CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134185ffce0ce66',cH: 'bwMYjWI9aPo4CCppp160TEPXvvYCv8sopk0dJxT_OYE-1739777669-1.2.1.1-QuasUOImTf1OWMdxR_o.jAgV_hGnx9idsK8._SPHMD.GTQPlohts1oTx091YpOMN',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ncube%20Sharai&__cf_chl_tk=IqLyWeiSaSFGH5WSaojX0DchGJOSIBR7gT.i2riJYxM-1739777669-1.0.1.1-3jRSmuRaedHGyHy7vnk9naaxRMuBhF_mvOE9SuTiPis",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777669',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ncube%20Sharai&__cf_chl_f_tk=IqLyWeiSaSFGH5WSaojX0DchGJOSIBR7gT.i2riJYxM-1739777669-1.0.1.1-3jRSmuRaedHGyHy7vnk9naaxRMuBhF_mvOE9SuTiPis",md: "TzMAjVK9LiEPxJlu.uPU9RyeIYiCAA4peKxwru7ZATg-1739777669-1.2.1.1-VSIwPaQnND8Bfi1JU1krKwQ7o5NNSJvUSru8Qy9F9w0zOP05h8dAIvr_ZuS4Iz_mh0B_RAuPHQz3ptJ1LEVQfwxY4_fIM0P9ujwZrxl154NRS7evv3xKUkK1UtU.EiDXlE2_DSCNIiw7eMOCAeioCdrXlYs14C1ATGNCxWZzfTWhdxAkjJ8umGv.Jxujg2QVX7MOSvGs6sviXrdF5c2qDsbUTdFhcI14A_lrVjmjfltwjcvvZ3fvEfYeglVTTFc2HOuiCZuO6YMWxSf9pIBLkEXUjIpKkZ0z52JICjVXw1vZP9mwLlfeaJ_MnErFoRcfoJYBlB.pZxDct0yq4lxH3OxTjamjMdsyWsCVSh1UI6IojKDG6dFIh96rmRb_cLMjG6Ajy0uZpPYirrRfXfQUZrT8ndCT8ic_iKX4Vg2kl9q0lw2XUBRiaK9v5LtBBjc5UQD2S6_PthLgbDImOfKyL69j.3veEwtmC98vTKFXTMtTHecAUraP3KdK3zxxr8Cfh9jxiEM4msrDJUMfG5EnLvJrN3knfehm3MOFx1FWqotgEZ.Vc.xfOlGQ8i7dy.nequ.dEfBhbQJI4n2TzJdmEEQ1wRjiQKR29.ykslofxPSXaZ0upIJudASyqRgksz5gex0SG_ZRhykk2IE_YBUiobjQeQpjIFQyCHmu8YrWY2OhNSQkJIAYq92M3WAEimgnfifR37AuhRILI38PQiVEFFLEyuCrdTbxgMPY27n4zYnbMtoBT3wNrpQgE_uGjIcS0_Dob3VFfyf4ev8RGZQNB6l9G6JnxyG4Qr2lEDFQ6nuTCfU4NmOVRZuOmpaToSi9NhYkAW6M8oX2vDFvXj3S7F9m8sQGkdEWWGNKd1gT2tjOUuwbFtGilhXM87eAf7K.qGZ7197ZG8ArBrYhBKbAE8FxMTOVJRcTt9IrZz_QIpUuFhjfYuCy8.wcdIC9uO3f5lqWJ_EFGPsQ0lGqk68FDlMfTQB8l7hxq8DjwyPUkmZ1i8Kj8IGp05Js6eLzjK9q97wz_smqCiD9eoDZwseR.H7Y4jor9qHpuSWkaT9XChMTDZN4SJToEt_RUYDZPJkE4EKkuXdq_V4ZA5BXoQKLrtFo9SqyiSiIrCGZgWgn8.85ychYqRG2vZ7zqEGSzc0wBuYFwnYV72lsMPLHnk9XoUYmwiQawawpDomUEanOaVmquSfM.MwAyYGRMb0STOXhhYB.vsCj5ABrGa9o.kYGz2dhwVjeN61LmO.KqwhE9XRbzNIoP1J3RZxoqhta.rnwXw58Sf5luPisnc2BCHbOr.eJulSJSBRxv_2Fspb4A0PIavJktLKsrPwfEZaDGWmZB8K8suSKbRsEkoCYzz8VxmqqM6a8eMmY0OxCE3TgflhvtYutct4uSM1c5g6C1VtgZrAIKUbxzzn9CQacNcn5rfl3tcyT1nwr4Jel8yjPM0panpP07NBdikkBNFzZC9AN5mxd0BEXOzkG7x0eEnr0hSdMtSl5E1MTFzYCtjVG4G6zBowq0M6XDBulPuBXpIp00qJisNWtO_T3VsF7r4Vz5qK3qj7qVZNAkgbSbBqyXtcVqc4lVZAYhw4K_pVyDcVR25QxNRv6PDVDI39GxpU3QBVEJdUB2tz0eVeM_XS2GCTB5TYr7Xjgb4waHhCMmLl3WGjcyNbH8LWI22g1yQS7ExOljhR3BSJwTVWnH6pAeVx0Zb3sANFw7.TMd4iD60PjJm_BQ.L4zQND3qs1L4oUTJvkDV92jx46WYhmlwN3yW24iuZfneTaXAd8yS23fxkQ4w3pkuf1JAMWG85o1sKUXp9JDQQBxfXNPBbufzknW.FxiDZOgNeLH4WJzmq2fWeDRuNo.A.U9QLCU4xLXteXr7fGiJHNsTE4oXKLx6RgZXlkd4MHC5Gr4cJoxk6YrdhSTU5xP3v4S_TVqFecjMdhLzm8p_FxKSQ1E7zhii8VZbg",mdrd: "S0EKo4nn3r40NWGmCHCZxwYPYSZYkkU.HJJ41C.yaO0-1739777669-1.2.1.1-UGKUvDIQRAlVQ14ZNm2Dq2yhTvPvwMv3UBYjr.J3f5mvLSbq2bGvK.lqjD4HMQeB2BmrsRVSR5Fe0aX3no7E.38Gq_LgRQnyuo_bo.vGuEEQrirGtj5l7JoieGo3BONNjE.6b18JKMnA59IwhqXHLfyMyG7ZbDIiNRvLEQTlFTKlJ28ZZU0ATl6BFDvlAAvc3FN.FanbL0IChjJpOiXvBIvIfJ01GPe5QLAvRohUKgssw0L6U76mE0NBfrq.zjEIUgt1dAKEYwh2tOkey80oHjYNPoiFjWuwBsm4vmx3SkEfBFc1_kcBilFo2mjlbufSAmNZZ06lpmQ_OE7vAcGtma98rGT3Y1dAKdD6HZiTCaCDXfDDa5CgejOIFR9fjxJvIUn0zUraR6uWDwMoMB2h_KaYAgjomBc9Sx7brMK59Z7iTu6NZVpEbPdkTwvUz00hvvfWvJtLKqqQ9.ss106Mx2MwUnX1.JPpj8Sx7rymVbXAC8_YrEG._DFmAiyBmMUijHotBpIUExxphpLt05WUinQp6jAXDCL5VyWTtQPx.MVNLN1Ft1kJ5TNeyMG.DDQjAXDFUg4em3CPp0mtwTiJrCldZoq609kpV.aoz7aHM6LTGkMAazAQa24L06F99QA5xl5BV4d5siPbZUdersisQ160YbUEY9D4evkPlT0AmCmrBDloEenAdeU1Lur1kEhnbwhYRWiIT_tDBgkWj4o5L7DNAEEcUWkBfJjf1MVhKRuvEJ3B9i4vamthYOAeZdYYoeyK8c5gnjbzgm4WEKO7zNnVGmhRcdqnW5GoHxjSfoUt4nPgKY0W.9gg2dMO8qFf8vvx92RPFIDi7sTB4.v4SryejIO0h.BSVDT4hn8svEcwMkUkxs2HdVCHjnhZSkGEEmLqMGgCUbwfFTt0vXg4013g2GFWEoM11BHVc1VbwUO6h4oTclJNoX4OS8dn2kific1I4SXjz5uok8_EzI8eb7npLXAHXncZwvGv53CjJY5EVxN.sCsTiCm0DsdOk2HBmyOE.1dUwTsL5djsLYV6DOW8LaPUSQ_XOTMgATP57iSAJmqOzocWmz7BxdY263EVSzdAoOfYinHYLiZfeTMWrYPvumceTBeYMQeBRh0iL3RZQSlc_19n2VW6Ch.KCEr9C9STAYX8k6bLobrRtc.7RT1m_Ky66IjnKEyt.wr2uP1xd3rL4vMokptV5t1jiD1uS.fw7tHzzj6caDnLTLqdHLdbT3O_P.nOx8_4ozB_ph660MAIlst4Ckc2dqnZFMESK.h1liwbZ7INL0jCc9tdyTCrl6fNt3Q1ZEkP0byRKnG8457CrBQLqKJvD8tjX7mi7BqDyfclnveau8.w_5PckeDkZvPIw2Xb7rwN3vgGuXU65cbHImYpKSnetfWCgCmbFBkjHN8hmUc1jjyNfkE8kXo0GOIxqMsO6nrmRPDSVkx3t8rPDMu2Z3SE0XK2wPISORqL.6Cg5gAtIRl.CFp3esreWkFOtHW7fZ1svxpjz_9Zf7eX6YFZxR389CSUHUdux8WyGPlFKqwi1GUdX5pFgLDHva.oHGJY28u5JWpk7y.ePWa3jpk5f_OnmgpJyj6Ml6TCjYhyDp.Ehf29_3iTAGJUMenzFSVocCoS7dWTicsrY7Okr2PBDfgYhRu_pi2DERqLLyOsRZFbI_7oOZ.zkScZXAc8dERO8e5xT31PKh.hV3g9WYPytrFROhWPlC3v3C.HEBODcgnpuqs8WtWTquPkrbDEtebAT3U.l_APpmp9YESro6V.ShOAcuzBYxevq4LvNZG2kHpDEIa1S70HKa8S15Hcwrn.bAdAe5dLGjgK7aBWoUR2hpRANe673wIwRR34FbT2FKZcgAwCgep2J6vAclorNcA8vR_ds.0GjbLeZHQbs6fyGOS7JFgfs8EiUmOv8wuosRc3XVhS54RAcbhtAtOuQSLh.hxPXiQmJWqBP.vvj4Q7Eo4rWVw.O3ZN"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134185ffce0ce66';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ncube%20Sharai&__cf_chl_rt_tk=IqLyWeiSaSFGH5WSaojX0DchGJOSIBR7gT.i2riJYxM-1739777669-1.0.1.1-3jRSmuRaedHGyHy7vnk9naaxRMuBhF_mvOE9SuTiPis" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>