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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Libu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Старажытныя лівійцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старажытныя лівійцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu" title="Libu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Libu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu" title="Libu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Libu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Λίμπου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίμπου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu" title="Libu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libou" title="Libou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Libou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu" title="Libu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95" title="ליבו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליבו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liboe" title="Liboe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liboe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96_(%E9%83%A8%E6%97%8F)" title="リブ (部族) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リブ (部族)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu" title="Libu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Libu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Либу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Либу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libu" title="Libu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Libu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Libu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Libu (disambiguation)">Libu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="font-size:100%; width:300px; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; background: #FFFFDE [[Category:Egypt portal]]; color: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; line-height:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FFE39B [[Category:Egypt portal]]"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" />Libu in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align:middle; background-color: #FFFFDE [[Category:Egypt portal]]; color: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]]; border: #993300 [[Category:Egypt portal]] 1px solid; padding: 0.4em;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D58.png?12f84" height="35" title="D58 [b]" alt="b" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A1.png?f2968" height="31" title="A1" alt="A1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z2.png?805ea" height="8" title="Z2" alt="Z2" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br />rbw</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian,_an_Assyrian,_a_Nubian,_and_Libyans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian%2C_an_Assyrian%2C_a_Nubian%2C_and_Libyans.jpg/220px-From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian%2C_an_Assyrian%2C_a_Nubian%2C_and_Libyans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian%2C_an_Assyrian%2C_a_Nubian%2C_and_Libyans.jpg/330px-From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian%2C_an_Assyrian%2C_a_Nubian%2C_and_Libyans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian%2C_an_Assyrian%2C_a_Nubian%2C_and_Libyans.jpg/440px-From_right_to_left_an_Egyptian%2C_an_Assyrian%2C_a_Nubian%2C_and_Libyans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>From right to left an Egyptian, an Assyrian, a Nubian, and four Libu men, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Menu_von_Minutoli" title="Heinrich Menu von Minutoli">Heinrich von Minutoli</a> (1820)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Libu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <i lang="egy">rbw</i>; also transcribed <b>Rebu</b>, <b>Libo</b>, <b>Lebu</b>, <b>Lbou</b>, <b>Libou</b>) were an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient Libyan</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> origin, from which the name <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libya</a></i> derives.<sup id="cite_ref-EB319_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB319-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg/220px-Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg/330px-Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg/440px-Ramesses_III_faience_tile_-_Libyan_chief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">faience</a> tile from the throne of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a> depicting a tattooed ancient Libyan chief (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1184</span> to 1153 BC).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg/220px-Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg/330px-Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg/440px-Egypte_louvre_131_statuette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1377" /></a><figcaption>Vanquished Libyan. Bronze inlaid with gold and silver, reign of Rameses II (19th Dynasty) 1279–1213 BCE. (Louvre Museum, Paris)</figcaption></figure> <p>Their tribal origin in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient Libya</a> is first attested in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a> texts from the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>, especially from the <a href="/wiki/Ramesside_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramesside Period">Ramesside Period</a>. The earliest occurrence is in a <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> inscription.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were no vowels in the Egyptian script. The name Libu is written as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rbw" class="extiw" title="wikt:rbw">rbw</a></i> in Egyptian hieroglyphs. In the <a href="/wiki/Great_Karnak_Inscription" title="Great Karnak Inscription">Great Karnak Inscription</a>, the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a> describes the Libu as men with pale complexion, tattooed, and with dark hair and eyes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Hostilities between <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and Libya broke out in regnal year 5 (1208 BCE), but the coalition of Libu and <a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a> led by the chief of the Libu <a href="/wiki/Meryey" title="Meryey">Meryey</a> was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Libu</i> appears as an ethnic name on <i>the <a href="/wiki/Merneptah_Stele" title="Merneptah Stele">Merneptah Stele</a></i>, also known as the <i>Israel Stele</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a> defeated the Libyans in the 5th year of his reign, but six years later the Libyans joined the <a href="/wiki/Meshwesh" title="Meshwesh">Meshwesh</a> and invaded the western Delta and were defeated once again.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This name <i>Libu</i> was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Greeks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a>, who co-existed with them.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geographically, the name of this tribe was adopted by the Greeks for "Cyrenaica" as well as for northwestern Africa in general.<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the neo-<a href="/wiki/Punic" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic">Punic</a> inscriptions, <i>Libu</i> was written as <b>Lby</b> for the <a href="/wiki/Masculine" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine">masculine</a> noun, and <b>Lbt</b> for the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">feminine</a> noun of <i>Libyan</i>. The name supposedly was used as an ethnic name in those inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-ELC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Great_Chiefs_of_the_Libu">Great Chiefs of the Libu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Great Chiefs of the Libu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Western <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>, some time during the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Dynasty of Egypt">22nd Dynasty of Egypt</a> flourished a realm of the Libu led by "Great Chiefs of the Libu".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those rulers soon formed a dynasty, and they often had local "Chiefs of the <a href="/wiki/Meshwesh" title="Meshwesh">Ma(shuash)</a>" as their subordinates. The dynasty culminated with the chiefdom of <a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a> who, despite holding both the titles of "Great Chief of the Libu" and of "Chief of the Ma" at <a href="/wiki/Sais" class="mw-redirect" title="Sais">Sais</a>, was more probably of Egyptian ethnicity rather than either Libu or Ma.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Tefnakht claimed for himself even the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaonic</a> titles, founding the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24th Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Below lists the succession of the known "Great Chiefs of the Libu". They used to date their monuments following the <a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">regnal years</a> of the contemporary pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-ber_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ber-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg/297px-Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg" decoding="async" width="297" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg/446px-Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg/594px-Libyans_from_the_Tomb_of_Seti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Libyan Princes from the Tomb of Seti, as seen by <a href="/wiki/Oric_Bates" title="Oric Bates">Oric Bates</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="10%">Name </th> <th width="10%">Image </th> <th width="20%">Attested in regnal year... </th> <th width="10%">Corresponding absolute datation </th> <th width="50%">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Inamunnifnebu </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg/100px-Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg/150px-Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg/200px-Stele_Inamunnifnebu_Moscow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Year 31 of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a><sup id="cite_ref-ber_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ber-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>795 BCE </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niumateped </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png/100px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png/150px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png/200px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y8_Spiegelberg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Year 4 of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a><br />Year 8 of Shoshenq IV<br />Year 10 of Shoshenq IV<sup id="cite_ref-jw_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jw-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- BCE </td> <td>Possibly two different rulers with the same name </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tjerpahati </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg/100px-Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg/150px-Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg/200px-Stele_67.119_Brooklyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Year 7 of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a><br />Year 15 of Shoshenq V<sup id="cite_ref-jw_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jw-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>760 BCE<br />753 BCE </td> <td>Also known in literature as Tjerper or Titaru, son of Didi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ker </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg/100px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg/150px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg/200px-Stele_Shoshenq_V_Y19_M%C3%BCller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Year 19 of Shoshenq V<sup id="cite_ref-ber_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ber-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>749 BCE </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rudamun </td> <td> </td> <td>Year 30 of Shoshenq V<sup id="cite_ref-ber_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ber-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>738 BCE </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankhhor" title="Ankhhor">Ankhhor</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Year 37 of Shoshenq V<br />Year ? of Shoshenq V<sup id="cite_ref-ber_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ber-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>731 BCE<br />? BCE </td> <td>Struggled against Tefnakht and was likely defeated by him </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tefnakht_Athens_stela_(T._Efthimiadis)_det.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg/100px-Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg/150px-Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg/200px-Tefnakht_Athens_stela_%28T._Efthimiadis%29_det.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Year 36 of Shoshenq V<br />Year 38 of Shoshenq V<sup id="cite_ref-ber_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ber-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>732 BCE<br />730 BCE </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Ancient Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garamantes" title="Garamantes">Garamantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshwesh" title="Meshwesh">Meshwesh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB319-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB319_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZimmermann2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Zimmermann, K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/319">"Lebou/Libou"</a>. <i>Encyclopédie berbère</i>. Vol. 28-29 | Kirtēsii – Lutte. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud. pp. <span class="nowrap">4361–</span>4363. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fencyclopedieberbere.319">10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.319</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lebou%2FLibou&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+berb%C3%A8re&rft.place=Aix-en-Provence&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4361-%3C%2Fspan%3E4363&rft.pub=Edisud&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fencyclopedieberbere.319&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedieberbere.revues.org%2F319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, Desmond J. (ed.) (1982) "Egypt and Libia" <i>The Cambridge History of Africa: From the earliest times to c. 500 BC</i> volume I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 919, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22215-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22215-X">0-521-22215-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Breasted, James H. (1906) <i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Records_of_Egypt" title="Ancient Records of Egypt">Ancient Records of Egypt</a></i>, Part Three, Chicago, §§572ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CM-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CM_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManassa2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Darnell" title="Colleen Darnell">Manassa, Colleen</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/323264"><i>The Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah: Grand Strategy in the 13th Century B.C.</i></a> New Haven: Yale Egyptological Seminar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780974002507" title="Special:BookSources/9780974002507"><bdi>9780974002507</bdi></a>. <q>The seventy-nine line inscription is located on the interior of the east wall of the "Cours De la Cachette," directly north of a copy of the Hittite treaty from the reign of Ramesses II and in conjunction with other reliefs of Merneptah (PM II, p. 131 [486])... Unfortunately, the excavation of the Cours De la Cachette between 1978-1981 by the French expedition at Karnak did not discover any new blocks belonging to the Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah, although it did demonstrate that the court was filled with many ritual and religious scenes in addition to its known military themes (F. LeSaout, "Reconstitution des murs de la Cours De la Cachette," Cahiers De Karrah VII (1978-1981) [Paris, 1982], p. 214).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Karnak+Inscription+of+Merneptah%3A+Grand+Strategy+in+the+13th+Century+B.C.&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+Egyptological+Seminar&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780974002507&rft.aulast=Manassa&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F323264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>[...] The vile chief of the <b>Libu</b> who fled under cover of night alone without a feather on his head, his feet unshod, his wives seized before his very eyes, the meal for his food taken away, and without water in the water-skin to keep him alive; the faces of his brothers are savage to kill him, his captains fighting one against the other, their camps burnt and made into ashes [...]</i> <i>After</i> Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1964) <i>Egypt of the Pharaohs: an introduction</i> Oxford University Press, London, p. 273, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-500267-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-500267-9">0-19-500267-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. H. Breasted, <i>Ancient Records of Egypt</i>, Part Four, Chicago 1906, §§83ff. Afterward, the name appeared repeatedly in other <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaonic records</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fage, J. D. (ed.) (1978) "The Libyans" <i>The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 BC to AD 1050</i> volume II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 141, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-21592-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-21592-7">0-521-21592-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etymology_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Libya">"Libya"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libya&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DLibya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ELC_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas_C._Oden2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas C. Oden (2011). <i>Early Libyan Christianity: Uncovering a North African Tradition</i>. InterVarsity Press. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0830869541" title="Special:BookSources/978-0830869541"><bdi>978-0830869541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Libyan+Christianity%3A+Uncovering+a+North+African+Tradition&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0830869541&rft.au=Thomas+C.+Oden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/?p=14464">O'Connor, David. "Egyptians and Libyans in the New Kingdom" <i>Expedition Magazine</i> 29.3. Penn Museum, 1987</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P.R. Del Francia, "Di una statuetta dedicata ad Amon-Ra dal grande capo dei Ma Tefnakht nel Museo Egizio di Firenze", S. Russo (ed.) Atti del V Convegno Nazionale di Egittologia e Papirologia, Firenze, 10-12 dicembre 1999, Firenze, 2000, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKitchen1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kitchen" title="Kenneth Kitchen">Kitchen, Kenneth A.</a> (1996). <i>The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC)</i>. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85668-298-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85668-298-5"><bdi>0-85668-298-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Intermediate+Period+in+Egypt+%281100%E2%80%93650+BC%29&rft.place=Warminster&rft.pub=Aris+%26+Phillips+Limited&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-85668-298-5&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span>, § 249; 306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ber-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ber_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ber_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ber_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ber_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ber_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ber_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerlandini1978" class="citation journal cs1">Berlandini, Jocelyne (1978). "Une stèle de donation du dynaste libyen Roudamon". <i>BIFAO</i>. <b>78</b>: 162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BIFAO&rft.atitle=Une+st%C3%A8le+de+donation+du+dynaste+libyen+Roudamon&rft.volume=78&rft.pages=162&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Berlandini&rft.aufirst=Jocelyne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jw-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jw_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jw_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJansen-Winkeln2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jansen-Winkeln, Karl (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/4304/1/Jansen-Winkeln_Die_Grossfuertsen_2014.pdf">"Die "Großfürsten der Libu" im westlichen Delta in der späten 22. Dynastie"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Egyptian History</i>. <b>7</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">194–</span>202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18741665-12340017">10.1163/18741665-12340017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+History&rft.atitle=Die+%22Gro%C3%9Ff%C3%BCrsten+der+Libu%22+im+westlichen+Delta+in+der+sp%C3%A4ten+22.+Dynastie&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E194-%3C%2Fspan%3E202&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18741665-12340017&rft.aulast=Jansen-Winkeln&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fpropylaeumdok%2F4304%2F1%2FJansen-Winkeln_Die_Grossfuertsen_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> 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style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjissa (page does not exist)">Adjissa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awerba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awerba (page does not exist)">Awerba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awregha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awregha (page does not exist)">Awregha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azdeja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azdeja (page does not exist)">Azdeja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahlula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahlula (page does not exist)">Bahlula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barghawata" title="Barghawata">Barghawata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazaz (page does not exist)">Fazaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fendelawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fendelawa (page does not exist)">Fendelawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Ghomaras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Ghomaras (page does not exist)">Ghumara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazoula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazoula (page does not exist)">Gazoula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Ghiatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Ghiatas (page does not exist)">Ghiatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godala" title="Godala">Godala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanches</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haskura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haskura (page does not exist)">Haskura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawwara" title="Hawwara">Hawwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutama" title="Kutama">Kutama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sedouikech" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedouikech">Sedouikech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguatan" title="Laguatan">Luwata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madyuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madyuna (page does not exist)">Madyuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masmuda" title="Masmuda">Masmuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hintata" title="Hintata">Hintata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Matmatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Matmatas (page does not exist)">Matmata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nafzawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nafzawa (page does not exist)">Nafzawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhaja" title="Sanhaja">Sanhaja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamtuna" title="Lamtuna">Lamtuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenata" title="Zenata">Zanata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ifran" title="Banu Ifran">Banu Ifran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarawa_(Berber_tribe)" title="Jarawa (Berber tribe)">Jarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrawa" title="Maghrawa">Maghrawa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brabers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brabers (page does not exist)">Brabers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoui_people" title="Chaoui people">Chaouis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenouas" title="Chenouas">Chenouas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghomaras" title="Ghomaras">Ghomaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawwara" title="Hawwara">Hawwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerba_people" title="Jerba people">Jerbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_people" title="Kabyle people">Kabyles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matmata_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matmata people (page does not exist)">Matmatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozabite_people" title="Mozabite people">Mozabites</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nafusi_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nafusi people (page does not exist)">Nafusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riffians" title="Riffians">Riffians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanhajas_de_Srayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanhajas de Srayr (page does not exist)">Sanhajas de Srayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilha_people" title="Shilha people">Shilha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwi_people" title="Siwi people">Siwis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekna" title="Tekna">Teknas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuaregs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayanes" title="Zayanes">Zayanes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_tribes" title="Berber tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Latin script</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_and_Islam" title="Berbers and Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Berber">Arab-Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabized_Berber" title="Arabized Berber">Arabized Berbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber diaspora">Berber diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_Belgium" title="Berbers in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Canadians" title="Berber Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbers_in_France" title="Berbers in 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