CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="be" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Марцін Райл — Вікіпедыя</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )bewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","студзень","люты","сакавік","красавік","Май","чэрвень","ліпень","жнівень","верасень","кастрычнік","лістапад","снежань"],"wgRequestId":"64698e88-5f69-4a9f-96a8-7ac146607ef7","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Марцін_Райл","wgTitle":"Марцін Райл","wgCurRevisionId":3764270,"wgRevisionId":3764270,"wgArticleId":158525,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Старонкі, якія ўжываюць пашырэнне JsonConfig","Вікіпедыя:Артыкулы з крыніцамі з Вікіданых","Вікіпедыя:Артыкулы са спасылкамі на элементы Вікіданых без беларускага подпісу", "Артыкулы пра вучоных без партрэтаў","Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю без нумароў старонак","Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю з назвай артыкула","Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю з аўтарам","Старонкі, на якіх ужыты чароўныя спасылкі ISBN","Нарадзіліся 27 верасня","Нарадзіліся ў 1918 годзе","Нарадзіліся ў Брайтане","Памерлі 14 кастрычніка","Памерлі ў 1984 годзе","Памерлі ў Кембрыджы","Вучоныя Кембрыджскага ўніверсітэта","Выпускнікі Трыніці-каледжа (Кембрыдж)","Выпускнікі Оксфардскага ўніверсітэта", "Члены Леапальдзіны","Члены Лонданскага каралеўскага таварыства","Члены Папскай акадэміі навук","Члены Амерыканскай акадэміі мастацтваў і навук","Члены АН СССР","Члены і члены-карэспандэнты Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук ЗША","Рыцары-бакалаўры","Лаўрэаты Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы","Узнагароджаныя Каралеўскім медалём","Лаўрэаты прэміі Хольвека","Узнагароджаныя медалём Х’юза","Узнагароджаныя медалём Генры Дрэйпера","Узнагароджаныя залатым медалём Каралеўскага астранамічнага таварыства","Асобы","Вучоныя паводле алфавіта", "Астраномы Вялікабрытаніі"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"be","wgPageContentLanguage":"be","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Марцін_Райл","wgRelevantArticleId":158525,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":3764270,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"be","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"be"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q190766","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.navboxNavigation","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.Statistics","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=be&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=be&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=be&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Марцін Райл — Вікіпедыя"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//be.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Правіць" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Вікіпедыя (be)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//be.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.be"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Вікіпедыя струмень Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Марцін_Райл rootpage-Марцін_Райл skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Перайсці да зместу</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Галоўнае меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Галоўнае меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Галоўнае меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навігацыя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Адкрыць Галоўную старонку [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Галоўная старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пра праект, чым можна заняцца, дзе што шукаць"><span>Супольнасць</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChanges" title="Пералік нядаўніх змяненняў у віксе. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Біяграфічныя_звесткі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Біяграфічныя_звесткі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Біяграфічныя звесткі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Біяграфічныя_звесткі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зноскі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зноскі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Зноскі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зноскі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Літаратура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Літаратура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Літаратура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Марцін Райл</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 71 мове." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 мова</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="مارتين رايل – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارتين رايل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="مارتين رايل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارتين رايل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مارتین رایل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارتین رایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Мартин Райл – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мартин Райл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2" title="মার্টিন রাইল – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্টিন রাইল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Μάρτιν Ράιλ – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάρτιν Ράιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مارتین رایل – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارتین رایل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – ірландская" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – шатландская гэльская" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шатландская гэльская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C" title="מרטין רייל – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרטין רייל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2" title="मार्टिन राइल – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मार्टिन राइल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – гаіцянская крэольская" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаіцянская крэольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC" title="Մարտին Ռայլ – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարտին Ռայլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – іда" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="іда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="マーティン・ライル – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーティン・ライル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Мартин Райл – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мартин Райл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%BC" title="마틴 라일 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마틴 라일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Ryle" title="Martinus Ryle – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Martinus Ryle" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – люксембургская" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martins_Rails" title="Martins Rails – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Martins Rails" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB" title="Мартин Рајл – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мартин Рајл" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BD" title="മാർട്ടിൻ റൈൽ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാർട്ടിൻ റൈൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2" title="मार्टिन राइल – маратхі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मार्टिन राइल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مارتین رایل – мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مارتین رایل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2" title="मार्टिन राइल – неўары" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मार्टिन राइल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неўары" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="مارٹن رائل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مارٹن رائل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Райл, Мартин – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Райл, Мартин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Мартин Райл – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мартин Райл" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2" title="मार्टिन राइल – санскрыт" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मार्टिन राइल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB" title="Мартин Рајл – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мартин Рајл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மார்ட்டின் இரைல் – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மார்ட்டின் இரைல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Мартин Райл – татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мартин Райл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Мартін Райл – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мартін Райл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مارٹن ریل – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مارٹن ریل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – узбекская" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·赖尔 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马丁·赖尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მარტინ რაილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარტინ რაილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – ёруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·赖尔 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马丁·赖尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Martin Ryle" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%94%B0%E8%B3%B4%E5%A5%A7" title="馬田賴奧 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬田賴奧" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190766#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Паказаць уласна змест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Старонка</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Размовы пра змест гэтай старонкі (няма такой старонкі) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Змяніць моўны варыянт" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Віды"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=history" title="Ранейшыя версіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструменты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструменты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеянні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:WhatLinksHere/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Спіс вікістаронак, якія спасылаюцца сюды [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Сюды спасылаюцца</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" rel="nofollow" title="Нядаўнія змены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Звязаныя праўкі</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:SpecialPages" title="Пералік усіх адмысловых старонак [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Адмысловыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&oldid=3764270" title="Нязменная спасылка на гэтую версію гэтай старонкі"><span>Нязменная спасылка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=info" title="Больш звестак пра гэту старонку"><span>Звесткі пра старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&id=3764270&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Інфармацыя пра тое, як цытаваць гэтую старонку"><span>Цытаваць гэту старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BB"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190766" title="Спасылка на звязаны элемент рэпазітара даных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Вікіданых</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox-de6f6ee037d11f2c vcard" style="width: 23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above fn" style="">Марцін Райл</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="nickname" style="text-align:center; font-style: normal"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$0690d885-476d-598e-1930-c5d08023028d" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1559[LANGUAGE!:BE][LANGUAGE!:BE-X-OLD]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова">англ.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="en">Martin Ryle</span></span></span></td></tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Дата нараджэння</span></th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P569" class="no-wikidata"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q190766$8A1D323A-E734-45D0-A275-30B079D969A2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P569"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/27_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="27 верасня">27 верасня</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-09-27</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_76ee0498a97c6a40_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_76ee0498a97c6a40-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_d6ddd3c51537aecd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_d6ddd3c51537aecd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190766#P569" class="extiw" title="d:Q190766">[…]</a></sup></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Месца нараджэння</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$88C2924E-CA40-4A7F-A374-802F46CBEA53" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P19"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Брайтан">Брайтан</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%96_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%B2" title="Брайтан і Хоўв">Брайтан і Хоўв</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Усходні Сусекс</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23293" class="extiw" title="d:Q23293">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вялікабрытанія">Вялікабрытанія</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Дата смерці</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P570" class="no-wikidata"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q190766$108D1970-F01A-47FF-B8A8-F435A7D51649" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P570"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/14_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="14 кастрычніка">14 кастрычніка</a> <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1984-10-14</span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-_d6ddd3c51537aecd_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_d6ddd3c51537aecd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-_d47b8f607bbdf582_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_d47b8f607bbdf582-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190766#P570" class="extiw" title="d:Q190766">[…]</a></sup> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(66 гадоў)</span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Месца смерці</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$BE7D0C43-F945-483E-8D3C-4B5EE27BD7D4" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P20"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кембрыдж">Кембрыдж</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">акруга Кембрыдж</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21713103" class="extiw" title="d:Q21713103">[d]</a></sup></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="iw" data-title="Кембрыджшыр">Кембрыджшыр<sup class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21272276?uselang=be">[d]</a></sup></span></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Кембрыджшыр">Кембрыджшыр</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Англія">Англія</a></span>, <span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вялікабрытанія">Вялікабрытанія</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Грамадзянства</th> <td class="adr plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q190766$3E72CC36-C2DC-4016-A19F-18F9E7654857" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P27"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вялікабрытанія">Вялікабрытанія</a></span></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Бацька</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$99beb37c-155f-4a55-bd7c-722fcce32a13" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P22"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John+Ryle&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">John Ryle</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15514594" class="extiw" title="d:Q15514594">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_3a6331b2a64c79d0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_3a6331b2a64c79d0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Род дзейнасці</th> <td class="note plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$EBA3BC3A-6FBE-441C-A7D6-76295631D17A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P106"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Астраном">астраном</a></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$0D1D6B97-2BDA-4DCF-8486-7368CDABC342" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P106"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Фізік">фізік</a></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$AA2AA82B-D9FC-4B29-BAC4-22F42176119A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P106"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Астрафізіка">астрафізік</a></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$075F416D-E365-482B-8321-D46EDD1BEA89" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P106"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Даследчык">даследчык</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Навуковая сфера</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$873ED109-7196-4BAB-8E49-F35DB17B1FC9" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P101"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія">астраномія</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Месца працы</th> <td class="org plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$ab6d7b37-ae43-4ad4-be2f-edc908ee628b" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P108"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Кембрыджскі ўніверсітэт">Кембрыджскі ўніверсітэт</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Альма-матар</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$91620F79-8B23-40C9-81D4-729C794BF3AD" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Крайст-Чорч</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745967" class="extiw" title="d:Q745967">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$8EA2DC44-C455-498F-97DE-494DDC8FBB58" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6)" title="Трыніці-каледж (Кембрыдж)">Трыніці-каледж</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$10455A3F-B454-4696-B9F9-68392D2608CF" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bradfield+College&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Bradfield College</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4954524" class="extiw" title="d:Q4954524">[d]</a></sup></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$332bf7d0-3710-4aeb-96a5-50e4c30ade81" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Оксфардскі ўніверсітэт">Оксфардскі ўніверсітэт</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_736e502e1913cbea_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_736e502e1913cbea-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Навуковы кіраўнік</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$620F3F5E-5E66-4926-A0B4-45416C80C30D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P184"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.+A.+Ratcliffe&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">J. A. Ratcliffe</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6104536" class="extiw" title="d:Q6104536">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Член у</th> <td class="note plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$B0627C02-270C-4685-9B4E-27281B221FE2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Леапальдзіна">Леапальдзіна</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_0bc90f2a9239fcd8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_0bc90f2a9239fcd8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$314DB765-F789-4B51-96D8-4E7476025196" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лонданскае каралеўскае таварыства">Лонданскае каралеўскае таварыства</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$8A84D493-872C-4636-A96D-8228E332A284" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Папская акадэмія навук">Папская акадэмія навук</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_ea27f1a1f6476b99_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_ea27f1a1f6476b99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$11F6E27F-FDE4-4E2D-AFEE-839D46DB7FB5" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Амерыканская акадэмія мастацтваў і навук">Амерыканская акадэмія мастацтваў і навук</a></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$FDEC3A89-5E72-476A-B569-200D64D8DC7D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="iw" data-title="Акадэмія навук СССР">Акадэмія навук СССР<sup class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370801?uselang=be">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></li><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$D173463E-DE2D-4649-9FB0-5F79373DAA42" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P463"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Нацыянальная акадэмія навук ЗША">Нацыянальная акадэмія навук ЗША</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Узнагароды</th> <td class="plainlist"> <div style="text-align:justify"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$0A10017F-AE54-42F1-9455-E04FB877BE16"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80" title="рыцар-бакалаўр"><img alt="рыцар-бакалаўр" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/200px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Knight_Bachelor_medal_%28UK%29.svg/57px-200px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Knight_Bachelor_medal_%28UK%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="57" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/200px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Knight_Bachelor_medal_%28UK%29.svg/87px-200px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Knight_Bachelor_medal_%28UK%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/200px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Knight_Bachelor_medal_%28UK%29.svg/114px-200px_ribbon_bar_of_the_Knight_Bachelor_medal_%28UK%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$40e2d6a1-4d3a-e023-7847-78965dda9711"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы"><img alt="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/17px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/26px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/34px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$94218731-2B5A-4790-973D-712EC19482C7"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="iw" data-title="член Лонданскага каралеўскага таварыства">член Лонданскага каралеўскага таварыства<sup class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15631401?uselang=be">[d]</a></sup></span></p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$00C35AF3-720C-4879-A89C-63AC60D2F52D"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Каралеўскі медаль</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746756" class="extiw" title="d:Q746756">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1973</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$CF23B8CA-44C4-42F7-9AE4-A5AB47228780"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Медаль Альберта Майкельсана</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11395829" class="extiw" title="d:Q11395829">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1971</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$37C0AF01-917C-4CB1-9554-78DFC7EE6165"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander+Popov+Gold+Medal&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Alexander Popov Gold Medal</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4193242" class="extiw" title="d:Q4193242">[d]</a></sup></p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$DDEEC563-FEE0-43A9-BD61-39F87A263F0E"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">прэмія Хольвека</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615585" class="extiw" title="d:Q615585">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1965</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$E95881B6-4776-4893-9732-E81F82618F64"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A5%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Медаль Х’юза">медаль Х’юза</a> (<span class="nowrap">1954</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$ABB41BE9-6FA7-40D7-AC58-A7A0A0879C34"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">медаль Генры Дрэйпера</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746633" class="extiw" title="d:Q746633">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1965</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$349C28D7-CC17-4213-939F-929CE38C78E2"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8F&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Медаль Фарадэя</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396110" class="extiw" title="d:Q1396110">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1971</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$9C339EEE-3143-4316-AC1B-FB7C952084EC"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753072" title="залаты медаль Каралеўскага астранамічнага таварыства"><img alt="залаты медаль Каралеўскага астранамічнага таварыства" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/40px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/60px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/80px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$784C8A92-1A5C-4250-AD5B-5879006297AE"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Медаль Кэтрын Брус">медаль Кэтрын Брус</a> (<span class="nowrap">1974</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$F1A3F8F2-649B-4621-8C5A-11E203A33EF0"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Прэмія Морыса Лібмана</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576885" class="extiw" title="d:Q576885">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1971</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$BB5EC7EC-A4F0-4485-B174-D760BAC2E6C2"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">межаль Бейкера Каралеўскага таварыства</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109595718" class="extiw" title="d:Q109595718">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1958</span>)</p></span></span> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P166[!STATEMENT:P31{Q378427}][!STATEMENT:P31{Q5257307}]" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q190766$9CCACB5E-C329-45BF-B1EC-B9F8E76BA382"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><p style="text-align:left"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guthrie+Lecture&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Guthrie Lecture</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61577006" class="extiw" title="d:Q61577006">[d]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap">1964</span>)</p></span></span></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Марцін Райл</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова">англ.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="en">Sir Martin Ryle</span>; <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/27_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="27 верасня">27 верасня</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Брайтан">Брайтан</a> — <a href="/wiki/14_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="14 кастрычніка">14 кастрычніка</a> <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кембрыдж">Кембрыдж</a>) — брытанскі радыёастраном, аўтар навуковых прац па вывучэнні радыёвыпрамянення Сонца, ідэнтыфікацыі квазараў, статыстычным аналізе радыёкрыніц у Сусвеце, касмалогіі. Член Лонданскага каралеўскага таварыства (1952), Нацыянальнай АН ЗША (1975). Замежны член Каралеўскай Дацкай акадэміі навук і літаратуры (1968), Амерыканскай акадэміі мастацтваў і навук (1970), АН СССР (1971). Лаўрэат <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы</a> (1974), сумесна з <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A5%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%96%D1%88" title="Энтані Х’юіш">Энтані Х’юішам</a> «за піянерскія даследаванні ў галіне радыёфізікі». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Біяграфічныя_звесткі"><span id=".D0.91.D1.96.D1.8F.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.96.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.8F_.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Біяграфічныя звесткі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Біяграфічныя звесткі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Біяграфічныя звесткі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Скончыў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Оксфардскі ўніверсітэт">Оксфардскі ўніверсітэт</a> (1939). З 1945 года ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Кембрыджскі ўніверсітэт">Кембрыджскім універсітэце</a> (з 1957 прафесар), у 1957—1982 дырэктар Малардскай радыёастранамічнай абсерваторыі. У 1972—1982 на пасадзе Каралеўскага астранома. </p><p>У 1946 годзе Райл і Вонберг упершыню апублікавалі інтэрфераметрычныя вымярэнні астранамічных аб’ектаў у радыёдыяпазоне, хоць часам сцвярджаецца, што першыя падобныя вымярэння зрабіў у тым жа годзе Джозеф Поўсі ў Сіднейскім універсітэце. Удасканаліўшы абсталяванне, Райл змог выявіць самыя аддаленыя вядомыя на той момант галактыкі ў сусвеце. </p><p>Пры дапамозе пабудаванага ім двухантэннага радыётэлескопа даследаваў вялікі ўчастак неба і адкрыў 5 тыс. радыёкрыніц (1957). Прапанаваў метад апертурнага сінтэзу. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зноскі"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Зноскі</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_76ee0498a97c6a40-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_76ee0498a97c6a40_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q3331189" data-entity-id="Q17378135">Райл Мартин // <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" class="extiw" title="ru:Большая советская энциклопедия (третье издание)">Большая советская энциклопедия</a>: [в 30 т.]<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> / под ред. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Аляксандр Міхайлавіч Прохараў">А. М. Прохорова</a> — 3-е изд. — <span title="Москва" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">М.</span>: <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" class="extiw" title="ru:Большая российская энциклопедия (издательство)">Советская энциклопедия</a>, 1969.</span> <small>Праверана 28 верасня 2015.</small></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737</a>"></a><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_d6ddd3c51537aecd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-_d6ddd3c51537aecd_2-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-_d6ddd3c51537aecd_2-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q13136" data-entity-id="Q237227"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" class="extiw" title="de:s:Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Martin Ryle</a> // Brockhaus Enzyklopädie<span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span> <small>Праверана 9 кастрычніка 2017.</small></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_d47b8f607bbdf582-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_d47b8f607bbdf582_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q47461344" data-entity-id="Q1789619"><i class="wef_low_priority_links"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalibor_Brozovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="hr:Dalibor Brozović">Brozović D.</a>, <a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomislav_Ladan" class="extiw" title="hr:Tomislav Ladan">Ladan T.</a></i> Martin Ryle // <a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" class="extiw" title="hr:Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — <a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksikografski_zavod_Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa" class="extiw" title="hr:Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža">LZMK</a>, 1999. — 9272 с.</span></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1264934">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1264934</a>"></a><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q429032">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q429032</a>"></a><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18446">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18446</a>"></a><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1789619">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1789619</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_3a6331b2a64c79d0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_3a6331b2a64c79d0_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q4830453 citetype_Q33270324 citetype_Q75050 citetype_Q3220391 citetype_Q7094076" data-entity-id="Q2621214">Geni.com<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 2006.</span></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2621214">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2621214</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_736e502e1913cbea-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-_736e502e1913cbea_5-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-_736e502e1913cbea_5-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q7094076 citetype_Q33002955 citetype_Q114955954" data-entity-id="Q829984">Матэматычная генеалогія<span class="wef_low_priority_links"> — 1997.</span></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q829984">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q829984</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_0bc90f2a9239fcd8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_0bc90f2a9239fcd8_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Mitglieder/CV_Ryle_Martin_D.pdf">https://www.leopoldina.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Mitglieder/CV_Ryle_Martin_D.pdf</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div style="display:none"></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_ea27f1a1f6476b99-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_ea27f1a1f6476b99_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q35127" data-entity-id="Q106982426">www.pas.va<span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q106982426">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q106982426</a>"></a></div></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Літаратура"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Літаратура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Літаратура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Літаратура"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБелЭн2001"><i>Касцюкевіч М. М.</i> Райл // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Беларуская энцыклапедыя">Беларуская энцыклапедыя</a>: У 18 т. Т. 13: Праміле — Рэлаксін / Рэдкал.: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Генадзь Пятровіч Пашкоў">Г. П. Пашкоў</a> і інш. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Мінск">Мн.</span> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі">БелЭн</a>, 2001. — Т. 13. — 576 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851100358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0035-8</a>. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851102164" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0216-4</a> (т. 13).</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Лаўрэаты_Нобелеўскай_прэміі_па_фізіцы_ў_1951—1975_гадах" data-name="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1951—1975" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist hlist-items-nowrap collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1951%E2%80%941975" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Лаўрэаты_Нобелеўскай_прэміі_па_фізіцы_ў_1951—1975_гадах" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em">Лаўрэаты <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы</a> ў 1951—1975 гадах</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82" title="Джон Дуглас Кокрафт">Кокрафт</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эрнест Томас Сінтан Уолтан">Уолтан</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Фелікс Блох">Блох</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Эдвард Мілс Пёрсел">Пёрсел</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86_%D0%A6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Фрыц Цэрніке">Цэрніке</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Макс Борн">Борн</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Вальтэр Ботэ">Ботэ</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Уіліс Юджын Лэмб">Лэмб</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88" title="Палікарп Куш">Куш</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Уільям Брэдфард Шоклі">Шоклі</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Джон Бардзін">Бардзін</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Уолтэр Хаўзер Братэйн">Братэйн</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Янг Чжэньнін">Янг</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Лі Цзундаа">Лі</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Павел Аляксеевіч Чаранкоў">Чаранкоў</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Ілья Міхайлавіч Франк">Франк</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%AF%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ігар Яўгенавіч Там">Там</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Эміліа Джына Сегрэ">Сегрэ</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%9E%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Оўэн Чэмберлен">Чэмберлен</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дональд Артур Глазер">Глазер</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Роберт Хофштатэр">Хофштатэр</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Рудольф Людвіг Мёсбаўэр">Мёсбаўэр</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Леў Давідавіч Ландау">Ландау</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Юджын Вігнер">Вігнер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Марыя Гёперт-Маер">Гёперт-Маер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Іаганес Ганс Даніэль Енсен">Енсен</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Хард Таўнс">Таўнс</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Мікалай Генадзевіч Басаў">Басаў</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Аляксандр Міхайлавіч Прохараў">Прохараў</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%E2%80%99%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Сін’ітыра Таманага">Таманага</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джуліян Швінгер">Швінгер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рычард Філіпс Фейнман">Фейнман</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Альфрэд Кастлер">Кастлер</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Ханс Альбрэхт Бетэ">Бетэ</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Луіс Уолтэр Альварэс">Альварэс</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мюрэй Гел-Ман">Гел-Ман</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ханес Альфвен">Альфвен</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%AD%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Луі Эжэн Фелікс Неель">Неель</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дэніс Габар">Габар</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Джон Бардзін">Бардзін</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леон Нейл Купер">Купер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джон Роберт Шрыфер">Шрыфер</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Леа Эсакі">Эсакі</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Айвар Джаевер">Джаевер</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Браян Дэйвід Джозефсан">Джозефсан</a> (1973)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Райл</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A5%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%96%D1%88" title="Энтані Х’юіш">Х’юіш</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Оге Нільс Бор">О. Бор</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бенжамін Мотэльсан">Мотэльсан</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Леа Джэймс Рэйнуотэр">Рэйнуотэр</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы">Поўны пералік</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1901%E2%80%941925" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1901—1925">(1901—1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1926%E2%80%941950" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1926—1950">(1926—1950)</a></li> <li><b>(1951—1975)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_1976%E2%80%942000" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 1976—2000">(1976—2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B_2001%E2%80%942025" title="Шаблон:Нобелеўская прэмія па фізіцы 2001—2025">(2001—2025)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Узята з "<a dir="ltr" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Марцін_Райл&oldid=3764270">https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Марцін_Райл&oldid=3764270</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Categories" title="Адмысловае:Categories">Катэгорыі</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F_27_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Катэгорыя:Нарадзіліся 27 верасня">Нарадзіліся 27 верасня</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%9E_1918_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Катэгорыя:Нарадзіліся ў 1918 годзе">Нарадзіліся ў 1918 годзе</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%9E_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Катэгорыя:Нарадзіліся ў Брайтане">Нарадзіліся ў Брайтане</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_14_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Памерлі 14 кастрычніка">Памерлі 14 кастрычніка</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%9E_1984_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Катэгорыя:Памерлі ў 1984 годзе">Памерлі ў 1984 годзе</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%9E_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Памерлі ў Кембрыджы">Памерлі ў Кембрыджы</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Вучоныя Кембрыджскага ўніверсітэта">Вучоныя Кембрыджскага ўніверсітэта</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6)" title="Катэгорыя:Выпускнікі Трыніці-каледжа (Кембрыдж)">Выпускнікі Трыніці-каледжа (Кембрыдж)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Выпускнікі Оксфардскага ўніверсітэта">Выпускнікі Оксфардскага ўніверсітэта</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Члены Леапальдзіны">Члены Леапальдзіны</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Члены Лонданскага каралеўскага таварыства">Члены Лонданскага каралеўскага таварыства</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Катэгорыя:Члены Папскай акадэміі навук">Члены Папскай акадэміі навук</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Катэгорыя:Члены Амерыканскай акадэміі мастацтваў і навук">Члены Амерыканскай акадэміі мастацтваў і навук</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%9D_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" title="Катэгорыя:Члены АН СССР">Члены АН СССР</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Катэгорыя:Члены і члены-карэспандэнты Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук ЗША">Члены і члены-карэспандэнты Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук ЗША</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Рыцары-бакалаўры">Рыцары-бакалаўры</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Лаўрэаты Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы">Лаўрэаты Нобелеўскай прэміі па фізіцы</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BC" title="Катэгорыя:Узнагароджаныя Каралеўскім медалём">Узнагароджаныя Каралеўскім медалём</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Лаўрэаты прэміі Хольвека">Лаўрэаты прэміі Хольвека</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BC_%D0%A5%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Узнагароджаныя медалём Х’юза">Узнагароджаныя медалём Х’юза</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Узнагароджаныя медалём Генры Дрэйпера">Узнагароджаныя медалём Генры Дрэйпера</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Узнагароджаныя залатым медалём Каралеўскага астранамічнага таварыства">Узнагароджаныя залатым медалём Каралеўскага астранамічнага таварыства</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Катэгорыя:Асобы">Асобы</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Вучоныя паводле алфавіта">Вучоныя паводле алфавіта</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Катэгорыя:Астраномы Вялікабрытаніі">Астраномы Вялікабрытаніі</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Схаваныя катэгорыі: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96,_%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_JsonConfig" title="Катэгорыя:Старонкі, якія ўжываюць пашырэнне JsonConfig">Старонкі, якія ўжываюць пашырэнне JsonConfig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%B7_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпедыя:Артыкулы з крыніцамі з Вікіданых">Вікіпедыя:Артыкулы з крыніцамі з Вікіданых</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпедыя:Артыкулы са спасылкамі на элементы Вікіданых без беларускага подпісу">Вікіпедыя:Артыкулы са спасылкамі на элементы Вікіданых без беларускага подпісу</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Катэгорыя:Артыкулы пра вучоных без партрэтаў">Артыкулы пра вучоных без партрэтаў</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8E_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю без нумароў старонак">Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю без нумароў старонак</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю з назвай артыкула">Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю з назвай артыкула</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Катэгорыя:Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю з аўтарам">Вікіпедыя:Спасылкі на Беларускую энцыклапедыю з аўтарам</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96,_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_ISBN" title="Катэгорыя:Старонкі, на якіх ужыты чароўныя спасылкі ISBN">Старонкі, на якіх ужыты чароўныя спасылкі ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Апошняе змяненне старонкі адбылося 17:43, 27 снежня 2020.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Тэкст даступны на ўмовах <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.be">ліцэнзіі Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>, у асобных выпадках могуць дзейнічаць дадатковыя ўмовы. Падрабязней гл. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Умовы_выкарыстання">Умовы выкарыстання</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Палітыка прыватнасці</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F">Пра Вікіпедыю</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96">Адмова ад адказнасці</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Распрацоўшчыкі</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/be.wikipedia.org">Статыстыка</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Заява пра cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//be.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мабільная версія</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-795c86c559-vggvk","wgBackendResponseTime":1753,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.045","walltime":"1.557","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2514,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":124999,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5203,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":66,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":8450,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":54,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1494.604 1 -total"," 92.49% 1382.325 1 Шаблон:Навуковец"," 90.56% 1353.504 1 Шаблон:Картка"," 4.76% 71.114 8 Шаблон:Wikidata"," 4.57% 68.318 1 Шаблон:Картка/імя"," 3.63% 54.256 1 Шаблон:Асоба/Агульныя_праверкі"," 3.62% 54.116 1 Шаблон:Wikidata/p570"," 2.52% 37.716 1 Шаблон:Wikidata/p569"," 2.32% 34.746 1 Шаблон:Нобелеўская_прэмія_па_фізіцы_1951—1975"," 2.17% 32.409 1 Шаблон:Картка/арыгінал_імя"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.901","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14808961,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"Custom label provided for Q83552\nv: «А. М. Прохорова»: have «I. O. Fa» match\nGot person name of Q18446 from label: «Dalibor Brozović»\npersonNameToAuthorName: «Dalibor Brozović»: have «Im Fa» match\nGot person name of Q1264934 from label: «Tomislav Ladan»\npersonNameToAuthorName: «Tomislav Ladan»: have «Im Fa» match\nGot title of Q429032 from short name claim: «LZMK»\nLoaded datatype wikibase-item of P184 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype wikibase-item of P802 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nstatement, value: P31{Q378427}\nstatement, value: P31{Q5257307}\nfilterByStatement, filter value before replacing: P31{Q378427}\nfilterByStatement, filter value: P31[Q378427]\nstatementValue: Q38104\nstatementValue: Q15631401\nstatementValue: Q746756\nstatementValue: Q11395829\nstatementValue: Q4193242\nstatementValue: Q615585\nstatementValue: Q844872\nstatementValue: Q746633\nstatementValue: Q1396110\nstatementValue: Q753072\nstatementValue: Q330957\nstatementValue: Q576885\nstatementValue: Q109595718\nstatementValue: Q61577006\nstatementValue: Q833163\nfilterByStatement, filter value before replacing: P31{Q5257307}\nfilterByStatement, filter value: P31[Q5257307]\nstatementValue: Q38104\nstatementValue: Q15631401\nstatementValue: Q746756\nstatementValue: Q11395829\nstatementValue: Q4193242\nstatementValue: Q615585\nstatementValue: Q844872\nstatementValue: Q746633\nstatementValue: Q1396110\nstatementValue: Q753072\nstatementValue: Q330957\nstatementValue: Q576885\nstatementValue: Q109595718\nstatementValue: Q61577006\nstatementValue: Q833163\nstatement, value: P31{Q378427}\nstatement, value: P31{Q5257307}\nfilterByStatement, filter value before replacing: P31{Q378427}\nfilterByStatement, filter value: P31[Q378427]\nstatementValue: Q38104\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q15631401\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q746756\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q11395829\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q4193242\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q615585\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q844872\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q746633\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q1396110\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q753072\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q330957\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q576885\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q109595718\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q61577006\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q833163\ninsert statement\nfilterByStatement, filter value before replacing: P31{Q5257307}\nfilterByStatement, filter value: P31[Q5257307]\nstatementValue: Q38104\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q15631401\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q746756\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q11395829\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q4193242\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q615585\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q844872\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q746633\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q1396110\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q753072\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q330957\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q576885\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q109595718\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q61577006\ninsert statement\nstatementValue: Q833163\ninsert statement\ntable#1 {\n [\"P1706\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"wikibase-item\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"wikibase-entityid\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"entity-type\"] = \"item\",\n [\"id\"] = \"Q189990\",\n [\"numeric-id\"] = 189990,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"046d61d7c87180e0c2a7b4a8be9f84e3fbc3c836\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P1706\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n [\"P2121\"] = table#6 {\n table#7 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"quantity\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#8 {\n [\"type\"] = \"quantity\",\n [\"value\"] = table#9 {\n [\"amount\"] = \"+275000\",\n [\"unit\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q122922\",\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"dbbeca298cbae7be30314d39157bf78541c57a3b\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P2121\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n [\"P585\"] = table#10 {\n table#11 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#12 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#13 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1974-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"3db35603751d2b00b72df41a9e4c11066a270803\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n [\"P6208\"] = table#14 {\n table#15 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"monolingualtext\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#16 {\n [\"type\"] = \"monolingualtext\",\n [\"value\"] = table#17 {\n [\"language\"] = \"en\",\n [\"text\"] = \"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars\",\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"ab1b71fa90029546d56a354b96d6eed3a7b2869b\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P6208\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n table#18 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"monolingualtext\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#19 {\n [\"type\"] = \"monolingualtext\",\n [\"value\"] = table#20 {\n [\"language\"] = \"sv\",\n [\"text\"] = \"för deras banbrytande arbeten inom radioastrofysiken: Ryle för hans observationer och uppfinningar, särskilt apertursyntestekniken, och Hewish för hans avgörande insatser vid upptäckten av pulsarerna\",\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"1643ddf72f26fa126de525b51311a14df7856ea6\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P6208\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1973-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"34b9f74c525ab7a8904ac5c9bcd6ccb06436866a\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1971-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"24a2ee306dba2ea0e6d733f3ca95f56e794e57c6\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1965-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"866d1ba57547885004724e093d4798a4b0dfaf43\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1954-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"e496a3ca73e2b7930d9f6a9351b5edda9eccfa5a\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1965-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"866d1ba57547885004724e093d4798a4b0dfaf43\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1971-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"24a2ee306dba2ea0e6d733f3ca95f56e794e57c6\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1964-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"3abb02b5511ac7efda133b7b29c0056d4a59a7ab\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1974-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"3db35603751d2b00b72df41a9e4c11066a270803\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1971-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"24a2ee306dba2ea0e6d733f3ca95f56e794e57c6\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1958-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"f921db0b263158098b48320dfa0f935f9215359e\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"P585\"] = table#2 {\n table#3 {\n [\"datatype\"] = \"time\",\n [\"datavalue\"] = table#4 {\n [\"type\"] = \"time\",\n [\"value\"] = table#5 {\n [\"after\"] = 0,\n [\"before\"] = 0,\n [\"calendarmodel\"] = \"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727\",\n [\"precision\"] = 9,\n [\"time\"] = \"+1964-01-01T00:00:00Z\",\n [\"timezone\"] = 0,\n },\n },\n [\"hash\"] = \"3abb02b5511ac7efda133b7b29c0056d4a59a7ab\",\n [\"property\"] = \"P585\",\n [\"snaktype\"] = \"value\",\n },\n },\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-795c86c559-vggvk","timestamp":"20241127220236","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0456\u043d \u0420\u0430\u0439\u043b","url":"https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q190766","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q190766","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0423\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u045e \u0412\u0456\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0434\u044b\u044f"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-04-09T11:46:06Z"}</script> </body> </html>