CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Seljuk dynasty - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"72b7cc36-97e3-4a9c-ae9a-d22964fb033f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Seljuk_dynasty","wgTitle":"Seljuk dynasty","wgCurRevisionId":1255721784,"wgRevisionId":1255721784,"wgArticleId":6116724,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Persian-language text","Pages with missing ISBNs","Seljuk dynasty","First Crusade","History of Nishapur","Maturidis"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Seljuk_dynasty","wgRelevantArticleId":6116724,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3708255","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled": false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap" ,"ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg/1200px-Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="970"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg/800px-Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="646"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg/640px-Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="517"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Seljuk dynasty - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Seljuk_dynasty rootpage-Seljuk_dynasty skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Seljuk+dynasty" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Seljuk+dynasty" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Seljuk+dynasty" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Seljuk+dynasty" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Later period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Seljuk rulers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Seljuk_rulers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Seljuk rulers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rulers_of_the_Seljuk_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers_of_the_Seljuk_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rulers of the Seljuk Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulers_of_the_Seljuk_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Seljuk sultans of Hamadan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_rulers_of_Kerman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_rulers_of_Kerman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Seljuk rulers of Kerman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_rulers_of_Kerman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_rulers_in_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_rulers_in_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Seljuk rulers in Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_rulers_in_Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_sultans_of_Rum_(Anatolia)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Rum_(Anatolia)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Seljuk sultans of Rum (Anatolia)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_sultans_of_Rum_(Anatolia)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seljuk dynasty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldschuken" title="Seldschuken – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Seldschuken" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="السلالة السلجوقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السلالة السلجوقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_sely%C3%BAcida" title="Dinastía selyúcida – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dinastía selyúcida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99lcuqil%C9%99r" title="Səlcuqilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səlcuqilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سلجوق خاندانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سلجوق خاندانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6" title="সেলজুক রাজবংশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেলজুক রাজবংশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_%C3%B4ng-ti%C3%A2u" title="Seljuk ông-tiâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seljuk ông-tiâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Сәлжүкиҙәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәлжүкиҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Сельджукіды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сельджукіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сэльджукі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэльджукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Селджукиди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Селджукиди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuci" title="Seldžuci – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Seldžuci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_selj%C3%BAcida" title="Dinastia seljúcida – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia seljúcida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiyang_Seldyuk" title="Dinastiyang Seldyuk – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dinastiyang Seldyuk" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuck%C3%A1_dynastie" title="Seldžucká dynastie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seldžucká dynastie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldsjukker" title="Seldsjukker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seldsjukker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldschuken" title="Seldschuken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seldschuken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEukid" title="Seldžukid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seldžukid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Δυναστεία των Σελτζούκων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία των Σελτζούκων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_sely%C3%BAcida" title="Dinastía selyúcida – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía selyúcida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel%C4%9Dukoj" title="Selĝukoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Selĝukoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuktarren_dinastia" title="Seljuktarren dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Seljuktarren dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82" title="دودمان سلجوق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان سلجوق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldjoukides" title="Seldjoukides – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seldjoukides" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seltsjoeken" title="Seltsjoeken – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Seltsjoeken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_selx%C3%BAcida" title="Dinastía selxúcida – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía selxúcida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%80%EC%A3%BC%ED%81%AC_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="셀주크 왕조 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셀주크 왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuci" title="Seldžuci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Seldžuci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldjukidi" title="Seldjukidi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Seldjukidi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Seljuk" title="Dinasti Seljuk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Seljuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selj%C3%BAktyrkir" title="Seljúktyrkir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seljúktyrkir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selgiuchidi" title="Selgiuchidi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Selgiuchidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="השושלת הסלג'וקית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השושלת הסלג'וקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Селжүктер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Селжүктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selc%C3%BBq%C3%AE" title="Selcûqî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Selcûqî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selgiukidae" title="Selgiukidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Selgiukidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuku_dinastija" title="Seldžuku dinastija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Seldžuku dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEiukai" title="Seldžiukai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Seldžiukai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeldzsuk-dinasztia" title="Szeldzsuk-dinasztia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szeldzsuk-dinasztia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Селџуци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Селџуци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljokida" title="Seljokida – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Seljokida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سلجوقیون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سلجوقیون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Saljuk" title="Wangsa Saljuk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wangsa Saljuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seltsjoeken" title="Seltsjoeken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Seltsjoeken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E6%9C%9D" title="セルジューク朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルジューク朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldsjukkene" title="Seldsjukkene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Seldsjukkene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldsjukkar" title="Seldsjukkar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Seldsjukkar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljoquidas" title="Seljoquidas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Seljoquidas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saljuqiylar" title="Saljuqiylar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saljuqiylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلجوق خاندان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلجوق خاندان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BCukidzi" title="Seldżukidzi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Seldżukidzi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcos_selj%C3%BAcidas" title="Turcos seljúcidas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turcos seljúcidas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Сельджукиды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сельджукиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selxhuk%C3%ABt" title="Selxhukët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Selxhukët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seljuk dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuki" title="Seldžuki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seldžuki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C" title="شانشینی سەلجووقی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانشینی سەلجووقی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Селџучка династија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Селџучка династија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuci" title="Seldžuci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Seldžuci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_S%C3%A9ljuk" title="Dinasti Séljuk – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dinasti Séljuk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seld%C5%BEukit" title="Seldžukit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Seldžukit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seldjuker" title="Seldjuker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Seldjuker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiyang_Selyusida" title="Dinastiyang Selyusida – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dinastiyang Selyusida" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="செல்யூக் அரசமரபு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செல்யூக் அரசமரபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84" title="ราชวงศ์เซลจุค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์เซลจุค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%B7%D1%83%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Салҷуқиён – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Салҷуқиён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uklu_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Selçuklu Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Selçuklu Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuklar" title="Seljuklar – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Seljuklar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Сельджукіди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сельджукіди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلجوق خاندان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلجوق خاندان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%82%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سەلجۇقىيلار – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سەلجۇقىيلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selzuchi" title="Selzuchi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Selzuchi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_Seljuk" title="Nhà Seljuk – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Seljuk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastiya_Seljuq" title="Dinastiya Seljuq – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dinastiya Seljuq" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%B1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="塞尔柱王朝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塞尔柱王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E6%9F%B1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="塞爾柱王朝 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塞爾柱王朝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E6%9F%B1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="塞爾柱王朝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞爾柱王朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3708255#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Seljuk_dynasty" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Seljuk_dynasty" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Seljuk_dynasty" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&oldid=1255721784" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Seljuk_dynasty&id=1255721784&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeljuk_dynasty"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeljuk_dynasty"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Seljuk_dynasty&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seljuk_dynasty" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3708255" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Oghuz Turkic dynasty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Seljuk Turks" redirects here. For the territory over which they ruled, see <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Seljuk dynasty</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg/110px-Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg/165px-Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg/220px-Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1810" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagle" title="Double-headed eagle">Double-headed eagle</a>, used as a symbol by several Seljuk rulers including <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">Kayqubad I</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">10th century – <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_(warlord)" title="Seljuk (warlord)">Seljuk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Sultan of Seljuk Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultan of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_Seljuk_Sultanate" title="Kerman Seljuk Sultanate">Sultan of Kermân (or Kirmân)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Damascus" title="List of rulers of Damascus">Emir of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Aleppo">Emir of Aleppo</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Traditions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data"><small><b>Damascus</b>:</small><br />1104 – <a href="/wiki/Irtash" title="Irtash">Baktāsh <i>(Ertaş)</i></a>, dethroned by <a href="/wiki/Toghtekin" title="Toghtekin">Toghtekin</a> <p><small><b>Great Seljuk</b>:</small><br />1194 – <a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a> was killed in battle with <a href="/wiki/Ala_ad-Din_Tekish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ala ad-Din Tekish">Tekish</a> </p> <small><b>Rum</b>:</small><br />1308 – <a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> died</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Seljuk dynasty</b>, or <b>Seljukids</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SEL</span>-juuk</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سلجوقیان</span> <i>Saljuqian</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), <b>Seljuqs</b>, also known as <b>Seljuk Turks</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Seljuk Turkomans</b><sup id="cite_ref-manzikert_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manzikert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Saljuqids</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turkic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasty</a> that gradually became <a href="/wiki/Persianate_society" title="Persianate society">Persianate</a> and contributed to <a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a> culture<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. The Seljuks established the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> (1037–1194), the <a href="/wiki/Kerman_Seljuk_Sultanate" title="Kerman Seljuk Sultanate">Sultanate of Kermân</a> (1041–1186) and the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> (1074–1308), which stretched from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> to <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and were the prime targets of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Seljuks originated from the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1n%C4%B1k_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kınık (tribe)">Kinik</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who in the 8th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world; north of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgu State</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Steppe" title="Kazakh Steppe">Kazakh Steppe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 10th century, Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Adas_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_(warlord)" title="Seljuk (warlord)">Seljuk</a>, the leader of the Seljuk clan, had a falling out with <a href="/wiki/Yabghu" title="Yabghu">Yabghu</a>, the supreme chieftain of the Oghuz, he split his clan from the bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> and set up camp on the west bank of the lower <a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya" title="Syr Darya">Syr Darya</a>. Around 985, Seljuk converted to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Adas_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 11th century, the Seljuks migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">province of Khurasan</a>, where they encountered the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznavid">Ghaznavids</a>. The Seljuks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Nasa Plains in 1035. Seljuk's grandsons, <a href="/wiki/Tughril" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughril">Tughril</a> and Chaghri, received the insignias of governor, grants of land, and were given the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Dehqan" title="Dehqan">dehqan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dandanaqan" title="Battle of Dandanaqan">Battle of Dandanaqan</a>, they defeated a Ghaznavid army, and after a successful siege of <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tughril" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughril">Tughril</a> in 1050/51,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk Empire</a>. The Seljuks mixed with the local population and adopted the <a href="/wiki/Persian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian culture">Persian culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> in the following decades.<sup id="cite_ref-iranica_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iranica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ravandi_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ravandi-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_period">Later period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After arriving in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Persia</a>, the Seljuks adopted the <a href="/wiki/Persianate" class="mw-redirect" title="Persianate">Persian culture</a> and used the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> as the official language of the government,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and played an important role in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Turko-Persian_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Persian tradition">Turko-Persian tradition</a> which features "Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, they are remembered as great patrons of <a href="/wiki/Persian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian culture">Persian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iranica_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iranica-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ravandi_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ravandi-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seljuk_rulers">Seljuk rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Seljuk rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_royal_figure,_12-13th_century,_from_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Male_royal_figure%2C_12-13th_century%2C_from_Iran.jpg/220px-Male_royal_figure%2C_12-13th_century%2C_from_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Male_royal_figure%2C_12-13th_century%2C_from_Iran.jpg/330px-Male_royal_figure%2C_12-13th_century%2C_from_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Male_royal_figure%2C_12-13th_century%2C_from_Iran.jpg/440px-Male_royal_figure%2C_12-13th_century%2C_from_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Head of Seljuk male royal figure, 12–13th century, from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Carved and drilled stone with Iranian craftsmanship. Kept at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Metropolitan Museum of Art">New York Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borj-toghrul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Borj-toghrul.jpg/220px-Borj-toghrul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Borj-toghrul.jpg/330px-Borj-toghrul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Borj-toghrul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tughrul_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughrul Tower">Toghrol Tower</a>, a 12th-century monument south of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> commemorating <a href="/wiki/To%C4%9Fr%C3%BCl" class="mw-redirect" title="Toğrül">Toğrül</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharaghan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kharaghan.jpg/220px-Kharaghan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kharaghan.jpg/330px-Kharaghan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kharaghan.jpg/440px-Kharaghan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kharraqan_towers" title="Kharraqan towers">Kharāghān twin towers</a>, built in Iran in 1053 to house the remains of Seljuk princes</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulers_of_the_Seljuk_Dynasty">Rulers of the Seljuk Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rulers of the Seljuk Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Great Seljuks" were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over all the other Seljuk lines, although in practice this often was not the case. Turkic custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuk, although usually the position was associated with the ruler of western Persia. </p> <table width="60%" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="17%">Titular name(s) </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="17%">Personal name </th> <th style="background-color:#F0DC88" width="17%">Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Bey</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بیگ</span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tughril_I" title="Tughril I">Tughril I</a> <br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">طغرل</span></small> </td> <td align="center">1037–1063 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Bey</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بیگ</span></small> </td> <td align="center">Suleiman<sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلیمان شاہ</span></small> </td> <td align="center">1063<sup id="cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selçuklular-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a> (Arslan I) <br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">الپ ارسلان</span></small> </td> <td align="center">1063–1072 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small><br /><i>Jalāl al-Dawlah</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جلال الدولہ </span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Shah I">Malik Shah I</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک شاہ یکم </span></small> </td> <td align="center">1072–1092 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small><br />Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din<br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ناصر الدنیا والدین</span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I_of_Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud I of Great Seljuk">Mahmud I</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محمود یکم</span></small> </td> <td align="center">1092–1094 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small><br /><i>Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">أبو المظفر رکن الدنیا والدین </span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Barkiyaruq" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkiyaruq">Barkiyaruq</a> <br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">برکیارق </span></small> </td> <td align="center">1094–1105 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small><br /><i>Muizz al-Din</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">معز الدین </span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Shah II">Malik Shah II</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ملک شاہ دوم </span></small> </td> <td align="center">1104–1105 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small><br /><i>Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">غیاث الدنیا والدین </span></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Tapar" title="Muhammad I Tapar">Muhammad I Tapar</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">محمد تاپار </span></small> </td> <td align="center">1105–1118 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><i>Sultan</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سلطان</span></small><br /><i>Muizz al-Din</i><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">معز الدین </span></small> </td> <td align="center">*<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a><br /><small><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">احمد سنجر</span></small> </td> <td align="center">1118–1153 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarazmian dynasty">Khwarazmian dynasty</a> replaces the Seljuk dynasty. From 1157, the <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz</a> took control of much of Khurasan, with the remainder in the hands of former Seljuk emirs. </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Muhammad's son <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II_of_Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud II of Great Seljuk">Mahmud II</a> succeeded him in western Persia, but <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a>, who was the governor of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khurasan</a> at the time being the senior member of the family, became the Great Seljuk Sultan.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Seljuk sultans of Hamadan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Seljuk sultans of Hamadan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg/300px-Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg/450px-Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg/600px-Seljuk_Empire_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk Empire</a> in 1092, upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Shah I">Malik Shah I</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. Several Turkic <a href="/wiki/Emirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirs">emirs</a> gained a strong level of influence in the region, such as the <a href="/wiki/Atabegs_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Atabegs of Azerbaijan">Eldiguzids</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II_of_Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud II of Great Seljuk">Mahmud II</a> 1118–1131</li> <li>1131–1133 disputed between: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_(Seljuk_sultan)" title="Dawud (Seljuk sultan)">Dawud</a> 1131–1132</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ud_of_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mas'ud of Seljuk">Mas'ud</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Jibal" title="Jibal">Jibal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Azerbaijan">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>) 1132</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toghrul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Toghrul II">Toghrul II</a>, 1132–1133</li></ul></li> <li>Mas'ud 1133–1152</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Shah III">Malik Shah III</a> 1152–1153</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad II of Seljuk">Muhammad II</a> 1153–1159</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman-Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman-Shah">Suleiman-Shah</a> 1159–1161</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan-Shah_(Seljuk_sultan)" title="Arslan-Shah (Seljuk sultan)">Arslan-Shah</a> 1161–1177</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a> 1177–1194</li></ul> <p>In 1194, Toghrul III was killed in battle with the <a href="/wiki/Khwarezmid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezmid Empire">Khwarezm Shah</a>, who annexed Hamadan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seljuk_rulers_of_Kerman">Seljuk rulers of Kerman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seljuk rulers of Kerman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kerman_Seljuk_Sultanate" title="Kerman Seljuk Sultanate">Kerman Seljuk Sultanate</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kerman_province" title="Kerman province">Kerman</a> was a province in southern Persia. Between 1053 and 1154, the territory also included <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Umman</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qavurt" title="Qavurt">Qavurt</a> 1041–1073 (great-grantson of Seljuq, brother of Alp Arslan)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerman_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerman Shah (page does not exist)">Kerman Shah</a> 1073–1074</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Shah_of_Kerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Shah of Kerman (page does not exist)">Sultan Shah</a> 1074–1075 or 1074–1085</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hussain_Omar_of_Kerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hussain Omar of Kerman (page does not exist)">Hussain Omar</a> 1075–1084</li></ul> <p>or 1074 (before Sultan Shah) </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan_Shah_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan Shah I (page does not exist)">Turan Shah I</a> 1084–1096 or 1085–1097</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranshah_ibn_Turanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranshah ibn Turanshah">Iranshah ibn Turanshah</a> 1096–1101 or 1097–1101</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan_Shah_I" title="Arslan Shah I">Arslan Shah I</a> 1101–1142</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_I_of_Kerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad I of Kerman (page does not exist)">Muhammad I</a> 1142–1156</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu%C4%9Frul_of_Kerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuğrul of Kerman (page does not exist)">Tuğrul Shah</a> 1156–1169 or 1156–1170</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram-Shah_(Kirman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahram-Shah (Kirman) (page does not exist)">Bahram-Shah</a> 1169–1174 or 1170–1175</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arslan_Shah_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arslan Shah II (page does not exist)">Arslan Shah II</a> 1174–1176 or 1175–1176</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan-Shah_ibn_Tu%C4%9Frul_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan-Shah ibn Tuğrul Shah (page does not exist)">Turan Shah II</a> 1176–1183</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad-Shah_ibn_Bahram-Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad-Shah ibn Bahram-Shah">Muhammad II Shah</a> 1183–1187 or 1183–1186</li></ul> <p>Muhammad abandoned Kerman, which fell into the hands of the Oghuz chief <a href="/wiki/Malik_Dinar_(Oghuz_Chief)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Dinar (Oghuz Chief)">Malik Dinar</a>. Kerman was eventually annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarazmian dynasty">Khwarezmid Empire</a> in 1196. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seljuk_rulers_in_Syria">Seljuk rulers in Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Seljuk rulers in Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla <a href="/wiki/Tutush_I" title="Tutush I">Tutush I</a> 1085–1086</li> <li>Jalal ad-Dawlah <a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Shah I">Malik Shah I</a> of Great Seljuk 1086–1087</li> <li>Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said <a href="/wiki/Aq_Sunqur_al-Hajib" title="Aq Sunqur al-Hajib">Aq Sunqur al-Hajib</a> 1087–1094</li> <li>Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla <a href="/wiki/Tutush_I" title="Tutush I">Tutush I</a> (<i>second time</i>) 1094–1095</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_Ridwan" title="Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan">Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan</a> 1095–1113</li> <li>Tadj ad-Dawla <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan_al-Akhras" title="Alp Arslan al-Akhras">Alp Arslan al-Akhras</a> 1113–1114</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Shah_ibn_Radwan" title="Sultan Shah ibn Radwan">Sultan Shah</a> 1114–1123</li></ul> <p><i>To the <a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a></i> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultans</a>/<a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emirs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>: </p> <ul><li>Aziz ibn <a href="/wiki/Atsiz_ibn_Uwaq" title="Atsiz ibn Uwaq">Abaaq al-Khwarazmi</a> 1076–1079</li> <li>Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla <a href="/wiki/Tutush_I" title="Tutush I">Tutush I</a> 1079–1095</li> <li>Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk <a href="/wiki/Duqaq_(Seljuk_ruler_of_Damascus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duqaq (Seljuk ruler of Damascus)">Duqaq</a> 1095–1104</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutush_II" title="Tutush II">Tutush II</a> 1104</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtash" title="Irtash">Muhi ad-Din Baktāsh <i>(Ertaş)</i></a> 1104</li></ul> <p><i>Damascus seized by the <a href="/wiki/Burid" class="mw-redirect" title="Burid">Burid</a> <a href="/wiki/Toghtekin" title="Toghtekin">Toghtekin</a></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seljuk_sultans_of_Rum_(Anatolia)"><span id="Seljuk_sultans_of_Rum_.28Anatolia.29"></span>Seljuk sultans of Rum (Anatolia)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Seljuk sultans of Rum (Anatolia)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Rûm">Sultanate of Rûm</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg/300px-Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg/450px-Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg/600px-Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum_1190_Locator_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm">Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm</a> in 1190, before the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Seljuk line, already having been deprived of any significant power, effectively ended in the early 14th century. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_history" title="Turkic history">History of the Turkic peoples</a> <small>pre–14th century</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE."><img alt="Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg/250px-Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg/375px-Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg/500px-Court_of_Seljuk_ruler_Tughril_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2375" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabir</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Cherniye Klobuki</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qasgqai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Sakha</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic Mythology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Belief system: <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Chief gods and goddesses: <a href="/wiki/Kayra" title="Kayra">Kayra</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clgen" title="Ülgen">Ülgen</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Epics and heroes: <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Ergenekon" title="Epic of Ergenekon">Ergenekon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asena" title="Asena">Asena</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Major concepts: <a href="/wiki/Sheka_(mythology)" title="Sheka (mythology)">Sheka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grey_wolf_(mythology)" title="Grey wolf (mythology)">Grey wolf</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;line-height:1.2em;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_history" title="Turkic history">Pre-14th century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz People</a></b> <small>202 BCE–13th CE</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Khaganate" title="Kyrgyz Khaganate">Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></b> <small>71 BC–?? AD</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele (Gaoche) </a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>552–581</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>581–657</small></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Tokhara Yabghus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>581–650</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a> <small>682–744</small></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabiri People</a></b></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a></b> <small>618–1048</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></b> <small>628–646</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kangar_union" title="Kangar union">Kangar Union</a></b> <small>659–750</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Turk Shahi">Turk Shahi</a></b> <small>665-850</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh Khaganate</a></b> <small>699–766</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kimek%E2%80%93Kipchak_confederation" title="Kimek–Kipchak confederation">Kimek–Kipchak Confederation</a></b> <small>743–1035</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></b> <small>744–840</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">Oghuz Yabgu State</a></b> <small>750–1055</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Karluk_Yabgu_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Karluk Yabgu State">Karluk Yabgu State</a></b> <small>756–940</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></b> <small>840–1212</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate#Kara-Khanid_dynasty" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Western Kara-Khanid</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate#Kara-Khanid_dynasty" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Eastern Kara-Khanid</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou_Uyghur_Kingdom" title="Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom">Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom</a></b> <small>848–1036</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Qocho" title="Qocho">Qocho</a></b> <small>856–1335</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pecheneg Khanates</a></b> <small>860–1091</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid Empire</a></b> <small>963–1186</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></b> <small>1037–1194</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cuman–Kipchak Confederation</a></b> <small>1067–1239</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a></b> <small>1077–1231</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Kerait Khanate</a></b> <small>11th century–13th century</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Atabegs of Azerbaijan</a></b> <small>1136–1225</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></b> <small>1206–1526</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk dynasty</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq dynasty</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Qarlughids" title="Qarlughids">Qarlughid Kingdom</a></b> <small>1224–1266</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></b> <small>1242–1502</small></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)</a></b> <small>1250–1517</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Bahri dynasty</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman State">Ottoman State</a></b> <small>1299–1922</small></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Turkic_peoples_pre-14th_century" title="Template:History of the Turkic peoples pre-14th century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Turkic_peoples_pre-14th_century" title="Template talk:History of the Turkic peoples pre-14th century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Turkic_peoples_pre-14th_century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Turkic peoples pre-14th century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kutalmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutalmish">Kutalmish</a> 1060–1077</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ibn_Qutulmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman ibn Qutulmish">Suleyman I</a> (Suleiman) 1077–1086</li> <li>Dawud <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a> 1092–1107</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_(R%C3%BBm)" title="Malik Shah (Rûm)">Malik Shah</a> 1107–1116</li> <li>Rukn ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Mesud_I" title="Mesud I">Mesud I</a> 1116–1156</li> <li>Izz ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_II" title="Kilij Arslan II">Kilij Arslan II</a> 1156–1192</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_I" title="Kaykhusraw I">Kaykhusraw I</a> 1192–1196</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_II_of_R%C3%BCm" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman II of Rüm">Suleyman II</a> (Suleiman) 1196–1204</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_III" title="Kilij Arslan III">Kilij Arslan III</a> 1204–1205</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_I" title="Kaykhusraw I">Kaykhusraw I</a> <i>(second time)</i> 1205–1211</li> <li>Izz ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kaykaus_I" title="Kaykaus I">Kaykaus I</a> 1211–1220</li> <li>Ala ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">Kayqubad I</a> 1220–1237</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_II" title="Kaykhusraw II">Kaykhusraw II</a> 1237–1246</li> <li>Izz ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kaykaus_II" title="Kaykaus II">Kaykaus II</a> 1246–1260</li> <li>Rukn ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_IV" title="Kilij Arslan IV">Kilij Arslan IV</a> 1248–1265</li> <li>Ala ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_II" title="Kayqubad II">Kayqubad II</a> 1249–1257</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_III" title="Kaykhusraw III">Kaykhusraw III</a> 1265–1282</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> 1282–1284</li> <li>Ala ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a> 1284</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> <i>(second time)</i> 1284–1293</li> <li>Ala ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a> <i>(second time)</i> 1293–1294</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> <i>(third time)</i> 1294–1301</li> <li>Ala ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a> <i>(third time)</i> 1301–1303</li> <li>Ghiyath ad-Din <a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a> <i>(fourth time)</i> 1303–1307</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shatranj chess set, glazed fritware, 12th-century Iran. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art."><img alt="Shatranj chess set, glazed fritware, 12th-century Iran. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg/120px-Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg/180px-Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg/240px-Chess_Set_MET_DP170393.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3905" data-file-height="2972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">Shatranj</a> chess set, glazed <a href="/wiki/Fritware" title="Fritware">fritware</a>, 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Metropolitan Museum of Art">New York Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seljuk sarcophagus at the Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum"><img alt="Seljuk sarcophagus at the Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg/120px-Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg/180px-Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg/240px-Eski%C5%9Fehir_Archaeological_Museum_1270.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seljuk <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Eti_Archaeology_Museum" title="Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum">Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 0.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Seljuk_sultans_family_tree" title="Template:Great Seljuk sultans family tree"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Seljuk_sultans_family_tree" title="Template talk:Great Seljuk sultans family tree"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Seljuk_sultans_family_tree" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Seljuk sultans family tree"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Great Seljuk sultans family tree</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <div class="center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tuqaq" title="Tuqaq">Tuqaq Temur<br />Yalig Beg</a></b><br />(<i>b</i>. ? – <i>d</i>. ?)<br /><i>Commander-in-chief <br /> of <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Yabgu_State" title="Oghuz Yabgu State">The Oghuz army</a></i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;"><b><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_(warlord)" title="Seljuk (warlord)">Seljuk Beg</a></b><br />(<i>b</i>. ? – <i>d</i>. ?)<br /><i>The founder of <br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seljuk dynasty</a></i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Seashell;"><a href="/wiki/Qawam_al-Dawla" title="Qawam al-Dawla">Qawam al-Dawla</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kavurd_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kavurd-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1012–1028)<br /><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid</a> <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty#Buyid_rulers" title="Buyid dynasty">Governor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;"><b><a href="/wiki/Arslan_Yabgu" class="mw-redirect" title="Arslan Yabgu">Arslan Yabgu</a></b><br />(<i>b</i>. ? – <i>d</i>. 1032)<br /><i>Chief of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seljuk dynasty</a></i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;"><a href="/wiki/Mikail_(son_of_Seljuk)" title="Mikail (son of Seljuk)">Mikail ibn Seljuk</a><br />(<i>b</i>. ? -<i>d</i>. ?)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aqua;">The mother of<br /><a href="/wiki/Toghrul_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Toghrul I">Toghrul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaghri_Beg" title="Chaghri Beg">Chaghri</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Inal" title="Ibrahim Inal">Ibrahim</a> and Artash</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;">Yûsuf Inal<sup id="cite_ref-Zahîrüddîn_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zahîrüddîn-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reşîdüddin_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reşîdüddin-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;">Yûnus<sup id="cite_ref-Râvendî_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Râvendî-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Müstevfî_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Müstevfî-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:PaleTurquoise;"><b><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Yabgu" class="extiw" title="tr:Musa Yabgu">Mûsâ Yabgu</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-İnanç2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-İnanç2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>(İnanç Yabgu)</i> Governor of <a href="/wiki/Tokharistan" title="Tokharistan">Tokharistan</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Seashell;"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kalijar" title="Abu Kalijar">Abu Kalijar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kavurd_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kavurd-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1028–1048)<br /><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid</a> <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty#Buyid_rulers" title="Buyid dynasty">Amir</a> in Kirman</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aquamarine;">Kurlu Bey<sup id="cite_ref-Uvak_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uvak-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1069–1071)<br />Leader of the Seljuk<br />vassal state in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PaleTurquoise;"><b><a href="/wiki/Qutalmish" title="Qutalmish">Qutalmish</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kutalmış_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutalmış-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuks_family_tree" title="Anatolian Seljuks family tree">Father</a> of <a href="/wiki/Suleyman_I_of_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleyman I of Rum"> the founder</a> of<br /><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate">Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate</a></i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Turquoise;border:5px solid DarkGreen;"><b>1.<a href="/wiki/Toghrul_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Toghrul I">Toghrul I</a></b><br />(<i>r</i>. 1037–1063)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Rulers_of_the_Seljuk_Dynasty">First sultan</a> of<br />The <a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuk Empire">Great Seljuk Empire</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Cyan;"><b><a href="/wiki/Chaghri_Beg" title="Chaghri Beg">Chaghri Beg</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1040–1060)<br /><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Governor of Khorasan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aqua;"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Inal" title="Ibrahim Inal">Ibrahim Inal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kutalmış_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutalmış-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aqua;">Artash Inal<sup id="cite_ref-İnanç2_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-İnanç2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>(Artāsh)</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PaleTurquoise;"><b>Abu Ali<br />Hasan Yabgu</b><sup id="cite_ref-İnanç2_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-İnanç2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kutalmış_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutalmış-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PaleTurquoise;">Yûsuf, Kara Arslan,<br />Abu Bakr, Umar,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Bori and Dawlatshah</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>1.<a href="/wiki/Kavurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavurt">Qawurd-Beg</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kavurd_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kavurd-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_rulers_of_Kerman">Seljuk</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Seljuk_rulers_of_Kerman_(1041%E2%80%931187)" title="List of Seljuk rulers of Kerman (1041–1187)">Shah</a> of Kirman<br />(<i>r</i>. 1048–1073)<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Kerman_Seljuk_Sultanate_Family_Tree" title="Template:Kerman Seljuk Sultanate Family Tree">Kerman</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerman_Seljuk_Sultanate" title="Kerman Seljuk Sultanate">Seljuk Sultanate</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aquamarine;"><a href="/wiki/Atsiz_ibn_Uvaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Atsiz ibn Uvaq">Atsiz ibn Uvaq</a><sup id="cite_ref-Uvak_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uvak-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1076–1079)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Damascus#Seljuk_emirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Damascus">Amir</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Damascus">Dimashq</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#AAF0D1;"><a href="/wiki/Aq_Sunqur_al-Hajib" title="Aq Sunqur al-Hajib">Aksungur</a><sup id="cite_ref-Aksungur_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aksungur-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1086–1094)<br /><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_rulers_in_Syria">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo#History" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Cyan;border:2px solid DarkGreen;"><b>2.Suleiman</b><sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1063)<sup id="cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selçuklular-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Turquoise;border:5px solid DarkGreen;"><b>3.<a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a></b><br />(<i>r</i>. 1063–1072)<br /><b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Alp Sungur Yâkūtî<sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Prince</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Greater_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Azerbaijan">Governor of Azerbaijan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Arslan Argun and Ilyas<sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Other princes</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Khadija Arslan<sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Princess</i><br /><small>married <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> <br />caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Abbasid_caliph_at_Baghdad)" title="Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Baghdad)">Al-Qa'im</a>.</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Safiyya Khatun<sup id="cite_ref-Çağrı_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Princess</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>2.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirman_%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Kirman şah">Kerman Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1073–1074)<br /><b>3.Hussain Omar Shah</b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1074)</td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:MediumSpringGreen;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tutush" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutush">Tutush</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Tutush_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tutush-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1079–1095)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Aleppo#Seljuk_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Aleppo">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a> and <br />(<i>r</i>. 1094–1095) of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo#History" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#B2FFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Terken_Khatun_(wife_of_Malik-Shah_I)" title="Terken Khatun (wife of Malik-Shah I)">Turkan Khatun</a><sup id="cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerkenHatun-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small><i>The daughter of <a href="/wiki/Tamghach_Khan_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamghach Khan Ibrahim">Tamghach Khan<br />Ibrahim</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid</a> <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khanid dynasty">dynasty</a><br />and de facto ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I_of_Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud I of Great Seljuk">Mahmud I</a></i></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Turquoise;border:5px solid DarkGreen;"><b>4.<a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_I" title="Malik-Shah I">Malik-Shah I</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1072–1092)<br /><b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Arslan-Shah<br />(<i>r</i>. 1066–1083)<br /><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Governor of Khorasan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Doğan-Shah<br />(<i>r</i>. 1083–1092)<br /><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Governor of Khorasan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Arslan-Argun<sup id="cite_ref-ArslanArgun_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArslanArgun-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1092–1097)<br /><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Governor of Khorasan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Tuğrul and Böri-Bars<br /><i>Other princes</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Aisha<br /><i>Princess</i><br /><small>married <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid</a> khan<br />Nasr Shams al-Mulk.</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>4.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Sultanşah">Sultan Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1074–1085)<br /><b>5.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Turan%C5%9Fah_(Kirman)" class="extiw" title="az:I Turanşah (Kirman)">Turan I Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1085–1097)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PowderBlue;">Dawud and Ahmad<sup id="cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerkenHatun-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Other princes</i></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PowderBlue;border:2px solid DarkGreen;"><b>5.<a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I_of_Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud I of Great Seljuk">Mahmud I</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerkenHatun-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berkyaruk_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkyaruk-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1092–1094)<br /><b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Turquoise;border:4px solid DarkGreen;"><b>6.<a href="/wiki/Barkiyaruq" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkiyaruq">Bark-Yaruq</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Berkyaruk_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkyaruk-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1092–1104)<sup id="cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selçuklular-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Turquoise;border:4px solid DarkGreen;"><b>8.<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Tapar" title="Muhammad I Tapar">Muhammad I Tapar</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Tapar_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tapar-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1105–1118)<br /><b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:DodgerBlue;border:6px solid DarkGreen;"><b>9.<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sencer_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sencer-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1118–1153)<br /><b>Last sultan of<br />The <a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Seljuk">Great Seljuk</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Tuğrul and Amîr Humâr<sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Other princes</i></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;"><a href="/wiki/Gawhar_Khatun" title="Gawhar Khatun">Gawhar Khatun</a><sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Princess</i><br /><small>married <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a> <br />sultan Mas'ud III.</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background:LightCyan;">Sayyeda<sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Princess</i><br /><small>married <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> <br />caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustazhir" title="Al-Mustazhir">Al-Mustazhir</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>6.<a href="/wiki/Iranshah_ibn_Turanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranshah ibn Turanshah">Iranshah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1097–1101)<br /><b>7.<a href="/wiki/Arslan_Shah_I" title="Arslan Shah I">Arslan I Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1101–1142)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aquamarine;"><b><a href="/wiki/Duqaq_(Seljuk_ruler_of_Damascus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duqaq (Seljuk ruler of Damascus)">Duqaq</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1095–1104)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Damascus#Seljuk_emirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Damascus">Amir</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Damascus">Dimashq</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PowderBlue;">Mah-i Malak<sup id="cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TerkenHatun-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melikşah_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Princess</i><br /><small>married <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> <br />caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadi" title="Al-Muqtadi">Al-Muqtadi</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Turquoise;border:3px solid DarkGreen;"><b>7.<a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_II" title="Malik-Shah II">Malik-Shah II</a><sup id="cite_ref-Berkyaruk_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berkyaruk-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b><br />(<i>r</i>. 1104-1105)<sup id="cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selçuklular-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Sultan of Great Seljuk</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>1.<a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II_of_Great_Seljuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud II of Great Seljuk">Mahmud II</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MahmudBinTapar_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MahmudBinTapar-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1118–1131)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">First sultan</a> of<br />The <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>3.<a href="/wiki/Tughril_II" title="Tughril II">Toghrul II</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TuğrulBinTapar_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TuğrulBinTapar-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1132–1134)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:PeachPuff;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27mine_Khatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'mine Khatun">Mu'mine Khatun</a><br /><small>wife of <a href="/wiki/Tughril_II" title="Tughril II">Toghrul II</a> <br /><i>until 1134</i><br />wife of İldeniz <i>from 1136</i></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:LightYellow;"><a href="/wiki/Ildeniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ildeniz">Ildeniz</a><br />(<i>r</i>. 1160–1175)<br /><small><i>de facto ruler</i></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> of <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arslan_%C5%9Fah_(%C4%B0raq)" class="extiw" title="az:Arslan şah (İraq)">Arslan-Shah</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>4.<a href="/wiki/Masud_of_Great_Seljuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Masud of Great Seljuq">Masud</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MesudBinTapar_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MesudBinTapar-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1134–1152)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>8.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Məhəmmədşah">Malīk Muhammad I Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1142–1156)<br /><b>9.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Toğrul şah">Toghrul Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1156–1170)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Aquamarine;"><b>Tutush II</b> & <b><a href="/wiki/Irtash" title="Irtash">Artash</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<a href="/wiki/Irtash" title="Irtash">Baktāsh</a>) (<i>r</i>. 1104)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Damascus#Seljuk_emirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Damascus">Amir</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Damascus">Dimashq</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>2.Dawud</b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1131–1132)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>5.<a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_III" title="Malik-Shah III">Malik-Shah III</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1152–1153)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>6.<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Great_Seljuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad II of Great Seljuq">Muhammad II</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1153–1159)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background:AliceBlue;"><b>7.<a href="/wiki/Suleiman-Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman-Shah">Suleiman-Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1159–1160)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Linen;"><b>8.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arslan_%C5%9Fah_(%C4%B0raq)" class="extiw" title="az:Arslan şah (İraq)">Arslan-Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ArslanşahBinTuğrul_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArslanşahBinTuğrul-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1160–1177)<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Sultan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Moccasin;"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jahan_Pahlavan" title="Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan">Nusrat al-Din Muhammad</a><br />(<i>r</i>. 1175–1186)<br /><small><i>de facto ruler of <a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a></i></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> of <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arslan_%C5%9Fah_(%C4%B0raq)" class="extiw" title="az:Arslan şah (İraq)">Arslan-Shah</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Moccasin;"><a href="/wiki/Qizil_Arslan" title="Qizil Arslan">Qizil Arslan</a><br />(<i>r</i>. 1186-1191)<br /><small><i>de facto ruler of <a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a></i></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>10.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hram%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Bəhramşah">Bahrām</a></b>, <b>11.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Arslan%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:II Arslanşah">Arslan II<br />Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<i>r</i>. 1170 - 1171)<br /><b>12.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hram%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Bəhramşah">Bahrām Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1171 - 1172)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>13.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hram%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Bəhramşah">Bahrām</a></b> & <b><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Arslan%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:II Arslanşah">Arslan II<br />Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<i>r</i>. 1172–1175)<br /><b>14.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hram%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:Bəhramşah">Bahrām Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1175)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>15.<a href="/wiki/Muhammad-Shah_ibn_Bahram-Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad-Shah ibn Bahram-Shah">Muhammad II Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1175)<br /><b>16.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Arslan%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:II Arslanşah">Arslan II Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1175 - 1177)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#E9FFDB;"><b>17.<a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Turan%C5%9Fah" class="extiw" title="az:II Turanşah">Turan II Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1177–1183) <br /><b>18.<a href="/wiki/Muhammad-Shah_ibn_Bahram-Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad-Shah ibn Bahram-Shah">Muhammad II Shah</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1183–1187)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#AAF0D1;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_Radwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan">Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1095–1113)<br /><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_rulers_in_Syria">Malik</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Aleppo">Aleppo</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#AAF0D1;"><b><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan_al-Akhras" title="Alp Arslan al-Akhras">Alp Arslan</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1113–1114)<br /><b>Sultan Shah</b><sup id="cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<i>r</i>. 1114–1117)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:3px solid DarkGreen;px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Linen;"><b>9.<a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TuğrulBinArslanşah_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TuğrulBinArslanşah-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><small><br />(<i>r</i>. 1177–1191, 1192–1194)</small><br /><b><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Seljuk_sultans_of_Hamadan">Last sultan</a> of<br />The <a href="/wiki/Persian_Iraq" title="Persian Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Moccasin;"><a href="/wiki/Nusrat_al-Din_Abu_Bakr" title="Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr">Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr</a><br />(<i>r</i>. 1191–1210)<br /><small><i>de facto ruler</i></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:Moccasin;"><a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_al-Din_Uzbek" title="Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek">Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek</a><br />(<i>r</i>. 1210–1225)<br /><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>Notes:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khatun_(daughter_of_Ahmad_Sanjar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatun (daughter of Ahmad Sanjar)">Khatun</a> Seljuk princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Sultanate of Rum">Seljuk Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_(warlord)" title="Seljuk (warlord)">Seljuk (warlord)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeiberg2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Neiberg" title="Michael S. Neiberg">Neiberg, Michael S.</a> (2002). <i>Warfare in World History</i>. Routledge. pp. 19–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58342-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58342-3"><bdi>978-1-134-58342-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+World+History&rft.pages=19-20&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58342-3&rft.aulast=Neiberg&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2014" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Jonathan (2014). <i>Byzantium and the Crusades</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 39–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-736-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-736-6"><bdi>978-1-78093-736-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Crusades&rft.pages=39-45&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78093-736-6&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRāvandī1385" class="citation book cs1">Rāvandī, Muḥammad (1385). <i>Rāḥat al-ṣudūr va āyat al-surūr dar tārīkh-i āl-i saljūq</i>. Tihrān: Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-964-331-366-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-964-331-366-1"><bdi>978-964-331-366-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R%C4%81%E1%B8%A5at+al-%E1%B9%A3ud%C5%ABr+va+%C4%81yat+al-sur%C5%ABr+dar+t%C4%81r%C4%ABkh-i+%C4%81l-i+salj%C5%ABq&rft.place=Tihr%C4%81n&rft.pub=Intish%C4%81r%C4%81t-i+As%C4%81%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABr&rft.date=1385&rft.isbn=978-964-331-366-1&rft.aulast=R%C4%81vand%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTetley2009" class="citation book cs1">Tetley, G.E (2009). Hillenbrand, Carole (ed.). <i>The Ghaznavid and Seljuk Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History</i>. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 1–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-43119-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-43119-4"><bdi>978-0-415-43119-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ghaznavid+and+Seljuk+Turks%3A+Poetry+as+a+Source+for+Iranian+History&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=1-16&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-43119-4&rft.aulast=Tetley&rft.aufirst=G.E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manzikert-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manzikert_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleet2009" class="citation book cs1">Fleet, Kate (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.cambridge.org/97805216/20932/excerpt/9780521620932_excerpt.pdf"><i>The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Turkey%3A+Byzantium+to+Turkey%2C+1071%E2%80%931453%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Fleet&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.cambridge.org%2F97805216%2F20932%2Fexcerpt%2F9780521620932_excerpt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span> "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-ii2-islamic-period-page-3">"The Saljuqids"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.atitle=The+Saljuqids&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Firan-ii2-islamic-period-page-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, Rene, <i>The Empire of the Steppes</i>, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161, 164; "renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran…", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din Nishapuri (2001), "The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Saljuq-nama" title="Saljuq-nama">Saljuq-nama</a> of Zahir al-Din Nishapuri," Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther, p. 9: "[T]he Turks were illiterate and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the Empire")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Concise Britannica Online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9378199/Seljuq-dynasty">Seljuq Dynasty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070114233201/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9378199/Seljuq-dynasty">Archived</a> 2007-01-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> article</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The History of the Seljuq Turks: From the Jami Al-Tawarikh (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jmMpaJZemk0C&pg=PA3">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226064408/https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0700713425&id=jmMpaJZemk0C&pg=PA3">Archived</a> 2022-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Stanford. <i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UVmsI0P9RDUC&pg=PA7">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226064408/https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521291631&id=UVmsI0P9RDUC&pg=PA7">Archived</a> 2022-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 209</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wink, Andre, <i>Al Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World</i> Brill Academic Publishers, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09249-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09249-5">978-90-04-09249-5</a> p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Islam: An Illustrated History</i>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adas-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adas_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adas_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Adas, <i>Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History</i>, (Temple University Press, 2001), 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth, C.E. <i>The Ghaznavids: 994–1040</i>, Edinburgh University Press, 1963, 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tony Jaques, <i>Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O</i>, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), 476.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iranica-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iranica_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iranica_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></i>, Online Edition, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_pers_mss_ott_20050106.html">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122005207/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_pers_mss_ott_20050106.html">Archived</a> 2012-01-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066688">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219231803/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066688">Archived</a> 2007-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ravandi-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ravandi_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ravandi_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Ravandi, "The Seljuq court at Konya and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities", in <i>Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies)</i>, vol. 25–26 (2005), pp. 157–169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a>, Online Edition, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_shahrbanu_20050131.html">LINK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311062248/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_shahrbanu_20050131.html">Archived</a> 2007-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>): "... here one might bear in mind that Turco-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Seljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Daftary, "Sectarian and National Movements in Iran, Khorasan, and Trasoxania during Umayyad and Early Abbasid Times", in <i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i>, Vol 4, pt. 1; edited by M.S. Asimov and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth</a>; <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Ismaili_Studies" title="Institute of Ismaili Studies">Institute of Ismaili Studies</a>: "... Not only did the inhabitants of Khurasan not succumb to the language of the nomadic invaders, but they imposed their own tongue on them. The region could even assimilate the Turkic Ghaznavids and Seljuks (eleventh and twelfth centuries), the Timurids (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries), and the Qajars (nineteenth–twentieth centuries) ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., "Saldjukids," <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009: "Culturally, the consisting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehsan Yarshater, "Iran" in <i>Encyclopedia Iranica</i>: "The ascent of the Saljuqids also put an end to a period which Minorsky has called "the Persian intermezzo" (see Minorsky, 1932, p. 21), when Iranian dynasties, consisting mainly of the Saffarids, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids, the Kakuyids, and the Bavandids of Tabarestan and Gilan, ruled most of Iran. By all accounts, weary of the miseries and devastations of never-ending conflicts and wars, Persians seemed to have sighed with relief and to have welcomed the stability of the Saljuqid rule, all the more so since the Saljuqids mitigated the effect of their foreignness, quickly adopting the Persian culture and court customs and procedures and leaving the civil administration in the hand of Persian personnel, headed by such capable and learned viziers as ‘Amid-al-Molk Kondori and Nezam-al-Molk."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth</a>, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in <i>UNESCO History of Humanity</i>, Volume IV: From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, 2000. p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the thirteenth century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose <i>Mathnawī</i>, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Pipes: "The Event of Our Era: Former Soviet Muslim Republics Change the Middle East" in Michael Mandelbaum, "Central Asia and the World: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkemenistan and the World", Council on Foreign Relations, p. 79. Exact statement: "In Short, the Turko-Persian tradition featured Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Çağrı-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Çağrı_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevim,_Ali1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sevim, Ali (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/8/C08003025.pdf">"ÇAĞRI BEY"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 8 (Ci̇lve – Dârünnedve)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 183–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-435-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-435-7"><bdi>978-975-389-435-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%87A%C4%9ERI+BEY&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+8+%28Ci%CC%87lve+%E2%80%93+D%C3%A2r%C3%BCnnedve%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=183-186&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-975-389-435-7&rft.au=Sevim%2C+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F8%2FC08003025.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selçuklular-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selçuklular_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/36/C36015912.pdf">"SELÇUKLULAR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 365–371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8"><bdi>978-975-389-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SEL%C3%87UKLULAR&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+36+%28Sakal+%E2%80%93+Sevm%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=365-371&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-975-389-566-8&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F36%2FC36015912.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2005" class="citation book cs1">Black, Jeremy (2005). <i>The Atlas of World History</i>. American Edition, New York: Covent Garden Books. pp. 65, 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-1861-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-1861-2"><bdi>978-0-7566-1861-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlas+of+World+History&rft.place=American+Edition%2C+New+York&rft.pages=65%2C+228&rft.pub=Covent+Garden+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-1861-2&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span> This map varies from other maps which are slightly different in scope, especially along the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kavurd-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kavurd_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kavurd_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kavurd_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/25/C25008111.pdf">"KAVURD BEY"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 25 (Kasti̇lya – Ki̇le)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 73–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-403-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-403-6"><bdi>978-975-389-403-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=KAVURD+BEY&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+25+%28Kasti%CC%87lya+%E2%80%93+Ki%CC%87le%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=73-74&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-975-389-403-6&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F25%2FC25008111.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zahîrüddîn-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zahîrüddîn_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zahîrüddîn-i Nîsâbûrî, <i><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel%C3%A7ukn%C3%A2me" class="extiw" title="tr:Selçuknâme">Selcûḳnâme</a>,</i> (Muhammed Ramazânî Publications), <a href="/wiki/Tahran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahran">Tahran</a> 1332, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reşîdüddin-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reşîdüddin_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid-al-Din Hamadani">Reşîdüddin Fazlullāh-ı Hemedânî</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81mi%CA%BF_al-Taw%C4%81r%C4%ABkh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh">Câmiʿu’t-tevârîḫ</a>,</i> (Ahmed Ateş Publications), <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> 1960, vol. II/5, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Râvendî-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Râvendî_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Râvendî, Muhammed b. Ali, <i>Râhatü’s-sudûr,</i> (Ateş Publications), vol. I, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Müstevfî-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Müstevfî_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Müstevfî, <i>Târîḫ-i Güzîde,</i> (Nevâî Publications), p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-İnanç2-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-İnanç2_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-İnanç2_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-İnanç2_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsman_Gazi_Özgüdenli2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Osman Gazi Özgüdenli (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/musa-yabgu">"MÛSÂ YABGU"</a>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Supplement 2 (Kâfûr, Ebü'l-Misk – Züreyk, Kostantin)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 324–325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-889-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-889-8"><bdi>978-975-389-889-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C3%9BS%C3%82+YABGU&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Supplement+2+%28K%C3%A2f%C3%BBr%2C+Eb%C3%BC%27l-Misk+%E2%80%93+Z%C3%BCreyk%2C+Kostantin%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=324-325&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-975-389-889-8&rft.au=Osman+Gazi+%C3%96zg%C3%BCdenli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fmusa-yabgu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uvak-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Uvak_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Uvak_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSevim,_Ali1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sevim, Ali (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/4/C04001449.pdf">"ATSIZ b. UVAK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 4 (Âşik Ömer – Bâlâ Külli̇yesi̇)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 92-93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-431-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-431-9"><bdi>978-975-389-431-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ATSIZ+b.+UVAK&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+4+%28%C3%82%C5%9Fik+%C3%96mer+%E2%80%93+B%C3%A2l%C3%A2+K%C3%BClli%CC%87yesi%CC%87%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=92-93&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-975-389-431-9&rft.au=Sevim%2C+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F4%2FC04001449.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kutalmış-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kutalmış_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutalmış_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kutalmış_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/26/C26008628.pdf">"KUTALMIŞ"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 26 (Ki̇li̇ – Kütahya)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 480–481. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-406-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-406-7"><bdi>978-975-389-406-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=KUTALMI%C5%9E&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+26+%28Ki%CC%87li%CC%87+%E2%80%93+K%C3%BCtahya%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=480-481&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-975-389-406-7&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F26%2FC26008628.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beyhakī, <i>Târîḫ,</i> (Behmenyâr), p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aksungur-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aksungur_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlptekin,_Coşkun1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alptekin, Coşkun (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/2/C02000822.pdf">"AKSUNGUR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 2 (Ahlâk – Amari̇)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-429-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-429-6"><bdi>978-975-389-429-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AKSUNGUR&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+2+%28Ahl%C3%A2k+%E2%80%93+Amari%CC%87%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-975-389-429-6&rft.au=Alptekin%2C+Co%C5%9Fkun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F2%2FC02000822.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirmanşah-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirmanşah_40-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/36/C36015915.pdf">"KİRMAN SELÇUKLULARI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 377-379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8"><bdi>978-975-389-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=K%C4%B0RMAN+SEL%C3%87UKLULARI&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+36+%28Sakal+%E2%80%93+Sevm%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=377-379&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-975-389-566-8&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F36%2FC36015915.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tutush-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tutush_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/41/C41013483.pdf">"TUTUŞ"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 446–449. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-713-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-713-6"><bdi>978-975-389-713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=TUTU%C5%9E&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+41+%28Tevekk%C3%BCl+%E2%80%93+T%C3%BCster%C3%AE%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=446-449&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-975-389-713-6&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F41%2FC41013483.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SyrianSelçuk-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SyrianSelçuk_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/36/C36015919.pdf">"SELÇUKS of Syria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 385–386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8"><bdi>978-975-389-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SEL%C3%87UKS+of+Syria&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+36+%28Sakal+%E2%80%93+Sevm%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=385-386&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-975-389-566-8&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F36%2FC36015919.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TerkenHatun-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TerkenHatun_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBezer,_Gülay_Öğün2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bezer, Gülay Öğün (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/40/C40013256.pdf">"TERKEN HATUN, the mother of MAHMÛD I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 40 (Tanzi̇mat – Teveccüh)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 510. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-652-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-652-8"><bdi>978-975-389-652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=TERKEN+HATUN%2C+the+mother+of+MAHM%C3%9BD+I&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+40+%28Tanzi%CC%87mat+%E2%80%93+Tevecc%C3%BCh%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=510&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-975-389-652-8&rft.au=Bezer%2C+G%C3%BClay+%C3%96%C4%9F%C3%BCn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F40%2FC40013256.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melikşah-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melikşah_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/29/C29009379.pdf">"MELİKŞAH"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 29 (Mekteb – Misir Mevlevîhânesi̇)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 54–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-415-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-415-9"><bdi>978-975-389-415-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MEL%C4%B0K%C5%9EAH&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+29+%28Mekteb+%E2%80%93+Misir+Mevlev%C3%AEh%C3%A2nesi%CC%87%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=54-57&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-975-389-415-9&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F29%2FC29009379.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArslanArgun-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArslanArgun_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/3/C03001259.pdf">"ARSLAN ARGUN"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 3 (Amasya – Âşik Mûsi̇ki̇si̇)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 399-400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-430-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-430-2"><bdi>978-975-389-430-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ARSLAN+ARGUN&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+3+%28Amasya+%E2%80%93+%C3%82%C5%9Fik+M%C3%BBsi%CC%87ki%CC%87si%CC%87%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=399-400&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-975-389-430-2&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F3%2FC03001259.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berkyaruk-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berkyaruk_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkyaruk_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berkyaruk_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim1992" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/5/C05002147.pdf">"BERKYARUK"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 5 (Balaban – Beşi̇r Ağa)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 514–516. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-432-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-432-6"><bdi>978-975-389-432-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=BERKYARUK&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+5+%28Balaban+%E2%80%93+Be%C5%9Fi%CC%87r+A%C4%9Fa%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=514-516&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-975-389-432-6&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F5%2FC05002147.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tapar-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tapar_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/30/C30009978.pdf">"MUHAMMED TAPAR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 30 (Misra – Muhammedi̇yye)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 579–581. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-402-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-402-9"><bdi>978-975-389-402-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MUHAMMED+TAPAR&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+30+%28Misra+%E2%80%93+Muhammedi%CC%87yye%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=579-581&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-975-389-402-9&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F30%2FC30009978.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sencer-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sencer_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/36/C36012034.pdf">"AHMED SENCER"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 507–511. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8"><bdi>978-975-389-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AHMED+SENCER&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+36+%28Sakal+%E2%80%93+Sevm%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=507-511&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-975-389-566-8&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F36%2FC36012034.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IrakSelçuks-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IrakSelçuks_49-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/36/C36015921.pdf">"Irak Selçuklulari"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 387. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-566-8"><bdi>978-975-389-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Irak+Sel%C3%A7uklulari&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+36+%28Sakal+%E2%80%93+Sevm%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=387&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-975-389-566-8&rft.aulast=S%C3%BCmer&rft.aufirst=Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F36%2FC36015921.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MahmudBinTapar-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MahmudBinTapar_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaydın,_Abdülkerim2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/27/C27008916.pdf">"MAHMÛD b. MUHAMMED TAPAR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 27 (Kütahya Mevlevîhânesi̇ – Mani̇sa)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 371–372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-408-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-408-1"><bdi>978-975-389-408-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MAHM%C3%9BD+b.+MUHAMMED+TAPAR&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+27+%28K%C3%BCtahya+Mevlev%C3%AEh%C3%A2nesi%CC%87+%E2%80%93+Mani%CC%87sa%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=371-372&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-975-389-408-1&rft.au=%C3%96zayd%C4%B1n%2C+Abd%C3%BClkerim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F27%2FC27008916.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TuğrulBinTapar-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TuğrulBinTapar_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/41/C41013431.pdf">"TUĞRUL I"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 341–342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-713-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-713-6"><bdi>978-975-389-713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=TU%C4%9ERUL+I&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+41+%28Tevekk%C3%BCl+%E2%80%93+T%C3%BCster%C3%AE%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=341-342&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-975-389-713-6&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F41%2FC41013431.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MesudBinTapar-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MesudBinTapar_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/29/C29009546.pdf">"MES'ÛD b. MUHAMMED TAPAR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 29 (Mekteb – Misir Mevlevîhânesi̇)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 349–351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-415-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-415-9"><bdi>978-975-389-415-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MES%E2%80%98%C3%9BD+b.+MUHAMMED+TAPAR&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+29+%28Mekteb+%E2%80%93+Misir+Mevlev%C3%AEh%C3%A2nesi%CC%87%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=349-351&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-975-389-415-9&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F29%2FC29009546.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArslanşahBinTuğrul-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArslanşahBinTuğrul_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/3/C03001268.pdf">"ARSLANŞAH b. TUĞRUL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 3 (Amasya – Âşik Mûsi̇ki̇si̇)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 404–406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-430-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-430-2"><bdi>978-975-389-430-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ARSLAN%C5%9EAH+b.+TU%C4%9ERUL&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+3+%28Amasya+%E2%80%93+%C3%82%C5%9Fik+M%C3%BBsi%CC%87ki%CC%87si%CC%87%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=404-406&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-975-389-430-2&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F3%2FC03001268.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TuğrulBinArslanşah-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TuğrulBinArslanşah_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSümer,_Faruk2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sümer, Faruk (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/41/C41013432.pdf">"Ebû Tâlib TUĞRUL b. ARSLANŞAH b. TUĞRUL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 342–344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-713-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-713-6"><bdi>978-975-389-713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eb%C3%BB+T%C3%A2lib+TU%C4%9ERUL+b.+ARSLAN%C5%9EAH+b.+TU%C4%9ERUL&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+41+%28Tevekk%C3%BCl+%E2%80%93+T%C3%BCster%C3%AE%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=342-344&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-975-389-713-6&rft.au=S%C3%BCmer%2C+Faruk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fdosya%2F41%2FC41013432.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2018" class="citation journal cs1">Dietrich, Richard (2018). "The Names of Seljuk's Sons as Evidence for the Pre-Islamic Religion of the Seljuks". <i>Turkish Historical Review</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 54–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18775462-00901002">10.1163/18775462-00901002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turkish+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Names+of+Seljuk%27s+Sons+as+Evidence+for+the+Pre-Islamic+Religion+of+the+Seljuks&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-70&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18775462-00901002&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1988" class="citation book cs1">Grousset, Rene (1988). <i>The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia</i>. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-0627-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-0627-2"><bdi>978-0-8135-0627-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes%3A+a+History+of+Central+Asia&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-0627-2&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Peacock, A.C.S. (2010). <i>Early Seljuq History: A New Interpretation</i>. New York: Routledge. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevité-Orton1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Previt%C3%A9-Orton" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles William Previté-Orton">Previté-Orton, C. W.</a> (1971). <i>The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shorter+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Previt%C3%A9-Orton&rft.aufirst=C.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeljuk+dynasty" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Seljuk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seljuk_dynasty" title="Template:Seljuk dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seljuk_dynasty" title="Template talk:Seljuk dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seljuk_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seljuk dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Seljuk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House of Seljuk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Seljukids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuqaq" title="Tuqaq">Tuqaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_(warlord)" title="Seljuk (warlord)">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikail_(son_of_Seljuk)" title="Mikail (son of Seljuk)">Mikail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan_Isra%27il" title="Arslan Isra'il">Arslan Isra'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Yabghu" title="Musa Yabghu">Musa Yabghu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> (1037–1194)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tughril_I" title="Tughril I">Tughril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_I" title="Malik-Shah I">Malik-Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_I_(Seljuk_sultan)" title="Mahmud I (Seljuk sultan)">Mahmud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkyaruq" title="Berkyaruq">Berkyaruq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_II" title="Malik-Shah II">Malik-Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Tapar" title="Muhammad I Tapar">Muhammad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II_(Seljuk_sultan)" title="Mahmud II (Seljuk sultan)">Mahmud II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_(Seljuk_sultan)" title="Dawud (Seljuk sultan)">Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughril_II" title="Tughril II">Tughril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_ad-Din_Mas%27ud" title="Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud">Masud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik-Shah_III" title="Malik-Shah III">Malik-Shah III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_ibn_Mahmud" title="Muhammad II ibn Mahmud">Muhammad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman-Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman-Shah">Suleiman-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan-Shah_(Seljuk_sultan)" title="Arslan-Shah (Seljuk sultan)">Arslan-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a> (1040–1118)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaghri_Beg" title="Chaghri Beg">Chaghri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arslan-Shah_(son_of_Alp_Arslan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arslan-Shah (son of Alp Arslan) (page does not exist)">Arslan-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toghan-Shah_(son_of_Alp_Arslan)" title="Toghan-Shah (son of Alp Arslan)">Toghan-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arslan-Argun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arslan-Argun (page does not exist)">Arslan-Argun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of <a href="/wiki/Kerman_Seljuk_Sultanate" title="Kerman Seljuk Sultanate">Kerman</a> (1048–1188)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qavurt" title="Qavurt">Qawurd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerman-Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerman-Shah (page does not exist)">Kerman-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husein_(son_of_Kerman-Shah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Husein (son of Kerman-Shah) (page does not exist)">Husein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan-Shah_(Kerman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan-Shah (Kerman) (page does not exist)">Sultan-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan-Shah_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan-Shah I (page does not exist)">Turan-Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranshah_(son_of_Turanshah)" title="Iranshah (son of Turanshah)">Iran-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan_Shah_I" title="Arslan Shah I">Arslan-Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad-Shah_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad-Shah I (page does not exist)">Muhammad-Shah I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghrul-Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghrul-Shah (page does not exist)">Toghrul-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram-Shah_(Kerman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahram-Shah (Kerman) (page does not exist)">Bahram-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arslan-Shah_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arslan-Shah II (page does not exist)">Arslan-Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turan-Shah_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turan-Shah II (page does not exist)">Turan-Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad-Shah_II" title="Muhammad-Shah II">Muhammad-Shah II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Damascus#Seljuk_emirs" title="List of rulers of Damascus">Governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> (1076–1105)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atsiz_ibn_Uwaq" title="Atsiz ibn Uwaq">Atsiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutush_I" title="Tutush I">Tutush I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Muluk_Duqaq" title="Shams al-Muluk Duqaq">Duqaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutush_II" title="Tutush II">Tutush II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtash" title="Irtash">Irtash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Aleppo#Seljuk_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Aleppo">Governors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> (1086–1117)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Sunqur_al-Hajib" title="Aq Sunqur al-Hajib">Aq Sunqur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutush_I" title="Tutush I">Tutush I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Mulk_Ridwan" title="Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan">Ridwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan_al-Akhras" title="Alp Arslan al-Akhras">Alp Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Shah_ibn_Radwan" title="Sultan Shah ibn Radwan">Sultan-Shah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultans of Rum</a> (1092–1307)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutalmish" title="Qutalmish">Qutalmish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ibn_Qutalmish" title="Suleiman ibn Qutalmish">Suleiman I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Shah_(R%C3%BBm)" title="Malik Shah (Rûm)">Malik-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_I" title="Mesud I">Mesud I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_II" title="Kilij Arslan II">Kilij Arslan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_I" title="Kaykhusraw I">Kaykhusraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_II_(R%C3%BBm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suleiman II (Rûm)">Suleiman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_III" title="Kilij Arslan III">Kilij Arslan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykaus_I" title="Kaykaus I">Kaykaus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">Kayqubad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_II" title="Kaykhusraw II">Kaykhusraw II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykaus_II" title="Kaykaus II">Kaykaus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_IV" title="Kilij Arslan IV">Kilij Arslan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_II" title="Kayqubad II">Kayqubad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_III" title="Kaykhusraw III">Kaykhusraw III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesud_II" title="Mesud II">Mesud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_III" title="Kayqubad III">Kayqubad III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iran_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iran_topics" title="Template:Iran topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iran_topics" title="Template talk:Iran topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iran_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iran topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iran_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iran" title="History of Iran">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Prehistory"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Iran" title="Prehistory of Iran">Prehistory</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">3400–539 BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura-Araxes <span class="nowrap">culture (3400–2000 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Elamite">Proto-Elamite <span class="nowrap">civilization (3100–2700 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elamite <span class="nowrap">dynasties (2700–540 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian <span class="nowrap">Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullubi" title="Lullubi">Lullubi <span class="nowrap">(c.2300–675 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassites <span class="nowrap">(c.1595–c.1155 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannaeans">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Mannai (10th–7th century BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian <span class="nowrap">Empire (911–609 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu <span class="nowrap">(860 BC–590 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_kingdom" title="Median kingdom">Median <span class="nowrap">Empire (678–549 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian <span class="nowrap">Kingdom (652–625 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian <span class="nowrap">Empire (626–539 BC)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">550 BC–AD 224</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid <span class="nowrap">Empire (550–330 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene <span class="nowrap">(c.323 BC–AD 226)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid <span class="nowrap">Empire (312–63 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frataraka" title="Frataraka">Frataraka <span class="nowrap">(c.295–220 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Kingdom of <span class="nowrap">Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian <span class="nowrap">Empire (247 BC–AD 224)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Persis" title="Kings of Persis">Kings of <span class="nowrap">Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">AD 224–651</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian <span class="nowrap">Empire (AD 224–651)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and<br />early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">632–1090</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun <span class="nowrap">Caliphate (632–661)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad <span class="nowrap">Caliphate (661–750)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid <span class="nowrap">Caliphate (750–1258)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (819–999)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahirid_dynasty" title="Tahirid dynasty">Tahirid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (821–873)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alavid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (864–928)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (861–1003)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarid_dynasty" title="Ziyarid dynasty">Ziyarid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (931–1090)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (934–1062)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">977–1432</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid <span class="nowrap">Empire (977–1186)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1011–1215)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk <span class="nowrap">Empire (1037–1194)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushtegin_dynasty" title="Anushtegin dynasty">Anushtegin <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1077–1231)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldiguzids" title="Eldiguzids">Eldiguzids <span class="nowrap">(1135/36-1225)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_dynasty" title="Kart dynasty">Kart <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1244–1381)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate"><span class="nowrap">Ilkhanate (1256–1335)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarids_(Iran)" title="Muzaffarids (Iran)">Muzaffarid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1314–1393)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalayirid_Sultanate" title="Jalayirid Sultanate">Jalayirid Sultanate <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1335–1432)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chobanids" title="Chobanids">Chobanid <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1338–1357)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">1370–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid <span class="nowrap">Empire (1370–1507)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu <span class="nowrap">Turcomans (1374–1468)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu <span class="nowrap">Turcomans (1378–1508)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid <span class="nowrap">Empire (1501–1736)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid <span class="nowrap">Empire (1736–1796)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand <span class="nowrap">Dynasty (1751–1794)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar <span class="nowrap">Empire (1789–1925)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanates_of_the_Caucasus" title="Khanates of the Caucasus">Khanates of the <span class="nowrap">Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis" title="1908 bombardment of the Majlis">1908 bombardment of the Majlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Persian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1921 Persian coup d'état">1921 Persian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;">1925–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi <span class="nowrap">dynasty (1925–1979)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab_dispute" title="Shatt al-Arab dispute">Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Iranian_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election">1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian <span class="nowrap">revolution (1979)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Islamic Republic</a></span><br />1979–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="History of the Islamic Republic of Iran"><span class="nowrap">History (1979–)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_Iran" title="Interim Government of Iran">Interim Government (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1979_Iranian_Islamic_Republic_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum">March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1979_Iranian_constitutional_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum">December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_siege" title="Iranian Embassy siege">Iranian Embassy <span class="nowrap">siege (1980)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nojeh_coup_plot" title="Nojeh coup plot">Nojeh coup plot (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq <span class="nowrap">War (1980–88)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Government_of_Iran_(1981)" title="Interim Government of Iran (1981)">Interim Government of Iran (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Mecca_incident" title="1987 Mecca incident">1987 Mecca incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655" title="Iran Air Flight 655">Iran Air Flight 655 <span class="nowrap">shootdown (1988)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDPI_insurgency_(1989%E2%80%931996)" title="KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)">KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">PJAK conflict (2004–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election_protests" title="2009 Iranian presidential election protests">2009 Iranian presidential election protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war (2011–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="International military intervention against the Islamic State">International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">United States withdrawal (2018)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_Iranian_protests" title="2017–2018 Iranian protests">2017–2018 Iranian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Iranian_general_strikes_and_protests" title="2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests">2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sistan_and_Baluchestan_protests" title="2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests">2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Iranian_protests" title="2019–2020 Iranian protests">2019–2020 Iranian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Sistan_and_Baluchestan_protests" title="2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests">2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Iranian_protests" title="2021–2022 Iranian protests">2021–2022 Iranian protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Persians" title="List of ancient Persians">Ancient Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persianization" title="Persianization">Persianization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persianate_society" title="Persianate society">Persianate society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian_tradition" title="Turco-Persian tradition">Turco-Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Persian_culture" title="Indo-Persian culture">Indo-Persian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">languages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiroft_culture" title="Jiroft culture">Jiroft culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">Peoples of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia" title="List of monarchs of Persia">Monarchs of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Iran" title="List of heads of state of Iran">Heads of state of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_democracy_in_classical_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="History of democracy in classical Iran">History of democracy in classical Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Iran" title="Military history of Iran">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_electricity_in_Iran" title="History of electricity in Iran">Electric history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Iran" title="List of years in Iran">Years in Iran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iran" title="Geography of Iran">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Iran" title="Borders of Iran">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran_by_province" title="List of cities in Iran by province">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_Iran" title="List of largest cities of Iran">largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Iran" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran">twin towns and sister cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Iran" title="Climate change in Iran">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">Iranian Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Hyrcanian_mixed_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests">Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Iranian Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Iran" title="List of islands of Iran">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Iran" title="List of mountains in Iran">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Iran" title="Wildlife of Iran">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Iran" title="Censorship in Iran">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iran" title="Constitution of Iran">Constitution</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Persian Constitutional Revolution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iran" title="Corruption in Iran">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iran" title="Elections in Iran">Elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election" title="2009 Iranian presidential election">2009 presidential</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Iran" title="Foreign relations of Iran">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childrens%27_Rights_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Childrens' Rights in Iran">Children's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Iran">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Iran" title="Women's rights in Iran">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_judicial_system_of_Iran" title="History of the judicial system of Iran">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Navy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Intelligence_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Intelligence (Iran)">Ministry of Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare_and_Iran" title="Cyberwarfare and Iran">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1747" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747">UN Security Council Resolution 1747</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Iran" title="List of political parties in Iran">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principlists" class="mw-redirect" title="Principlists">Principlists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Iran" title="Propaganda in Iran">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Reformists" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Reformists">Reformists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_and_terrorism_in_Iran" title="Assassination and terrorism in Iran">Terrorism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Iran and state-sponsored terrorism">state-sponsorship allegations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution" title="White Revolution">White Revolution (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_movement_in_Iran" title="Women's rights movement in Iran">Women's rights movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly (or Council) of Experts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Council" title="Guardian Council">Guardian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Iran" title="Local councils of Iran">Local councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_officials" title="List of Iranian officials">Officials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ambassadors_from_Iran" title="List of current ambassadors from Iran">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Iran_governors-general" title="List of current Iran governors-general">Provincial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran" title="Supreme Leader of Iran">Supreme Leader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonyad" title="Bonyad">Bonyad (charitable trust)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_capital_flight_from_Iran" title="Human capital flight from Iran">Brain drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Iran" title="List of companies of Iran">Companies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Automotive industry</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Iran" title="Child labour in Iran">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iran" title="Corruption in Iran">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Iran" title="Economic history of Iran">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Economic_Reform_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Economic Reform Plan">Economic Reform Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iran" title="Energy in Iran">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Iran" title="Foreign direct investment in Iran">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_in_Iran" title="Intellectual property in Iran">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_oil_bourse" title="Iranian oil bourse">International oil bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Iran" title="International rankings of Iran">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Iran and the World Trade Organization">Iran and the World Trade Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Iran" title="Taxation in Iran">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_laws_in_Iran" title="List of economic laws in Iran">Main economic laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Middle_East" title="Economy of the Middle East">Economy of the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milad_Tower" title="Milad Tower">Milad Tower and complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_equipment_manufactured_in_Iran" title="List of military equipment manufactured in Iran">Military equipment manufactured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">Nuclear program</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1747" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747">UN Security Council Resolution 1747</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Iran" title="Privatization in Iran">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">Rial (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Space_Agency" title="Iranian Space Agency">Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Imam_Khomeini%27s_Order" title="Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order">Setad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Audit_Court_of_Iran" title="Supreme Audit Court of Iran">Supreme Audit Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Stock_Exchange" title="Tehran Stock Exchange">Tehran Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capital in Iran">Venture capital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Iran#Technology_start-ups" title="Communications in Iran">Technology start-ups</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_sector" title="Economic sector">Sectors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Iran" title="Agriculture in Iran">Agriculture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fruit_production_in_Iran" title="Fruit production in Iran">fruit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_insurance_in_Iran" title="Banking and insurance in Iran">Banking and insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iran" title="Central Bank of Iran">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetab_Banking_System" title="Shetab Banking System">Shetab Banking System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Iran" title="Construction industry of Iran">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Iran" title="Defense industry of Iran">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Iran" title="Healthcare in Iran">Health care</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals in Iran">Pharmaceuticals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Iran" title="Industry of Iran">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Iran" title="Mining in Iran">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iran" title="Petroleum industry in Iran">Petroleum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Oil_Company" title="Anglo-Persian Oil Company">Anglo-Persian Oil Company</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Iran" title="Communications in Iran">Telecommunications and IT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_Company_of_Iran" title="Telecommunication Company of Iran">TCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Iran" title="Transport in Iran">Transport</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Iran" title="List of airlines of Iran">airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Railways" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Railways">railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRISL_Group" title="IRISL Group">shipping</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iran" title="Tourism in Iran">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned<br />companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Industries_Organization" title="Defense Industries Organization">Defense Industries Organization (DIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDRO_Group" title="IDRO Group">Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Aviation_Industries_Organization" title="Iran Aviation Industries Organization">Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Electronics_Industries" title="Iran Electronics Industries">Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Company">National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Fund_of_Iran" title="National Development Fund of Iran">National Development Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaluyeh" title="Asaluyeh">Asaluyeh industrial corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabahar_Free_Trade-Industrial_Zone" title="Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone">Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_Island" title="Kish Island">Kish Island Free Trade Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_research_centers" title="List of Iranian research centers">Research centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Iran" title="Category:Society of Iran">Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iran" title="Languages of Iran">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian (Farsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Neo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Iranian citizens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_diaspora" title="Iranian diaspora">abroad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Iran" title="Ethnic minorities in Iran">Ethnic minorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iran" title="Assyrians in Iran">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iran" title="Circassians in Iran">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Georgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Turkmen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Iran" title="Baháʼí Faith in Iran">Baháʼí Faith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">persecution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iran" title="Christianity in Iran">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Iran" title="Zoroastrianism in Iran">Zoroastrians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">persecution</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Freedom of religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Iran" title="Corruption in Iran">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Iran" title="Crime in Iran">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iran" title="Education in Iran">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Iran" title="Higher education in Iran">higher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_movements_in_Iran" title="Intellectual movements in Iran">Intellectual movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-modern_Iranian_scientists_and_scholars" title="List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars">scientists and scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Iran" title="List of universities in Iran">universities</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Iran" title="International rankings of Iran">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Iran" title="Water supply and sanitation in Iran">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Iran" title="Women in Iran">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iran" title="Culture of Iran">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Architecture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architects_of_Iran" title="Architects of Iran">architects</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">Art</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">modern / contemporary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_astronomy" title="Persian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blogging_in_Iran" title="Blogging in Iran">Blogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Calendars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Persian New Year (<i>Nowruz</i>)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran" title="Fashion in Iran">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Persian_antiquities_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago Persian antiquities dispute">Chicago Persian antiquities dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_wine" title="Persian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folklore" title="Iranian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_movements_in_Iran" title="Intellectual movements in Iran">Intellectual movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranians" title="List of Iranians">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_studies" title="Iranian studies">Iranian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Iran" title="Islamization of Iran">Islamization</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Iran" title="Mass media in Iran">Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_news_agencies" title="List of Iranian news agencies">news agencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_Students_News_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Students News Agency">student</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Iran" title="List of newspapers in Iran">newspapers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_National_Jewels" title="Iranian National Jewels">National Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national symbols of Iran">National symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Anthem_of_Iran" title="Imperial Anthem of Iran">Imperial Anthem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_in_Iran" title="Opium in Iran">Opium consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" title="Iranian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Iran" title="Public holidays in Iran">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Iran" title="Scouting in Iran">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Iran" title="Sport in Iran">Sport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_in_Iran" title="Football in Iran">football</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" title="Iranian hip hop">Rap and hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Traditional</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ey_Iran" title="Ey Iran">Ey Iran</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Iran" title="Science and technology in Iran">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehrangeles" title="Tehrangeles">Tehrangeles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iran" title="Category:Iran">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkey_topics" title="Template talk:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Ancient and Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia" title="Classical Anatolia">Classical Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Byzantine Anatolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seljuks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Beyliks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Anatolian beyliks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Conquest of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Ottoman Old Regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip period">Tulip era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline and modernization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era" title="Second Constitutional Era">Second Constitutional Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">Republic of Türkiye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey">Proclamation of the republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's reforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language_reform" title="Turkish language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">One-party period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Multi-party period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey" title="Economic history of Turkey">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Economic history of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey" title="Military history of Turkey">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Regions</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Turkey" title="Climate change in Turkey">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anatolian_Fault" title="East Anatolian Fault">East Anatolian Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault" title="North Anatolian Fault">North Anatolian Fault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Turkey" title="Air pollution in Turkey">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Waste management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_vegetation_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora and vegetation of Turkey">Flora and vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Turkey" title="Geology of Turkey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Turkey" title="List of mountains in Turkey">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Turkey" title="List of national parks of Turkey">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkey" title="List of rivers of Turkey">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Riviera" title="Turkish Riviera">Turkish Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Turkey" title="Wildlife of Turkey">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Turkey" title="Judicial system of Turkey">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Jurisdictional_Disputes" title="Court of Jurisdictional Disputes">Court of Jurisdictional Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey" title="Parliamentary elections in Turkey">Parliamentary elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Turkey" title="Electoral system of Turkey">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Turkey" title="Administrative divisions of Turkey">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">Intelligence Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Ministry of the Interior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">Gendarmerie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">The constitutional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Turkey" title="Banking in Turkey">Banking and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Turkey" title="Defense industry of Turkey">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Turkey" title="Coal in Turkey">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_in_Turkey" title="Gas in Turkey">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Turkey" title="Oil in Turkey">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Renewables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Turkey" title="Free trade agreements of Turkey">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Turkey" title="Science and technology in Turkey">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Turkey" title="Transport in Turkey">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Turkey" title="Aviation in Turkey">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Ethnic Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey" title="Minorities in Turkey">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Islam in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Turkey" title="List of largest cities and towns in Turkey">Cities and towns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Turkey" title="Immigration to Turkey">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Turkey" title="Health care in Turkey">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_people" title="List of Turkish people">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Turkey" title="Crime in Turkey">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Turkey" title="Corruption in Turkey">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Turkey" title="Marriage in Turkey">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Turkey" title="Women in Turkey">Women in Turkey</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culture" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Turkey" title="Architecture of Turkey">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rug" title="Anatolian rug">Carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Turkey" title="List of festivals in Turkey">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_dance" title="Turkish folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folklore" title="Turkish folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_illumination" title="Ottoman illumination">Illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Turkey" title="List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Turkey">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Turkey" title="Mass media in Turkey">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Turkey" title="List of newspapers in Turkey">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Turkey" title="List of radio stations in Turkey">Radio stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_miniature" title="Ottoman miniature">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Modern_Turkish_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Modern Turkish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznik_pottery" title="Iznik pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Turkey" title="Sport in Turkey">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Turkey" title="Football in Turkey">Football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Turkey" title="Theatre of Turkey">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Turkey" title="Video games in Turkey">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey">World heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkey" title="Category:Turkey">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkey">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Project page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Turkey" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Turkey">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Turkey" title="Outline of Turkey">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3708255#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3708255#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3708255#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/35249486">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/252680814">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjqW9TxYVJhkKfx3fPVFYX">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg4h4k7vybxGDDx3vqWjC">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118613014">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575347">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118613014">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/selcuklular">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&oldid=1255721784">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&oldid=1255721784</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Seljuk_dynasty" title="Category:Seljuk dynasty">Seljuk dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Crusade" title="Category:First Crusade">First Crusade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Nishapur" title="Category:History of Nishapur">History of Nishapur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maturidis" title="Category:Maturidis">Maturidis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)" title="Category:CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)">CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_missing_ISBNs" title="Category:Pages with missing ISBNs">Pages with missing ISBNs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 09:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seljuk_dynasty&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-4vvcr","wgBackendResponseTime":1915,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.444","walltime":"1.714","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12008,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":563427,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7287,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":203422,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1343.664 1 -total"," 36.85% 495.182 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.93% 254.373 22 Template:TDV_Encyclopedia_of_Islam"," 18.32% 246.096 22 Template:Cite_encyclopedia"," 11.27% 151.489 1 Template:Langx"," 10.01% 134.471 1 Template:Great_Seljuk_sultans_family_tree"," 9.55% 128.368 8 Template:Cite_book"," 9.54% 128.234 1 Template:History_of_the_Turks_pre-14th_century"," 9.23% 124.019 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 6.28% 84.408 19 Template:Tree_chart"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.770","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25779054,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-4vvcr","timestamp":"20241128194019","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Seljuk dynasty","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seljuk_dynasty","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3708255","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3708255","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-13T15:52:40Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T09:15:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Ince_minare_sculpture_1.jpg","headline":"Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society"}</script> </body> </html>