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Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Why use diffs and links?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Why_use_diffs_and_links?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_create_a_diff_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_create_a_diff_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>How to create a diff link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_create_a_diff_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_create_a_page_section_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_create_a_page_section_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>How to create a page section link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_create_a_page_section_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_link_to_a_log" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_link_to_a_log"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>How to link to a log</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_to_link_to_a_log-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timestamp_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timestamp_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Timestamp limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timestamp_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>How 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1015793299">.mw-parser-output ._3-tier_diff{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output ._3-tier_diff .sidebar-title{font-size:100%}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks _3-tier_diff"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">The 3-tier <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">link</a> series</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title{background:#eef}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation{background-color:#101418;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-title{background-color:#202122;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation{background-color:#101418;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-title{background-color:#202122;color:white}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist linking-and-page-manipulation notheme"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Integrate" title="Wikipedia:Integrate">Linking and<br/>page manipulation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Linking and diffs</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:External_link_icons" title="Help:External link icons">External link icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Plainlinks" title="Help:Plainlinks">Plainlinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Self_link" title="Help:Self link">Self links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Manual of Style on linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">Navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Links" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Links">Template index for links</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Categorization</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization guideline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Container_category" title="Wikipedia:Container category">Container category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">FAQ for categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories">FAQ for categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_articles_about_people" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people">Categorizing articles about people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:People_by_year" title="Wikipedia:People by year">By year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_redirects" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects">Redirect categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories" title="Wikipedia:User categories">User categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization">Overcategorization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization/User_categories" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization/User categories">User categories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Category_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace">Template index for categories</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Moving and redirecting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">How to move a page for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">Requested moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_guide/Fixing_cut-and-paste_moves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Fixing cut-and-paste moves">How to fix cut-and-paste moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userfication" title="Wikipedia:Userfication">Userfication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in &quot;Administrator needed&quot;">Non-admin and admin-only moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving">Template index for moving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_pages" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages">Template index for redirects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Merging</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_article_mergers" title="Wikipedia:Proposed article mergers">Proposed article mergers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_history_merge" title="Wikipedia:Requests for history merge">Requests for history merge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merge_and_delete" title="Wikipedia:Merge and delete">Merge and delete?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merge_what%3F" title="Wikipedia:Merge what?">Merge what?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Delete_or_merge" title="Wikipedia:Delete or merge">Delete or merge?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Merging" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Merging">Template index for merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Merge" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Merge">WikiProject Merge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Splitting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">Splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Splitting">Template index for splitting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Importing and copying</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_import_articles" title="Help:How to import articles">How to import articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_importation" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page importation">Requests for page importation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Copying within Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Protecting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Protection" title="Help:Protection">Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Protection policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:High-risk_templates" title="Wikipedia:High-risk templates">High-risk templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Requests for page protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rough_guide_to_semi-protection" title="Wikipedia:Rough guide to semi-protection">Rough guide to semi-protection</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Additional</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_creation" title="Wikipedia:Article creation">Article creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_process" title="Wikipedia:Deletion process">Deletion process</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Template:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Template talk:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="What_are_diffs?" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_are_diffs?"><span id="What_are_diffs.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_are_diffs?"></span>What are diffs?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_are_diffs?"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: What are diffs?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_are_diffs?","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>A <b>diff</b> is a permanent link to a single edit or set of edits, showing the <i><b>diff</b></i>erence between the before and after versions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Why_use_diffs_and_links?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Why_use_diffs_and_links?"><span id="Why_use_diffs_and_links.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Why_use_diffs_and_links?"></span>Why use diffs and links?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Why_use_diffs_and_links?"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Why use diffs and links?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Why_use_diffs_and_links?","replies":[]}}--></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="whylink"></span> </p><p>If you contribute an argument to a page like <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment" title="Wikipedia:Requests for comment">requests for comment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration">requests for arbitration</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ANI" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ANI">the incidents noticeboard for administrative attention</a>, it's essential to give evidence for your claims in the form of <a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diffs</a> and/or other <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LINK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINK">links</a>. Without such evidence, you will be taken less seriously. If you simply claim that "editor X has posted several personal attacks on talkpages" or "editor Y is edit warring on <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>", you may be ignored, or told "diffs or it didn't happen". </p><p>The most useful evidence consists of diffs to <b>individual edits</b> and links to <b><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">page sections</a></b>. Avoid linking to entire talkpages, as they are too long and diverse to be helpful. Linking to parts of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Edit history">page history</a> or an editor's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Contributions">contributions</a> can be done, but is a bit complicated; see <b>Timestamp limits</b> below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_create_a_diff_link" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_create_a_diff_link"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_create_a_diff_link"></span>How to create a diff link<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_create_a_diff_link"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: How to create a diff link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_create_a_diff_link","replies":[]}}--></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="How_to_harvest_a_diff"></span> </p><p>Find the page which contains the edit you want to refer to. Click on its <b>View history</b> tab. Find the edit in the history list. (If that's a problem, clicking on the word <b>(prev)</b> in the list will let you read the edit.) Right-click on its "<b>(prev)</b>" button and select "Copy link address" or "Copy Shortcut" depending on browser, O.S., etc. The diff you want is now in your clipboard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_create_a_page_section_link" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_create_a_page_section_link"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_create_a_page_section_link"></span>How to create a page section link<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_create_a_page_section_link"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: How to create a page section link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_create_a_page_section_link","replies":[]}}--></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="How_to_harvest_a_page_section_link"></span> </p><p>Find the page which contains the section you want to refer to. Click on "Permanent link" in the "Toolbox" in the lefthand sidebar. Go to the page's Table of Contents. Right-click on the name of the section you want to use, where it appears in the Table of Contents, and select "Copy link address". The section link you want is now in your clipboard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_link_to_a_log" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_link_to_a_log"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_link_to_a_log"></span>How to link to a log<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_link_to_a_log"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: How to link to a log"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_link_to_a_log","replies":[]}}--></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Help:Log</a> and <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Log" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Log">MW:Help:Log</a></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_warning_pn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="red-outlined triangle containing exclamation point" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Ambox_warning_pn.svg/18px-Ambox_warning_pn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Ambox_warning_pn.svg/27px-Ambox_warning_pn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Ambox_warning_pn.svg/36px-Ambox_warning_pn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="445"/></a></span><b> Warning</b> This does not work fully as intended. It links to the upload log (or any other type of log) and a date to specify a search for on that date and prior, but no specific date range can be specified. </p> <blockquote><p>Logs are subject to change, but a form of permanency can be achieved by specifying the time span over which one inquires. For example, by adding <code>?type=upload&amp;wpdate=YYYY-MM-DD</code>. (Note, this date reflects the UTC server time). </p><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=upload&amp;user=&amp;page=&amp;wpdate=2019-09-05&amp;tagfilter=">{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=upload&amp;user=&amp;page=&amp;wpdate=2019-09-05&amp;tagfilter=}}</a> will link to a log of all the images uploaded on 5 September 2019.</li></ul></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Timestamp_limits" data-mw-thread-id="h-Timestamp_limits"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Timestamp_limits"></span>Timestamp limits<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Timestamp_limits"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Timestamp limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Timestamp_limits","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>More complicated linking can be achieved using timestamps in the linking URLs. These take the form <code>YYYYMMDDhhmmss</code>, where <code>YYYY</code> is the year, <code>MM</code> is the month, <code>DD</code> is the day, <code>hh</code> is the hour, <code>mm</code> is the minutes, and <code>ss</code> is the seconds. For example, <code>20070814233520</code> is 23:35:20 on 14th August 2007. This allows specific linking to parts of a contributions list or a page or user log, as shown above. One use of these timestamps is to link to a specific range of edits by a user. </p><p>To link to a range of sequential edits by a user, find the date and time of the last edit and generate a timestamp as above. Then set the limit to the number of edits required. The results will change if any of the edits are deleted (e.g. if one of the articles that was edited gets deleted). An example of this is: </p> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&amp;offset=20071015005300&amp;limit=11&amp;contribs=user&amp;target=Carcharoth">{{fullurl:Special:Contributions|offset=20071015005300&amp;limit=11&amp;contribs=user&amp;target=Carcharoth}}</a>, which generates a link to a list of 11 sequential edits up to 00:53 on 15th October 2007, selected to show a particular type of editing.</li></ul> <p>Similarly, a permanent diff to a specific revision history of a user page may be generated: </p> <ul><li><a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Bishonen&amp;action=history&amp;limit=25&amp;offset=20090417223300">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Bishonen&amp;action=history&amp;limit=25&amp;offset=20090417223300</a></li></ul> <p>This would give the last 25 items in the revision history of <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bishonen" title="User talk:Bishonen">User talk:Bishonen</a> before 2009-04-17, 22:33:00 UTC (22:33 UTC on 17 April 2009). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text"></span>How to put diffs and links into your text<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: How to put diffs and links into your text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_put_diffs_and_links_into_your_text","replies":[]}}--></div> <ol><li><b>The best way</b> is using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Diff2" title="Template:Diff2">Diff2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. For instance, <code>{{Diff2|512088043|example edit}}</code> gives <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043">example edit</a></span>.</li> <li>Diffs and links will work if they're simply pasted into your text like this: <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043</a>. <dl><dd>Or you can make them neater by putting single (not double) square brackets round them. Typing this: <code>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043]</code> will give a note like this: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043">[1]</a>.</dd> <dd>Or you can make them elegant by wrapping them into a word in your text. Typing this: <code>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043 example edit]</code> will give <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043">example edit</a> link. Notice the <b>space</b> between the link and the wrapper word.</dd></dl></li> <li>Or you can use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Diff" title="Template:Diff">Diff</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: <code>{{Diff|Deep End Live!|prev|512088043|example edit}}</code>, which gives <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep_End_Live!&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=512088043">example edit</a></span>. The <a href="/wiki/Template:Diff" title="Template:Diff">template's documentation</a> gives examples of the various formats available.</li></ol> <p>When using URLs (and not the two templates) the <code>http://</code> must be used. However, the page name after the <code>title=</code> part only serves to make the URL more readable - it can be left out (<a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=191637801">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=191637801</a>), or even manipulated without affecting the target of the link. (For example, <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Good&amp;oldid=191637801">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Good&amp;oldid=191637801</a> actually points to a version of the article <a href="/wiki/Evil" title="Evil">Evil</a>.) This is the reason why <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Diff2" title="Template:Diff2">Diff2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> works, and has occasionally been abused to deceive casual readers. </p><p>The <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FULLURL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FULLURL">fullurl</a>:<i>PAGE_TITLE</i>|other=URL parts&amp;go=here}}</code> syntax expands to a <code>http://</code> link and can be used in almost all cases that a <code>http://</code> link can be used, but is shorter and will not inadvertently bounce users between the two servers. </p><p>Also, be aware that diff links can also be created between non-consecutive versions (see <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Help:Page history</a>). Thus, a diff link might show the changes from several users at once, but only one of them will displayed on the right hand side. It is even possible to create diff links which compare versions of different pages. Example: <code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phillips,_Nebraska&amp;diff=179085783&amp;oldid=179088483</code> compares a version of <a href="/wiki/Phillips,_Nebraska" title="Phillips, Nebraska">Phillips, Nebraska</a> with a version of <a href="/wiki/Hordville,_Nebraska" title="Hordville, Nebraska">Hordville, Nebraska</a>. This can be used to highlight copy and paste actions. Another possible use is to create a "diff" for a page creation by comparing to a blank version of another page. Example: The creation <code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barack_Obama&amp;oldid=2814496</code> can be compared to the blank <code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:How_to_edit_a_page&amp;oldid=44</code> by inserting <code>=44&amp;diff</code> after <code>oldid</code> in the creation url: <code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barack_Obama&amp;oldid=44&amp;diff=2814496</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_display_only_the_diff" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_display_only_the_diff"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_display_only_the_diff"></span>How to display only the diff<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_display_only_the_diff"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: How to display only the diff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_display_only_the_diff","replies":[]}}--></div> <p>To the URL of the diff, append <code>&amp;diffonly=1</code> </p> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;diff=184213111&amp;oldid=175800439">a regular diff</a>, showing the change and the resulting version of the page</li></ul> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;diff=184213111&amp;oldid=175800439&amp;diffonly=1">only the diff</a>, without showing the page</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]}}--></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Help:Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">Help:URL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Snottywong/diffconverter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Snottywong/diffconverter (page does not exist)">User:Snottywong/diffconverter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikipedia.ramselehof.de/wikiblame.php">Wikiblame</a>, a tool that allows to find a diff (an edit) that introduced a specific text into a page.</li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Diff#Diff_link" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Diff">Meta:Help:Diff#Diff link</a> (can be used to add a diff link in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Diff" title="Template:Diff">diff</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, the Diff link template</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br/>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br/>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in &quot;Administrator needed&quot;">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐746bf6896b‐qwsc6 Cached time: 20241119005201 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.043 seconds CPU time usage: 0.384 seconds Real time usage: 0.495 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 752/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57375/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 381/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 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