CINXE.COM
Peer-Reviewed Publications | Dietary Guidelines for Americans
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/about-dietary-guidelines/peer-reviewed-publications" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style> .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; padding-top: 30px; height: 0; overflow: hidden; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #megamenu-3 .usa-megamenu__col:nth-child(3) { max-width: 25%; } </style> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-27627304-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-27627304-1'); </script> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-27627304-8"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-27627304-8'); </script> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-27379012-31"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-27379012-31'); </script> <script async="async" type="text/javascript" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=USDA&subagency=CNPP" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var sz = document.createElement('script'); sz.type = 'text/javascript'; sz.async = true; sz.src = '//siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_10611.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(sz, s); })(); </script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.12.5/gsap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/3.12.5/ScrollTrigger.min.js"></script> <script></script> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/favicons/favicon.png" type="image/png" /> <title>Peer-Reviewed Publications | Dietary Guidelines for Americans</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_7JRR-MkNYU1lct3Kj0xEmgDVhNX88i1bV47_lah_fHQ.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=dietaryguidelines&include=eJxdjUEKwzAMBD8k4icV2RKOiGIZyaa4r28OLS057TIwTDmYZJg_pBG3kdXKkf4-xIrBZ8oYDDOeFIl8dlQoihErnRyBlQOKOadmfqLKi4GEB_qqU4hVGl_encAw0yE9ffYKOXR0rI59_4a2H9lm6zOrxM70BrcsSb0" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_FxBjMcyLp1Keu5noH6MLPSM_ptN0V0xMdOmU6S5C-8g.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=dietaryguidelines&include=eJxdjUEKwzAMBD8k4icV2RKOiGIZyaa4r28OLS057TIwTDmYZJg_pBG3kdXKkf4-xIrBZ8oYDDOeFIl8dlQoihErnRyBlQOKOadmfqLKi4GEB_qqU4hVGl_encAw0yE9ffYKOXR0rI59_4a2H9lm6zOrxM70BrcsSb0" /> <script>(window.BOOMR_mq=window.BOOMR_mq||[]).push(["addVar",{"rua.upush":"false","rua.cpush":"false","rua.upre":"false","rua.cpre":"false","rua.uprl":"false","rua.cprl":"false","rua.cprf":"false","rua.trans":"","rua.cook":"false","rua.ims":"false","rua.ufprl":"false","rua.cfprl":"false","rua.isuxp":"false","rua.texp":"norulematch","rua.ceh":"false","rua.ueh":"false","rua.ieh.st":"0"}]);</script> <script>!function(e){var n="https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if("False"=="True")e.BOOMR_config=e.BOOMR_config||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams=e.BOOMR_config.PageParams||{},e.BOOMR_config.PageParams.pci=!0,n="https://s2.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/";if(window.BOOMR_API_key="PJF9E-KB3JU-SHLWQ-YP5PW-RQHP2",function(){function e(){if(!o){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="boomr-scr-as",e.src=window.BOOMR.url,e.async=!0,i.parentNode.appendChild(e),o=!0}}function t(e){o=!0;var n,t,a,r,d=document,O=window;if(window.BOOMR.snippetMethod=e?"if":"i",t=function(e,n){var t=d.createElement("script");t.id=n||"boomr-if-as",t.src=window.BOOMR.url,BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),e=e||d.body,e.appendChild(t)},!window.addEventListener&&window.attachEvent&&navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE [67]\./))return window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="s",void t(i.parentNode,"boomr-async");a=document.createElement("IFRAME"),a.src="about:blank",a.title="",a.role="presentation",a.loading="eager",r=(a.frameElement||a).style,r.width=0,r.height=0,r.border=0,r.display="none",i.parentNode.appendChild(a);try{O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}catch(_){n=document.domain,a.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+n+"';void(0);",O=a.contentWindow,d=O.document.open()}if(n)d._boomrl=function(){this.domain=n,t()},d.write("<bo"+"dy onload='document._boomrl();'>");else if(O._boomrl=function(){t()},O.addEventListener)O.addEventListener("load",O._boomrl,!1);else if(O.attachEvent)O.attachEvent("onload",O._boomrl);d.close()}function a(e){window.BOOMR_onload=e&&e.timeStamp||(new Date).getTime()}if(!window.BOOMR||!window.BOOMR.version&&!window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted){window.BOOMR=window.BOOMR||{},window.BOOMR.snippetStart=(new Date).getTime(),window.BOOMR.snippetExecuted=!0,window.BOOMR.snippetVersion=12,window.BOOMR.url=n+"PJF9E-KB3JU-SHLWQ-YP5PW-RQHP2";var i=document.currentScript||document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o=!1,r=document.createElement("link");if(r.relList&&"function"==typeof r.relList.supports&&r.relList.supports("preload")&&"as"in r)window.BOOMR.snippetMethod="p",r.href=window.BOOMR.url,r.rel="preload",r.as="script",r.addEventListener("load",e),r.addEventListener("error",function(){t(!0)}),setTimeout(function(){if(!o)t(!0)},3e3),BOOMR_lstart=(new Date).getTime(),i.parentNode.appendChild(r);else t(!1);if(window.addEventListener)window.addEventListener("load",a,!1);else if(window.attachEvent)window.attachEvent("onload",a)}}(),"".length>0)if(e&&"performance"in e&&e.performance&&"function"==typeof e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize)e.performance.setResourceTimingBufferSize();!function(){if(BOOMR=e.BOOMR||{},BOOMR.plugins=BOOMR.plugins||{},!BOOMR.plugins.AK){var n=""=="true"?1:0,t="",a="bdpnbetilf34cz2gx7qq-f-cb9ef06c5-clientnsv4-s.akamaihd.net",i="false"=="true"?2:1,o={"ak.v":"39","ak.cp":"1401775","ak.ai":parseInt("825752",10),"ak.ol":"0","ak.cr":4,"ak.ipv":4,"ak.proto":"http/1.1","ak.rid":"c2ffd23","ak.r":47863,"ak.a2":n,"ak.m":"dsca","ak.n":"essl","ak.bpcip":"8.222.208.0","ak.cport":46206,"ak.gh":"23.54.158.72","ak.quicv":"","ak.tlsv":"tls1.2","ak.0rtt":"","ak.0rtt.ed":"","ak.csrc":"-","ak.acc":"reno","ak.t":"1732689889","ak.ak":"hOBiQwZUYzCg5VSAfCLimQ==u2szUDSGpCNW51QH8xrCgQAGiD0om72QqjmGGKfG3BYn28boDeUO3e8V/1+yXby9R9OnjB3jKHOBbKtZ0GYtoOPwLet2O0J7PsEf6nhkMW/EP6HBq7PKvKaMT6GgfkVSsdfwJfLZijknAu9rbFF7YfQM0YWc77QzTibbwsIZHZBacNEfZdNVLHFURXSymSTFDDZKibrs28eSfMWYtfPOgGxfUFgtYNEKSJETRJXKkIv/OAC5hAQP2oeXBeSdBwyQTlUUZ3I+zH8g9de89oavx2tdCoTJ358cvnGFFX79+NiG96dHn7xIsXJtwcQ5QOirKFIweC2XYSKvmt64SOlbWaN/6NxSTt0JG13ea2KPhB5b15QImEy//x3ksyKd/XC6pUUOwZq97FlhbEdLwAmG98KDB0poH0//P+w/qOJC/Zg=","ak.pv":"14","ak.dpoabenc":"","ak.tf":i};if(""!==t)o["ak.ruds"]=t;var r={i:!1,av:function(n){var t="http.initiator";if(n&&(!n[t]||"spa_hard"===n[t]))o["ak.feo"]=void 0!==e.aFeoApplied?1:0,BOOMR.addVar(o)},rv:function(){var e=["ak.bpcip","ak.cport","ak.cr","ak.csrc","ak.gh","ak.ipv","ak.m","ak.n","ak.ol","ak.proto","ak.quicv","ak.tlsv","ak.0rtt","ak.0rtt.ed","ak.r","ak.acc","ak.t","ak.tf"];BOOMR.removeVar(e)}};BOOMR.plugins.AK={akVars:o,akDNSPreFetchDomain:a,init:function(){if(!r.i){var e=BOOMR.subscribe;e("before_beacon",r.av,null,null),e("onbeacon",r.rv,null,null),r.i=!0}return this},is_complete:function(){return!0}}}}()}(window);</script></head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://resources.digital-cloud-gov.medallia.com/wdcgov/13330/onsite/embed.js" async="async"></script> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="usa-header usa-header-extended" id="header" role="banner"> <section class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner-header"> <div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag"> <p>An official website of the United States government</p> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner"> <span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner"> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov"> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong> <br> Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/icon-https.svg" alt="SSL"> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p>This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. The <strong>https://</strong> means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-navbar"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="usa-logo" id="logo"> <a class="usda-logo" href="/" accesskey="1" title="Home" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/dg-logo.svg" alt="Dietary Guidelines for Americans" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <div class="usa-nav" role="navigation"> <div class="usa-nav-inner"> <button class="usa-nav-close"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/close-knockout.svg" alt="close" /> </button> <div class="region region-primary-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Main navigation"> <ul class="usa-nav-primary usa-accordion"> <li class=""> <a href="/" class="usa-nav-link" > <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-2"> <span>About</span> </button> <ul id="megamenu-2" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="usda-nav-overview"> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/purpose-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Purpose</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/process"> <span>Who's Involved?</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/approaches-examine-science"> <span>Approaches to Examine the Science</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/history-dietary-guidelines"> <span>History</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/peer-reviewed-publications"> <span>Peer-Reviewed Publications</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/previous-editions"> <span>Previous Editions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav-item--has-megamenu"> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-3"> <span>Current Dietary Guidelines</span> </button> <ul id="megamenu-3" class="usa-nav-submenu usa-megamenu usa-grid-full" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="usda-nav-overview"> <a href="/current-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Current Dietary Guidelines</span> </a> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials"> <span>2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines and Online Materials</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials/top-10-things-you-need-know"> <span>Top 10 Things You Need to Know</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/2020-2025-dietary-guidelines-online-materials/food-sources-select-nutrients"> <span>Food Sources of Select Nutrients</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/current-dietary-guidelines/cpe-opportunities"> <span>CPE Opportunities</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/figures-infographics"> <span>Figures & Infographics</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/figures-infographics"> <span>Figures</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/figures-infographics/infographics"> <span>Infographics</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources"> <span>Professional Resources</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources"> <span>Print Materials</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources/health-professionals-presentations"> <span>Presentation Slides</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/professional-resources/peer-reviewed-publications"> <span>Peer-Reviewed Publications, Current Edition</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/consumer-resources"> <span>Consumer Resources</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/consumer-resources"> <span>Consumer Brochure</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/es/recursos"> <span>Recursos en Español</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/es/recursos"> <span>Materiales Impresos</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/es/figuras"> <span>Figuras</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/resources/about-process-2020"> <span>Process to Develop the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2020-advisory-committee-report"> <span>Scientific Report</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/public-comments-departments"> <span>Public Comments to the Departments</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/usda-hhs-development-dietary-guidelines"> <span>USDA-HHS Development of the Dietary Guidelines</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav-item--has-megamenu"> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="megamenu-4"> <span>Work Under Way</span> </button> <ul id="megamenu-4" class="usa-nav-submenu usa-megamenu usa-grid-full" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="usda-nav-overview"> <a href="/work-under-way"> <span>Work Under Way</span> </a> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-3-advisory-committee-reviews-scientific-evidence"> <span>Learn About the Process</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-1-identify-the-scientific-questions"> <span>Identify the Scientific Questions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-2-appoint-the-advisory-committee"> <span>Appoint the Advisory Committee</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-3-advisory-committee-reviews-scientific-evidence"> <span>Advisory Committee Reviews Scientific Evidence</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-4-develop-the-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/learn-about-process#step-5-implement-the-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Implement the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee"> <span>2025 Advisory Committee</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee"> <span>About the Committee</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/2025-advisory-committee/advisory-committee-resources"> <span>Committee Resources</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/scientific-questions"> <span>Scientific Questions</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence"> <span>Examine the Evidence</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence#data-analysis"> <span>Data Analysis</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence#food-pattern-modeling"> <span>Food Pattern Modeling </span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/examine-evidence#systematic-reviews"> <span>Systematic Reviews</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=" usa-megamenu__col"> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved"> <span>Get Involved</span> </a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved"> <span>Submit a Comment</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/attend-virtual-meetings"> <span>Attend Virtual Meetings</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-1"> <span>Meeting 1</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-2"> <span>Meeting 2</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-3"> <span>Meeting 3</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-4"> <span>Meeting 4</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-5"> <span>Meeting 5</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/get-involved/meeting-6"> <span>Meeting 6</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/scientific-report-meeting"> <span>Scientific Report Meeting</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/related-projects" class="usa-nav-link" > <span>Related Projects</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/most-popular-questions" class="usa-nav-link" > <span>Most Popular Questions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="region region-secondary-menu"> <div class="usa-nav-secondary"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list usa-nav-secondary-links"> <li> <a href="/contact-us"> CONTACT US </a> </li> <li> <a href="/most-popular-questions"> FAQS </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="region region-titlebar"> <header class="usa-titlebar" style="background-image: url(https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2019-02/resources_1.jpg);"> <div class="usa-grid"> <h1>About</h1> </div> </header> </div> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-dietaryguidelines-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <div class="usda-page-utility"> <div class="usa-grid"> <nav class="usa-breadcrumb" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="/">Dietary Guidelines for Americans</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines">About</a> </li> <li> Peer-Reviewed Publications </li> </ol> </nav> <div class="usda-share"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class=""> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-full"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="uswds-main-content-wrapper usa-grid"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <aside class="region-sidebar-first usa-width-one-fourth"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <ul class="usa-sidenav-list"> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/purpose-dietary-guidelines"> <span>Purpose</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/process"> <span>Who's Involved?</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/approaches-examine-science"> <span>Approaches to Examine the Science</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/history-dietary-guidelines"> <span>History</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/peer-reviewed-publications" class="usa-current"> <span>Peer-Reviewed Publications</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-dietary-guidelines/previous-editions"> <span>Previous Editions</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> <div class="region-content usa-width-three-fourths"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-dietaryguidelines-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article data-history-node-id="399" about="/about-dietary-guidelines/peer-reviewed-publications" typeof="schema:WebPage"> <span property="schema:name" content="Peer-Reviewed Publications" class="rdf-meta hidden"></span> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-text paragraph--view-mode--default usa-section usa-content" id="uswds-text-4209"> <div class="usa-grid"> <h2>Peer-Reviewed Publications</h2> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-grid paragraph--view-mode--default usa-section" id="uswds-grid-4206"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-two-thirds usda-column paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-column paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-text paragraph--view-mode--default usa-section usa-content" id="uswds-text-4203"> <div class="usa-grid"> <p>Updating the <em>Dietary Guidelines for Americans</em> (<em>Dietary Guidelines</em>) is a scientifically rigorous, multi-year process. Evidence supporting each edition of the <em>Dietary Guidelines</em> is comprehensively documented in the Scientific Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (Committee). In addition to the Scientific Report, members of the Committee and Federal support staff publish work on select topics related to the development of the <em>Dietary Guidelines</em> in peer-reviewed publications as listed below.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-width-one-third usda-column paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-column paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="usda-media paragraph paragraph--type--usda-media paragraph--view-mode--default usa-section usa-content" data-caption=""> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usda-media-picture"> <article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Peer-Review-Pub-Books-Stacked.jpg" width="248" height="177" alt="Books Stacked" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-text paragraph--view-mode--default usa-section usa-content" id="uswds-text-4202"> <div class="usa-grid"> <h4>Publications</h4> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="advisory-committee-resources-table" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="background-color: rgb(21, 63, 103);"> <h4 style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Citation</h4> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">de Jesus JM, Stoody EE, DeSilva DM, et al. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524002806?via%3Dihub" rel="noreferrer">Addressing Misinformation about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans</a>. <em>Am J Clin Nutr.</em> 2024: 119(5):1101-1110. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.034</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">English E, Raghavan R, Obbagy O, et al. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499404623005237" rel="noreferrer">Dietary Patterns and Health: Insights from NESR Systematic Reviews to Inform the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.</a> <em>J Nutr Educ Behav.</em> 2024: 56(1). doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2023.10.001</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">Fisher R, Piercy KL, de Jesus JM, et al. <a href="https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jflp/vol19/iss1/6/" rel="noreferrer">Putting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans into Action through the National Strategy on Hunger.</a> Journal of Food Law & Policy, 19(1). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jflp/vol19/iss1/6/</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">Reed P, Haven J, Stoody E, et al. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523463186?via%3Dihub" rel="noreferrer">Looking ahead to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030: a call to action.</a> <em>J Clin Nutr</em>. Published online April 4, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.028</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">Obbagy J, Raghavan R, Cole NC, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1112868" rel="noreferrer">USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review’s collaborative approach for conducting systematic reviews: Promoting diversity of expertise while managing potential conflicts of interest.</a> <em>Front. Nutr.</em> 2023; 10. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112868</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">Bailey RL, Leidy HJ, Mattes RD, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac132" rel="noreferrer">Frequency of Eating in the US Population: A Narrative Review of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report.</a> <em>Curr Dev Nutr,</em> 2022: 6(9): nzac132. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzac132</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">Obbagy J, Raghavan R, English LK, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxac140" rel="noreferrer">Strengthening Research that Answers Nutrition Questions of Public Health Importance: Leveraging the Experience of the USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Team.</a> <em>J Nutr.</em> Aug 9 2022;152(8):1823-1830. doi:10.1093/jn/nxac140</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">Spill MK, English LK, Raghavan R, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab147" rel="noreferrer">Perspective: USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review Methodology: Grading the Strength of Evidence in Nutrition- and Public Health-Related Systematic Reviews.</a> <em>Adv Nutr.</em> Aug 1 2022;13(4):982-991. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab147</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Snetselaar LG, de Jesus JM, DeSilva DM, Stoody EE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000512" rel="noreferrer">Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025: Understanding the scientific process, guidelines, and key recommendations.</a> <em>Nutr Today.</em> 2021;56(6):287-295. doi:10.1097/NT.0000000000000512</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bailey RL, Stang JS, Davis TA, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.10.017" rel="noreferrer">Dietary and complementary feeding practices of US infants, 6 to 12 Months: A narrative review of the federal nutrition monitoring data.</a> <em>J Acad Nutr Diet.</em> 2022;122(12): 2337-2345. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.10.017</td> </tr> <tr> <td>English LK, Ard JD, Bailey RL, et al. <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2783625" rel="noreferrer">Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review.</a> <em>JAMA Netw Open.</em> Aug 2 2021;4(8):e2122277. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nevins JEH, Donovan SM, Snetselaar L, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab238" rel="noreferrer">Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dietary Supplements Consumed During Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review.</a> <em>J Nutr.</em> Nov 2 2021;151(11):3483-3494. doi:10.1093/jn/nxab238</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dewey KG, Güngör D, Donovan SM, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab206" rel="noreferrer">Breastfeeding and risk of overweight in childhood and beyond: a systematic review with emphasis on sibling-pair and intervention studies.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr.</em> 2021;114(5):1774-1790. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab206</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dewey KG, Pannucci T, Casavale KO, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab201" rel="noreferrer">Development of food pattern recommendations for infants and toddlers 6-24 months of age to support the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.</a> <em>J Nutr.</em> 2021;151(10):3113-3124. doi:10.1093/jn/nxab201</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Schneeman BO, Ard JD, Boushey CJ, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab023" rel="noreferrer">Perspective: Impact of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report on the process for the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.</a> <em>Adv Nutr</em>, 2021;12(4):1051-1057. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab023</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bailey RL, Ard JD, Davis TA, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa459" rel="noreferrer">A proposed framework for identifying nutrients and food components of public health relevance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.</a> <em>J Nutr</em>, 2021;151(5):1197–1204. doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa459</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Stoody EE, Spahn JM, Casavale KO. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982878/" rel="noreferrer">The Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project: a series of systematic reviews on diet and health.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(Suppl_7):685S-697S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy372</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Obbagy JE, Spahn JM, Wong YP, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy226" rel="noreferrer">Systematic review methods for the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.</a> <em>Am</em> <em>J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):698S–704S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy226</td> </tr> <tr> <td>English LK, Obbagy JE, Wong YP, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy267" rel="noreferrer">Timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages and growth, size, and body composition: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):935S–55S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy267</td> </tr> <tr> <td>English LK, Obbagy JE, Wong YP, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy281" rel="noreferrer">Types and amounts of complementary foods and beverages consumed and growth, size, and body composition: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):956S–77S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy281</td> </tr> <tr> <td>English LK, Obbagy JE, Wong YP, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy321" rel="noreferrer">Complementary feeding and developmental milestones: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):879S–889S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy321</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Obbagy JE, English LK, Psota TL, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy266" rel="noreferrer">Complementary feeding and micronutrient status: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):852S–871S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy266</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Obbagy JE, English LK, Wong YP, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy220" rel="noreferrer">Complementary feeding and food allergies, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):890S–934S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy220</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Obbagy JE, English LK, Wong YP, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy227" rel="noreferrer">Complementary feeding and bone health: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(Suppl):872S–878S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy227</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Raghavan R, Dreibelbis C, Kingshipp BL, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy216" rel="noreferrer">Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and maternal outcomes: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):705S–728S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy216</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Raghavan R, Dreibelbis C, Kingshipp BL, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy353" rel="noreferrer">Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2019;109(7):729S–756S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy353</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Altman J, Spahn J, Stoody EE, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.03.008" rel="noreferrer">Laying the foundation for expanding the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to address children from birth to 24 months and women who are pregnant.</a> <em>J Acad Nutr Diet</em>. 2015;115(5):693-694. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.03.008</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Obbagy JE, Blum-Kemelor DM, Essery EV, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.071670" rel="noreferrer">USDA Nutrition Evidence Library: methodology used to identify topics and develop systematic review questions for the birth-24 month population.</a> <em>Am J Clin Nutr</em>. 2014;99(3):692S-696S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071670</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Stoody EE, Casavale KO. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.009" rel="noreferrer">Making the Dietary Guidelines for Americans "for Americans": the critical role of data analyses.</a> <em>J Food Compost Anal</em>. 2017;64(1):138-142. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.009</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tagtow A, Haven J, Stoody EE, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.010" rel="noreferrer">Coming together to communicate the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.</a> <em>J Acad Nutr Diet</em>. 2016;116(2):209-212. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.010</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Rahavi E, Stoody EE, Rihane C, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.022" rel="noreferrer">Updating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Status and looking ahead.</a> <em>J Acad Nutr Diet</em>. 2015; 115(2):180-182. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.022</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Britten P, Cleveland LE, Koegel KL, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.360" rel="noreferrer">Impact of typical rather than nutrient-dense food choices in the US Department of Agriculture Food Patterns.</a> <em>J Acad Nutr Diet</em>. 2012;112(10):1560-1569. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.360</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pérez-Escamilla R, Obbagy JE, Altman JM, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.020" rel="noreferrer">Dietary energy density and body weight in adults and children: a systematic review.</a> <em>J Acad Nutr Diet</em>. 2012;112(5):671-684. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.01.020</td> </tr> <tr> <td>McGrane MM, Essery E, Obbagy J, et al. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289141/" rel="noreferrer">Dairy consumption, blood pressure, and risk of hypertension: An evidence-based review of recent literature.</a> <em>Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep</em>. 2011;5(4):287-298. doi: 10.1007/s12170-011-0181-5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Spahn JM, Lyon JM, Altman JM, et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.01.005" rel="noreferrer">The systematic review methodology used to support the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.</a> <em>J Am Diet Assoc</em>. 2011 Apr;111(4):520-3. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.01.005</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="usa-footer usa-footer-medium" role="contentinfo"> <div class="usa-grid usa-footer-return-to-top"> <a href="#">Return to top</a> </div> <div class="usa-footer-primary-section"> <div class="usa-grid"> <nav class="usa-footer-nav"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="/policy-and-links">Policy and Links</a> </li> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/">WhiteHouse.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-width-one-sixth usa-footer-primary-content"> <a class="usa-footer-primary-link" href="/sitemap">Site Map</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer-secondary_section"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-footer-logo usa-width-two-thirds"> <div class="organization"> <div class="organization-logo"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/usda-symbol.svg" alt="USDA Logo" class="usda-logo-img"> </div> <div class="organization-social-links"> <a href="https://www.usda.gov/">Connect with USDA</a> <div class="usa-social-links"> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/usda/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Twitter</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/usda/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Facebook</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-google" href="https://plus.google.com/107279790852845021682" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Google+</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-govdelivery" href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDACNPP/subscriber/new" target="_top"> <span>USDA on GovDelivery</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/usdagov/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Instagram</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-flickr" href="https://flickr.com/usdagov" target="_top"> <span>USDA on Flickr</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/usda/" target="_top"> <span>USDA on YouTube</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-rss" href="https://www.usda.gov/rss-feeds" target="_top"> <span>USDA on RSS</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="organization"> <div class="organization-logo"> <img src="/themes/custom/dietaryguidelines/assets/img/dietaryguidelines/hhs-symbol.svg" alt="HHS Logo" class="usda-logo-img"> </div> <div class="organization-social-links"> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Connect with HHS</a> <div class="usa-social-links"> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/HHSGov?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Twitter</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/HHS/" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Facebook</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-google" href="https://plus.google.com/+HHS" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Google+</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/hhsgov/?hl=en" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Instagram</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-flickr" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/hhsgov/" target="_top"> <span>HHS on Flickr</span> </a> <a class="usa-social-link usa-link-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1ZRVOl5MFHIXU4zZr-Oglg" target="_top"> <span>HHS on YouTube</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-sign_up-block usa-width-one-third"> <h3 class="usa-sign_up-header">Sign up</h3> <form action="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USOPHSODPHPHF/subscriber/qualify"> <label class="" for="email" id="">Your email address</label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" class="signup__input"> <button type="submit" class="signup__button">Submit</button> <input type="hidden" name="topic_id" value="USOPHSODPHPHF_146"> </form> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_mSDufsIe-l0zSubBvOn5gc0-FOeFvQeDQWdc-itKev0.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=dietaryguidelines&include=eJwrLS5PKdYvBZE6KZmpJYlFlemlmSmpOZl5qcX6GCI6Jfn5OSWZBfpQGgAyqBme"></script> </body> </html>