of land.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term and duties were preserved in England even after the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>. However, in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the role evolved over the centuries. In modern times the sheriff or <a href="/wiki/High_sheriff" title="High sheriff">high sheriff</a> is a ceremonial county or city official. Some commercial organisations use the term to refer to <a href="/wiki/High_Court_enforcement_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court enforcement officers">High Court enforcement officers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were known as <i>sheriff's officers</i> prior to 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_court" title="Sheriff court">Sheriff court</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_principal" title="Sheriff principal">Sheriff principal</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> the sheriff is a <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judicial office holder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_court" title="Sheriff court">sheriff courts</a>, and they are members of the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Scotland" title="Judiciary of Scotland">judiciary of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scottishsheriffs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scottishsheriffs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sheriffs_principal"><i>Sheriffs principal</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sheriffs principal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most senior sheriffs are the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_principal" title="Sheriff principal">sheriffs principal</a>, who have administrative as well as judicial authority in the six <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">sheriffdoms</a>, and are responsible for the effective running and administration of all the sheriff courts in their jurisdiction. Sheriffs principal also sit as appeal sheriffs in the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Appeal_Court" title="Sheriff Appeal Court">Sheriff Appeal Court</a>; hearing appeals against <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(law)" title="Sentence (law)">sentencing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">conviction</a> from <a href="/wiki/Summary_offence" title="Summary offence">summary trials</a> in the sheriff courts and <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace_court" title="Justice of the peace court">justice of the peace courts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-profileprincipal_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profileprincipal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The additional duties of a sheriff principal include being <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lighthouse_Board" title="Northern Lighthouse Board">Commissioners of the Northern Lighthouse Board</a> (which is the <a href="/wiki/General_lighthouse_authority" title="General lighthouse authority">general lighthouse authority</a> for Scotland), and chairing local criminal justice boards which bring together local representatives of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Office_and_Procurator_Fiscal_Service" title="Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service">procurator fiscal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Community_Justice_Scotland" title="Community Justice Scotland">Community Justice Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Courts_and_Tribunals_Service" title="Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service">Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NLB_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLB-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-localboards_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-localboards-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sheriffs"><i>Sheriffs</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sheriffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheriffs deal with the majority of civil and criminal court cases in Scotland, with the power to preside in <a href="/wiki/Solemn_proceedings" title="Solemn proceedings">solemn proceedings</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Trial_by_jury_in_Scotland" title="Trial by jury in Scotland">jury of 15</a> for <a href="/wiki/Indictable_offence" title="Indictable offence">indictable offences</a> and sitting alone in summary proceedings for <a href="/wiki/Summary_offence" title="Summary offence">summary offences</a>. A sheriff must be <a href="/wiki/Legal_education" title="Legal education">legally qualified</a>, and have been qualified as an <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Advocates" title="Faculty of Advocates">advocate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Law_Society_of_Scotland" title="Law Society of Scotland">solicitor</a> for at least 10 years. The maximum sentencing power of sheriff in summary proceedings is 12 months <a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">imprisonment</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Fine_(penalty)" title="Fine (penalty)">fine</a> of up to £10,000. In solemn proceedings the maximum sentence is 5 years imprisonment, or an unlimited fine.<sup id="cite_ref-scottishsheriffs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scottishsheriffs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sheriffs also preside over <a href="/wiki/Fatal_accident_inquiry" title="Fatal accident inquiry">fatal accident inquiries</a> which are convened to examine the circumstances around sudden or suspicious deaths, including those who die in the course of employment, in <a href="/wiki/Detention_(imprisonment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention (imprisonment)">custody</a>, or in secure accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-FAI1976_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAI1976-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAI_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAI-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Summary_sheriffs"><i>Summary sheriffs</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Summary sheriffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Summary_sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="Summary sheriff">Summary sheriffs</a> hear <a href="/wiki/Civil_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil case">civil cases</a> brought under Simple Procedure and criminal cases brought under summary proceedings. Their sentencing powers are identical to a sheriff sitting in summary proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-summarysheriffs_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summarysheriffs-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Republic of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Republic of Ireland, a sheriff (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">sirriam</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is appointed under section 12(3) of the Court Officers Act 1945, to perform some of the functions that would otherwise be performed by the <a href="/wiki/County_registrar" title="County registrar">county registrar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irishstatutebook19452_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishstatutebook19452-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-courtsservice2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtsservice2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, two types of sheriff have been appointed:<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four sheriffs (one each for <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Dublin_City" title="Sheriff of Dublin City">Dublin city</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_County_Dublin" title="Sheriff of County Dublin">County Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork city">Cork city</a>, and <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>) are full-time public officials whose responsibilities are:<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-courtsservice2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-courtsservice2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sheehan20132_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan20132-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merrionstreet20182_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merrionstreet20182-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>enforcing <a href="/wiki/Court_order" title="Court order">court orders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Court_(Ireland)" title="Circuit Court (Ireland)">Circuit Court</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">eviction</a> or <a href="/wiki/Debt_collection" title="Debt collection">debt collection</a></li> <li>acting as <a href="/wiki/Returning_officer" title="Returning officer">returning officer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">public elections</a></li> <li>executing tax certificates on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Revenue_Commissioners" title="Revenue Commissioners">Revenue Commissioners</a></li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Revenue_sheriff"></span>Fourteen sheriffs, colloquially called "Revenue sheriffs", have only the third of the preceding functions, the others being done by the county registrar's office.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dail19882_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dail19882-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revenue sheriffs are <a href="/wiki/Solicitor#Republic_of_Ireland" title="Solicitor">solicitors</a> in private practice. Each covers a <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a>, which consist of one or more of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">the state's remaining counties</a>. The Bailiwicks are grouped by counties as follows: <a href="/wiki/County_Carlow" title="County Carlow">Carlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">Kildare</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">Cavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Leitrim" title="County Leitrim">Leitrim</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Longford" title="County Longford">Longford</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Monaghan" title="County Monaghan">Monaghan</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">Clare</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Limerick" title="County Limerick">Limerick</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Donegal" title="County Donegal">Donegal</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Kilkenny" title="County Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Waterford" title="County Waterford">Waterford</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Laois" title="County Laois">Laois</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">Offaly</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">Tipperary</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Louth" title="County Louth">Louth</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">Meath</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Westmeath" title="County Westmeath">Westmeath</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">Mayo</a>; <a href="/wiki/County_Roscommon" title="County Roscommon">Roscommon</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Sligo" title="County Sligo">Sligo</a>; and <a href="/wiki/County_Wexford" title="County Wexford">Wexford</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">Wicklow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dail19882_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dail19882-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the 1922 creation of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, Irish law regarding sheriffs mirrored that of England,<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> latterly with each <a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">administrative county</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> having a ceremonial <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff#Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sheriff">high sheriff</a> and functional <a href="/wiki/Under-sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-sheriff">under-sheriffs</a> responsible for enforcing court orders of the <a href="/wiki/County_court#Ireland" title="County court">county court</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quarter_sessions" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter sessions">quarter sessions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Justice_Act_1924" title="Courts of Justice Act 1924">Courts of Justice Act 1924</a> replaced these courts with a new circuit court.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court Officers Act 1926 formally abolished high sheriffs and phased out under-sheriffs by providing that, as each retired, his functions would be transferred to the county registrar, established by the 1926 act as an officer of the circuit court.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Dublin city under-sheriff retired in 1945, the city registrar was too overworked with other responsibilities to take over his duties, so the Court Officers Act 1945 was passed to allow a new office of sheriff to take over some or all of the under-sheriff's functions.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irishstatutebook19452_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishstatutebook19452-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four Dublin and Cork sheriffs were soon appointed, with much of the under-sheriff's responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revenue sheriffs were introduced for the rest of the state in the late 1980s as part of a crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">tax evasion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hyland20122_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hyland20122-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dail19882_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dail19882-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 the <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_(Ireland)" title="Comptroller and Auditor General (Ireland)">comptroller and auditor general</a> expressed concern that funds collected and held in trust by sheriffs on behalf of the revenue commissioners were at risk of <a href="/wiki/Commingling" title="Commingling">commingling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reformed in 1998 by prohibiting sheriffs from retaining the interest earned on such monies and, to compensate, increasing their <a href="/wiki/Retainer_agreement" title="Retainer agreement">retainer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dail19992_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dail19992-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through to the 1990s the sheriff's post was in the gift of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Justice_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Justice (Ireland)">minister for justice</a>, but by the 2010s it was advertised by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Appointments_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Appointments Service">Public Appointments Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dail19992_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dail19992-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sheehan20132_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sheehan20132-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merrionstreet20182_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merrionstreet20182-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1988 <a href="/wiki/Law_Reform_Commission_(Ireland)" title="Law Reform Commission (Ireland)">Law Reform Commission</a> report made recommendations for updating the 1926 law on sheriffs;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> few of these had been implemented, and the government began a review of the role of sheriffs in state work.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under section 12(5) of the Court Officers Act 1945, an appointee for sheriff must be either: </p> <ul><li>A barrister who has practiced for no less than five years; or</li> <li>A solicitor who has practiced for not less than five years; or</li> <li>Have acted for not less than five years as managing clerk or principal assistant to an under-sheriff or sheriff.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sheriffs_of_India" title="Category:Sheriffs of India">Category:Sheriffs of India</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output 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ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sheriff" title="Special:EditPage/Sheriff">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Among cities in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, only <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Mumbai" title="Sheriff of Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (Bombay), <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Kolkata" title="Sheriff of Kolkata">Kolkata</a> (Calcutta) and <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Madras" title="Sheriff of Madras">Chennai</a> (Madras), the three former British presidencies, have had sheriffs. First established in the 18th century based on the English high sheriffs, they were the executive arm of the judiciary, responsible for assembling jurors, bringing people to trial, supervising the gaoling (imprisonment) of prisoners and seizing and selling property. After the mid-19th century the responsibilities and powers of the role were reduced and the positions became ceremonial. The sheriffs of Mumbai and Kolkata still exist, although the post in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> was abolished in 1998. </p><p>In present times the sheriff has an apolitical, non-executive role, presides over various city-related functions and conferences and welcomes foreign guests. The post is second to the mayor in the protocol list. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">colony</a> of the United States, the office of sheriff also exists. The duties of a sheriff are to primarily serve all writs, execute all processes, and carry into effect all decisions and orders issued by the courts. Sheriffs execute process without attempting to determine their validity.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Australia" title="Law enforcement in Australia">Law enforcement in Australia</a></div> <p>A sheriff's office exists in most <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">Australian states and territories</a>, with various duties. </p> <ul><li>Before 1824, prisons in the British <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> were overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Provost_marshal" title="Provost marshal">provost marshal</a>. This title/position was replaced by that of sheriff when a <i>charter of justice</i> was <a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">proclaimed</a> in 1824.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Toole_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Toole-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to detaining accused criminals awaiting trial, the sheriff executed <a href="/wiki/Death_sentence" class="mw-redirect" title="Death sentence">death sentences</a> and other sentences, controlled <a href="/wiki/Gaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaol">gaols</a>, and handled prison movements, including the <a href="/wiki/Chain_gang" title="Chain gang">chain gangs</a> that worked on <a href="/wiki/Goat_Island_(Port_Jackson)" title="Goat Island (Port Jackson)">Goat Island</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Toole_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Toole-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1867, the sheriff began to be replaced by an independent prisons department, led by an <a href="/wiki/Inspector_general" title="Inspector general">inspector general</a>, which was later renamed <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Comptroller General">comptroller general</a>. Most Australian states adopted this mode of prison oversight for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Toole_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Toole-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New South Wales, the office of the sheriff is part of Courts and Tribunal Services. The office has more than 400 employees at 58 sheriffs' offices. In addition to enforcing <a href="/wiki/Writ" title="Writ">writs</a>, warrants, and property seizure orders issued by New South Wales courts and <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">tribunals</a>, the office of the sheriff also provides court security and administers the state's <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">jury</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>, the sheriff's office is part of the Victoria Department of Justice and Regulation. The office enforces <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(law)" title="Warrant (law)">warrants</a> and orders issued by <a href="/wiki/Australian_court_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian court hierarchy">Victoria courts</a> dealing with unpaid <a href="/wiki/Fine_(penalty)" title="Fine (penalty)">fines</a> (in criminal matters) and unpaid <a href="/wiki/Money_judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Money judgment">money judgments</a> (in civil matters).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Victoria sheriff's office has various enforcement powers against <a href="/wiki/Judgment_debtor" title="Judgment debtor">judgment debtors</a>; they may seize and sell a debtor's assets to satisfy a judgment, place a <a href="/wiki/Wheel_clamp" title="Wheel clamp">wheel clamp</a> on a debtor's car, or direct <a href="/wiki/VicRoads" title="VicRoads">VicRoads</a> to suspend a debtor's <a href="/wiki/Driving_licence_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving licence in Australia">driver's license</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Australia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Australia">vehicle registration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Sheriff of Western Australia – also known as the Sheriff of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Supreme Court of Western Australia">Supreme Court</a>, Marshal of the <a href="/wiki/Family_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Family Court of Western Australia">Family Court</a> and Marshal of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Court of Australia">Federal Court</a> in Western Australia – is an officer of those courts, as well as the <a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="District Court of Western Australia">District Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Magistrates_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Magistrates Court of Western Australia">Magistrates Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sheriff has two main roles. <ul><li><i>Enforcement services</i>: managing the <a href="/wiki/Service_of_process" title="Service of process">serving</a> of court documents, including summonses, and the execution of writs, warrants and orders to recover unpaid fines or debts resulting from court judgments; as such, the Sheriff is also responsible for the appointment of bailiffs – who carry out the above services on behalf of the sheriff.</li> <li><i>Jury services</i>: preparing jury books, which list people potentially available for jury duty, within 17 jury districts in Western Australia, as well as actually summoning people to act as jurors in the Supreme and District courts. The sheriff also investigates any failure by jurors to attend court and also has responsibility for the day-to-day management of juries sitting in the <a href="/wiki/Perth_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth metropolitan area">Perth metropolitan area</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_New_Zealand" title="Sheriffs in New Zealand">Sheriffs in New Zealand</a></div> <p>Sheriffs in New Zealand are officers of the Superior Courts and function as the executive arm of these courts. The role of sheriff is automatically given to anyone who has gained the position of Registrar of the High Court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada#Sheriffs_services" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Law enforcement in Canada § Sheriffs services</a></div> <p>Every province and territory in Canada operates a sheriffs service. In most of Canada, sheriffs are almost exclusively concerned with courtroom security, post-arrest offender transfer, the serving of legal processes, and the execution of civil judgments.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of their exact duties, sheriffs, sheriff's deputies, and sheriffs officers are considered under "peace officers" in the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_(Canada)" title="Criminal Code (Canada)">Criminal Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alberta">Alberta</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Alberta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Sheriffs_Branch" title="Alberta Sheriffs Branch">Alberta Sheriffs Branch</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg/220px-Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg/330px-Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg/440px-Alberta_Sheriff_Ford_Transit_Van.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption>A prisoner transport van used by the Alberta Sheriffs Branch</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Sheriffs_Branch" title="Alberta Sheriffs Branch">Alberta Sheriffs Branch</a> is responsible for courtroom and legislative security, offender transport, commercial vehicle safety and enforcement, and fish and wildlife enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this uniquely broad mandate, the Branch operates a highway patrol, which supplements local and RCMP policing on provincial highways.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, sheriffs began to respond to 9-1-1 calls in rural areas to assist the RCMP and local police services in responding to rural crime concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the province piloted a program that saw sheriffs patrol alongside municipal police officers in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: British Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg/220px-BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg/330px-BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg/440px-BC_Sheriff_Ford_CVPI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Sheriff_Service" title="British Columbia Sheriff Service">British Columbia Sheriff Service</a> <a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria_Police_Interceptor" title="Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor">Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Sheriff_Service" title="British Columbia Sheriff Service">British Columbia Sheriff Service</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Sheriff_Service" title="British Columbia Sheriff Service">British Columbia Sheriff Service</a> is responsible for courtroom security and offender transport.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The issuance of court orders is the responsibility of court bailiffs. These services are contracted out to private civil law enforcement firms.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newfoundland_and_Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Newfoundland and Labrador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="High Sheriff of Newfoundland and Labrador">High Sheriff of Newfoundland and Labrador</a></div> <p>The Office of the High Sheriff of Newfoundland and Labrador provides protection and enforcement duties in support of the provincial, supreme, and appeal courts in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-OHS_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHS-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SOR_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOR-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sheriffs also assists local law enforcement agencies with additional resources to ensure public safety under the provincial Emergency Preparedness Program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nova_Scotia">Nova Scotia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nova Scotia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Nova Scotia, the Nova Scotia Sheriff Services focuses on the safety and security of the judiciary, court staff, the public, and persons in custody. There are local sheriffs for every county in Nova Scotia, numbering over 200 in total. They work with up to 20,000 inmates and travel over 2 million kilometres in a year. Sheriffs are responsible for: court security; the transportation of prisoners to and from institutions and all levels of court; the service of some civil and criminal documents; and the execution of court orders.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ontario">Ontario</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ontario, sheriffs are part of the Enforcement Office in the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Superior_Court_of_Justice" title="Ontario Superior Court of Justice">Superior Court of Justice</a>, which was previously named (and is still sometimes referred to as) the Sheriff's Office. They are mainly responsible for issuing and enforcing writs of the court, such as in jury selection, debt collection and evictions.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Courtroom security and offender transport services are provided by local police services or, where none exists, the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Provincial_Police" title="Ontario Provincial Police">Ontario Provincial Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Quebec">Quebec</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Quebec"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sheriffs (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">shérifs</i></span>) are responsible for the jury selection process.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They handle court orders, orders, and writs while they are involved in seizure and sale of property.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Court security is the responsibility of armed provincial <a href="/wiki/Special_constable#Canada" title="Special constable">special constables</a>, while offender transport is the responsibility of the province's correction service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriffs in the United States</a></div> <p>The sheriff is most often an elected county official who serves as the chief civilian <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer#United_States" title="Law enforcement officer">law enforcement officer</a> of their jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-SD_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sheriff enforces court orders and mandates and may perform duties such as <a href="/wiki/Evictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Evictions">evictions</a>, seizing property and assets pursuant to court orders, and serving <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(law)" title="Warrant (law)">warrants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_of_process" title="Service of process">legal papers</a>. In some counties where urban areas have their own <a href="/wiki/Police_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Police department">police departments</a>, a sheriff may be restricted to <a href="/wiki/Civil_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Civil procedure in the United States">civil procedure</a> enforcement duties, while in other counties, the sheriff may serve as the principal <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> force and have jurisdiction over all of the county's <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a>, including those that maintain their own <a href="/wiki/Municipal_police" title="Municipal police">municipal police</a> departments.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sheriff often administers the county jails and is responsible for court security functions within their jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-SD_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office of sheriff as county official in <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">colonial North America</a> is recorded from the 1640s.<sup id="cite_ref-History_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the modern United States, the scope of a sheriff varies across <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a> (which in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> are called "parishes" and in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> "boroughs"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_South_Africa" title="Sheriffs in South Africa">Sheriffs in South Africa</a></div> <p>In South Africa, the sheriffs are officers of the court and function as the executive arm of the court. They are responsible for serving court processes like summonses and subpoenas. They play an important role in the execution of court orders like the attachments of immovable and movable property; evictions, demolitions etc. </p><p>The Sheriffs Act 90 of 1986, which came into operation on 1 March 1990, governs the profession. A sheriff is appointed by the Minister for Justice and Constitutional Development in terms of Section 2 of the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_offices">Related offices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Related offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">Reeve (England)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landvogt" class="mw-redirect" title="Landvogt">Landvogt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landgericht_(medieval)" title="Landgericht (medieval)">Landgericht (medieval)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(France)" title="Bailiff (France)">Bailiff (France)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huissier_de_justice" title="Huissier de justice">Huissier de justice</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sheriff" title="Special:EditPage/Sheriff">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> until 2021 there was the office of <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Lensmann#Modern_police_officer" title="Lensmann">lensmann</a></i></span>, which in their mostly rural police districts had functions similar to those of a US sheriff, consisting of the duties of <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">civilian as well as criminal peace officers.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">lensmann</i></span> was directly subordinate to the <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Fylkesmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Fylkesmann">fylkesmann</a></i></span> (county governor) until 1994, when the office became subordinate to the local chief of police (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">politimester</i></span>). In 2000, a lot of civilian duties were transferred to the regular police (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">politi</i></span>), and much of the difference between the <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">politi</i></span> and <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">lensmann</i></span> disappeared. The office is now called <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">politistasjonssjef</i></span> (police station chief), or in some places<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">politiavdelingssjef</i></span> (police unit chief). </p><p>Because the police has taken over most typical 'sheriffs' duties from the year 2000 onwards, there is no longer a difference between the former rank of a "sheriff's deputy" (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">lensmannsbetjent</i></span>) and that of a regular police officer (<span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">politibetjent</i></span>). </p><p>The lensmann has been elected by the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#Norway" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a> since the year 1293<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sheriff#Dubious" title="Talk:Sheriff">discuss</a></i>]</sup>, but was nominated by the <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Sysselmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Sysselmann">sysselmann</a></i></span>, the appointed governor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDsluma%C3%B0ur" title="Sýslumaður">Sýslumaður</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <i>sýslumenn</i> (singular <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">sýslumaður</i></span>, translated "sheriff")<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are administrators of the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, holders of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">executive power</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">jurisdiction</a> and heads of their Sheriff's Office. Sheriffs are in charge of certain legal matters that typically involve registration of some sort and executing the orders of the court. The duties of the sheriffs differ slightly depending on their jurisdiction but they can be broadly categorised as: </p> <ul><li>Duties of all sheriffs: <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marital</a> matters (such as general registration of <a href="/wiki/Marital_status" title="Marital status">marital status</a> and performing <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriages</a>), <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">statutory</a> matters, <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a> matters and more.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Duties of all sheriffs except in <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>: collection of public fees, publication of licences and permits for various personal and business purposes and more.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Special duties of some sheriffs: in some jurisdictions the sheriff is also the <a href="/wiki/Police_commissioner" title="Police commissioner">commissioner of police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are 24 sheriffs and sheriff jurisdictions in Iceland. The jurisdictions are not defined by the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iceland" title="Administrative divisions of Iceland">administrative divisions of Iceland</a> but are mainly a mixture of <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a>. </p><p>The post of sheriff was mandated by the <a href="/wiki/Old_Covenant_(Iceland)" title="Old Covenant (Iceland)">Old Covenant</a>, an agreement between the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Commonwealth" title="Icelandic Commonwealth">Icelandic Commonwealth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Kingdom of Norway</a>. The agreement which was ratified between 1262 and 1264 makes the post of sheriff the oldest secular position of government still operating in Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal" title="Marshal">Marshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Nottingham" title="Sheriff of Nottingham">Sheriff of Nottingham</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shrievalty">"Definition of SHRIEVALTY"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+SHRIEVALTY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fshrievalty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishlaw.org.uk/scotlaw/sheriff.htm">"Sheriff Courts and Sheriffdoms in Scotland - Scots Law"</a>. Kevin F Crombie. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheriff+Courts+and+Sheriffdoms+in+Scotland+-+Scots+Law&rft.pub=Kevin+F+Crombie&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishlaw.org.uk%2Fscotlaw%2Fsheriff.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817210101/http://www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk/36/0/Sheriffs">"Sheriffs - Judicial Office Holders - About the Judiciary"</a>. <i>Judiciary of Scotland</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk/36/0/Sheriffs">the original</a> on 17 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Montgomery+County+Sheriff%27s+Office+%28Maryland%29&rft.atitle=England+%26+United+States+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montgomerycountymd.gov%2Fsheriff%2Finformation%2FEngland-United-States-history.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520modern%2520word%2520%25E2%2580%259CSheriff%25E2%2580%259D%252C%2Cand%2520enforcing%2520the%2520Kings%2520Orders.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheriffs.org.za">"S.A. Board for Sheriffs"</a>. <i>sheriffs.org.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sheriffs.org.za&rft.atitle=S.A.+Board+for+Sheriffs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheriffs.org.za&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.glosbe.com/en/is/Sheriff">"Sheriff in Icelandic - English-Icelandic Dictionary | Glosbe"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheriff+in+Icelandic+-+English-Icelandic+Dictionary+%26%23124%3B+Glosbe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.glosbe.com%2Fen%2Fis%2FSheriff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syslumenn.is/allir">"Verkefni allra sýslumanna"</a> [Tasks of all sheriffs] (in Icelandic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verkefni+allra+s%C3%BDslumanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syslumenn.is%2Fallir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syslumenn.is/utanrvk/">"Verkefni sýslumanna utan Reykjavíkur"</a> [Tasks of sheriffs outside Reykjavík] (in Icelandic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verkefni+s%C3%BDslumanna+utan+Reykjav%C3%ADkur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syslumenn.is%2Futanrvk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629020702/http://www.syslumenn.is/serstok-verkefni/">"Sérstök verkefni sýslumanna"</a> [Special tasks of sheriffs] (in Icelandic). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syslumenn.is/serstok-verkefni/">the original</a> on 29 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C3%A9rst%C3%B6k+verkefni+s%C3%BDslumanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syslumenn.is%2Fserstok-verkefni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syslumenn.is/syslumenn/saga-embaettanna/">"Saga sýslumanna"</a> [History of sheriffs] (in Icelandic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>. <q>Sýslumanna er fyrst getið hérlendis í einu handriti að sáttmála þeim sem Íslendingar gerðu við Noregskonung og öðlaðist staðfestingu á árunum 1262 til 1264 og síðar var nefndur Gamli sáttmáli, en með sáttmála þessum má segja að Íslendingar hafi gerst þegnar Noregskonungs. Eru sýslumenn elstu veraldlegu embættismenn sem enn starfa hérlendis og hafa alla tíð verið mikilvægur hluti stjórnsýslunnar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saga+s%C3%BDslumanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syslumenn.is%2Fsyslumenn%2Fsaga-embaettanna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheriff" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheriff&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template talk:Types of law enforcement agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of law enforcement agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies435" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency">Types of law enforcement agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of law enforcement agencies">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_police" title="Airport police">Airport police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_police" title="Auxiliary police">Auxiliary police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus police">Campus police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_police" title="Cantonal police">Cantonal police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_police" title="Capitol police">Capitol police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_constable" title="Cathedral constable">Cathedral constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_police" title="Company police">Company police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_police" title="County police">County police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_police" title="Fire police">Fire police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_patrol" title="Highway patrol">Highway patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(military_police)" title="Provost (military police)">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_police" title="Municipal police">Municipal police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_police" title="Park police">Park police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_tactical_unit" title="Police tactical unit">Police tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_police" title="Postal police">Postal police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Private police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_police" title="Railroad police">Railroad police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_police" title="Regional police">Regional police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_police" title="Regimental police">Regimental police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_police" title="Riot police">Riot police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">Secret police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_police" title="Security police">Security police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_police" title="Special police">Special police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police" title="State police">State police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_police_force" title="Territorial police force">Territorial police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_police" title="Water police">Water police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-corruption agency">Anti-corruption agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">Bodyguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">Bounty hunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bail_bondsman" title="Bail bondsman">Bail bondsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_guard" title="City guard">City guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department" title="Criminal Investigation Department">Criminal investigation agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_officer" title="Intelligence officer">Intelligence officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer" title="Law enforcement officer">Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_watch" title="Neighborhood watch">Neighborhood watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapolice" title="Parapolice">Parapolice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">Police officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posse_comitatus" title="Posse comitatus">Posse comitatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">Prison officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_security_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective security units">Protective security units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">Security guard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thief-taker" title="Thief-taker">Thief-taker</a></li> <li><a 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