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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Halldór Laxness</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 92 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="هالدور لاكسنس – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالدور لاكسنس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="هالدور لاكسنس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هالدور لاكسنس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldor_Laksness" title="Halldor Laksness – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Halldor Laksness" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="هالدور لاکسنس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هالدور لاکسنس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Хальдаўр Кільян Лакснес – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хальдаўр Кільян Лакснес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Гальдаўр Кільян Лякснэс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гальдаўр Кільян Лякснэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Халдоур Лакснес – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халдоур Лакснес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="হলডর ল্যাক্সনেস – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হলডর ল্যাক্সনেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%81_%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Χαλντόρ Λάξνες – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλντόρ Λάξνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="هالدور لاکسنس – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هالدور لاکسنس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="הלדור לכסנס – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלדור לכסנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="हालडोर लाक्सनेस – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हालडोर लाक्सनेस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Հալդոր Լաքսնես – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հալդոր Լաքսնես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9" title="ハルドル・ラクスネス – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハルドル・ラクスネス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჰალდორ ლაქსნესი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰალდორ ლაქსნესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Халлдор Кильян Лакснесс – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халлдор Кильян Лакснесс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಾಲ್ಡೋರ್ ಲ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್‍ನೆಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಾಲ್ಡೋರ್ ಲ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್‍ನೆಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%93%A4%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4_%EB%9D%BD%EC%8A%A4%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="하들도르 락스네스 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하들도르 락스네스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Лакснесс Хальдоур Кильян – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лакснесс Хальдоур Кильян" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldors_Laksness" title="Haldors Laksness – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haldors Laksness" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Халдор Лакснес – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Халдор Лакснес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹാൾദോർ ലാക്നെസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാൾദോർ ലാക്നെസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="हालडोर लाक्सनेस – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हालडोर लाक्सनेस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="هالدور لاکسنس – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هالدور لاکسنس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8" title="ਹਲਡੋਰ ਲੈਕਸਨਸ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਲਡੋਰ ਲੈਕਸਨਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ہالڈر لیکسنس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہالڈر لیکسنس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Лакснесс, Халлдор Кильян – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лакснесс, Халлдор Кильян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Halldór Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldor_Kiljan_Laxness" title="Halldor Kiljan Laxness – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Halldor Kiljan Laxness" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Халдоур Лакснес – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халдоур Лакснес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹால்டார் லேக்ஸ்நஸ்ஸின் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹால்டார் லேக்ஸ்நஸ்ஸின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA" title="ฮัลล์ดอร์ คิลยัน ลักซ์เนส – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮัลล์ดอร์ คิลยัน ลักซ์เนส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Һаллдор Лакснесс – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һаллдор Лакснесс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Галдор Лакснесс – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Галдор Лакснесс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ہالڈورلیکسنس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہالڈورلیکسنس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF" title="哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჰალდორ ლაქსნესი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰალდორ ლაქსნესი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF" title="哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Halldór Laxness" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF" title="拉克斯內斯 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉克斯內斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" 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Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet autor" style="background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Halldór Kiljan Laxness <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness_1955.jpg/220px-Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness_1955.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Halldór Laxness în anul 1955</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Nume la naștere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span lang="is">Halldór Guðjónsson</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P1449" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1902-04-23"><a href="/wiki/23_aprilie" title="23 aprilie">23 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a></time><sup id="cite_ref-9cfaa1a5de7b06255cb26dc90ca982c0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9cfaa1a5de7b06255cb26dc90ca982c0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup id="cite_ref-6f0f552660e63e5cc9118706bf17e01a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6f0f552660e63e5cc9118706bf17e01a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-0d0f57062de351542d3cb05f198dddab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0d0f57062de351542d3cb05f198dddab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-06231aa456f8dca90cb876c38c7eeb8b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-06231aa456f8dca90cb876c38c7eeb8b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup id="cite_ref-a7cffda7822193aeca54f4ec1422d396_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a7cffda7822193aeca54f4ec1422d396-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Danemarcei" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Danemarcei">Regatul Danemarcei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756617" class="extiw" title="d:Q756617"><span title="Regatul Danemarcei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="1998-02-08"><a href="/wiki/8_februarie" title="8 februarie">8 februarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a></time> (95 de ani)<sup id="cite_ref-de73a7aedd2bbfccfb229ff1e3e3ff6b_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de73a7aedd2bbfccfb229ff1e3e3ff6b-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mosfellsb%C3%A6r" title="Mosfellsbær">Mosfellsbær</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital Region — pagină inexistentă">Capital Region</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203304" class="extiw" title="d:Q203304"><span title="Capital Region la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P20" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cauza decesului</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Boala_Alzheimer" title="Boala Alzheimer">boala Alzheimer</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P509" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Căsătorit cu</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14367307" class="extiw" title="d:Q14367307"><span lang="is">Auður Laxness</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="is">Auður Laxness</span> (Icelandic writer and craftswoman)|]]</span><small> (din <time datetime="1945-12-24">24 decembrie 1945</time>)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P26" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Copii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q437921" class="extiw" title="d:Q437921"><span lang="is">Guðný Halldórsdóttir</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="is">Guðný Halldórsdóttir</span> (Icelandic film director and screenwriter (born 1954))|]]</span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P40" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cetățenie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P27" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Biserica_Catolic%C4%83" title="Biserica Catolică">Biserica Catolică</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Luteranism" title="Luteranism">luteranism</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P140" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">romancier, scriitor</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Locul desfășurării activității</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P937" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_islandez%C4%83" title="Limba islandeză">Limba islandeză</a><sup id="cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Activitatea literară</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Activ ca scriitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Secolul_XX" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XX">Secolul XX</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Specie_(literatur%C4%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specie (literatură)">Specie literară</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Roman_(literatur%C4%83)" title="Roman (literatură)">roman</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF;">Note</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Premii</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură</a></b>, 1955</td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##4C6099 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80321" class="extiw" title="d:Q80321">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Scriitor" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medalia Premiului Nobel"><img alt="Medalia Premiului Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/15px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/23px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Medalia Premiului Nobel</figcaption></figure> <p><b><span class="metadata"><span class="unicode">Halldór Kiljan Laxness</span> <sup><small><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Is-Halldor_kiljan_laxness.oga" class="internal" title="Is-Halldor kiljan laxness.oga">► pronunție ►</a></small></sup> </span></b> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_islandez%C4%83" title="Limba islandeză">islandeză</a> <i>ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs</i>; nume la naștere <b>Halldór Guðjónsson</b>; n. <time datetime="1902-04-23"><a href="/wiki/23_aprilie" title="23 aprilie">23 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Danemarcei" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Danemarcei">Regatul Danemarcei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756617" class="extiw" title="d:Q756617"><span title="Regatul Danemarcei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> – d. <time datetime="1998-02-08"><a href="/wiki/8_februarie" title="8 februarie">8 februarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a></time>, <a href="/wiki/Mosfellsb%C3%A6r" title="Mosfellsbær">Mosfellsbær</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital Region — pagină inexistentă">Capital Region</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203304" class="extiw" title="d:Q203304"><span title="Capital Region la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a>) a fost un <a href="/wiki/Scriitor" title="Scriitor">scriitor</a> <a href="/wiki/Islandezi" title="Islandezi">islandez</a>. De-a lungul activității sale a scris <a href="/wiki/Poezie" title="Poezie">poezii</a>, articole pentru ziare, <a href="/wiki/Pies%C4%83_de_teatru" title="Piesă de teatru">piese de teatru</a>, cărți de călătorii, <a href="/wiki/Povestire" title="Povestire">povestiri</a> și <a href="/wiki/Roman_(literatur%C4%83)" title="Roman (literatură)">romane</a>. A fost influențat de scriitorii <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Este singurul islandez laureat cu <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel" title="Premiul Nobel">Premiul Nobel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motivația_Juriului_Nobel"><span id="Motiva.C8.9Bia_Juriului_Nobel"></span>Motivația Juriului Nobel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Motivația Juriului Nobel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Motivația Juriului Nobel"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>"...pentru via sa forță etică ce a reînnoit marea artă narativă a Islandei" </i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_biografice">Date biografice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Date biografice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Date biografice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Laxness_portrett_einar_hakonarson_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Laxness_portrett_einar_hakonarson_1984.jpg/220px-Laxness_portrett_einar_hakonarson_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Laxness_portrett_einar_hakonarson_1984.jpg/330px-Laxness_portrett_einar_hakonarson_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Laxness_portrett_einar_hakonarson_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Halldór Laxness de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einar_H%C3%A1konarson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einar Hákonarson — pagină inexistentă">Einar Hákonarson</a>, 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>S-a născut sub numele de Halldór Guðjónsson (după tradiția <a href="/wiki/Patronim" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronim">patronimicii</a> islandeze) la Reykjavik, la 23 aprilie 1902, ca fiu al lui Guðjón Helgason si al lui Sigríður Halldórsdóttir. După ce a petrecut primii săi ani în capitala Islandei, în 1905 s-a mutat cu familia la Laxnes, lângă <a href="/wiki/Mosfellsb%C3%A6r" title="Mosfellsbær">Mosfellsbær</a>, o zona rurală imediat la nord de <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>. De mic copil a început să citească literatură și să scrie povestiri. La 14 ani i-a apărut cel dintâi articol în ziarul Morgunblaðið, sub semnătura H.G. </p><p>Halldór Guðjónsson va adopta pseudonimul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laxness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laxness — pagină inexistentă">Laxness</a> după denumirea locului în care se afla ferma părintească. De condiție socială modestă, el va fi nevoit să exercite diferite meserii înainte de a se putea consacra adevăratei sale vocații, cea literară; avatarurile însă îl vor ajuta să-și lărgească orizontul de cunoaștere a vieții și vor adânci realismul viziunii sale. Debutează la 17 ani. </p><p>Trăiește câtva timp o criză de <a href="/wiki/Misticism" title="Misticism">misticism</a>, în care sub aspect literar suferă pe rând, influența lui <a href="/wiki/Strindberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Strindberg">Strindberg</a>, a filosofiei și <a href="/wiki/Expresionism" title="Expresionism">expresionismului</a> german, a <a href="/wiki/Suprarealism" title="Suprarealism">suprarealismului</a> și a lui <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a>. La 21 ani se convertește la <a href="/wiki/Catolicism" title="Catolicism">catolicism</a> și își adaugă prenumele <i>Kiljan</i> în cinstea <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Kilian" title="Sfântul Kilian">Sfântului Kilian</a>. A studiat <a href="/wiki/Teologie" title="Teologie">teologia</a> în Italia, apoi la mănăstirea <a href="/wiki/Clervaux" title="Clervaux">Clervaux</a>. Lecturile sale din suprarealiști și din <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a> i-au influențat primul său roman mai însemnat, „<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marele_%C8%9Bes%C4%83tor_din_Ca%C8%99mir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marele țesător din Cașmir — pagină inexistentă">Marele țesător din Cașmir</a></i>”. Călător pasionat, a vizitat <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Scandinav%C4%83" title="Peninsula Scandinavă">țările scandinave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a> și de două ori în <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> (în <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> și <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>). În vremea călătoriilor sale în <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a> și <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, leagă o strânsă prietenie cu scriitorul <a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a>. Impresionat negativ de racilele societății capitaliste așa cum le constată în America de Nord, se îndepărtează de ideologia religioasă și devine captivat de tezele <a href="/wiki/Comunism" title="Comunism">comuniste</a>. Întors în <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a>, se căsătorește în 1930. A divorțat însă după 6 ani, în 1936. Se va recăsători la 43 ani, în 1945, cu o tânără de 21 ani. </p><p>Trei mari cicluri cuprind operele sale cele mai de seamă: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salka_Valka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salka Valka — pagină inexistentă">Salka Valka</a></i> (1931 - 1932), în care preocupările sociale sunt evidențiate în urmărirea evoluției unei tinere muncitoare; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oameni_independen%C8%9Bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oameni independenți — pagină inexistentă">Oameni independenți</a></i> (1934 -1935), care transpune literar lupta eroică a țărănimii islandeze; în sfârșit, ciclul care-i va aduce gloria, apărut între anii 1937 și 1940, tetralogia <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saga_despre_poetul_Olafur_Karason_Lyosvikijur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saga despre poetul Olafur Karason Lyosvikijur — pagină inexistentă">Saga despre poetul Olafur Karason Lyosvikijur</a></i>, reflectare destul de transparentă a epocii hitleriste. </p><p>Prin toate aceste romane, Halldór Laxness se impune ca un scriitor situat pe poziții democratice, progresiste, ceea ce-i atrage critici violente din partea cercurilor reacționare internaționale. Între 1940 și 1945 apare trilogia cuprinzând <i><a href="/wiki/Clopotul_din_Islanda" title="Clopotul din Islanda">Clopotul din Islanda</a></i> care îl consacră definitiv și este considerată capodopera sa. </p><p>Membru în <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consiliul_Mondial_al_P%C4%83cii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consiliul Mondial al Păcii — pagină inexistentă">Consiliul Mondial al Păcii</a></i>, laureat al <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premiului_Interna%C8%9Bional_pentru_Pace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premiului Internațional pentru Pace — pagină inexistentă">Premiului Internațional pentru Pace</a></i>, scriitorul umanist, patriot și democrat își va vedea încununată cariera literară prin decernarea, în 1955, a <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Premiului Nobel pentru literatură</a>. </p><p>A murit la 8 februarie 1998 la Gljúfrasteinn, lângă Mosfellsbær, într-un stabiliment pentru bătrâni invalidați, în ultimii ani fiind bolnav de <a href="/wiki/Boala_Alzheimer" title="Boala Alzheimer">boala Alzheimer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opera">Opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Opera"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Marele țesător din Cașmir</i> - <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a></li> <li><i>Cartea poporului</i> (<i>Alþýðubókin</i>) - <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a></li> <li><i>Salka Valka</i> - <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>-<a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a></li> <li><i>Oameni independenți: saga eroică</i> (<i>Sjálfstætt fólk</i>) - <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>-<a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a></li> <li><i>O zi de călătorie pe munți</i> (<i>Dagleið á fjöllum</i>) - <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a></li> <li><i>Castelul din Sommerland</i> - <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a></li> <li><i>Lumina lumii</i> (<i>Heimsljós</i>) - <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></li> <li><i>Casa poetului</i> (<i>Húss skáldsins) -</i> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a></li> <li><i>Frumusețea cerului</i> - <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a></li> <li>Trilogia <i>Clopotul din Islanda</i> - <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>-<a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> <ul><li><i>Clopotul din Islanda</i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fecioara_luminoas%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Fecioara luminoasă">Fecioara luminoasă</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2rjol_%C3%AEn_Copenhaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Pârjol în Copenhaga">Pârjol în Copenhaga</a></i> (<i>Eldur i Kaupinhafn</i>) - <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Stațiunea atomică</i> - <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traduceri">Traduceri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Traduceri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Traduceri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_%C3%AEnt%C3%A2mplare_la_Rejkjavik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O întâmplare la Rejkjavik — pagină inexistentă">O întâmplare la Rejkjavik</a></i>, traducere de Tatiana Berindei, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, București, 1955;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clopotul_din_Islanda" title="Clopotul din Islanda">Clopotul din Islanda</a></i>, traducere de <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Isb%C4%83%C8%99escu" title="Mihai Isbășescu">Mihai Isbășescu</a>, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, București, 1956;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sta%C8%9Biunea_atomic%C4%83" title="Stațiunea atomică">Stațiunea atomică</a></i>, traducere de Radu Popescu și Ada Chirilă, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, București, 1956;</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sub_ghe%C8%9Bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sub ghețar — pagină inexistentă">Sub ghețar</a></i>, traducere de Crenguța Napristoc, Editura Niculescu, București, 2006.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9cfaa1a5de7b06255cb26dc90ca982c0-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9cfaa1a5de7b06255cb26dc90ca982c0_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brockhaus.de/"><i>Halldór Kiljan Laxness</i></a>, <span lang="de">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halld%C3%B3r+Kiljan+Laxness&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22%3EBrockhaus+Enzyklop%C3%A4die%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brockhaus.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6f0f552660e63e5cc9118706bf17e01a-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6f0f552660e63e5cc9118706bf17e01a_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/query?query.id=query-00"><i>Halldor Laxness</i></a>, <span lang="de">Munzinger Personen</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halldor+Laxness&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22%3EMunzinger+Personen%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.munzinger.de%2Fsearch%2Fquery%3Fquery.id%3Dquery-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0d0f57062de351542d3cb05f198dddab-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-0d0f57062de351542d3cb05f198dddab_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/"><i>Halldor Laxness</i></a>, <span lang="en">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halldor+Laxness&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-06231aa456f8dca90cb876c38c7eeb8b-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-06231aa456f8dca90cb876c38c7eeb8b_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/"><i>Halldór Laxness</i></a>, Academia de Arte din Berlin<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-09">9 octombrie 2017</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halld%C3%B3r+Laxness&rft.pub=Academia+de+Arte+din+Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adk.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a7cffda7822193aeca54f4ec1422d396-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a7cffda7822193aeca54f4ec1422d396_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no"><i>Halldór Kiljan Laxness</i></a>, Store norske leksikon</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halld%C3%B3r+Kiljan+Laxness&rft.pub=Store+norske+leksikon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de73a7aedd2bbfccfb229ff1e3e3ff6b-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-de73a7aedd2bbfccfb229ff1e3e3ff6b_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.isabart.org/person/61938"><i><span lang="en">The Fine Art Archive</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-04-01">1 aprilie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+Fine+Art+Archive%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.isabart.org%2Fperson%2F61938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744133" class="extiw" title="d:Q16744133">CONOR.SI</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CONOR.SI_(authority_control_file_for_author_and_corporate_names_in_Slovene_system_COBISS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CONOR.SI (authority control file for author and corporate names in Slovene system COBISS) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%26%238203%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AHalld%C3%B3r+Laxness" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați valoarea <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|titlelink=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_paramlink" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Guðmundsson, pp. 49, 117, 149, 238, 294</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><i>Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură</i> - Almanah "<i>Contemporanul</i>", 1983, pag. 363</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness?uselang=ro">Halldór Laxness</a></b></span> la <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1955/laxness-bio.html">Biografie</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";background:lightgrey;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";background:lightgrey;;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Format:Halldór Laxness"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Halldór Laxness — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";background:lightgrey;;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Opera">Opera literară</a> a lui <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halldór Laxness</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Marele țesător din Cașmir</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>Cartea poporului</i> (1929)</li> <li><i>Salka Valka</i> - (1931-1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oameni_independen%C8%9Bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oameni independenți — pagină inexistentă">Oameni independenți</a>: saga eroică</i> (1934-1935)</li> <li><i>O zi de călătorie pe munți</i> (1937)</li> <li><i>Castelul din Sommerland</i> (1938)</li> <li><i>Lumina lumii</i> (1939)</li> <li><i>Casa poetului</i> (1939)</li> <li><i>Frumusețea cerului</i> (1940)</li> <li><i>Clopotul din Islanda</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Clopotul_din_Islanda" title="Clopotul din Islanda">Clopotul din Islanda</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fecioara_luminoas%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Fecioara luminoasă">Fecioara luminoasă</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2rjol_%C3%AEn_Copenhaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Pârjol în Copenhaga">Pârjol în Copenhaga</a></i> (1946)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sta%C8%9Biunea_atomic%C4%83" title="Stațiunea atomică">Stațiunea atomică</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_%C3%AEnt%C3%A2mplare_la_Rejkjavik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O întâmplare la Rejkjavik — pagină inexistentă">O întâmplare la Rejkjavik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sub_ghe%C8%9Bar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sub ghețar — pagină inexistentă">Sub ghețar</a></i></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";background:#d3d3d3;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975" title="Format:Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură 1951-1975"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură 1951-1975 — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";background:#d3d3d3;;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_laurea%C8%9Bilor_Premiului_Nobel#Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatură" title="Lista laureaților Premiului Nobel">Laureații Premiului Nobel</a> pentru <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Literatură</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a> (1951) <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a> (1952) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1953) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> (1954) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halldór Laxness</a> (1955) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a> (1956) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> (1957) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a> (1958) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> (1959) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a> (1960) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a> (1961) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (1962) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a> (1963) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <i><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (a refuzat premiul)</i> (1964) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mihail_%C8%98olohov" title="Mihail Șolohov">Mihail Șolohov</a> (1965) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Agnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Agnon">Samuel Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a> (1966) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> (1967) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a> (1968) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (1969) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Soljeni%C8%9B%C3%AEn" title="Aleksandr Soljenițîn">Aleksandr Soljenițîn</a> (1970) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a> (1971) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a> (1972) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a> (1973) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a> (1974) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a> (1975) </span></p> </div></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";background:#d3d3d3;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature">Listă completă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_1901-1925" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1901-1925">1901– 1925</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_1926-1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1926-1950">1926– 1950</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Laurea%C8%9Bii_Premiului_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83_1951-1975" title="Format:Laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură 1951-1975"><b>1951– 1975</b></a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_1976-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 1976-2000">1976– 2000</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_Laureates_2001-2025" class="mw-redirect" title="Format:Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates 2001-2025">2001– prezent</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" 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