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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Warunki_widoczności_ciał_niebieskich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warunki_widoczności_ciał_niebieskich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Warunki widoczności ciał niebieskich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warunki_widoczności_ciał_niebieskich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Deklinacja (astronomia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 73 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinasie" title="Deklinasie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Deklinasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A)" title="ميل (إحداثي فلكي) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميل (إحداثي فلكي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3n_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Declinación (astronomía) – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Declinación (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyl_(astronomiya)" title="Meyl (astronomiya) – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meyl (astronomiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="বিষুবলম্ব – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিষুবলম্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Схіленне (астраномія) – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Схіленне (астраномія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Схіленьне (астраномія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Схіленьне (астраномія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деклинация – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Деклинация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacija_(astronomija)" title="Deklinacija (astronomija) – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Deklinacija (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3_(astronomia)" title="Declinació (astronomia) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Declinació (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinace" title="Deklinace – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Deklinace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklination_(astronomi)" title="Deklination (astronomi) – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Deklination (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklination_(Astronomie)" title="Deklination (Astronomie) – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deklination (Astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4ne_(astronoomia)" title="Kääne (astronoomia) – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kääne (astronoomia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Απόκλιση (αστρονομία) – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απόκλιση (αστρονομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declination" title="Declination – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Declination" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3n_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Declinación (astronomía) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Declinación (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacio_(astronomio)" title="Deklinacio (astronomio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Deklinacio (astronomio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinazio_(astronomia)" title="Deklinazio (astronomia) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Deklinazio (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="میل (اخترشناسی) – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میل (اخترشناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9clinaison_(astronomie)" title="Déclinaison (astronomie) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Déclinaison (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diallas" title="Diallas – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Diallas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinaci%C3%B3n_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Declinación (astronomía) – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Declinación (astronomía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%9C%84" title="적위 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="적위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Թեքում (աստղագիտություն) – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թեքում (աստղագիտություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="दिक्पात – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिक्पात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacija_(astronomija)" title="Deklinacija (astronomija) – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deklinacija (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbelata" title="Mbelata – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mbelata" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinasi" title="Deklinasi – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Deklinasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnubreidd" title="Stjörnubreidd – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjörnubreidd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia) – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Declinazione (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="נטייה (אסטרונומיה) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נטייה (אסטרונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9klinasi" title="Déklinasi – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Déklinasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="დახრილობა (ასტრონომია) – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დახრილობა (ასტრონომია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D2%A3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Еңістік (астрономия) – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еңістік (астрономия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinatio_(astronomia)" title="Declinatio (astronomia) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Declinatio (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklin%C4%81cija_(astronomija)" title="Deklinācija (astronomija) – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deklinācija (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinatioun_(Astronomie)" title="Deklinatioun (Astronomie) – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Deklinatioun (Astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacija" title="Deklinacija – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Deklinacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklin%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_(csillag%C3%A1szat)" title="Deklináció (csillagászat) – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Deklináció (csillagászat)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Деклинација (астрономија) – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Деклинација (астрономија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അവനമനം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അവനമനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="डेक्लिनेशन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डेक्लिनेशन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keserongan" title="Keserongan – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keserongan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinatie_(astronomie)" title="Declinatie (astronomie) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Declinatie (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B7%AF" title="赤緯 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="赤緯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinasjon" title="Deklinasjon – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deklinasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinasjon" title="Deklinasjon – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Deklinasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declinason_(astronomia)" title="Declinason (astronomia) – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Declinason (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اسمانی پئی لیک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسمانی پئی لیک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Declinação – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Declinação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declina%C8%9Bie" title="Declinație – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Declinație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="polecany artykuł"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Склонение (астрономия) – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Склонение (астрономия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declination" title="Declination – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Declination" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklin%C3%A1cia_(astron%C3%B3mia)" title="Deklinácia (astronómia) – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deklinácia (astronómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacija" title="Deklinacija – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Deklinacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacija_(astronomija)" title="Deklinacija (astronomija) – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Deklinacija (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinacija_(astronomija)" title="Deklinacija (astronomija) – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deklinacija (astronomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinaatio_(t%C3%A4htitiede)" title="Deklinaatio (tähtitiede) – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Deklinaatio (tähtitiede)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklination_(astronomi)" title="Deklination (astronomi) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deklination (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deklinasyon" title="Deklinasyon – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Deklinasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="சரிவு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சரிவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annuz_(tasnallunt)" title="Annuz (tasnallunt) – kabylski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Annuz (tasnallunt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Авышлык (астрономия) – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Авышлык (астрономия)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="డిక్లనేషన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డిక్లనేషన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เดคลิเนชัน – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดคลิเนชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dik_a%C3%A7%C4%B1kl%C4%B1k" title="Dik açıklık – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dik açıklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Схилення (астрономія) – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Схилення (астрономія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="میل (فلکیات) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میل (فلکیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%ADch_v%C4%A9" title="Xích vĩ – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xích vĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%BA%AC" title="赤纬 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赤纬" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B7%AF" title="赤緯 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="赤緯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%BA%AC" title="赤纬 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赤纬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76287#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deklinacja_(astronomia)" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png/220px-Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png/330px-Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png/440px-Ra_and_dec_on_celestial_sphere.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Rektascensja (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> – right ascension) i deklinacja zaznaczone na <a href="/wiki/Sfera_niebieska" title="Sfera niebieska">sferze niebieskiej</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg/220px-Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg/330px-Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg/440px-Star_trails_over_the_ESO_3.6-metre_telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Długoczasowe zdjęcie ilustrujące <a href="/wiki/Ruch_obrotowy_Ziemi" title="Ruch obrotowy Ziemi">ruch dobowy nieba</a>. Gwiazdy zdają się zataczać kręgi wokół <a href="/wiki/Biegun_niebieski" title="Biegun niebieski">bieguna niebieskiego</a> (δ = 90°). Najdłuższe ślady zakreślają ciała znajdujące się na <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3wnik_niebieski" title="Równik niebieski">równiku niebieskim</a> (δ = 0°). Dystans pokonywany w czasie ekspozycji na detektorze jest proporcjonalny do <a href="/wiki/Funkcje_trygonometryczne#Definicja_z_elementów_trójkąta_prostokątnego" title="Funkcje trygonometryczne">cosinusa</a> deklinacji<sup id="cite_ref-formulae_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formulae-1">[1]</a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Deklinacja</b> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <i>declinatio</i> – „odchylenie”<sup id="cite_ref-pwn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pwn-2">[2]</a></sup>, oznaczana symbolem <a href="/wiki/Delta_(litera)" title="Delta (litera)">δ</a>) – jedna ze <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82rz%C4%99dnych_astronomicznych" title="Układ współrzędnych astronomicznych">współrzędnych</a> określających położenie <a href="/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_niebieskie" title="Ciało niebieskie">ciała</a> w obydwu układach równikowych: <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82rz%C4%99dnych_r%C3%B3wnikowych_r%C3%B3wnonocnych" title="Układ współrzędnych równikowych równonocnych">równonocnym</a> i <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82rz%C4%99dnych_r%C3%B3wnikowych_godzinnych" title="Układ współrzędnych równikowych godzinnych">godzinnym</a><sup id="cite_ref-dworak_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dworak-3">[3]</a></sup>. Definiujemy ją jako <a href="/wiki/K%C4%85t" title="Kąt">kąt</a> pomiędzy kierunkiem poprowadzonym od obserwatora do obiektu a <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82aszczyzna" title="Płaszczyzna">płaszczyzną</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3wnik_niebieski" title="Równik niebieski">równika niebieskiego</a><sup id="cite_ref-pwn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pwn-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dworak_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dworak-3">[3]</a></sup>. Obiekty położone na północnej półkuli nieba mają deklinację dodatnią (od 0<a href="/wiki/Stopie%C5%84_(k%C4%85t)" title="Stopień (kąt)">°</a> do 90°), a na południowej ujemną (od 0° do -90°)<sup id="cite_ref-dworak_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dworak-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p><p>Zjawisko <a href="/wiki/Precesja" title="Precesja">precesji</a> skutkuje powolną zmianą współrzędnych astronomicznych (w tym <a href="/wiki/Rektascensja" title="Rektascensja">rektascensji</a>). Dlatego też oprócz nich podaje się również <a href="/wiki/Epoka_(astronomia)" title="Epoka (astronomia)">epokę</a>, dla której zostały one wyznaczone (np. J2000.0). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warunki_widoczności_ciał_niebieskich"><span id="Warunki_widoczno.C5.9Bci_cia.C5.82_niebieskich"></span>Warunki widoczności ciał niebieskich</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Warunki widoczności ciał niebieskich" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Warunki widoczności ciał niebieskich"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dla obserwatora znajdującego się na północnej <a href="/wiki/Szeroko%C5%9B%C4%87_geograficzna" title="Szerokość geograficzna">szerokości geograficznej</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi ,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi ,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aeb4baf1e617abd3f5384bab1851bf109ea0b614" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.167ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi ,}"></span> ciała niebieskie o deklinacji </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta >90^{\circ }-\varphi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>></mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>φ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta >90^{\circ }-\varphi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2614d2a52920ee337481044263b11e20b609437" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.887ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta >90^{\circ }-\varphi }"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>znajdują się cały czas nad horyzontem (również podczas dolnej <a href="/wiki/Kulminacja" title="Kulminacja">kulminacji</a>). Gwiazdy spełniające ten warunek nazywamy okołobiegunowymi (nigdy niezachodzącymi). </p><p>Obiekty, których deklinacja </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta <\varphi -90^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo><</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta <\varphi -90^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f0b099669d02a8860de870c05af330d1718cee1d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.887ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta <\varphi -90^{\circ }}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>nigdy nie pojawiają się nad horyzontem. </p><p>Te znajdujące się w paśmie </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 90^{\circ }-\varphi >\delta >\varphi -90^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 90^{\circ }-\varphi >\delta >\varphi -90^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cb85cb542d232270b9d78b1fdc53ba22ac0670c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.725ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 90^{\circ }-\varphi >\delta >\varphi -90^{\circ }}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>podczas jednej <a href="/wiki/Doba_gwiazdowa" title="Doba gwiazdowa">doby gwiazdowej</a> zarówno wschodzą, jak i zachodzą. </p><p>Wysokość ciała niebieskiego nad horyzontem podczas <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B3rowanie" title="Górowanie">górowania</a> (w trakcie przechodzenia przez <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%82udnik_niebieski" title="Południk niebieski">południk niebieski</a>) wynosi </p> <ul><li>dla <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta >\varphi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>></mo> <mi>φ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta >\varphi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9898ebc85a34151b2f46839ac09ee65076281ef0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.667ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta >\varphi }"></span> (górowanie na północ od <a href="/wiki/Zenit_(astronomia)" title="Zenit (astronomia)">zenitu</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h=90^{\circ }+\varphi -\delta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>δ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h=90^{\circ }+\varphi -\delta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d5ab0730fa88d838b52dc08f6018a35eea41dec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.066ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h=90^{\circ }+\varphi -\delta }"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>dla <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta <\varphi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo><</mo> <mi>φ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta <\varphi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5c225af9ddad3ab2dbcfe6808f8ab730aeb6e48f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.667ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta <\varphi }"></span> (górowanie na południe od zenitu):</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h=90^{\circ }-\varphi +\delta .}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h=90^{\circ }-\varphi +\delta .}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ebf88a7e2d3835193fcb1e0fc10518467c781e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.713ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h=90^{\circ }-\varphi +\delta .}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>W przypadku, gdy <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =\varphi ,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =\varphi ,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d00f65458327b89077a92a1a9f3dfe6bc37caa0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.314ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =\varphi ,}"></span> górowanie następuje w zenicie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/deklinacja" class="extiw" title="wikt:deklinacja"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>deklinacja</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rektascensja" title="Rektascensja">rektascensja</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-formulae-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-formulae_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilmslowastro.com/software/formulae.htm#StarTrails">Useful Formulae - Star Trail Lengths</a>. [dostęp 2015-03-26].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pwn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pwn_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pwn_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3891439"><i>deklinacja</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2015-03-20]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=deklinacja&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3891439" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dworak-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dworak_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dworak_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dworak_3-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zbigniew Dworak: <i>Z astronomią za pan brat</i>. Warszawa: Iskry, 1989, s. 126–128. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8320710642" title="Specjalna:Książki/8320710642">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-207-1064-2</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Z+astronomi%C4%85+za+pan+brat&rft.aulast=Dworak&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.date=1989&rft.pub=Iskry&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=126%E2%80%93128&rft.isbn=83-207-1064-2"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Eugeniusz Rybka: <i>Astronomia ogólna</i>. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe</a>, 1952, s. 28–34.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomia+og%C3%B3lna&rft.aulast=Rybka&rft.aufirst=Eugeniusz&rft.date=1952&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%7CPa%C5%84stwowe+Wydawnictwo+Naukowe%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=28%E2%80%9334"></span></cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Jan Mietelski: <i>Astronomia w geografii</i>. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a>, 2013. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788301134327" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788301134327">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-01-13432-7</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomia+w+geografii&rft.aulast=Mietelski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.isbn=978-83-01-13432-7"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bogdan Wszołek, Agnieszka Kuźmicz: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20150402153138/http://www.ptma.ajd.czest.pl/publikacje_elektroniczne/ElementyAstronomii.pdf">Elementy astronomii dla geografów</a></i>. Kraków: Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2009, s. 13. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788388424441" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788388424441">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-88424-44-1</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementy+astronomii+dla+geograf%C3%B3w&rft.aulast=Wszo%C5%82ek&rft.aufirst=Bogdan&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Instytut+Geografii+i+Gospodarki+Przestrzennej+Uniwersytetu+Jagiello%C5%84skiego&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=13&rft.isbn=978-83-88424-44-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150402153138%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptma.ajd.czest.pl%2Fpublikacje_elektroniczne%2FElementyAstronomii.pdf"></span></cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Konrad Rudnicki: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptma.ajd.czest.pl/publikacje_elektroniczne/Astronomia_Konrad_Rudnicki.pdf">Astronomia</a></i>. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwa_Szkolne_i_Pedagogiczne" title="Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne">Państwowe Zakłady Wydawnictw Szkolnych</a>, 1970, s. 24.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomia&rft.aulast=Rudnicki&rft.aufirst=Konrad&rft.date=1970&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwa+Szkolne+i+Pedagogiczne%7CPa%C5%84stwowe+Zak%C5%82ady+Wydawnictw+Szkolnych%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptma.ajd.czest.pl%2Fpublikacje_elektroniczne%2FAstronomia_Konrad_Rudnicki.pdf"></span></cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navipedia.pl/astro03.html">Astronawigacja: Układ równikowy, rektascensja, rzut biegunowy, kąty godzinne (czasowe)</a>. Navipedia.pl</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-s"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Odleg%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87_k%C4%85towa" title="Odległość kątowa">odległość kątowa</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh2007000989">sh2007000989</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007549527305171">987007549527305171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3891439.html">3891439</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/declination">science/declination</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/declination-axis">science/declination-axis</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/celestial-latitude">science/celestial-latitude</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/declinazione-astronomica">declinazione-astronomica</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/3623649">3623649</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=deklinasjon">deklinasjon</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&oldid=69452811">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deklinacja_(astronomia)&oldid=69452811</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Astronomia_sferyczna" title="Kategoria:Astronomia sferyczna">Astronomia sferyczna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mechanika_nieba" title="Kategoria:Mechanika nieba">Mechanika nieba</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_cytowania_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki_%E2%80%93_brak_numeru_strony" title="Kategoria:Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony">Szablon cytowania książki – brak numeru strony</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 29 sty 2023, 22:51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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