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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Division of the Chagatai Khanate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moghulistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moghulistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Moghulistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moghulistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split_of_Moghulistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_of_Moghulistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Split of Moghulistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_of_Moghulistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rule_of_the_Khojas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_of_the_Khojas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Rule of the Khojas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rule_of_the_Khojas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moghulistan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogolist%C3%A1n" title="Mogolistán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mogolistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%9Folustan" title="Moğolustan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Moğolustan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%92%D8%BA%D9%88_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="دوْغو چاغاتای خانلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوْغو چاغاتای خانلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Магалістан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магалістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogolistan" title="Mogolistan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mogolistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulist%C3%A1n" title="Moghulistán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moghulistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogulistan" title="Mogulistan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mogulistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogolist%C3%A1n" title="Mogolistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mogolistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مغولستان (خانات) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مغولستان (خانات)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogholistan" title="Mogholistan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mogholistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EA%B5%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84_%EC%B9%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="모굴리스탄 칸국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모굴리스탄 칸국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Moghulistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მოგოლისტანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოგოლისტანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Моғолстан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Моғолстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Моголстан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Моголстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogulist%C4%81na" title="Mogulistāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mogulistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogulistanas" title="Mogulistanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mogulistanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Moghulistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%98%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯣꯘꯨꯜꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯣꯘꯨꯜꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Моголистан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Моголистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moghulistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="モグーリスタン・ハン国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モグーリスタン・ハン国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBuliston_(qadimgi_davlat)" title="Moʻgʻuliston (qadimgi davlat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moʻgʻuliston (qadimgi davlat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مغلستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مغلستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogulist%C3%A3o" title="Mogulistão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mogulistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Моголистан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моголистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மொகுலிசுதான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொகுலிசுதான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82)" title="Муғулистон (хонот) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муғулистон (хонот)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_%C3%87a%C4%9Fatay_Hanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Doğu Çağatay Hanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğu Çağatay Hanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Могулістан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Могулістан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مغولستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغولستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Moghulistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="东察合台汗国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="东察合台汗国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="东察合台汗国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="东察合台汗国" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Moghulistan</div><div class="ib-country-names">Моголистан<br /><i>Mogholistan</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1347–1462 <span style="font-size:85%;">(whole)</span></li> <li>1462–1705 <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">western</a>)</span></li> <li>1462–1660s <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">eastern</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagatai_Khanate_(1490).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate) in 1490"><img alt="Location of Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate) in 1490" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/300px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/450px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/600px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="677" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate) in 1490</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Almaliq,_Xinjiang" title="Almaliq, Xinjiang">Almaliq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongolian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mongolian language">Middle Mongol</a> (initial period)<sup id="cite_ref-<Григорьев_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-<Григорьев-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_khans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagatai khans">Khan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1347–1363 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tughluk_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughluk Timur">Tughluk Timur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1363–1368 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1429–1462 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_II" title="Esen Buqa II">Esen Buqa II</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Formation of the Moghulistan </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1347</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Moghulistan split into two parts </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1462</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Moghulistan</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called the <b>Moghul Khanate</b> or the <b>Eastern Chagatai Khanate</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> breakaway <a href="/wiki/Khanate" title="Khanate">khanate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> and a historical geographic area north of the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tengri Tagh</a> mountain range,<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the border of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. That area today includes parts of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, and northwest <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The khanate nominally ruled over the area from the mid-14th century until the late 17th century. </p><p>Beginning in the mid-14th century a new khanate, in the form of a nomadic tribal confederacy headed by a member of the family of Chagatai, arose in the region of the <a href="/wiki/Ili_River" title="Ili River">Ili River</a>. It is therefore considered to be a continuation of the Chagatai Khanate, but it is also referred to as the <i>Moghul Khanate</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In actuality, local control rested with local Mongol <a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a> or <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> Sufis in their respective <a href="/wiki/Oases" class="mw-redirect" title="Oases">oases</a>. Although the rulers enjoyed great wealth from trade with the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, it was beset by constant <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> and invasions by the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a>, which emerged from the western part of the erstwhile Chagatai Khanate. The khanate was split into the <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> based on the city of <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> based on the city of <a href="/wiki/Yarkent" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkent">Yarkent</a>, until the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> conquered the region by the early 18th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg/220px-Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg/330px-Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg/440px-Nieuhof-p-189-Mogolsche-gezant-Lach-van-Kley-plate-315.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption>"Moghul" envoys seen in Beijing in 1656 by <a href="/wiki/Johan_Nieuhof" title="Johan Nieuhof">Johan Nieuhof</a>, who took them for representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Moghuls</a> of India. However, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Petech" title="Luciano Petech">Luciano Petech</a> (1914–2010) classifies them visitors from <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a> in Moghulistan.<sup id="cite_ref-lach_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lach-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"Moghulistan" is a Persian name and simply means "Land of the Moghuls" or <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> (the term <i>Moghul</i> or <i>Mughal</i> is <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> for "Mongol" and <a href="/wiki/-istan" class="mw-redirect" title="-istan">-istan</a> means <i>land</i> in Persian) in reference to the eastern branch of the ethnic Mongol <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_khans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagatai khans">Chagatai</a> <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khans</a> who ruled it.<sup id="cite_ref-Starr_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Moghulistan" occurs mostly in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet historiography">Soviet historiography</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Chinese historiography</a> mostly uses the term "East Chagatai Khanate" (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">东察合台汗国</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dōng Cháhétái Hànguó</span></i>), which contrasts Moghulistan to the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a>. The Moghul Khans considered themselves heir to Mongol traditions and called themselves <i>Mongghul Uls</i>, from which the Persian term "Moghulistan" comes. <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> Mandarins called the Moghuls "the Mongol tribes in <a href="/wiki/Beshbalik" title="Beshbalik">Beshbalik</a> (Chinese: <span lang="zh">别失八里</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bié Shī Bā Lǐ</span></i>)". The Timurid <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> for Moghulistan was <i>Ulus-i Jatah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Mongols conquered most of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> in the 13th century and constructed the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, they lived as minorities in many of the regions they had subdued, such as <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. As a result,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> in these regions quickly adopted the local culture. For example, in the Persian <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Mongol khans</a> adopted <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and Persian culture after less than half a century, while the khans of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> embraced Chinese court customs. In contrast, the Mongols and their subordinates who settled in what came to be known as Moghulistan were in origin steppe nomads from <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, they were much more resistant to changing their way of life; they retained their primarily nomadic lifestyle for several centuries and were among the last of the Mongols who converted to Islam to do so. During the 14th century the inhabitants of Moghulistan were known as "<a href="/wiki/Turko-Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Mongol">Mogul</a>" and the area they occupied was called "<a href="/wiki/Mirza_(noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza (noble)">Mirza</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Bartold" title="Vasily Bartold">Vasily Bartold</a>, there are "some indications that the language of the Moghuls was <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> until the 16th century".<sup id="cite_ref-<Бартольд_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-<Бартольд-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the sedentary Mongols in Transoxiana, the nomadic Mongols to their east represented a bastion of true Mongol culture, hence the name "Moghulistan".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghuls</a> were nomads of the steppe, the boundaries of their territories seldom stayed the same for long. Still, Moghulistan in the strictest sense was centered in the <a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili</a> region. It was bounded on the west by the province of <a href="/wiki/Shash" class="mw-redirect" title="Shash">Shash</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Karatau_Mountains" title="Karatau Mountains">Karatau Mountains</a>, while the southern area of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balkhash" title="Lake Balkhash">Lake Balkhash</a> marked the northern limit of Moghul influence. From there the border gradually sloped in a southeastern direction until it reached the eastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> Mountains. The Tian Shan then served as the southern border of Moghulistan. Besides Moghulistan proper, the Moghuls also nominally controlled modern-day <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a> (northern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Depression" title="Turpan Depression">Turpan Depression</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Nanjiang</a> (southern Xinjiang, including the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>). Besides Moghulistan, Nanjiang, and Beijiang, several other regions were also temporarily subjected to Moghul rule at one time or another, such as <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferghana">Ferghana</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a>. Moghulistan proper was primarily steppe country and was where the Moghuls usually resided. Because of the Moghuls' nomadic nature, the towns of Moghulistan fell into decline during their rule, if they managed to remain occupied at all. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moghulistan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Moghulistan.PNG/260px-Moghulistan.PNG" decoding="async" width="260" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Moghulistan.PNG/390px-Moghulistan.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Moghulistan.PNG/520px-Moghulistan.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Central East Asia in 1450. The Moghuls controlled Moghulistan, <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a>, and Turpan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chagatai_Khanate_(1490).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/260px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/390px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png/520px-Chagatai_Khanate_%281490%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption>Moghulistan in 1490</figcaption></figure> <p>Aside from the towns, which were at the foot of the mountains, nearly all of <a href="/wiki/Nanjiang_County" title="Nanjiang County">Nanjiang</a> was desert. As a result, the Moghuls generally stayed out of the region and it was a poor source of manpower. The <a href="/wiki/Dughlat_amirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dughlat amirs">Dughlat amirs</a> or leaders from the <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> Islamic order administered these towns in the name of the Moghul khans until 1514.<sup id="cite_ref-Starr_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Moghuls more directly governed Nanjiang after they lost Moghulistan itself. The capital city of Nanjiang was usually Yarkand or Kashgar. A contemporary Chinese term for part of the Nanjiang area was "Southern Tian Shan route" (Chinese: <span lang="zh">天山南路</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tiānshān Nánlù</span></i>), as opposed to the "Northern" route, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A later <a href="/wiki/Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Turki">Turki</a> word "<a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a>", meaning "Six Cities", came into vogue during the rule of the 19th century Tajik warlord <a href="/wiki/Yakub_Beg_of_Yettishar" title="Yakub Beg of Yettishar">Yaqub Beg</a>, which is an imprecise term for certain western, then Muslim oasis cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Canfield_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canfield-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shoqan_Walikhanov" title="Shoqan Walikhanov">Shoqan Walikhanov</a> names them as <a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aksu,_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksu, Xinjiang">Aksu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uqturpan_County" title="Uqturpan County">Uch-Turpan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yengisar_County" title="Yengisar County">Yangi Hisar</a>; two definitions by <a href="/wiki/Albert_von_Le_Coq" title="Albert von Le Coq">Albert von Le Coq</a> substitute <a href="/wiki/Maralbexi_County" title="Maralbexi County">Bachu</a> (Maralbishi) for Uch-Turfan or <a href="/wiki/Ye_(Hebei)" title="Ye (Hebei)">Yecheng</a> (Karghalik) for Aksu. During Yaqub's rule, <a href="/wiki/Turfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfan">Turfan</a> substituted for Uch-Turfan, and other informants identify seven, rather than six cities in "Alti-shahr".<sup id="cite_ref-Canfield_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canfield-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borders of Alti-Shahr were better defined than those of Moghulistan, with the Tian Shan marking the northern boundary, the <a href="/wiki/Pamirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamirs">Pamirs</a> the western, and the <a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunlun Shan">Kunlun Shan</a> the southern. The eastern border usually was slightly to the east of <a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a>. </p><p>The Buddhist kingdom in Beijiang centered around <a href="/wiki/Turfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfan">Turfan</a> was the only area where the people were identified as "Uyghurs" after the Islamic invasions.<sup id="cite_ref-Gladney_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gladney-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The broader Turfan area was bordered by Nanjiang to the west, the Tian Shan to the north, the Kunlun Shan to the south, and the principality of <a href="/wiki/Kumul,_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumul, Xinjiang">Hami</a>. In 1513 Hami became a dependency of Turfan and remained so until the end of Moghul rule. As a result, the Moghuls became direct neighbors of <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a>. Although the term "Uyghurstan" was used for the Turfan city-state, the term is confused in Muslim sources with <a href="/wiki/Cathay" title="Cathay">Cathay</a>. The Uyghur khans had voluntarily become Mongol vassals during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> and as a result were allowed to retain their territories. As the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> was split up in the middle of the 13th century, the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatayids</a>. The power of the Uyghur khans slowly declined under Mongol rule until the last recorded khan was forcibly converted to Islam in the 1380s or 90s. After the 15th century it seems to have been subjected to direct Moghul rule, and a separate Moghul Khanate was established there in mid-15th century. After the Islamization of Turfan, the non-Islamic term "Uyghur" would disappear until the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist">Chinese Nationalist</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Sheng_Shicai" title="Sheng Shicai">Sheng Shicai</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, introduced it for a different, Muslim population in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-Gladney_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gladney-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate" title="Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate">Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate</a></div> <p>Arguments about succession resulted in the breakup of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> in Asia into the <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> in Central Asia, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1279–1368) in China, <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> in Persia, and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> in Russia, which waged destructive wars with one another. </p><p>Moghulistan, which had formed the eastern portion of the Chagatai Khanate, became independent in 1347 under the Chagatayid named <a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a>. There is no accepted date for the dissolution of the Chagatai Khanate, although some historians mark it with the ascendance of Tughlugh. There were few contemporary histories of Moghulistan, in contrast to the well-documented <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a>; most of modern knowledge about the region comes from the <a href="/wiki/Tarikh-i-Rashidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarikh-i-Rashidi">Tarikh-i-Rashidi</a>, the only primary source for the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate">Division of the Chagatai Khanate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Division of the Chagatai Khanate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg/300px-YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg/450px-YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg/600px-YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3176" data-file-height="4039" /></a><figcaption>Ogedei Khan's descendants are found among the eastern and western Chaghtai Khanates of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg/300px-Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg/450px-Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg/600px-Eastern_Chagatai_1372.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The map showing the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan) as of the year 1372 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>The eastern regions of the Chagatai Khanate in the early 14th century had been inhabited by a number of Mongol nomadic tribes. These tribes resented the conversion of Tarmashirin to Islam and the move of the khan to the sedentary areas of Transoxiana. They were behind the revolt that ended in Tarmashirin's death. One of the khans that followed Tarmashirin, <a href="/wiki/Changshi" title="Changshi">Changshi</a>, favored the east and was non-Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1340s as a series of ephemeral khans struggled to hold power in Transoxiana, little attention was paid by the Chagatayids to the eastern regions. As a result, the eastern tribes there were virtually independent. The most powerful of the tribes, the <a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a>, controlled extensive territories in Moghulistan and the western <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>. In 1347 the Dughlats decided to appoint a khan of their own, and raised the Chagatayid <a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tughlugh Timur (1347–1363) was thereby made the head of a tribal confederacy that governed the Tarim Basin and the steppe area of Moghulistan (named after the Moghuls). His reign was contemporaneous with the series of puppet khans that ruled in Transoxiana, meaning that there were now effectively two khanates headed by Chagatayids: one in the west, centered in Transoxiana, and one in the east, centered in Moghulistan. Unlike the khans in the west, however, Tughlugh Timur was a strong ruler who converted to Islam (1354) and sought to reduce the power of the Dughlats.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tughlugh Timur converted to Islam, whose concepts of <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">ummah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghazat (page does not exist)">ghazat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">holy war</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> inspired his territorial <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a> into <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>. The conversion was also politically convenient in that he branded the dissident princes which he killed as "heathens and idolaters".<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversion amongst the general population was slow to follow. In 1360 he took advantage of a breakdown of order in Transoxiana and his legitimacy as descendant of Chagatai Khan<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to invade the region and take control of it, thereby temporarily reuniting the two khanates. Despite invading a second time in 1361 and appointing his son <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a> as ruler of Transoxiana, however, Tughlugh Timur was unable to keep a lasting hold on the region, and the Moghuls were ultimately expelled by Amir Husayn and Timur, who then fought amongst themselves for control of Transoxiana.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Moghulistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;border-color:lightgrey"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Moghulistan is located in Continental Asia"><img alt="Moghulistan is located in Continental Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/300px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/450px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/600px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span><div id="annotation_270x05" style="position:absolute; 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left:25px; top:28px; font-size:5px; font-weight:bold; font-size:5; line-height:7px; text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="color:#4F311CFF">MUSCOVY</span></a></span></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" title="File:Map Asia physical (continental).png">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Moghulistan and main polities in Asia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400</span></div></div></div> <p>Chagatayid rule in Moghulistan was temporarily interrupted by the coup of the Dughlat Amir <a href="/wiki/Qamar-ud-din_Khan_Dughlat" title="Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat">Qamar-ud-Din</a>, who likely killed Ilyas Khoja in 1368 and several other Chagatayids. This takeover provoked a period of near-constant <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil wars</a>, because the <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">tribal chiefs</a> could not accept that Qamar-ud-Din, a "commoner", could accede to the throne. Opposition to Qamar-ud-Din within his own Dughlat tribe compromised the unity of Moghulistan, as <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abu_Bakr_Dughlat" title="Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat">Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat</a> took control of <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Moghuls that remained obedient to him were constantly at war with Timur, who invaded Moghulistan several times but was unable to catch Dughlat invaders.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Timur sent at least five victorious expeditions to Moghulistan, seriously weakening <span class="nowrap">Qamar-ud-Din's</span> regime. The Moghuls had sent an unsuccessful supplication to the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> of China pleading for help, as <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a> had also wanted to conquer China,<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while emphasizing that Transoxiana was the land belonging to their own Moghul forefathers, regarding the Timurids control over Transoxiana as illegitimate.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a military alliance did not result, the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> opened up caravan trade to Moghulistan, greatly enriching the Moghul rulers who collected <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a> (tax) on the lucrative <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Upshur_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upshur-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trade ushered in an era of economic and cultural exchange with China, in exchange for the state accepting (what the Ming saw as) <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">tributary status</a> to the Ming.<sup id="cite_ref-Starr_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starr-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> united and expelled the Mongols from China, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644), Yuan Mongol refugees, principally of the <a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a> clan, migrated to the eastern Chagatai Khanate.<sup id="cite_ref-Upshur_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upshur-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those Mongols allied with the nomadic <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamanist">Shamanist</a> rebels of the <a href="/wiki/Issyk_Kul" class="mw-redirect" title="Issyk Kul">Issyk Kul</a> and Isi areas against the Chagatai Khan <a href="/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a> in the 1330s upon his conversion to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. </p><p>A Chagatayid restoration occurred in the 1380s, when the Dughlats enthroned the surviving Chagatayid heir <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khoja" title="Khizr Khoja">Khizr Khoja</a>, but the Dughlats retained an important position within the khanate; for the next forty years they installed several khans of their own choosing.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being restored to the throne by the Dughlats, Khizr Khoja married his sister to <a href="/wiki/Amir_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Timur">Amir Timur</a>, then personally led a holy war against "Khitay" (the Uyghurs in <a href="/wiki/Turfan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turfan">Turfan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qocho" title="Qocho">Qocho</a>), forcibly converting them to Islam and putting an end to the Uyghur polity.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 15th century the Moghuls had to deal with several enemy incursions by the <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timurids" class="mw-redirect" title="Timurids">Timurids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg/260px-Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg/390px-Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg/520px-Mongolia_1500_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a> residual states and domains by the 15th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Moghul rule in the region was restored by <a href="/wiki/Uwais_Khan" title="Uwais Khan">Uwais Khan</a> (1418–1428), a devout Muslim who was frequently at war with the Oirats (Western Mongols) who roamed in the area east of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balkash" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Balkash">Lake Balkash</a>. He was usually defeated and even captured twice by the Oirat <a href="/wiki/Esen_Tayishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Esen Tayishi">Esen Tayishi</a>, but was able to secure his release both times. Uvais Khan was followed by <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_II" title="Esen Buqa II">Esen Buqa</a> (1428–1462), who frequently raided the Timurid Empire to the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Split_of_Moghulistan">Split of Moghulistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Split of Moghulistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg/220px-Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg/330px-Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg/440px-Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Moghulistan in the 15th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png/220px-1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png/330px-1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png/440px-1517_Yarkent_and_Turpan.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Division of Yarkent and Turpan in 1517</figcaption></figure> <p>Late in his reign Esen Buqa was contested by his brother <a href="/wiki/Yunus_Khan" title="Yunus Khan">Yunus Khan</a> (1462–1487), who had been raised to the khanship by the Timurids in an attempt to counter Esen Buqa. When Esen Buqa died in 1462, the Dughlat amirs were divided over whether they should follow his son Dost Muhammad, who was then seventeen or his brother <a href="/wiki/Yunus_Khan" title="Yunus Khan">Yunus Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of <a href="/wiki/Dost_Muhammad_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Dost Muhammad (Moghul Khan)">Dost Muhammad</a> in 1469,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yunus Khan reunited the khanate, defeated the <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> and maintained good relations with the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> and Timurids, but the western Tarim Basin was lost to a revolt by the Dughlats. In 1484 he captured <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a> from the Timurids.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yunus Khan (1462–1487) profited from the weakness of his neighbors and took Tashkent in 1482. Towards the end of Yunus' reign, his son <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a> founded a breakaway eastern Khanate in greater Turpan. </p><p>During the 15th century the Moghul khans became increasingly Turkified. Yunus Khan is even mentioned to have the looks of a <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81jik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tājik people">Tajik</a> instead of those of a Mongol.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Turkification may not have been as extensive amongst the general Moghul population,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were also slower to convert to Islam than the khan and top amirs (although by the mid-fifteenth century the Moghuls were considered to be largely Muslim<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The khans also adopted the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> in favor of the Mongol <a href="/wiki/Yassa" title="Yassa">Yassa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg/220px-1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg/330px-1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg/440px-1551_Venice_Gastaldi-Descriptione_de_la_Moscouia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5168" data-file-height="3816" /></a><figcaption>"Zagathay Tartari" shown in control of the lands east of the Lower <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> on a 1551 map</figcaption></figure> <p>After Yunus Khan's death his territories were divided by his sons. <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a> (1487–1503), who ruled eastern Moghulistan or <a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> from Turpan, fought a series of successful wars against the Oirats, raided Chinese territory and attempted to seize the western Tarim Basin from the Dughlats, although he was ultimately unsuccessful. In 1503 he traveled west to assist his brother <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a> (1487–1508), the ruler of western Moghulistan in Tashkent, against the Uzbeks under <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shaybani" title="Muhammad Shaybani">Muhammad Shaybani</a>. The brothers were defeated and captured; they were released but Tashkent was seized by the Uzbeks. Ahmad Alaq died soon after and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a> (1503–1545), who captured <a href="/wiki/Hami_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Hami City">Hami</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a>, a Mongol dependency of Ming China, in 1513. Mahmud Khan spent several years trying to regain his authority in Moghulistan; he eventually gave up and submitted to Muhammad Shaybani, who executed him.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of western Moghulistan (the area of modern Kyrgyzstan) were gradually lost to Kyrgyz tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-chris_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chris-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1469-70 Kyrgyz belonging to the Oirat confederacy migrated into the Tian Shan mountains in Moghulistan. The Kyrgyz tribes led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagai_Biy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagai Biy (page does not exist)">Tagai Biy</a> and rebelled against the Moghuls; by 1510–11, they had effectively driven out the Moghuls. However, as late as 1526–27, the Moghul Khan Sultan Said still attempted but failed to return the Kyrgyz to subjugation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mansur Khan's brother <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a> (1514–1533) conquered the western Tarim Basin from <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Abu_Bakr_Dughlat" title="Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat">Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat</a> in 1514 and set himself up in <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a>. Thereafter the Moghulistan khanate was permanently divided, although Sultan Said Khan was nominally a vassal of Mansur Khan in <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>. After Sultan Said Khan's death from high altitude <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">edema</a> in a failed 1533 attack on Tibet<sup id="cite_ref-chris_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chris-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Abdurashid_Khan" title="Abdurashid Khan">Abdurashid Khan</a> (1533–1565), who began his reign by executing a member of the Dughlat family. A nephew of the dead amir, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Muhammad_Haidar_Dughlat" title="Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat">Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat</a> fled to <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> in India and eventually conquered <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, where he wrote a history of the Moghuls. Abdurrashid Khan also fought for control of (western) Moghulistan against the Kirghiz-Kazakhs of the Great Horde, but (western) Moghulistan was ultimately lost; thereafter the Moghuls were largely restricted to possession of the Tarim Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rule_of_the_Khojas">Rule of the Khojas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rule of the Khojas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 25em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">History of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg/75px-Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg/113px-Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg/150px-Wind_Horse_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="font-size:smaller;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Mongolia" title="Category:History of Mongolia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">States</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Mongol khanates</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">IX-X</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khereid">Khereid Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">X-1203</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">XI–XII</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">IX – XII</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">-1204</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">X-1206</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1206-1368</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1271-1368</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1225-1340s</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moghulistan</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1346-1462</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1487-1660?</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1514-1705</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1240-1502</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1256-1335</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chobanids" title="Chobanids">Chobanids</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1335-1357</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jalairid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalairid Sultanate">Jalairid Sultanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1335-1432</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Injuids" title="Injuids">Injuids</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1335-1357</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1368-1691</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1370–1507</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1383-1513</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Four_Oirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Oirat">Four Oirat</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1399-1634</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arghun_dynasty" title="Arghun dynasty">Arghun dynasty</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1479-1599</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> (in India)<div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1526–1857</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Khanate" title="Kalmyk Khanate">Kalmyk Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1630-1731</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Khoshut_Khanate" title="Khoshut Khanate">Khoshut Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1640s-1717</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1634-1758</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogd Khaganate">Bogd Khaganate</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1911-1924</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1924–1992</span></span></div></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">1992-present</span></span></div></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Mongols" title="Template:History of the Mongols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Mongols" title="Template talk:History of the Mongols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Mongols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Mongols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Category:History of Xinjiang">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Xinjiang" title="History of Xinjiang">History of <span class="fn org label">Xinjiang</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg/100px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg/150px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg/200px-Museum_f%C3%BCr_Indische_Kunst_Dahlem_Berlin_Mai_2006_063.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="1774" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Western Regions</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Han Protectorate</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chief_Official_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Chief Official of the Western Regions">Chief Officials</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Liang" title="Former Liang">Former Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Later Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Western Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang" title="Gaochang">Gaochang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouran">Rouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second Turkic Khaganate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval and early modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Tang dynasty in Inner Asia">Tang Protectorates</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">West</a>; <a href="/wiki/Beiting_Protectorate" title="Beiting Protectorate">Beiting</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Qocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Qocho">Kingdom of Qocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia">Yuan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moghulistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Ming ruled Kara Del</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yettishar" title="Yettishar">Yettishar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_under_Qing_rule" title="Xinjiang under Qing rule">Qing rule</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Dzungar_genocide" title="Dzungar genocide">Dzungar genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_reconquest_of_Xinjiang" title="Qing reconquest of Xinjiang">Qing reconquest</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:#000000; background: #eeeeee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Xinjiang Province, Republic of China">Xinjiang Province, Republic of China</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_clique" title="Xinjiang clique">Xinjiang clique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="First East Turkestan Republic">1st East Turkestan Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="Second East Turkestan Republic">2nd East Turkestan Republic</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_Xinjiang_into_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China">Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">Production and Construction Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a> / <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Template:History of Xinjiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Template talk:History of Xinjiang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Xinjiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Xinjiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> (1514–1705) underwent a period of decentralization, with numerous subkhanates springing up with centers at Kashgar, <a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aksu,_Xinjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksu, Xinjiang">Aksu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khotan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khotan">Khotan</a>. </p><p>In the late 16th and 17th centuries power in the Moghul states gradually shifted from the Khans to the <a href="/wiki/Khoja_(Turkestan)" title="Khoja (Turkestan)">khojas</a>, who were influential religious leaders in the 16th century of the <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> order. The Khans increasingly gave up secular power to the <a href="/wiki/Khojijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojijan">khojas</a>, until they were the effectively the governing power in Kashgaria. At the same time the Kyrgyz began to penetrate into Alti-Shahr as well. </p><p>The khojas themselves were divided into two sects: the <a href="/wiki/Aq_Tagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aq Tagh">Aq Taghlik</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kara_Taghlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kara Taghlik (page does not exist)">Kara Taghlik</a>. This situation persisted until the 1670s, when the Moghul khans apparently tried to reassert their authority by expelling the leader of the Aq Taghlik.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1677, Khoja Afaq of the Aq Taghlik fled to Tibet where he asked the 5th Dalai Lama for help to restore his power. The Dalai Lama arranged for the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> who inhabited the lands north of the Yarkent khanate to invade in 1680, and set up puppet rulers in Yarkent.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yashkent Khanate were finally overthrown in the 1705, bringing an end to Chagatayid rule in Central Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kashghar begs and Kyrgyz staged a revolt and seized <a href="/wiki/Akbash_Khan" title="Akbash Khan">Akbash Khan</a> during an assault on Yarkand. The Yarkand begs then asked the Dzungars to intervene, which resulted in the Dzungars defeating the Kyrgyz and putting a total termination to Chagatai rule by installing the Aq Taghlik in Kashgar. They also helped the Aq Taghlik overcome the Kara Taghlik in Yarkand. A short time later, the Moghul kingdom of Turpan and Hami was also conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Zunghar_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Zunghar Khanate">Zunghar Khanate</a>, but the Zunghars were expelled by <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a>. Descendants of the Chagatayid house submitted to the Qing and ruled the <a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a> (1696–1930) as vassals of China until 1930. <a href="/wiki/Maqsud_Shah" title="Maqsud Shah">Maqsud Shah</a> was the last of them, who died in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tarim Basin fell under the overall rule of the Dzungars until it was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Qing" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing">Manchu</a> Emperors of China in the mid-18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chagatai_khans" title="List of Chagatai khans">List of Chagatai khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">List of Mongol states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مغولستان</span>, <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Muğūlistān</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">Моголистан</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">蒙兀儿斯坦</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">蒙兀兒斯坦</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">东察合台汗国</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">東察合台汗國</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dōng Chágětái Hánguó</span></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-<Григорьев-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-<Григорьев_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFГригорьев_А._П.1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Григорьев А. П. (1978). <bdi lang="ru">Монгольская дипломатика XIII-XV вв: чингизидские жалованные грамоты</bdi>. Ленинград: Изд-во Ленинградкого университета. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+XIII-XV+%D0%B2%D0%B2%3A+%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B&rft.place=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4-%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=1978&rft.au=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%90.+%D0%9F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ho-dong" title="Kim Ho-dong">Kim, Hodong</a> (2000). "The Early History of the Moghul Nomads: The Legacy of the Chaghatai Khanate". In Amatai-Preiss, Reuven; Morgan, David (eds.). <i>The Mongol Empire & Its Legacy</i>. Brill. pp. 290, 299, 302–304, 306–307, 310–316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Early+History+of+the+Moghul+Nomads%3A+The+Legacy+of+the+Chaghatai+Khanate&rft.btitle=The+Mongol+Empire+%26+Its+Legacy&rft.pages=290%2C+299%2C+302-304%2C+306-307%2C+310-316&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hodong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, p. 290; n.1 discusses the various names used for this khanate. In addition, Timurid authors pejoratively called the Moghuls <i>Jatah</i>, or "worthless people." Elias, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lach-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lach_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLachVan_Kley1994" class="citation cs2">Lach, Donald F.; Van Kley, Edwin J. (1994), <i>Asia in the Making of Europe</i>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-46734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-46734-4"><bdi>978-0-226-46734-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Making+of+Europe&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-226-46734-4&rft.aulast=Lach&rft.aufirst=Donald+F.&rft.au=Van+Kley%2C+Edwin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span>. Volume III, "A Century of Advance", Book Four, "East Asia", Plate 315. Lach and van Kley's source is Luciano Petech, "La pretesa ambascita di Shah Jahan alla Cina", <i>Revista degli studi orientali</i>, XXVI (1951), 124-127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starr-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2004" class="citation book cs1">Starr, S. Frederick (2004). <i>Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland</i>. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 45–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7656-1317-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7656-1317-4"><bdi>0-7656-1317-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xinjiang%3A+China%27s+Muslim+Borderland&rft.pages=45-47&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7656-1317-4&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=S.+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Uighurs ruled the Uighur Khaganate of Mongolia in the 8th and 9th centuries. The nomadic Mekrin or Bekrin are considered Turco-Mongols.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-<Бартольд-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-<Бартольд_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБартольд_В._В.1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Бартольд В. В. (1968). <bdi lang="ru">Сочинения. Том V. Работы по истории и филологии тюркских и монгольских народов</bdi>. Москва: Наука. pp. 169–170.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+V.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=1968&rft.au=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4+%D0%92.+%D0%92.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_May2016" class="citation book cs1">Timothy May (2016). <i>The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-340-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-340-0"><bdi>978-1-61069-340-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mongol+Empire%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-340-0&rft.au=Timothy+May&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLansdell1894" class="citation book cs1">Lansdell, Henry (1894). <i>Chinese Central Asia; a ride to Little Tibet</i>. Vol. 1. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Central+Asia%3B+a+ride+to+Little+Tibet&rft.pages=318&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Lansdell&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canfield-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canfield_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canfield_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanfield2010" class="citation book cs1">Canfield, Robert Leroy (2010). <i>Ethnicity, Authority, and Power in Central Asia: New Games Great and Small</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnicity%2C+Authority%2C+and+Power+in+Central+Asia%3A+New+Games+Great+and+Small&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Robert+Leroy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gladney-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gladney_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gladney_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGladney2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dru_C._Gladney" title="Dru C. Gladney">Gladney, Dru</a> (2004). "The ethnogenesis of the Uyghur". <i>Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects</i>. University of Chicago press. pp. 213–214, 217.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+ethnogenesis+of+the+Uyghur&rft.btitle=Dislocating+China%3A+Muslims%2C+Minorities%2C+and+Other+Subaltern+Subjects&rft.pages=213-214%2C+217&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gladney&rft.aufirst=Dru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, p. 341</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 343–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, pp. 302–3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After the execution of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Temur" title="Shah Temur">Shah Temur</a> (1358) the Transoxianan Turkic amirs had not bothered to appoint a new puppet khan, meaning that there was not even a shadow khan in the west that could be used to oppose Tughlugh Timur's legitimist claims</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 409–11. For details of the battles between Amir Husayn and Timur for control of Transoxiana, see Manz, Chapter 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim, p. 306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mongolempireitsl0000unse/page/314/mode/2up"><i>textsThe Mongol empire & its legacy</i></a>. Leiden; Boston : Brill. 2000. p. 315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11946-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11946-8"><bdi>978-90-04-11946-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=textsThe+Mongol+empire+%26+its+legacy&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Leiden%3B+Boston+%3A+Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11946-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmongolempireitsl0000unse%2Fpage%2F314%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Upshur-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Upshur_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upshur_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpshurTerryHolokaCassar2011" class="citation book cs1">Upshur, Jiu-Hwa; Terry, Janice J; Holoka, James P; Cassar, George H; Goff, Richard (2011). <i>World History: Before 1600: The Development of Early Civilizations</i>. Vol. 1. Cengage Learning. pp. 431–432.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History%3A+Before+1600%3A+The+Development+of+Early+Civilizations&rft.pages=431-432&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Upshur&rft.aufirst=Jiu-Hwa&rft.au=Terry%2C+Janice+J&rft.au=Holoka%2C+James+P&rft.au=Cassar%2C+George+H&rft.au=Goff%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barthold, "Dughlat", p. 622</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_A._Millward2007" class="citation book cs1">James A. Millward (2007). <i>Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang</i>. Hurst Publishers. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-067-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-067-9"><bdi>978-1-84904-067-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Crossroads%3A+A+History+of+Xinjiang&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Hurst+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-067-9&rft.au=James+A.+Millward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarthold1962" class="citation book cs1">Barthold, V. V. (1962). <i>Four Studies on the History of Central Asia</i>. Brill. p. 149. <q>The town of Aqsu (in Chinese Turkestan) and the region to the west of it were ruled, down to 873/1468-9, by Esen-buqa's son Dost-Muhammad, after whose death Yunus occupied Aqsu.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Studies+on+the+History+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Barthold&rft.aufirst=V.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland</i>. Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. 1898. p. 725. <q>The author of the "Tarikh-i-Rashidi" gives the following chronogram of the death of Dost Muhammad Khan of Aksu: = 877 H. "That pig died."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland&rft.pages=725&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+for+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 491–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, p. 495</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elias, p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Haidar Mirza, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhammad Haidar Mirza, pp. 69–70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822191311/http://www.shanshantours.com/list.asp%3Fid%3D196">"元明两代的鄯善战乱"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanshantours.com/list.asp?id=196">the original</a> on 2019-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%85%83%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E9%84%AF%E5%96%84%E6%88%98%E4%B9%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanshantours.com%2Flist.asp%3Fid%3D196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 495–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chris-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chris_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chris_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoph_Baumer2018" class="citation book cs1">Christoph Baumer (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cemWDwAAQBAJ&dq=mansur+khan+%28r.+1508-43+in+Turfan%29&pg=PT50"><i>History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-867-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-867-5"><bdi>978-1-83860-867-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Central+Asia%2C+The%3A+4-volume+set&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-83860-867-5&rft.au=Christoph+Baumer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcemWDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmansur%2Bkhan%2B%2528r.%2B1508-43%2Bin%2BTurfan%2529%26pg%3DPT50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Hasan_Dani,_Vadim_Mikhaĭlovich_Masson2003" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad Hasan Dani, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich Masson (2003). <i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century</i>. UNESCO. pp. 111–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-103876-1"><bdi>978-92-3-103876-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia%3A+Development+in+contrast%3A+from+the+sixteenth+to+the+mid-nineteenth+century&rft.pages=111-112&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-92-3-103876-1&rft.au=Ahmad+Hasan+Dani%2C+Vadim+Mikha%C4%ADlovich+Masson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 499–500</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 500–1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillward2007" class="citation book cs1">Millward, James A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC"><i>Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. pp. 86–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13924-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13924-3"><bdi>978-0-231-13924-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Crossroads%3A+A+History+of+Xinjiang&rft.pages=86-88&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13924-3&rft.aulast=Millward&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8FVsWq31MtMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdle2003" class="citation cs2">Adle, Chahryar (2003), <i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia 5</i>, p. 193</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia+5&rft.pages=193&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Adle&rft.aufirst=Chahryar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, pp. 527–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elias, pp. 125–26</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moghulistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Millward, James A. <i>Eurasian Crossroads: a History of Xinjiang</i>. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007; London: C. Hurst, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Muhammad_Haidar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza Muhammad Haidar">Mirza Muhammad Haidar</a>. <i>The Tarikh-i-Rashidi: a History of the Moghuls of Central Asia</i>. Trans. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Denison_Ross" title="Edward Denison Ross">Edward Denison Ross</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-86787-02-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-86787-02-X">81-86787-02-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1970" class="citation cs2">Grousset, Rene (1970), <i>Empire of the Steppes</i>, Rutgers University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9"><bdi>0-8135-1304-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+the+Steppes&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8135-1304-9&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoghulistan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Elias, N. Commentary. <i>The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (a History of the Moghuls of Central Asia)</i>. By Mirza Muhammad Haidar. Translated by Edward Denison Ross, edited by N. Elias. London, 1895.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chagatai_Khanate_(List_of_khans)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chagatai_Khanate" title="Template:Chagatai Khanate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chagatai_Khanate" title="Template talk:Chagatai Khanate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chagatai_Khanate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chagatai Khanate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chagatai_Khanate_(List_of_khans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chagatai_khans" title="List of Chagatai khans">List of khans</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Whole</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Western (<a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Eastern (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moghulistan</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai Khan</a> (1226–1242)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qara_H%C3%BCl%C3%ABg%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Qara Hülëgü">Qara Hülëgü</a> (1st. 1242–1246)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yes%C3%BC_M%C3%B6ngke" title="Yesü Möngke">Yesü Möngke</a> (1246–1252)<br /> Qara Hülëgü (2nd. 1252)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Orghana" title="Orghana">Orghana</a></b> (regent) <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Shah_(Chagatai_Khan)" title="Mubarak Shah (Chagatai Khan)">Mubarak Shah</a> (1st. 1252–1260)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Alghu" title="Alghu">Alghu</a> (1260–1266)<br /> Mubarak Shah (2nd. 1266)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ghiyas-ud-din_Baraq" title="Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq">Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq</a> (1266–1270)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Kaidu" title="Kaidu">Kaidu</a></b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Neg%C3%BCbei" title="Negübei">Negübei</a> (1270–1272)<br /> <b>Kaidu</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Buqa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Buqa Temür">Buqa Temür</a> (127?–1282)<br /> <b>Kaidu</b> and <b>Chapar</b> (de facto rulers) <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a> (1282–1306)<br /> Duwa (1306-1307)<br /> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nchek" title="Könchek">Könchek</a> (1307–1308)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Taliqu" title="Taliqu">Taliqu</a> (1308–1309)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a> (1st. 1309–1310)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_I" title="Esen Buqa I">Esen Buqa I</a> (1310–1318)<br /> Kebek (2nd. 1318–1325)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Eljigidey" title="Eljigidey">Eljigidey</a> (1325–1329)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Duwa_Tem%C3%BCr" title="Duwa Temür">Duwa Temür</a> (1329–1330)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a> (1331–1334)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Buzan_(Mongol_khan)" title="Buzan (Mongol khan)">Buzan</a> (1334–1335)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Changshi" title="Changshi">Changshi</a> (1335–1338)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yesun_Temur_(Chagatai_Khanate)" title="Yesun Temur (Chagatai Khanate)">Yesun Temur</a> (1338–1342)<br /> <a href="/wiki/%27Ali-Sultan" title="'Ali-Sultan">'Ali-Sultan</a> (1342)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_ibn_Pulad" title="Muhammad I ibn Pulad">Muhammad I ibn Pulad</a> (1342–1343)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qazan_Khan_ibn_Yasaur" title="Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur">Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur</a> (1343–1346)<br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Amir_Qazaghan" title="Amir Qazaghan">Amir Qazaghan</a></b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Danishmendji" title="Danishmendji">Danishmendji</a> (1346–1348)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Split into Western and Eastern Khanates</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:33%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Amir_Qazaghan" title="Amir Qazaghan">Amir Qazaghan</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_(Chagatai_Khanate)" title="Abdullah (Chagatai Khanate)">Abdullah</a></b> (de facto rulers) <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Qul%C3%AF" title="Bayan Qulï">Bayan Qulï</a> (1348–1358)<br /> <b>Abdullah</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Shah_Temur" title="Shah Temur">Shah Temur</a> (1358)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> (1360–1363)<br /> <b>Amir Husayn</b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a></b> (de facto rulers) <a href="/wiki/Adil-Sultan" title="Adil-Sultan">Adil-Sultan</a> (1363)<br /> <b>Amir Husayn</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Khabul_Shah" title="Khabul Shah">Khabul Shah</a> (1364–1370)<br /> <b>Timur</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Suurgatmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Suurgatmish">Suurgatmish</a> (1370–1384)<br /> <b>Timur</b> (de facto ruler) <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_(Chagatai)" title="Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai)">Sultan Mahmud</a> (1384–1402)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:33%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> (1347–1363)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Khoja" title="Ilyas Khoja">Ilyas Khoja</a> (1363–1368)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Qamar-ud-din_Khan_Dughlat" title="Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat">Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat</a> (1368–1392)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khoja" title="Khizr Khoja">Khizr Khoja</a> (1389–1399)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shams-i-Jahan" title="Shams-i-Jahan">Shams-i-Jahan</a> (1399–1408)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khan_(Khan_of_Moghulistan)" title="Muhammad Khan (Khan of Moghulistan)">Muhammad Khan</a> (1408–1415)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-i-Jahan" title="Naqsh-i-Jahan">Naqsh-i-Jahan</a> (1415–1418)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Uwais_Khan" title="Uwais Khan">Uwais Khan</a> (1st. 1418–1421)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sher_Muhammad" title="Sher Muhammad">Sher Muhammad</a> (1421–1425)<br /> Uwais Khan (2nd. 1425–1429)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Satuq_Khan" title="Satuq Khan">Satuq Khan</a> (1429–1434)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Esen_Buqa_II" title="Esen Buqa II">Esen Buqa II</a> (1429–1462)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Dost_Muhammad_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Dost Muhammad (Moghul Khan)">Dost Muhammad</a> (1462–1468)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kebek_Sultan" title="Kebek Sultan">Kebek Sultan</a> (1469–1472)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Yunus_Khan" title="Yunus Khan">Yunus Khan</a> (1456–1487)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Split into Western and Eastern Khanates. See also:</i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_khans_of_the_Yarkent_and_Turpan_khanates" title="List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates">List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates</a></i></dd></dl> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Western (<a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a>)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Eastern (<a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mahmud Khan</a> (1487–1508)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a> (1508–1514)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Said_Khan" title="Sultan Said Khan">Sultan Said Khan</a> (1514–1533)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abdurashid_Khan" title="Abdurashid Khan">Abdurashid Khan</a> (1533–1560)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Khan_(Yarkand)" title="Abdul Karim Khan (Yarkand)">Abdul Karim Khan</a> (1560-1591)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sultan" title="Muhammad Sultan">Muhammad Sultan</a> (1591–1610)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shudja_ad_Din_Ahmad_Khan" title="Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan">Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan</a> (1610-1618)<br /> Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan (1618–1630)<br /> Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) (1630-1633)<br /> Mahmud Sultan (Qilich Khan) (1633–1636)<br /> Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) (1636-1638)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Abdallah (Moghul Khan)">Abdallah</a> (1638–1669)<br /> Nur ad-Din Sultan (1667-1668)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Khan_(Moghul_khan)" title="Ismail Khan (Moghul khan)">Ismail Khan</a> (1st. 1669)<br /> YuIbars Khan (1669–1670)<br /> Ismail Khan (2nd. 1670-1678)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rashid_Khan_II" title="Abd ar-Rashid Khan II">Abd ar-Rashid Khan II</a> (1678–1680)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja" title="Afaq Khoja">Afaq Khoja</a> (1680–1690)<br /> Muhammad Imin Khan (1690-1692)<br /> Yahiya Khoja (1692–1695)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Akbash_Khan" title="Akbash Khan">Akbash Khan</a> (1695-1705)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Alaq" title="Ahmad Alaq">Ahmad Alaq</a> (1487–1503)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Khan_(Moghul_Khan)" title="Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)">Mansur Khan</a> (1503–1548)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shah_Khan" title="Shah Khan">Shah Khan</a> (1543–1560)<br /> Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan (1570)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Koraish_Sultan" title="Koraish Sultan">Koraish Sultan</a> (1570–1588)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sultan" title="Muhammad Sultan">Muhammad Sultan</a> (1588–1591)<br /> Abduraim Khan (1591-1636)<br /> Abu'l Muhammad Khan (1636-1653)<br /> Ibrahim Sultan (1653–1655)<br /> Sultan Said Baba Khan (1655–1680)<br /> </p> <ul><li><i>Annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" title="Template:Historical polities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Historical polities in Xinjiang (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical polities in Xinjiang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_polities_in_Xinjiang" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical polities in Xinjiang</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Pre-Mongol Empire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wusun" title="Wusun">Wusun</a> (5th century BC–5th century AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shule_Kingdom" title="Shule Kingdom">Shule Kingdom</a> (200 BC-709 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loulan_Kingdom" title="Loulan Kingdom">Loulan Kingdom</a> (?–77 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Protectorate of the Western Regions</a> (60 BC–107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jushi_Kingdom" title="Jushi Kingdom">Jushi Kingdom</a> (?-460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanshan" title="Shanshan">Shanshan</a> (77 BC–630)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang" title="Gaochang">Gaochang</a> (460-640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucha" title="Kucha">Kucha</a> (?–789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasahr" title="Karasahr">Yanqi</a> (?–9th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a> (?–1006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">Protectorate General to Pacify the West</a> (640-790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a> (840–1212)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qocho" title="Qocho">Qocho</a> (843–1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a> (1124–1218)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mongol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> (1225–1370)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moghulistan</a> (1347–1680s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a> (1389–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a> (1487-1660?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a> (1514–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> (1634–1758)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a> (1696–1930)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_under_Qing_rule" title="Xinjiang under Qing rule">Xinjiang under Qing rule</a> (1757-1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Xinjiang Province, Republic of China">Xinjiang (ROC)</a> (1912-1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Uygur_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region">Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</a> (1949-)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Xinjiang_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xinjiang_topics" title="Template:Xinjiang topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xinjiang_topics" title="Template talk:Xinjiang topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xinjiang_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xinjiang topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xinjiang_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Xinjiang" title="History of Xinjiang">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocharians" title="Tocharians">Tocharians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Protectorate of the Western Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Official_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Chief Official of the Western Regions">Chief Official of the Western Regions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang" title="Gaochang">Gaochang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a>: <a href="/wiki/First_Turkic_Khaganate" title="First Turkic Khaganate">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Eastern Turkic Khaganate">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Second Turkic Khaganate">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_General_to_Pacify_the_West" title="Protectorate General to Pacify the West">Protectorate General to Pacify the West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Garrisons_of_Anxi" title="Four Garrisons of Anxi">Four Garrisons of Anxi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiting_Protectorate" title="Beiting Protectorate">Beiting Protectorate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qocho" title="Qocho">Qocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_settlement_of_the_Tarim_Basin" title="Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin">Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moghulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Del" title="Kara Del">Kara Del</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Khanate" title="Turpan Khanate">Turpan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkent_Khanate" title="Yarkent Khanate">Yarkent Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_Khanate" title="Dzungar Khanate">Dzungar Khanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_conquest_of_Altishahr" title="Dzungar conquest of Altishahr">Dzungar conquest of Altishahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar%E2%80%93Qing_Wars" title="Dzungar–Qing Wars">Dzungar–Qing Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_genocide" title="Dzungar genocide">Dzungar genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_under_Qing_rule" title="Xinjiang under Qing rule">Qing rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Altishahr_Khojas" title="Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas">Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afaqi_Khoja_revolts" title="Afaqi Khoja revolts">Afaqi Khoja revolts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_War_of_the_Seven_Khojas" title="Holy War of the Seven Khojas">Holy War of the Seven Khojas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_Ili" title="General of Ili">General of Ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_reconquest_of_Xinjiang" title="Qing reconquest of Xinjiang">Reconquest of Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Wars" title="Xinjiang Wars">Xinjiang Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="First East Turkestan Republic">First East Turkestan Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_East_Turkestan_Republic" title="Second East Turkestan Republic">Second East Turkestan Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incorporation_of_Xinjiang_into_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China">PRC incorporation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Xinjiang" title="Category:Geography of Xinjiang">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China#Xinjiang" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junggar_Basin" title="Junggar Basin">Junggar Basin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southern_Xinjiang" title="Southern Xinjiang">Southern Xinjiang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbant%C3%BCngg%C3%BCt_Desert" title="Gurbantünggüt Desert">Gurbantünggüt Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumtag_Desert" title="Kumtag Desert">Kumtag Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert" title="Taklamakan Desert">Taklamakan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Depression" title="Turpan Depression">Turpan Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Mountains" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou%E2%80%93Xinjiang_railway" title="Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway">Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Xinjiang" title="List of universities and colleges in Xinjiang">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_University" title="Xinjiang University">Xinjiang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Agricultural_University" title="Xinjiang Agricultural University">Xinjiang Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Medical_University" title="Xinjiang Medical University">Xinjiang Medical University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang#Culture" title="Xinjiang">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Doppa_Cultural_Festival" title="Uyghur Doppa Cultural Festival">Doppa Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Xinjiang" title="Music of Xinjiang">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshrep" title="Meshrep">Meshrep gathering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_clothing" title="Tocharian clothing">Tocharian clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dapanji" title="Dapanji">Dapanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandyr_nan" title="Tandyr nan">Nan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangza" title="Sangza">Sangza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youtazi" title="Youtazi">Youtazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamirdin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamirdin">Pamirdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Xurpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Tunurkawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese Islamic cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_cotton_industry" title="Xinjiang cotton industry">Cotton industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaq_Khoja_Mausoleum" title="Afaq Khoja Mausoleum">Apak Khoja and Xiang Fei Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Mountains" title="Flaming Mountains">Flaming Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe_ruins" title="Jiaohe ruins">Jiaohe ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaochang" title="Gaochang">Gaochang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar_(%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi)" title="Grand Bazaar (Ürümqi)">Grand Bazaar, Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Id_Kah_Mosque" title="Id Kah Mosque">Id Kah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakul_(Xinjiang)" title="Karakul (Xinjiang)">Karakul Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizil_Caves" title="Kizil Caves">Kizil Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niya_ruins" title="Niya ruins">Niya ruins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_unrest" title="1989 Ürümqi unrest">1989 Ürümqi unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barin_uprising" title="Barin uprising">Barin uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_bombings" title="1992 Ürümqi bombings">1992 Ürümqi bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulja_incident" title="Ghulja incident">Ghulja incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_bus_bombings" title="1997 Ürümqi bus bombings">1997 Ürümqi bus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Xinjiang_raid" title="2007 Xinjiang raid">2007 Xinjiang raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Uyghur_unrest" title="2008 Uyghur unrest">2008 Uyghur unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kashgar_attack" title="2008 Kashgar attack">2008 Kashgar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan_incident" title="Shaoguan incident">Shaoguan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots" title="July 2009 Ürümqi riots">July 2009 Ürümqi riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Xinjiang_unrest" title="September 2009 Xinjiang unrest">September 2009 Xinjiang unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Aksu_bombing" title="2010 Aksu bombing">2010 Aksu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Hotan_attack" title="2011 Hotan attack">2011 Hotan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kashgar_attacks" title="2011 Kashgar attacks">2011 Kashgar attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pishan_hostage_crisis" title="Pishan hostage crisis">Pishan hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Yecheng_attack" title="2012 Yecheng attack">2012 Yecheng attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Airlines_Flight_7554" title="Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554">Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2013_Bachu_unrest" title="April 2013 Bachu unrest">April 2013 Bachu unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2013_Shanshan_riots" title="June 2013 Shanshan riots">June 2013 Shanshan riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Tiananmen_Square_attack" title="2013 Tiananmen Square attack">2013 Tiananmen Square attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kunming_attack" title="2014 Kunming attack">2014 Kunming attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_China%E2%80%93Vietnam_border_shootout" title="2014 China–Vietnam border shootout">2014 China–Vietnam border shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2014_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_attack" title="April 2014 Ürümqi attack">April 2014 Ürümqi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2014_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_attack" title="May 2014 Ürümqi attack">May 2014 Ürümqi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Juma_Tayir" title="Assassination of Juma Tayir">Assassination of Juma Tayir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amursana" title="Amursana">Amursana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingrui" title="Mingrui">Mingrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir_Khoja" title="Jahangir Khoja">Jahangir Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakub_Beg_of_Yettishar" title="Yakub Beg of Yettishar">Yaqub Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuo_Zongtang" title="Zuo Zongtang">Zuo Zongtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zengxin" title="Yang Zengxin">Yang Zengxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Shuren" title="Jin Shuren">Jin Shuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabit_Damolla" title="Sabit Damolla">Sabit Damolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng_Shicai" title="Sheng Shicai">Sheng Shicai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehmetjan_Qasim" title="Ehmetjan Qasim">Ehmetjan Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebiya_Kadeer" title="Rebiya Kadeer">Rebiya Kadeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Bekri" title="Nur Bekri">Nur Bekri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhi_(politician)" title="Li Zhi (politician)">Li Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Lequan" title="Wang Lequan">Wang Lequan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunxian" title="Zhang Chunxian">Zhang Chunxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilham_Tohti" title="Ilham Tohti">Ilham Tohti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Hudayar" title="Salih Hudayar">Salih Hudayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattar_Sawut" title="Sattar Sawut">Sattar Sawut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirzat_Bawudun" title="Shirzat Bawudun">Shirzat Bawudun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Osman_Yaghma" title="Ghulam Osman Yaghma">Ghulam Osman Yaghma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahile_Dawut" title="Rahile Dawut">Rahile Dawut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_to_Xinjiang" title="Migration to Xinjiang">Migration to Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkistan_Government_in_Exile" title="East Turkistan Government in Exile">East Turkistan Government in Exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkistan_National_Awakening_Movement" title="East Turkistan National Awakening Movement">East Turkistan National Awakening Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">Independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Uyghur_Congress" title="World Uyghur Congress">World Uyghur Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations" title="China–Kazakhstan relations">China–Kazakhstan relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations" title="China–Kyrgyzstan relations">China–Kyrgyzstan relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="China–Pakistan relations">China–Pakistan relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">China–Turkey relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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