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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur" class=""><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4+%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں" class=""><span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4+%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>داخل ہوں</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="مزید اختیارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتی آلات" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتی آلات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ur.wikipedia.org&uselang=ur"><span>عطیہ دیجیے</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%81&returnto=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4+%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="کھاتہ بنانے یا اس میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہ بنائیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%DB%81%D9%88%DA%BA&returnto=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4+%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" title="کھاتے میں داخل ہونے کی سفارش کی جاتی ہے؛ تاہم یہ ضروری نہیں [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>داخل ہوں</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="ترمیم کاری کے متعلق مزید تفصیلات"><span>مزید تفصیلات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اس آئی پی پتے سے انجام دی جانے والی تمام ترامیم کی فہرست [y]" accesskey="y"><span>شراکتیں</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اس آئی پی پتے کی ترامیم سے متعلق گفتگو [n]" accesskey="n"><span>تبادلۂ خیال</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ویب گاہ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مندرجات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مندرجات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">دیباچہ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-حوالہ‌جات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالہ‌جات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>حوالہ‌جات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالہ‌جات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالہ_جات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالہ_جات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>حوالہ جات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالہ_جات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مندرجات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="فہرست عناوین دیکھیں" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">فہرست عناوین دیکھیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">لیاؤ شاہی سلسلہ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 زبانیں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88" title="مملكة لياو – عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة لياو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="دودمان لیائو – فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان لیائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بہترین مضمون"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty – انگریزی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liao dynasty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگریزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao-dinastie" title="Liao-dinastie – افریقی" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Liao-dinastie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریقی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Liao" title="Dinastía Liao – اراگونیز" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dinastía Liao" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="اراگونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Liao" title="Dinastía Liao – اسٹوریائی" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dinastía Liao" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٹوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyao_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Lyao sülaləsi – آذربائیجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lyao sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آذربائیجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A2u" title="Liâu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE" title="Ляо – بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ляо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao – کیٹالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia Liao" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کیٹالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_Liao" title="Říše Liao – چیک" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše Liao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چیک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao-Dynastie" title="Liao-Dynastie – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liao-Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Liao" title="Dinastía Liao – ہسپانوی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía Liao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ہسپانوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastio_Li%C3%A1o" title="Dinastio Liáo – ایسپرانٹو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dinastio Liáo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ایسپرانٹو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_dinastia" title="Liao dinastia – باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liao dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie_Liao" title="Dynastie Liao – فرانسیسی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie Liao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="요나라 – کوریائی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요나라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="लियाओ राजवंश – ہندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लियाओ राजवंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ہندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Liao" title="Dinastija Liao – کراتی" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dinastija Liao" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کراتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Liao" title="Dinasti Liao – انڈونیثیائی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Liao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڈونیثیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao – اطالوی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia Liao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="ლიაო – جارجیائی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE" title="Ляо – قزاخ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ляо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قزاخ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_dinastija" title="Liao dinastija – لیٹوین" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liao dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لیٹوین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Љао (династија) – مقدونیائی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Љао (династија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Liao" title="Dinasti Liao – مالے" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Liao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالے" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryo_(dinasti_Cino)" title="Ryo (dinasti Cino) – منانگکباؤ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ryo (dinasti Cino)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="منانگکباؤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8u-gu%C3%B3k" title="Lièu-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lièu-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Хидан Улс – منگولین" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хидан Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منگولین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao-dynastie" title="Liao-dynastie – ڈچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liao-dynastie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڈچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC" title="遼 – جاپانی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaodynastiet" title="Liaodynastiet – نارویجین بوکمل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liaodynastiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارویجین بوکمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao – آکسیٹان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dinastia Liao" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آکسیٹان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="لیاؤ راجٹبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیاؤ راجٹبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D9%84%DA%93%DB%8D" title="لیائو لړۍ – پشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لیائو لړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C" title="រាជវង្សលៀវ – خمیر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រាជវង្សលៀវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمیر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia_Liao" title="Dynastia Liao – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dynastia Liao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao – پُرتگالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia Liao" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پُرتگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao – رومینین" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Liao" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومینین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE" title="Ляо – روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ляо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liao dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%86" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی لیاوۆ – سینٹرل کردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی لیاوۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="سینٹرل کردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%89%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Династија Љао – سربین" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Љао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Liao" title="Dinastija Liao – سربو-کروئیشین" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dinastija Liao" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سربو-کروئیشین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao-dynastia" title="Liao-dynastia – فینیش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liao-dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینیش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaodynastin" title="Liaodynastin – سویڈش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liaodynastin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویڈش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="லியாவோ அரசமரபு – تمل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லியாவோ அரசமரபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تمل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="ราชวงศ์เหลียว – تھائی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์เหลียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تھائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Liao Hanedanı – ترکی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liao Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE" title="Династія Ляо – یوکرینیائی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія Ляо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="یوکرینیائی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_Li%C3%AAu" title="Nhà Liêu – ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà Liêu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC" title="遼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="遼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E5%9B%BD" title="辽国 – وو چائینیز" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辽国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چائینیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%BC" title="大遼 – کینٹونیز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大遼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کینٹونیز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="منتخب مضمون"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝 – چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辽朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4958#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ترمیم بین اللسانی روابط" class="wbc-editpage">ترمیم روابط</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81" rel="nofollow" title="اِس صفحہ سے مربوط صفحات میں حالیہ تبدیلیاں [k]" accesskey="k"><span>متعلقہ تبدیلیاں</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جملہ خصوصی صفحات کی فہرست [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خصوصی صفحات</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&oldid=6423125" title="صفحہ کے اس نسخہ کا مستقل ربط"><span>مستقل ربط</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&action=info" title="اس صفحہ کے بارے میں 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81&page=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&action=show-download-screen"><span>ڈاؤن لوڈ بشکلPDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&printable=yes" title="اِس صفحہ کا قابلِ طبع نسخہ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>قابل طبع نسخہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> دیگر منصوبے </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%9C%9D" hreflang="en"><span>ویکی ذخائر</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4958" title="متعلقہ ڈیٹا سے منسلک کریں [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ڈیٹا آئٹم</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">بغلی پٹی پر جائیں</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">چھپائیں</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">آزاد دائرۃ المعارف، ویکیپیڈیا سے</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="لیاؤ خاندان">لیاؤ خاندان</a> سے رجوع مکرر)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ur" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4836701">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-right:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:right;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-right:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><div class="fn org country-name">عظیم لیاؤ</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span lang="zh-hant">大遼</span> (عظیم‌لیاؤ)</span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B.png" class="mw-file-description" title=""خطائی‌ریاست""><img alt=""خطائی‌ریاست"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B.png/70px-%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B.png/105px-%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> / <span style="font-weight:normal;"><span lang="zh-hant">契丹國</span> (خطائی‌ریاست)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">916–1125</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:KhitanAD1000.png" class="mw-file-description" title="لیاؤ خاندان اپنے بھرپور عروج، قریباً 1000"><img alt="لیاؤ خاندان اپنے بھرپور عروج، قریباً 1000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/KhitanAD1000.png/220px-KhitanAD1000.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/KhitanAD1000.png/330px-KhitanAD1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/KhitanAD1000.png/440px-KhitanAD1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="959" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">لیاؤ خاندان اپنے بھرپور عروج، قریباً 1000</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">حیثیت</th><td>سلطنت</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">دار الحکومت</th><td><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85" title="بایرین بایاں پرچم">بایرین بایاں پرچم</a> (Linhuang)<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">عمومی زبانیں</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khitan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khitan language (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Khitan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Chinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Chinese (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Middle Chinese</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurchen_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurchen language (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Jurchen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">مذہب<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td>Majority:<div class="plainlist" style="margin-Right: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%DA%BE_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="بدھ مت">بدھ مت</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Khitan traditional <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="روحیت">روحیت</a></span></li></ul> </div> <br />Influences from:<div class="plainlist" style="margin-Right: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="تاؤ مت">تاؤ مت</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_zodiac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese zodiac (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Zodiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="زرتشتیت">زرتشتیت</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">حکومت</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AD%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="حاکمیت (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">حاکمیت</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_the_Liao_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of emperors of the Liao dynasty (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Emperor</a></th><td> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 907–926 </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Taizu_of_Liao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Taizu of Liao (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Taizu (Abaoji)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 926–947 </div></th><td>تائزونگ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 947–951 </div></th><td>شِزونگ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 951–969 </div></th><td>موزونگ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 969–982 </div></th><td>جِنگ‌زونگ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 982–1031 </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Shengzong_of_Liao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Shengzong of Liao (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Shengzong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1031–1055 </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Xingzong_of_Liao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Xingzong of Liao (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Xingzong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1055–1101 </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Daozong_of_Liao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Daozong of Liao (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Daozong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1101–1125 </div></th><td>تیآنزوو</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">تاریخی دور</th><td>وسطیٰ ایشیا</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Taizu_of_Liao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Taizu of Liao (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Abaoji</a> becomes Khagan of Khitans </div></th><td>907</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•  </div></th><td>916</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• "عظیم لیاؤ" خاندانی نام کے طور پر اپنایا گیا" </div></th><td>947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Signing of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chanyuan_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chanyuan Treaty (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Chanyuan Treaty</a> with Song </div></th><td>1005</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Emergence of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Jin dynasty</a> </div></th><td>1114–1115</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•  </div></th><td>1125</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qara_Khitai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qara Khitai (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Western Liao</a> established </div></th><td>1124</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">رقبہ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">947 est.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></th><td>2,600,000 کلومیٹر<sup>2</sup> (1,000,000 مربع میل)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row">1111 est.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="font-size: 75%;"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></th><td>4,500,000 کلومیٹر<sup>2</sup> (1,700,000 مربع میل)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">کرنسی</th><td>Mostly <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B6%DB%81" title="مقایضہ">مقایضہ</a> in the nomadic areas, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cash_(Chinese_coin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cash (Chinese coin) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">cash coins</a> in the southern circuit. (See: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liao_dynasty_coinage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liao dynasty coinage (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Liao dynasty coinage</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>ماقبل</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>مابعد</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khitans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khitans (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Khitans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="تانگ خاندان">تانگ خاندان</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_Khaganate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uyghur Khaganate (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Uyghur Khaganate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Later_Jin_(Five_Dynasties)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Later Jin (Five Dynasties) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Later Jìn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumo_Xi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumo Xi (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Kumo Xi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiwei_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiwei people (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Shiwei people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balhae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balhae (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Balhae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="زوبو (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">زوبو</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karluks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karluks (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Karluks</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Jīn dynasty</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Liao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Liao (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Northern Liao</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مغربی سیا (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">مغربی سیا</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qara_Khitai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qara Khitai (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Western Liao</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khamag_Mongol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khamag Mongol (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Khamag Mongol</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qocho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qocho (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">Qocho</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">موجودہ حصہ</th><td><a href="/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین">چین</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="منگولیا">منگولیا</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="شمالی کوریا">شمالی کوریا</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="روس">روس</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="ib-country-fn">1. Shangjing (Linhuang) was ranked first of five capitals that were established by Liao, all of which served concurrently as regional capitals of a circuit. The other four capitals included Nanjing (Xijin, today's <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بیجنگ">بیجنگ</a>), Dongjing (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لیاویانگ">لیاویانگ</a>), Xijing (<a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="داتونگ">داتونگ</a>) and Zhongjing (Dading, today's <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="نینگچینگ کاؤنٹی">نینگچینگ کاؤنٹی</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>لیاؤ خاندان، جسے لیاؤ سلطنت بھی کہا جاتا ہے، سرکاری طور پر اس کا نام عظیم لیاؤ یا خطائی (قدان) ریاست تھا، مشرقی ایشیا میں ایک سلطنت اور سامراجی خاندان تھا جس نے 916 سے 1125 تک موجودہ شمالی اور شمال مشرقی چین، منگولیا اور روسی بعید مشرقی اور شمالی کوریا کے حصے پر حکمرانی کی تھی. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالہ‌جات"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.81.E2.80.8C.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>حوالہ‌جات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&action=edit&section=1" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: حوالہ‌جات"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالہ_جات"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.81_.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>حوالہ جات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&action=edit&section=2" title="تدوینِ قطعہ: حوالہ جات"><span>ترمیم</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4721619">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turchin, Adams, and Hall (2006), 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Naomi Standen (5 April 2004)۔ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803145651/https://www.ebookee.net/PDF-Unbounded-Loyalty-Frontier-Crossing-in-Liao-China_3430969.html">Unbounded loyalty: Frontier crossing in Liao China</a>۔ University of Hawaii Press۔ صفحہ: 11–۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="رقم الكتاب المعياري الدولي">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84/978-0-824-82983-4" title="خاص:کتابی وسائل/978-0-824-82983-4">978-0-824-82983-4</a>۔ 03 اگست 2020 میں <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebookee.net/PDF-Unbounded-Loyalty-Frontier-Crossing-in-Liao-China_3430969.html">اصل</a> سے آرکائیو شدہ<span class="reference-accessdate">۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 11 اگست 2020</span></span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fur.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4+%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81&rft.au=Naomi+Standen&rft.btitle=Unbounded+loyalty%3A+Frontier+crossing+in+Liao+China&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-824-82983-4&rft.pages=11-&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebookee.net%2FPDF-Unbounded-Loyalty-Frontier-Crossing-in-Liao-China_3430969.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">الوسيط <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> تم تجاهله (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="معاونت:حوالہ جات کی غلطياں (صفحہ موجود نہیں)">معاونت</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6342468">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-right:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">宋岩．《中国历史上几个朝代的疆域面积估算》：中国社会科学院，1994年</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اخذ کردہ از «<a dir="ltr" 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