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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B5_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8" title="Աբխազիոյ Հայերը – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աբխազիոյ Հայերը" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya_erm%C9%99nil%C9%99ri" title="Abxaziya erməniləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abxaziya erməniləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenier_in_Abchasien" title="Armenier in Abchasien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Armenier in Abchasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenoj_en_Ab%C4%A5azio" title="Armenoj en Abĥazio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armenoj en Abĥazio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հայերն Աբխազիայում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայերն Աբխազիայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Армяне в Абхазии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Армяне в Абхазии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱟᱵᱽᱠᱷᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱵᱽᱠᱷᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazya_Ermenileri" title="Abhazya Ermenileri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abhazya Ermenileri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in Abkhazia</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Armenians in Abkhazia</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">41,907 (2011)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_District" title="Sukhumi District">Sukhumi District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulripshi_District" title="Gulripshi District">Gulripshi District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gagra_District" title="Gagra District">Gagra District</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Armenians in Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Armenians in Russia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em; font-family:Palatino Linotype;""><b><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_eternity_sign" title="Armenian eternity sign"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/80px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/120px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png/160px-Right-Facing_Armenian_Eternity_Sign_UC_058D.png 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenian culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_architecture" title="Armenian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Armenia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dress" title="Armenian dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_literature" title="Armenian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">History</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenians_per_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians per country">By country</a> or region</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a> (See also <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Turkey" title="Armenians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_France" title="Armenians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_India" title="Armenians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armenians" title="Iraqi Armenians">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentines" title="Armenian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Uruguayans" title="Armenian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon" title="Armenians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ukraine" title="Armenians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Australians" title="Armenian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Egypt" title="Armenians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Sweden" title="Armenians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Singapore" title="Armenians in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">China</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Subgroups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemshin_people" title="Hemshin people">Hamshenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Cherkesogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Loms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Brotherhood_Church" title="Armenian Brotherhood Church">Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Hetanism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia" title="Languages of Armenia">Languages and dialects</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zok</a>) •  <a href="/wiki/Western_Armenian" title="Western Armenian">Western</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homshetsi_dialect" title="Homshetsi dialect">Homshetsi</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian Sign</a> •  <i><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Sign_Language" title="Caucasian Sign Language">Caucasian Sign</a></i><br /> <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats#Language" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language">Cuman</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language">Armeno-Kipchak</a></i><br />Armenian–Lom: <a href="/wiki/Lomavren_language" title="Lomavren language">Lomavren</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> Persecution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Genocide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Denial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Armenianism">Anti-Armenianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Armenians" title="Hidden Armenians">Hidden Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armenians" title="Template:Armenians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armenians" title="Template talk:Armenians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armenians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armenians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Armenians in Abkhazia</b> form the second largest ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> after the native <a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armenians settled in Abkhazia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are now the largest ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_District" title="Sukhumi District">Sukhumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulripshi_District" title="Gulripshi District">Gulripshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gagra_District" title="Gagra District">Gagra Districts</a> forming 20% of the Abkhazian population with approximately 42,000 out of a total of 242,862.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although a few Armenians lived in Abkhazia in the Middle Ages, significant Armenian immigration to Abkhazia began in the late 19th century when much of Abkhazia became depopulated due to the <a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">exodus of many Abkhaz</a> of Muslim descent to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> crackdown on the rebellion in Abkhazia; at the same time anti-Armenian pogroms started in Turkey and the attitude of the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Porte</a> towards its <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire#Western_Armenia,_1829–1918" title="Armenians in the Ottoman Empire">Armenian subjects</a> became increasingly more brutal.<sup id="cite_ref-landa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More Armenians came to Abkhazia in 1910s fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-landa_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1992–1993 <a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia</a> most of the Armenians<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> remained neutral for a long time, but as Georgian attacks on their settlements increased, they increasingly opted to support Abkhazians<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bagramyan_Battalion" title="Bagramyan Battalion">many fought</a> on their side. Armenians made up a quarter of the Abkhaz army; twenty Armenians were awarded the title of Abkhazian Hero and 242 were killed in battle. Armenian population declined after the war as many Armenians left the country (mainly for Russia and <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>) due to the economic hardships. Armenians have become the largest ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_District" title="Sukhumi District">Sukhumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulripshi_District" title="Gulripshi District">Gulripshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gagra_District" title="Gagra District">Gagra Districts</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_of_Georgians_in_Abkhazia" title="Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia">displacement of ethnic Georgians</a> from these areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest reliable records for Abkhazia are the Family Lists compiled in 1886 (published 1893 in Tbilisi), according to which the Sukhum District's population was 69,000 of which 28,000 were <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz people">Abkhaz</a>. The Armenians in that list totalled 1,090. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Empire Census">1897 census</a> there were 58,697 people in Abkhazia who listed Abkhaz as their mother tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were about 1,500 Armenians in the Sukhumi district (Abkhazia) at that time; its total population was nearly 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Armenians in Abkhazia by districts in 2003<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District (or city) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </th> <th>% </th> <th>Total population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gagra_District" title="Gagra District">Gagra</a> </td> <td>16,322 </td> <td>46.8 </td> <td>34,869 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulripshi_District" title="Gulripshi District">Gulripshi District</a> <small>(excluding <a href="/wiki/Kodori_Valley" title="Kodori Valley">Kodori Valley</a>)</small> </td> <td>9,375 </td> <td>47.0 </td> <td>19,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi_District" title="Sukhumi District">Sukhumi District</a> </td> <td>7,209 </td> <td>61.4 </td> <td>11,747 </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of <a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a> </td> <td>5,565 </td> <td>12.7 </td> <td>43,716 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gudauta_District" title="Gudauta District">Gudauta</a> </td> <td>4,141 </td> <td>12.7 </td> <td>34,869 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ochamchira_District" title="Ochamchira District">Ochamchira</a> </td> <td>2,177 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>24,629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tkvarcheli_District" title="Tkvarcheli District">Tkvarcheli</a> </td> <td>67 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>14,777 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gali_District,_Abkhazia" title="Gali District, Abkhazia">Gali</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>29,287 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> </th> <th>44,870 </th> <th>23.75 </th> <th>213,812 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The Russian, Armenian and Georgian population grew faster than Abkhaz, due to the large-scale migration enforced especially during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a>. </p><p>The following table summarises the results of the other censuses carried out in Abkhazia. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Armenians </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1926 </td> <td align="center">13.8% (<i>25,677</i>) </td> <td>186,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td align="center">15.9% (<i>49,705</i>) </td> <td>311,885 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td align="center">15.9% (<i>64,425</i>) </td> <td>404,738 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td align="center">15.4% (<i>74,850</i>) </td> <td>486,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td align="center">15.1% (<i>73,350</i>) </td> <td>486,082 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td align="center">14.6% (<i>76,541</i>) </td> <td>525,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">***</a></sup> </td> <td align="center">20.8% (<i>44,870</i>) </td> <td>215,972 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><b><a href="#ref_1">^***</a></b></span> <sup id="cite_ref-2003_Census_statistics_(in_Russian)_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2003_Census_statistics_(in_Russian)-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Georgian authorities did not acknowledge the results of this census and consider it illegitimate. At the same time, the Abkhaz authorities have been accused by local Armenian NGOs of intentionally decreasing the number of Abkhazian-Armenians.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> gives ecclesiastical guidance to most of the Armenians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are ethnic Armenians in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Abkhazia" title="People's Assembly of Abkhazia">People's Assembly of Abkhazia</a> and Armenian-language schools in Abkhazia.<sup id="cite_ref-landa_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Armenians are under-represented in the Assembly as the number of the parliamentarians of this ethnicity is less than their share in the republic population.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council of Armenian Community of Abkhazia has complained over "negative attitude to Armenian population" and has expressed concerns over the distribution of anti-Armenian leaflets, as well as an attempt of sabotage at a Sukhumi Armenian secondary school in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> media began running several stories on the parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections">elections</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, claiming that ethnic Armenians in the area, who make up roughly 20% of the local population, would be controlling the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40997557">V.A. Chirikba: <i>Armenians and their dialects in Abkhazia</i>, in: Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics, Vol. 33 (2008), pp. 51–67.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagramyan_Battalion" title="Bagramyan Battalion">Bagramyan Battalion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=257748&p=crs&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Georgia_2______publish_date_1_10_compact_11">Georgia Offers Citizenship to Diaspora</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_War_and_Peace_Reporting" title="Institute for War and Peace Reporting">IWPR</a>. CRS No. 314, 10-Nov-05; V.A. Chirikba. Armenians and their Dialects in Abkhazia. In: <i>Evidence and Counter-Evidence, Festschrift Frederik Kortlandt</i>, Volume 2, SSGL 33, Amsterdam – New York: Rodopi, p. 51-67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/Georgia.html">"Georgia"</a>. Citypopulation. 2012-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Georgia&rft.pub=Citypopulation&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FGeorgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArmenians+in+Abkhazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-landa_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-landa_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-landa_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Л.С. Ланда (L. S. Landa), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthropology.ru/ru/texts/landa/east07_25.html">Амшенские армяне Абхазии: фрагменты истории</a> (<i>Hamshen Armenians of Abkhazia, fragments of history</i>), Материалы VII Молодежной научной конференции по проблемам философии, религии, культуры Востока. Серия “Symposium”. Выпуск 33. СПб.: Санкт-Петербургское философское общество, 2004. C.106–108)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Krag and Lars Funch. The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads. (Manchester, December 1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=4377">Abkhazia Today.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510033711/http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=4377">Archived</a> May 10, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> Report N°176, 15 September 2006, page 5</i>. Retrieved on May 30, 2007. <i>Free registration needed to view full report</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AGBU, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=159">ABKHAZIA ARMENIANS: HOLDING A HOME IN AN UNSTABLE TERRITORY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017232803/http://www.agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=159">Archived</a> 2007-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 11/1/2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Security of the Caspian Sea Region pg 286 by Alexander Kyrlov edited by Genadi Chufrin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1-я Всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Кутаисская губерния. Спб: 1905. С. 32б retrieved from "АБХАЗИЯ-1992: ПОСТОКОММУНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ВАНДЕЯ" by <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Chervonnaya" title="Svetlana Chervonnaya">Svetlana Chervonnaya</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatchina3000.ru/brockhaus-and-efron-encyclopedic-dictionary/098/98427.htm">Sukhum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary" title="Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary">Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html">ETHNO-CAUCASUS – НАСЕЛЕНИЕ КАВКАЗА – РЕСПУБЛИКА АБХАЗИЯ – НАСЕЛЕНИЕ АБХАЗИИ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Управление Государственной Статистики Республики Абхазия «Абхазия в цифрах», г. Сухум, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2003_Census_statistics_(in_Russian)-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2003_Census_statistics_(in_Russian)_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html">2003 Census statistics</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armradio.am/news/?id=4999&part=pol">The authorities in Abkhazia intentionally decrease the number of Armenians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531152814/http://www.armradio.am/news/?id=4999&part=pol">Archived</a> May 31, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Public Radio of Armenia. February 2, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=4377">Abkhazia Today.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510033711/http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?l=1&id=4377">Archived</a> May 10, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> Report N°176, 15 September 2006, page 10</i>. Retrieved on 30 May 2007. <i>Free registration needed to view full report</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armtown.com/news/en/pan/20060116/16008/">ARMENIAN COMMUNITY OF ABKHAZIA CONCERNED OVER NEGATIVE ATTITUDE TO ARMENIAN POPULATION</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716081927/http://www.armtown.com/news/en/pan/20060116/16008/">Archived</a> 2011-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>armtwon.com</i>. January 16, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/772350.html">"Армянский вопрос" в Абхазии глазами грузинских СМИ, Regnum</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armenian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armenian_diaspora" title="Template:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armenian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armenian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armenian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armenian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_population_by_country" title="Armenian population by country">Population by country</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Historical_Armenian_population" title="Historical Armenian population">historical</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_population_by_urban_area" title="Armenian population by urban area">Population by urban area</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_ethnic_enclaves" title="List of Armenian ethnic enclaves">Ethnic enclaves</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmenianDiaspora.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Armenian population by country."><img alt="Armenian population by country." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/400px-ArmenianDiaspora.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/600px-ArmenianDiaspora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/ArmenianDiaspora.png/800px-ArmenianDiaspora.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic areas of <br /> Armenian settlement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Samtskhe%E2%80%93Javakheti" title="Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti">Javakhk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Nakhchivan" title="Armenians in Nakhchivan">Nakhichevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Turkey" title="Armenians in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Istanbul" title="Armenians in Istanbul">Bolis/Istanbul</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Armenians" title="Hidden Armenians">Hidden Armenians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Western_Armenia" title="Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku" title="Armenians in Baku">Baku</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Zok_language" title="Zok language">Zoks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abkhazia</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Tbilisi" title="Armenians in Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Armenians in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lithuania" title="Armenians in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belarus" title="Armenians in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Central_Asia" title="Armenians in Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Moldova" title="Armenians in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Russia" title="Armenians in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Cherkesogai" title="Cherkesogai">Circassia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ukraine" title="Armenians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Crimea" title="Armenians in Crimea">Crimea</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Argentine">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Brazilians" title="Armenian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Canadians" title="Armenian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Mexicans" title="Armenian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenian_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Armenians in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="Watertown, MA">Boston</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Uruguayans" title="Armenian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Austria" title="Armenians in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Belgium" title="Armenians in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bulgaria" title="Armenians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cypriots" title="Armenian Cypriots">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Armenians in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_France" title="Armenians in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Germany" title="Armenians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Greece" title="Armenians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Hungary" title="Armenians in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Italy" title="Armenians in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Malta" title="Armenians in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Armenians in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Armenians in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_of_Romania" title="Armenians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Serbia" title="Armenians in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Spain" title="Armenians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Sweden" title="Armenians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Switzerland" title="Armenians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Armenians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Middle_East" title="Armenians in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Egypt" title="Armenians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Jordan" title="Armenians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Kuwait" title="Armenians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Lebanon" title="Armenians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Qatar" title="Armenians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Syria" title="Armenians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Armenians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_India" title="Armenians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Indonesia" title="Armenians in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Surabaya" title="Armenians in Surabaya">Surabaya</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Myanmar" title="Armenians in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Pakistan" title="Armenians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Singapore" title="Armenians in Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Ethiopia" title="Armenians in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Australians" title="Armenian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_New_Zealanders" title="Armenian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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