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class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lyric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lyric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tragedies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tragedies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tragedies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tragedies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Comedies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Prose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="أندرياس جريفوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أندرياس جريفوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Qrifius" title="Andreas Qrifius – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Andreas Qrifius" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آندریاس قریفیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آندریاس قریفیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" title="Андреас Грифиус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андреас Грифиус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Αντρέας Γκρύφιους – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντρέας Γκρύφιους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آندریاس گریفیوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آندریاس گریفیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Անդրեաս Գրիֆիուս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անդրեաս Գրիֆիուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ანდრეას გრიფიუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდრეას გრიფიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreass_Grifiuss" title="Andreass Grifiuss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Andreass Grifiuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اندرياس جريفوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندرياس جريفوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="アンドレアス・グリューフィウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドレアス・グリューフィウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Грифиус, Андреас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грифиус, Андреас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andreas Gryphius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%90%D1%80%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81" title="Андреас Ґріфіус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андреас Ґріфіус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q77214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Andreas Gryphius</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Gryphius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Andreas_Gryphius.jpg/200px-Andreas_Gryphius.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Andreas_Gryphius.jpg/300px-Andreas_Gryphius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Andreas_Gryphius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="494" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Engraving by <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Kilian" title="Philipp Kilian">Philipp Kilian</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Andreas Greif</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1616-10-02</span>)</span>2 October 1616<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Glogau (<a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a>), <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Silesia">Silesia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 July 1664<span style="display:none">(1664-07-16)</span> (aged 47)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Glogau, <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Silesia">Silesia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wschowa" title="Wschowa">Fraustadt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Gymnasium_Danzig" title="Academic Gymnasium Danzig">Academic Gymnasium Danzig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Dramatist</li><li>playwright</li><li>poet</li><li>actor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Baroque-era_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque-era Germany">Baroque-era Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_period_German_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque period German literature">German Baroque</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Rosina Deutschländer</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1649)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Christian</li><li>Constantin</li><li>Anna Rosine</li><li>Theodor</li><li>Maria Elisabeth</li><li>Daniel</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Paul Greif (father)</li><li>Anna Erhardin (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gryphius_Signature.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gryphius_Signature.gif/150px-Gryphius_Signature.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Gryphius_Signature.gif/225px-Gryphius_Signature.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Gryphius_Signature.gif 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Andreas Gryphius</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Andreas Greif</i>; 2 October 1616 – 16 July 1664) was a German poet and playwright. With his eloquent <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnets</a>, which contains "The Suffering, Frailty of Life and the World", he is considered one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> poets of the <a href="/wiki/Germanosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanosphere">Germanosphere</a>. He was one of the first improvers of the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="German poetry">German poetry</a>. </p><p>Gryphius was born and raised in Glogau (<a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a>), <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Duchy of Głogów">Duchy of Głogów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Silesia">Silesia</a>. At the age of 33, he married Rosina Deutschländer, with whom he had six children, Christian, Constantin, Anna Rosine, Theodor, Maria Elisabeth, and Daniel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Andreas Gryphius was the son of Paullus Gryphius, a respected <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergyman</a> and a Lutheran archdeacon of Glogau, originally from <a href="/wiki/Uthleben" title="Uthleben">Uthleben</a> and Paullus' third wife,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZedlerLudovici17351159_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZedlerLudovici17351159-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anna (née Eberhardin),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudde1730668_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudde1730668-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was 32 years younger than her husband, the daughter of a businessman from <a href="/wiki/Wschowa" title="Wschowa">Fraustadt</a>, the councilor Jonas Deutschländer the Elder (died in 1661) and Anna Sachse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131–144_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131–144-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in Großglogau (<a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a>). The family name was originally "Greif" and had been <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinised</a> to "Gryphius" by Andreas' paternal great-grandfather (Peter Greif von Heringen).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Left early an orphan and driven from his native town by the troubles of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, he received his schooling in various places, but notably at Freistadt (Polish: <a href="/wiki/Wschowa" title="Wschowa">Wschowa</a>), where he enjoyed an excellent classical education.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_poetry">Career in poetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career in poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1634 he went to <a href="/wiki/History_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="History of Gdańsk">Danzig</a> (Polish: <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>) where he met professors <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cr%C3%BCger" title="Peter Crüger">Peter Crüger</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Mochinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Mochinger (page does not exist)">Johann Mochinger</a> at the Danzig Gymnasium, who introduced Gryphius to the new German language poetry. Crüger had for years close contacts to <a href="/wiki/Martin_Opitz" title="Martin Opitz">Martin Opitz</a>, who became known as the 'father of German poetry'. Greatly influenced by Crüger, he is the only one Gryphius dedicated poems to. Gryphius wrote Latin language poetry, German poems and sonnets. </p><p>The same year that Gryphius arrived, the printer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_H%C3%BCnefeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Hünefeld (page does not exist)">Andreas Hünefeld</a> published <a href="/wiki/Martin_Opitz" title="Martin Opitz">Martin Opitz</a>'s <i>Buch von der deutschen Poeterey</i> (Book of German Poetry). The same publisher printed Opitz's translation <i>Tetrastichen des Pibrac</i> (Tetrasticha of Pibrac, or four verse) and <i>Antigone</i>. Among Gryphius' benefactors was the city's secretary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Borck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Borck (page does not exist)">Michael Borck</a>, who wrote a German version of the life of Jesus Christ. Borck's illustrated book is still at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteka_Gda%C5%84ska_PAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteka Gdańska PAN (page does not exist)">Gdańsk library</a>. Coming from war riddled Silesia, taking refuge at the big international harbor and a <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> city, greatly stimulated Gryphius. In 1635 he published his second epos of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herodes_(epic_poem)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herodes (epic poem) (page does not exist)">Herodes</a></i>, <i>Dei Vindicis Impetus et Herodis Interitus</i>. He dedicated this to the city state council. </p><p>In 1636, while still in Danzig, he published the <i>Parnassus renovatus</i> in praise of his mentor and patron, the eminent <a href="/wiki/Jurist" title="Jurist">jurist</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Sch%C3%B6nborner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Schönborner (page does not exist)">Georg Schönborner</a> (1579–1637).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach2014148_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach2014148-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later the same year Gryphius became the tutor of Schönborner's two sons, on Schönborner's estate near Freystadt, in Silesia (today, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BCuch%C3%B3w" title="Kożuchów">Kożuchów</a>, Poland).<sup id="cite_ref-NDB-242_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDB-242-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A highly educated scholar, Schönborner held various government administrative posts and by that time had been honored by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Ferdinand II</a> with the title of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Count_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Count Palatine">Imperial Count Palatine</a> (Hofpfalzgraf).<sup id="cite_ref-Palm-ADB_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palm-ADB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 November 1637, Schönborner recognized Gryphius's poetic talent by bestowing upon him the title of <i>poeta laureatus</i> and master of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Patent_of_nobility" title="Patent of nobility">patent of nobility</a> (of which Gryphius, however, never made use).<sup id="cite_ref-Palm-ADB_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palm-ADB-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schönborner died less than a month later, on 23 December 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While staying with Schönborner, Gryphius completed his first collection of poems, <i>Sonnete</i> ("Sonnets"), which was published in 1637 by Wigand Funck in Lissa (today <a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a>, Poland), and is also known as the <i>Lissaer Sonettbuch</i>, after the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131,_135–136_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131,_135–136-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection of 31 <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnets</a> includes some of his best known poems, such as "Vanitas vanitatum, et omnia vanitas", later titled "Es ist alles eitel" (All is vanity), about the effects of war and the transitoriness of human life; "Menschliches Elende" (Human misery); and "Trawrklage des verwüsteten Deutschlandes" (Lament of devastated Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpahr1996135–136_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpahr1996135–136-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1632, he had witnessed the pillaging and burning of the Silesian town of <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BCuch%C3%B3w" title="Kożuchów">Freystadt</a> by Swedish troops, and immortalized the event in his poem <i>Fewrige Freystadt</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Also in 1637 he went to continue his studies at <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, where he remained for six years, both hearing and delivering lectures. Here he fell under the influence of the great Dutch dramatists, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Corneliszoon_Hooft" title="Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft">Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joost_van_den_Vondel" title="Joost van den Vondel">Joost van den Vondel</a>, who largely determined the character of his later dramatic works.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1635 with the <i>Prager Frieden</i> (<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Prague_(1635)" title="Peace of Prague (1635)">Peace of Prague</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> took control over in Silesia again and persecuted Protestants and closed their churches. In 1638 Paul Gryphius, the brother of Andreas, received a position as Superindendant at <a href="/wiki/Krosno_Odrza%C5%84skie" title="Krosno Odrzańskie">Crossen an der Oder</a> (Krosno Odrzańskie) in <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> from the Elector <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Wilhelm of Brandenburg">Georg Wilhelm of Brandenburg</a>. Paul was for several years banned from Silesia for of being a Protestant, and Andreas dedicated and sent him several poems for the start of his new position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel_and_dramatic_work">Travel and dramatic work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Travel and dramatic work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After travelling in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and South <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, Gryphius settled in 1647 at <a href="/wiki/Fraustadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraustadt">Fraustadt</a>, where he began his dramatic work, and in 1650 was appointed syndic of <a href="/wiki/Glog%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Glogów">Glogau</a>, a post he held until his death. A short time previously he had been admitted under the title of <i>The Immortal</i> into the <a href="/wiki/Fruitbearing_Society" title="Fruitbearing Society">Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft</a> ("Fruitbearing Society"), a literary society, founded in 1617 by Ludwig, prince of <a href="/wiki/Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Anhalt-Köthen">Anhalt-Köthen</a> on the model of the Italian academies.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gryphius grew up during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> and witnessed the destruction of large parts of Germany, which had lasting effects for centuries. Not yet an adult himself, he saw the child of a benefactor (Crüger) die, and prepared another (Schönborner) for his approaching death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is therefore not surprising that some morbid disposition, and his melancholy temperament, fostered by the misfortunes of his childhood is largely reflected in his lyrics, of which the most famous are the <i>Kirchhofsgedanken</i> ("Cemetery thoughts", 1656). His best works are his comedies, one of which, <i>Absurda Comica, oder Herr Peter Squentz</i> (1663), is evidently based on the comic episode of <a href="/wiki/Pyramus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramus">Pyramus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thisbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Thisbe">Thisbe</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i>. <i>Die geliebte Dornrose</i> (1660), written in <a href="/wiki/Silesian_German" title="Silesian German">Silesian dialect</a>, contains many touches of natural simplicity and grace, and ranks high among the comparatively small number of German dramas of the 17th century. <i>Horribilicribrifax</i> (1663), founded on the <i><a href="/wiki/Miles_Gloriosus_(play)" title="Miles Gloriosus (play)">Miles Gloriosus</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>, is a rather labored attack on pedantry. Besides these three comedies, Gryphius wrote five tragedies. In all of them the tendency is to become wild and bombastic, but he had the merit of at least attempting to work out artistically conceived plans, and there are occasional flashes both of passion and of imagination. His models seem to have been <a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vondel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vondel">Vondel</a>. In <i>Carolus Stuardus</i> (1657) he dramatised events of his own day, namely the death of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a>; his other tragedies are <i>Leo Armenius</i> (1650); <i><a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Georgien" title="Katharina von Georgien">Katharina von Georgien</a></i> (1657), <i>Cardenio und Celinde</i> (1657) and <i>Papinianus</i> (1659). No German dramatic writer before him had risen to so high a level, nor had he worthy successors until about the middle of the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gryphius,_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte,_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gryphius%2C_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte%2C_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg/220px-Gryphius%2C_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte%2C_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gryphius%2C_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte%2C_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg/330px-Gryphius%2C_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte%2C_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gryphius%2C_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte%2C_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg/440px-Gryphius%2C_Andreas_%E2%80%93_Lyrische_Gedichte%2C_1880_%E2%80%93_BEIC_2833897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption><i>Lyrische Gedichte</i> (1880)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin">Latin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Latin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Herodis Furiae et Rachelis lachrymae, Głogów 1634</li> <li>Dei Vindicis Impetus et Herodis Interitus, Gdańsk 1635</li> <li>Parnassus renovatus, Gdańsk 1636</li> <li>Epigrammata liber I, Leiden 1643</li> <li>Olivetum Libri three, Florence 1646</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lyric">Lyric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lyric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sonette (Lissaer Sonette), Lissa 1637</li> <li>Son- und Feyrtags-Sonette, Leiden 1639</li> <li>Sonette Das erste Buch, Leiden 1643</li> <li>Oden Das erste Buch, Leiden 1643</li> <li>Epigrammata. Das erste Buch, Leiden 1643</li> <li>Gedanken über den Kirchhof und Ruhestätte der Verstorbenen, Wrocław 1657</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tragedies">Tragedies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tragedies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ein Fürsten-Mörderisches Trawer-Spiel / genant. Leo Armenius, Frankfurt am Main 1650</li> <li>Katharina von Georgien Oder Bewehrete Beständigkeit. Tragedy, Wrocław 1657</li> <li>Cardenio vnd Celinde, Oder Unglücklich Verliebete. Tragedy, Wrocław 1657</li> <li>Ermordete Majestät. Oder Carolus Stuardus König von Groß Britannien. Tragedy, Wrocław 1657; Very revised and expanded version: Breslau 1663</li> <li>Großmüttiger Rechts-Gelehrter / Oder Sterbender Aemilius Paulus Papinianus. Tragedy, Wrocław 1659</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedies">Comedies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Comedies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Absurd Comic oder Herr Peter Squenz / Schimpff-Spiel, Wrocław 1658</li> <li>Horribilicribrifax Teutsch, Wrocław 1663</li> <li>Verlibtes Gespenste / Gesang-Spil. Die gelibte Dornrose / Schertz-Spil in Silesian dialect (double drama), Wrocław 1660</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose">Prose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fewrige Freystadt, Lissa 1637</li> <li>Mumiae Wratislavienses, Wrocław 1662</li> <li>Funeral Dissertationes. Oder Leich-Abdanckungen, Leipzig 1667</li> <li>A French paperback—A play in five acts, composed in 1659 by the master of the German baroque theater. It shows the failure of the cynicism of Machiavelli's political theories. [see here, can be later used as reference—<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaffy1993?_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffy1993?-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Cardenio-Celinde-German-English-Edition/dp/0986271500">Cardenio and Celinde</a></i> (1647) – <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a></li> <li><i>Leo Arminius</i> (1650) – historical <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a></li> <li><i>Carolus Stuardus</i> (1657 – first version; 1663 – second version) – historical <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Georgien" title="Katharina von Georgien">Katharina von Georgien</a></i> (1657) – historical <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a></li> <li><i>Absurda Comica oder Herr Peter Squenz</i> (1658) – <a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">comedy</a></li> <li><i>Papinianus</i> (1659) – historical <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a></li> <li><i>The Beloved Rose with a Thorn</i> (1661) – <a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">comedy</a></li> <li><i>Horribilicribrifax</i> (1663) – <a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">comedy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius_Theatre_in_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Andreas Gryphius Theatre in Głogów">Andreas Gryphius Theatre in Głogów</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZedlerLudovici17351159-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZedlerLudovici17351159_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZedlerLudovici1735">Zedler & Ludovici 1735</a>, p. 1159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudde1730668-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudde1730668_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudde1730">Budde 1730</a>, p. 668.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131–144-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131–144_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpahr1996">Spahr 1996</a>, pp. 131–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monath, Wolfgang (1966). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz24414.html#ndbcontent">Gryphius, Andreas</a>" <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>, in: <i>Neue Deutsche Biographie</i>. Vol. 7. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. p. 242–246; here: p. 242. Online version retrieved 2017-05-28. The entry begins with information about Gryphius's family in abbreviated form: "V[ater] Paul (1560–1621) ... (E[nkel] d[es] Pastors Peter in Heringen, der seinen Namen Greif latinisierte)" [<i>English translation</i>: "father Paul (1560–1621) ... (grandson of Pastor Peter in Heringen, who Latinized his name, which was 'Greif')"].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gryphius,_Andreas" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Gryphius, Andreas">Gryphius, Andreas</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 642–643.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gryphius%2C+Andreas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=642-643&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBach2014148-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBach2014148_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBach2014">Bach 2014</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDB-242-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NDB-242_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monath (1966), p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palm-ADB-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palm-ADB_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palm-ADB_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Palm, Hermann (1879). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz24414.html#adbcontent">Gryphius, Andreas</a>" <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>, in: <i>Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie</i>. Vol. 10. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. p. 73–82; here: pp. 74–75. Online version retrieved 2017-05-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monath (1966), pp. 242–243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palm (1879), p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131,_135–136-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpahr1996131,_135–136_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpahr1996">Spahr 1996</a>, pp. 131, 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpahr1996135–136-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpahr1996135–136_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpahr1996">Spahr 1996</a>, pp. 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERaffy1993?-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaffy1993?_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRaffy1993">Raffy 1993</a>, p. ?.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bach, Oliver (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_ArpBQAAQBAJ"><i>Zwischen Heilsgeschichte und säkularer Jurisprudenz: Politische Theologie in den Trauerspielen des Andreas Gryphius</i></a> [<i>Between history of salvation and secular jurisprudence: political theology in the tragedies of Andreas Gryphius</i>] (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-035916-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-035916-9"><bdi>978-3-11-035916-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zwischen+Heilsgeschichte+und+s%C3%A4kularer+Jurisprudenz%3A+Politische+Theologie+in+den+Trauerspielen+des+Andreas+Gryphius&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-11-035916-9&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_ArpBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudde1730" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Budde, Johann Franz (1730). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWt89u4KWqcC"><i>Allgemeines Historisches LEXICON</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: Thomas Fritsch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allgemeines+Historisches+LEXICON&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Thomas+Fritsch&rft.date=1730&rft.aulast=Budde&rft.aufirst=Johann+Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmWt89u4KWqcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Faber_du_Faur1959" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">von Faber du Faur, Curt (1959). "Andreas Gryphius, der Rebell" [Andreas Gryphius, the rebel]. <i>PMLA</i> (in German). <b>74</b> (1): 14–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F460383">10.2307/460383</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/460383">460383</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251028659">251028659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PMLA&rft.atitle=Andreas+Gryphius%2C+der+Rebell&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-27&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251028659%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F460383%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F460383&rft.aulast=von+Faber+du+Faur&rft.aufirst=Curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gillespie, Gerald, ed. 1992. <i>German Theater Before 1750</i>. The German Library 8. New York: Continuum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-0703-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-0703-X">0-8264-0703-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoedekeTittmann1880" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Goedeke, Karl; Tittmann, Julius (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=2833897"><i>Deutsche Dichter des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts und Lyrische Gedichte</i></a> [<i>German poets of the seventeenth century and Lyrical poems</i>] (in German). Leipzig: F. M. Brockhaus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Dichter+des+siebzehnten+Jahrhunderts+und+Lyrische+Gedichte&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=F.+M.+Brockhaus&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Goedeke&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Tittmann%2C+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D2833897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller1822" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Müller, Wilhelm (1822). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=2833386"><i>Bibliothek deutscher Dichter des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts</i></a> [<i>Library of German poets of the seventeenth century</i>] (in German) (2nd ed.). Leipzig: Johann Christoph Fritsche.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliothek+deutscher+Dichter+des+siebzehnten+Jahrhunderts&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Johann+Christoph+Fritsche&rft.date=1822&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D2833386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Monath, Wolfgang (1966). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz24414.html#ndbcontent">Gryphius, Andreas</a>" <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a></i>. Vol. 7. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 242–246 (online version).</li> <li>Palm, Hermann (1879). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz24414.html#adbcontent">Gryphius, Andreas</a>" <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span>, in: <i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie">Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie</a></i>. Vol. 10. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 73–82.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaffy1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gryphius, Andreas (1993). <i>Le Légiste magnanime ou la mort d'Emilien Paul Papinien : tragédie = Grossmütiger Rechtsgelehrter oder Sterbender Aemilius Paulus Papinianus: Trauerspiel</i> [<i>The magnanimous lawyer or The death of Émilien Paul Papinien</i>] (in French). Translated by Raffy, Jean-Louis. [Paris]: Aubier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2700711017" title="Special:BookSources/2700711017"><bdi>2700711017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+L%C3%A9giste+magnanime+ou+la+mort+d%27Emilien+Paul+Papinien+%3A+trag%C3%A9die+%3D+Grossm%C3%BCtiger+Rechtsgelehrter+oder+Sterbender+Aemilius+Paulus+Papinianus%3A+Trauerspiel&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Aubier&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=2700711017&rft.aulast=Gryphius&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpahr1996" class="citation book cs1">Spahr, Blake Lee (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germanbaroquewri164hard/page/131"><i>German Baroque writers, 1580-1660</i></a>. Vol. 164. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germanbaroquewri164hard/page/131">131–144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/081039359X" title="Special:BookSources/081039359X"><bdi>081039359X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Baroque+writers%2C+1580-1660&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=131-144&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=081039359X&rft.aulast=Spahr&rft.aufirst=Blake+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermanbaroquewri164hard%2Fpage%2F131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Spahr, Blake Lee (1996). "Andreas Gryphius (2 October 1616 – 16 July 1664)." In James N. Hardin (Ed.), <i>German Baroque Writers, 1580–1660</i>. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 164. Detroit, Mich.: Gale. pp. 131–144.</li> <li>Szyrocki, Marian (1964). <i>Andreas Gryphius: Sein Leben und Werk</i>. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8JdAAAAIAAJ">Google Books (snippet view)</a></li> <li>Williams, Simon (2000). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8qMTPAPFGXUC&pg=PA457">Gryphius, Andreas</a>", in: Martin Banham (Ed.), <i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Reprinted with corrections; first published 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8">0-521-43437-8</a>. p. 457.</li> <li>Szyrocki, Marian, de Gruyter, Walter, (2013), Sonette - Gesamtausgabe der deutschsprachigen Werke <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-092697-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-092697-2">978-3-11-092697-2</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZedlerLudovici1735" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zedler, Johann Heinrich; Ludovici, Carl Günther (1735). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LPlfAAAAcAAJ"><i>Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, welche bisshero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden</i></a> [<i>Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts, which have been invented and improved by human mind and wit</i>] (in German). Vol. 11th vol. Halle and Leipzig: Johann Heinrich Zedler.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grosses+vollst%C3%A4ndiges+Universal+Lexicon+aller+Wissenschaften+und+K%C3%BCnste%2C+welche+bisshero+durch+menschlichen+Verstand+und+Witz+erfunden+und+verbessert+worden&rft.place=Halle+and+Leipzig&rft.pub=Johann+Heinrich+Zedler&rft.date=1735&rft.aulast=Zedler&rft.aufirst=Johann+Heinrich&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+Carl+G%C3%BCnther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLPlfAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Gryphius&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andreas_Gryphius" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Andreas Gryphius">Andreas Gryphius</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Andreas_Gryphius" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Andreas Gryphius">Andreas Gryphius</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Andreas Gryphius"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Andreas_Gryphius">"Andreas Gryphius" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. pp. 226–227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Andreas+Gryphius&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=226-227&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Gryphius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gedichte.xbib.de/gedicht_Gryphius%2C+Andreas.htm">Andreas Gryphius: All poems</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autor/226">Andreas Gryphius on Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonett-archiv.com/gh/gryphius.htm">An archive of his sonnets</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Gryphius%2C%20Andreas%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Andreas%20Gryphius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gryphius%2C%20Andreas%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Andreas%20Gryphius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gryphius%2C%20A%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Andreas%20Gryphius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Gryphius%2C%20Andreas%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Andreas%20Gryphius%22%29%20OR%20%28%221616-1664%22%20AND%20Gryphius%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Andreas Gryphius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/8652">Works by Andreas Gryphius</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein" title="History of Liechtenstein">History of Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_High_German_literature" title="Old High German literature">Old High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German_literature" title="Middle High German literature">Middle High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_New_High_German_literature" title="Early New High German literature">Early New High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Classicism" title="Weimar Classicism">Weimar Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Literary realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_culture" title="Weimar culture">Weimar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exilliteratur" title="Exilliteratur">Exilliteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_literature" title="Austrian literature">Austrian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Swiss literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_studies" title="German studies">German studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_writers" title="Category:Austrian writers">Austrian writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_writers" title="Category:German writers">German writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_writers" title="Category:Liechtenstein writers">Liechtenstein writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_writers_in_German" title="Category:Swiss writers in German">Swiss writers in German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Category:Translators of William Shakespeare">Category:Translators of William Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Reformation era literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_courtly_romance" title="German courtly romance">Courtly romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_von_K%C3%BCrenberg" title="Der von Kürenberg">Der von Kürenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_von_Aist" title="Dietmar von Aist">Dietmar von Aist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinmar_von_Hagenau" title="Reinmar von Hagenau">Reinmar von Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmann_von_Aue" title="Hartmann von Aue">Hartmann von Aue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_von_der_Vogelweide" title="Walther von der Vogelweide">Walther von der Vogelweide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_von_Eschenbach" title="Wolfram von Eschenbach">Wolfram von Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Johansdorf" title="Albrecht von Johansdorf">Albrecht von Johansdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Morungen" title="Heinrich von Morungen">Heinrich von Morungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Strassburg" title="Gottfried von Strassburg">Gottfried von Strassburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Bern" title="Dietrich von Bern">Dietrich von Bern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dach" title="Simon Dach">Simon Dach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fleming_(poet)" title="Paul Fleming (poet)">Paul Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Folz" title="Hans Folz">Hans Folz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jakob_Christoffel_von_Grimmelshausen" title="Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen">Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andreas Gryphius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Hoffmann_von_Hoffmannswaldau" title="Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau">Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Moscherosch" title="Johann Michael Moscherosch">Johann Michael Moscherosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Opitz" title="Martin Opitz">Martin Opitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sachs" title="Hans Sachs">Hans Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelus_Silesius" title="Angelus Silesius">Angelus Silesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick">Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wickram" title="Georg Wickram">Georg Wickram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barthold_Heinrich_Brockes" title="Barthold Heinrich Brockes">Barthold Heinrich Brockes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_F%C3%BCrchtegott_Gellert" title="Christian Fürchtegott Gellert">Christian Gellert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched" title="Johann Christoph Gottsched">Johann Christoph Gottsched</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_G%C3%BCnther" title="Johann Christian Günther">Johann Christian Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlieb_Klopstock" title="Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock">Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Michael_Reinhold_Lenz" title="Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz">Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> (Friedrich von Hardenberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Schnabel" title="Johann Gottfried Schnabel">Johann Gottfried Schnabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Christoph Martin Wieland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">Bettina von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">Achim von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Clemens Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso" title="Adelbert von Chamisso">Adelbert von Chamisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_von_Droste-H%C3%BClshoff" title="Annette von Droste-Hülshoff">Annette von Droste-Hülshoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_von_Ebner-Eschenbach" title="Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach">Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Joseph von Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fontane" title="Theodor Fontane">Theodor Fontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Freytag" title="Gustav Freytag">Gustav Freytag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_Gotthelf" title="Jeremias Gotthelf">Jeremias Gotthelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Grillparzer" title="Franz Grillparzer">Franz Grillparzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Grimm" title="Wilhelm Grimm">Wilhelm Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Hebbel" title="Christian Friedrich Hebbel">Christian Friedrich Hebbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Hebel" title="Johann Peter Hebel">Johann Peter Hebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Herwegh" title="Georg Herwegh">Georg Herwegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Keller" title="Gottfried Keller">Gottfried Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Nikolaus Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karl May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Ferdinand_Meyer" title="Conrad Ferdinand Meyer">Conrad Ferdinand Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Eduard Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nestroy" title="Johann Nestroy">Johann Nestroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Raabe" title="Wilhelm Raabe">Wilhelm Raabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Stifter" title="Adalbert Stifter">Adalbert Stifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Storm" title="Theodor Storm">Theodor Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Ludwig Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Ludwig Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_Ayim" title="May Ayim">May Ayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Bachmann" title="Ingeborg Bachmann">Ingeborg Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bahr" title="Hermann Bahr">Hermann Bahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Baum" title="Vicki Baum">Vicki Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_R._Becher" title="Johannes R. Becher">Johannes R. Becher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Benn" title="Gottfried Benn">Gottfried Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brasch" title="Thomas Brasch">Thomas Brasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Braun" title="Volker Braun">Volker Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dieter_Brinkmann" title="Rolf Dieter Brinkmann">Rolf Dieter Brinkmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Hermann Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnolt_Bronnen" title="Arnolt Bronnen">Arnolt Bronnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Burger" title="Hermann Burger">Hermann Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Celan" title="Paul Celan">Paul Celan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Alfred Döblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimito_von_Doderer" title="Heimito von Doderer">Heimito von Doderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Feuchtwanger" title="Lion Feuchtwanger">Lion Feuchtwanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marieluise_Flei%C3%9Fer" title="Marieluise Fleißer">Marieluise Fleißer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fried" title="Erich Fried">Erich Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">Stefan George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlen_Haushofer" title="Marlen Haushofer">Marlen Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heym" title="Georg Heym">Georg Heym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hilbig" title="Wolfgang Hilbig">Wolfgang Hilbig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96d%C3%B6n_von_Horv%C3%A1th" title="Ödön von Horváth">Ödön von Horváth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricarda_Huch" title="Ricarda Huch">Ricarda Huch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huchel" title="Peter Huchel">Peter Huchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Jandl" title="Ernst Jandl">Ernst Jandl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Johnson" title="Uwe Johnson">Uwe Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kesten" title="Hermann Kesten">Hermann Kesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmgard_Keun" title="Irmgard Keun">Irmgard Keun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch" title="Sarah Kirsch">Sarah Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Kisch" title="Egon Kisch">Egon Erwin Kisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Kracauer" title="Siegfried Kracauer">Siegfried Kracauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer)" title="Karl Kraus (writer)">Karl Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Else_Lasker-Sch%C3%BCler" title="Else Lasker-Schüler">Else Lasker-Schüler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_Lasswitz" title="Kurd Lasswitz">Kurd Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert_Ledig" title="Gert Ledig">Gert Ledig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Lenz" title="Siegfried Lenz">Siegfried Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mann" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Mann" title="Klaus Mann">Klaus Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friederike_Mayr%C3%B6cker" title="Friederike Mayröcker">Friederike Mayröcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Morgenstern" title="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_M%C3%BChsam" title="Erich Mühsam">Erich Mühsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Robert Musil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rainer Maria Rilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Roth" title="Joseph Roth">Joseph Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Salomon" title="Ernst von Salomon">Ernst von Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scheerbart" title="Paul Scheerbart">Paul Scheerbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schnitzler" title="Arthur Schnitzler">Arthur Schnitzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Schubert" title="Helga Schubert">Helga Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._G._Sebald" title="W. G. Sebald">W. G. Sebald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berta_von_Suttner" class="mw-redirect" title="Berta von Suttner">Berta von Suttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Ernst Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Trakl" title="Georg Trakl">Georg Trakl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Tucholsky" title="Kurt Tucholsky">Kurt Tucholsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walser" title="Robert Walser">Robert Walser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Weinheber" title="Josef Weinheber">Josef Weinheber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Weiss" title="Peter Weiss">Peter Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Angst" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Angst">Fritz Zorn (Fritz Angst)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary<br />writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zsuzsa_B%C3%A1nk" title="Zsuzsa Bánk">Zsuzsa Bánk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brussig" title="Thomas Brussig">Thomas Brussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Erpenbeck" title="Jenny Erpenbeck">Jenny Erpenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainald_Goetz" title="Rainald Goetz">Rainald Goetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durs_Gr%C3%BCnbein" title="Durs Grünbein">Durs Grünbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Hermann" title="Judith Hermann">Judith Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Jirgl" title="Reinhard Jirgl">Reinhard Jirgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Kaminer" title="Wladimir Kaminer">Wladimir Kaminer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kehlmann" title="Daniel Kehlmann">Daniel Kehlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Kinsky" title="Esther Kinsky">Esther Kinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_K%C3%B6hler" title="Barbara Köhler">Barbara Köhler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Kracht" title="Christian Kracht">Christian Kracht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Maron" title="Monika Maron">Monika Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Meyer" title="Clemens Meyer">Clemens Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zia_Mora" title="Terézia Mora">Terézia Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Dodua_Otoo" title="Sharon Dodua Otoo">Sharon Dodua Otoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Sevgi_%C3%96zdamar" title="Emine Sevgi Özdamar">Emine Sevgi Özdamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Pr%C3%A4auer" title="Teresa Präauer">Teresa Präauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julya_Rabinowich" title="Julya Rabinowich">Julya Rabinowich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafik_Schami" title="Rafik Schami">Rafik Schami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingo_Schulze" title="Ingo Schulze">Ingo Schulze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Seiler" title="Lutz Seiler">Lutz Seiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_J._Setz" title="Clemens J. Setz">Clemens J. Setz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botho_Strauss" title="Botho Strauss">Botho Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Tawada" title="Yoko Tawada">Yoko Tawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Timm" title="Uwe Timm">Uwe Timm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilija_Trojanow" title="Ilija Trojanow">Ilija Trojanow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wagner_(poet)" title="Jan Wagner (poet)">Jan Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wawerzinek" title="Peter Wawerzinek">Peter Wawerzinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Wondratschek" title="Wolf Wondratschek">Wolf Wondratschek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Zaimo%C4%9Flu" title="Feridun Zaimoğlu">Feridun Zaimoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli_Zeh" title="Juli Zeh">Juli Zeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language<br />Nobel laureates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Christoph Eucken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language<br />literary awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_German-Language_Literature" title="Festival of German-Language Literature">Ingeborg Bachmann Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_Prize" title="Sigmund Freud Prize">Sigmund Freud Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso_Prize" title="Adelbert von Chamisso Prize">Adelbert von Chamisso Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fallada_Prize" title="Hans Fallada Prize">Hans Fallada Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Prize" title="Goethe Prize">Goethe Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine_Prize" title="Heinrich Heine Prize">Heinrich Heine Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleist_Prize" title="Kleist Prize">Kleist Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Book_Fair_Prize" title="Leipzig Book Fair Prize">Leipzig Book Fair Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs_Prize" title="Nelly Sachs Prize">Nelly Sachs Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77214#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77214#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77214#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121318868">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49240166">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11106/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFH3Pm3qmYbGTXmMWFKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118543032">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50032998">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12029754w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12029754w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620770">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gryphius, Andreas"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV107948">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35155390">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000602685&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX959584">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068723407">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90210761">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000125057&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000146012&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hkknfp07w55jt">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810538282705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/28327">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262139605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515758206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02273263?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1fef179f-bd47-49da-9be4-328a428fe7ed">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/82683360">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/844856">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118543032.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118543032">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028467507">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65d8wr5">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/30042711">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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