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Wade-Giles – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wade-Giles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 52 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%E2%80%93%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ويد–جيلز – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويد–جيلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veyd-Caylz" title="Veyd-Caylz – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Veyd-Caylz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84-%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Γουέιντ-Τζάιλς – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουέιντ-Τζάιλς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="وید جایلز – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وید جایلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisation_Wade-Giles" title="Romanisation Wade-Giles – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romanisation Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C-%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95" title="웨이드-자일스 표기법 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨이드-자일스 표기법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93-%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="וייד-ג&#039;יילס – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייד-ג&#039;יילס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%93-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ვეიდ-ჯაილზი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვეიდ-ჯაილზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veida%E2%80%94D%C5%BEailsa_sist%C4%93ma" title="Veida—Džailsa sistēma – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veida—Džailsa sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles-%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Wade–Giles-átírás – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wade–Giles-átírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%BC%8F" title="ウェード式 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェード式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Транскрипционная система Уэйда — Джайлза – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Транскрипционная система Уэйда — Джайлза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Gilesovo_pre%C4%8Drkovanje" title="Wade-Gilesovo prečrkovanje – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wade-Gilesovo prečrkovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B4-%D0%8F%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Вејд-Џајлс – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вејд-Џајлс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="வேட்-கில்சு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேட்-கில்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เวด-ไจลส์ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวด-ไจลส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Система Вейда-Джайлза – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система Вейда-Джайлза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="وید-جائیلز – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وید-جائیلز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威式拼音 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威式拼音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威妥瑪拼音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208442#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Wade-Giles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Wade-Giles" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Wade-Giles" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;oldid=75958235" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&amp;page=Wade-Giles&amp;id=75958235&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWade-Giles"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWade-Giles"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Wade-Giles"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Wade-Giles&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wade%E2%80%93Giles" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208442" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Angielska transkrypcja sinologiczna Wade’a i Gilesa</b> – <a href="/wiki/Transkrypcja_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Transkrypcja (językoznawstwo)">transkrypcja</a> stosowana do zapisu wymowy <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_chi%C5%84ski" title="Język chiński">języka chińskiego</a> za pomocą <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_%C5%82aci%C5%84ski" title="Alfabet łaciński">alfabetu łacińskiego</a> na potrzeby użytkowników <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">języka angielskiego</a>. Jej nazwa pochodzi od nazwisk dwóch brytyjskich sinologów, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Wade" title="Thomas Francis Wade">Thomasa Wade’a</a> i <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Giles" title="Herbert Giles">Herberta Gilesa</a>. </p><p>Transkrypcja ta została stworzona przez <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Wade" title="Thomas Francis Wade">Thomasa Wade’a</a> w <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> roku (w pracy <i>Peking Syllabary</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Kajdan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kajdan-1">[1]</a></sup>. Zyskała popularność dzięki wersji zmodyfikowanej autorstwa Herberta Gilesa z <i>Chinese-English Dictionary</i> (<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Kajdan_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kajdan-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Dzięki dominującej pozycji języka angielskiego, w <a href="/wiki/XX_wiek" title="XX wiek">XX</a> wieku była to najpopularniejsza forma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latynizacja_(konwersja_pisma)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latynizacja (konwersja pisma) (strona nie istnieje)">latynizacji</a><span class="noprint link-interwiki" style="position:relative;top:-.4em; white-space: nowrap; font-size:x-small;">&#65279;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976327#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q976327">(inne języki)</a></span> chińskich nazw, jednak w <a href="/wiki/Lata_80._XX_wieku" title="Lata 80. XX wieku">latach 80.</a> zaczęła tracić popularność na rzecz opracowanej przez samych Chińczyków transkrypcji <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">pinyin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kajdan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kajdan_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kajdan_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Edward&#32;Kajdański:&#32;<i>Chiny. Leksykon</i>.&#32;Warszawa&#58;&#32;Książka i Wiedza,&#32;2005,&#32;s.&#32;297. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8305134075" title="Specjalna:Książki/8305134075">ISBN&#160;<span class="isbn">83-05-13407-5</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chiny.+Leksykon&amp;rft.aulast=Kajda%C5%84ski&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward&amp;rft.pub=Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka+i+Wiedza&amp;rft.place=Warszawa&amp;rft.pages=297&amp;rft.isbn=83-05-13407-5"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75675918">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Transkrypcje_chi%C5%84skie" title="Szablon:Transkrypcje chińskie"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Transkrypcje_chi%C5%84skie" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Transkrypcje chińskie"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Transkrypcje_chi%C5%84skie&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Transkrypcja_j%C4%99zyka_chi%C5%84skiego" title="Transkrypcja języka chińskiego">Transkrypcje fonetyczne języka chińskiego (mandaryńskiego)</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Główne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a> (&#x3105;&#x3106;&#x3107;&#x3108;) albo <i>Zhuyin zimu</i> (chińska)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Pinyin</a> (&#25340;&#38899;, chińska znakami łacińskimi, na bazie angielskiej)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wade-Giles</a> (angielska)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Othmar-Lessing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Othmar-Lessing (strona nie istnieje)">Othmar-Lessing</a> (niemiecka)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vissi%C3%A8re&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vissière (strona nie istnieje)">Vissière</a> albo <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_d%E2%80%99Extr%C3%AAme-Orient" title="École française d’Extrême-Orient">EFEO</a> (francuska)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Palladiusza" title="System Palladiusza">Palladiusz</a> (Палладий, rosyjska cyrylicą)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Pomniejsze</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> (chińska literami łacińskimi, na bazie angielskiej)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transkrypcja_Yale" title="Transkrypcja Yale">Yale</a> (amerykańska)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haenisch_(trankrypcja)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haenisch (trankrypcja) (strona nie istnieje)">Haenisch</a> (niemiecka)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piasek_(transkrypcja)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Piasek (transkrypcja) (strona nie istnieje)">Piasek</a> (niemiecka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_transkrypcje_j%C4%99zyka_chi%C5%84skiego#Transkrypcja_harbińska_(1930)" title="Polskie transkrypcje języka chińskiego">Harbińska</a> (polska)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_transkrypcje_j%C4%99zyka_chi%C5%84skiego#Spolszczanie_pinyinu_(1976)" title="Polskie transkrypcje języka chińskiego">Gawlikowski</a> (polska)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> (chińska literami łacińskimi, na bazie IPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin_kanto%C5%84ski" title="Pinyin kantoński">Pinyin kantoński</a> (chińska literami łacińskimi, na bazie IPA)</li> <li>włoska</li> <li>esperancka</li> <li>czeska</li> 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