CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91352d3f5c83f938',cH: 'sEupWGBoF2bBgvdBHifUPDDoFpGkNTPT3_47KTebH9k-1739789009-1.2.1.1-hIvuQ3rM4kIpcE_mHMGN818lDOI_lAWY22HD9ed8uPQLA1TTHDMI_.z8grcjKpDy',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Doaa%20Hashad&__cf_chl_tk=1HXAk4SsJWE0oLFjU7tZ99apDyMnBjbPpiuUsjRautk-1739789009-1.0.1.1-r8c5MisndQi8iSuHrF41DsILEQVVLvmL9X47ltzYKpY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789009',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Doaa%20Hashad&__cf_chl_f_tk=1HXAk4SsJWE0oLFjU7tZ99apDyMnBjbPpiuUsjRautk-1739789009-1.0.1.1-r8c5MisndQi8iSuHrF41DsILEQVVLvmL9X47ltzYKpY",md: "GjcIIKoZuSuElr0AbPmp.QtsUCGUKXChCM4Bh31zzFc-1739789009-1.2.1.1-TjGW1dn8N7CO7GQXCwYXH1Rh6SOU9PIJB7UawdmtGmnsKx6to9AnekeNkmvbgFBOhgOkoPAHK.AoYBxOYS_bdQw97aoae8yFm6HiWGw5DHCPJWAsfkgNB_h2ZZwWa3CBG7pRxO0xgXqK2ddbY8Dyic7Z4QmDBUG0bTN9pdIRvdi.2R3jKAslZSIfos68JPGQXeXSSgRt0ct.hArDlxstBvwK28Kgtt6U_MQuRjhtFpgagsaFa5cPy0yxP9c82.XnKwqy0U6.SnapSMGOZmIA5HczgA4Cs0WtSEf3gedJE4_HZjkXC63R0uoCJSV3N7wBZrdwk_.xe9Re4Tqm4gX_MovusQ36QGgyznpN.ufvWI2LPxHPZpUadSyrE_46pTmky9z.LndAVSpNqJqD2J9yO88mvK_c_7He9vQ0GW6YL8SorJUqp256DsBpoZO99eLczwXyjchB7dUWpuFa8rzgvjLuQyzF3Y2SUSzqz4VashmxmyWfUSuG_.WHasKFBOYrDK0qo8yFFBuOqZkBnQ2WZMLTaSn3rPsiubLOceRnKNxIZiOjiCWkiG7MvZ5fvA.s8L39f1adDhIEW2dMmmtMP2kIa27VsdQyGgsZ_piwRdg7s6Y2BoEYs0z8vwYcVNBMO700nk0Sm5x2BYBCSfvLTlBGuBlqfQj7cxYRUMZb7BeoVImgf8RgvfDrTqqKV08XHWOD6icHPbd38hsVcWXDbFC1.HOxiqe4_lFMpSArWOBNShBeKdZ2Ql8WgI7wbmzbrd.JoEynImEYhI1Ap_cpBH4Q6nQKG_UXy4gWQ6t0jgL.FMKc0.AqcgdObjSXbytEEydpwgIPC6rY8Z7yFJtc9EaGV8BVpAP9SsS_5Es9f4FJySExe2kAHmlehFqeEPHhFqOKw2cYXZ4307W4wZNsDOWMqaVYCJWsV56E7q7T1kuXdjpEM5V3d_S_WwtTdU.JrfKAi1MfMJpLTONwsFyOoebVBrNecxpjeFJ5_lBwIPFbzu5hBdeMOQ7pdXX_e7wd7BgDyAJfq0c831PTxaOuPUtKRUUsgRThKf6AG2HxKidtljjMT9o5DY2AK74I1NpPm_uu21t5PwsU830NFx1A2f40IREn0A.G_3_SuAwXNjm8A1sANWQtl8QVhiVWTr7.bv5Hiy8Qv_H.wsWi95dzoKl5FX6.kvzY58W5GOxY7I3JhafdCXqFynUyz8phQqwvIKAeJgPKq5lEMTRsDZZJvlY0Q28IxB.CsmK85ZSjPyCGXaOvGNrohk5gKwnGNLu52u5GujtG_6dW1Niz6jXNv401Z9B_.5xfKmf4zJNnrT0lW_GIp_e30jTWS4YP0kpZ8gd8q.PGO4K2z7_r7XpFreAgM0rgp964oSa1QTdoP4YaeM3_mbp.wosngdOdxjSa9JurpShXfuLJcO7B23khZIVFm3qvfstXHbglv6QRhFgfheu6BRSvBOWF8Ra1ZNyN8M.yUfcKMNCq_b5PTMWvaqAcqQhzw_CMzKtpKzIiikOUGPa4Re3z06iPkOybfQRZeTtnOcWAam8BCFx073iUNOIDPGL1EXsuDQESjImXmrVCoglKFddPqG5nJOXIm4cECMsJO.jrLH3aRstWWojPqXNiS_.cwCm7SxEOkQcyQhLlBZo9.klazCy13_dMvKmwVg7gosU6gFyvINIKETviLY3WOsvdpWCZlW9I2AR72uxckKTdxizjg9FQb8pHGifjGNEnw5OaOTW1hqMovdFb_ZpVpcZuuFqYIsQVln6zEH.sdtc2QCvyoaXxHSKog2BLyzlA9w7lyUGF4Sl3We1I4IW1THxboGVl6S2esEGMSe2IKVGu1PlkIn.BlAaC5QzEb9hNCGiGHYYTsq3O.uBezpkJKIToG84ovZVtAfZUWFFbl.HL.cuttWngch.NwdFgICHspqjeznNQCkmjRTRmr.miUlpEd_GCgHf32o5nX50",mdrd: "mdtd.VpxgnDnyvqVaS8WHkDfuJjTMrE4r5SxhmpsRv4-1739789009-1.2.1.1-Gb6RCh1J2ftz9bhGHWUuUvs7KOBQq1OVIicr10WoZ.n68iQCAEVgopX8xf57NOlRf0pwdDyiS6pUX4JQLn_7FzhiX07Xm6631ZO6dK3yMJa_Ri4uafkDUquU4pBOMk7q.V8owkswihhWlSeEuiJY9Jn8ohJg2L7Gej9kqP5Lw9tWGHJbSwx_pU1lrH9miF1Eg3wIhl5V9uLW65Wns9x37bgU.VhT6npx506bZGgCw75_rliAmPj_gxYd9jKzv.0yiC4j.6Of1E14cj.PC9yXe9Uyae_jjlEbc3omVmD10KY1Rso93dCmdP8TUp0bttNqHZG3ADxcP7BnfP8kwcsKfo3HzK2il_j1PD0XFZFpys_kTOqZT0Pmt3D4udDX_dFztxjAH0VeJP6kFNVFbtI0FQGAHWCrjd0GtxfxqCxCpz3R4Y9bdXcHXSrKT.z7nYi5zjPMji4bSt4L.o_k3xTFuEQORBwnR8B6lBzlihPEvwIKaJBZlGE.ZJwnyXcoFenErK1.1qBcGdtutm2eV7w8pN5yUBrsrNiVLNxwnmmpRxvui_ejEkLwwraSOIADJ3vo.fMR0eBzRLNLCCw8JttJJ5H2PaSoTjF9ZTq7fVdGJM7aiJsZCZYgTJEVjRwt9ag6nuUSXw2W3OlzRT7W1vLVxobF5E0SnHKOnT6T76N7nuQhMt6n42C.aGcMwk1YW2T7hIZbv4dH6Udkygejc1EKgi1zfSO_lUNKUVEYdyJ6aWcOX76k6vG5bAM3fjeNn44ToeqiHqPsZw1DKP84AnIPNtFYNQJWNxUOnimW8JvAclq4H15GuncCsANSvgr344qJPU0T77p.mjcH4P4idhqZIOEmJTbt3TeVOM1l0LwoSUfsV_TAPMziMIlo3V.8xZ690LJPMAD12.hanq.4l164iWS8nFu6Fq.zZL.dGBsBo9GC0WxFik5UBS6w2CNnEJWJlTPbXtLmJzQYAAdOYpNY1Lk7diZGTJrTb56HbauJV_mcNHCibaLwQSnUOI4s4YoNeQgvaib_Ab_WNxTWiWl5MmuQBDpCwLqRrLYVa7SupnGZc0jkixCNMdjSKjw6yl_QUOMzucuS5gF0ytmoZGaYWWyjmSYeTEGabnTGGS9905AICwvC3JzXQzRlP_0QC_oSUnA4StEDeS3_BCaLGYDpwTokzPOMMbhKFwEhCA5dl89EsQSr4wTHrujUwiYvoynCO191PqhRYkOWJ5JT8RPemDb0CrxZbN.GOtnk0r4Btt_UKdK243KsIraMJEucz.VW6EcxH5C7oUctw_QBGhZnrBE68PpApwXl5tZV7cK9IhlD0XoYPYftZPwB5WmB_7sP7H_63JIvXOretKGcwrU2BwIuwm4lUm4Pqm_C2Y4I3Oy8csB.o9uKq2Lnn_gyqf3UAGdDPZmwVa4BfsL0VdyLWLoVneeehTwFPU8QHM3Wj69QtvZ7aXbxqMJ.p8wyH_FeXpPuiwSOO0aw6C.v5SthjKsDnOLguTQHB2FYH0IYX3K65YUmWjiDr1Tw3cAeGnxSaKOQId8xFNT9_qWiovQBog3uwxywiXjdD5gSX.bhpMNuaZOTV2Cw4vm9BEDsxudBBa1oLSJwWYmkFrG3h3K2l1ib.fB4yoUJsTEy.haZ114dLsavjZJkbjrnnllLl3T8hcAJ8ibpG4XuyDDNMjLQGJ.Fb3sFL5jXkXDJsF.G6fK4meBAQUZgwXZYkfybOgbZ_i6l.rbiY0J0MOij1_pGpV_tH51V0zxC2udhSAE7GMKwO9CMZpHjphlIqxrSEX3eeSZvmmAnNTbieMGtkSbpiqvuuza1y.J4P57X_tHAZPRrU50OKLhocHaCuNhkF.xm9dl_YK.giAiRF3rqqE45YWQeBIKCYLYMfCLkU1W65eYFhV.7dstY127T.DUic3VVwseZj89sxiWqj2GRMWedlo0m7Ewkq.SXT3Fhh3iClwTTap677tQrwbq2OlFivqSY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91352d3f5c83f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Doaa%20Hashad&__cf_chl_rt_tk=1HXAk4SsJWE0oLFjU7tZ99apDyMnBjbPpiuUsjRautk-1739789009-1.0.1.1-r8c5MisndQi8iSuHrF41DsILEQVVLvmL9X47ltzYKpY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>