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Vexin - Wikipedia

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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيكسين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيكسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagus_Veliocassinus" title="Pagus Veliocassinus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pagus Veliocassinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3" title="ヴェクサン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェクサン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вексен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вексен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vexin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вексен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вексен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%A1%91" title="韦克桑 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="韦克桑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1476089#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former French county</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For protein named vexin, see <a href="/wiki/VXN" title="VXN">VXN</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexin_localization.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vexin_localization.jpg/270px-Vexin_localization.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vexin_localization.jpg/405px-Vexin_localization.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Vexin_localization.jpg/540px-Vexin_localization.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="2074" /></a><figcaption>Map of France showing the general location of the historical county of Vexin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_France_1180-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_France_1180-fr.svg/220px-Map_France_1180-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_France_1180-fr.svg/330px-Map_France_1180-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_France_1180-fr.svg/440px-Map_France_1180-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1124" /></a><figcaption>Map of France in 1180. Vexin is visible between Paris and Rouen.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexinnormand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vexinnormand.jpg/220px-Vexinnormand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vexinnormand.jpg/330px-Vexinnormand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Vexinnormand.jpg/440px-Vexinnormand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1428" /></a><figcaption>Map of Norman Vexin.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vexin</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">&#91;vɛksɛ̃&#93;</a></span>) is a historical county of northern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank (north) of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> running roughly east to west between <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romilly-sur-Andelle" title="Romilly-sur-Andelle">Romilly-sur-Andelle</a> (about 20&#160;km from Rouen), and north to south between <a href="/wiki/Auneuil" title="Auneuil">Auneuil</a> and the Seine near <a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Eure" title="Vernon, Eure">Vernon</a>. The plateau is crossed by the <a href="/wiki/Epte" title="Epte">Epte</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Andelle" title="Andelle">Andelle</a> river valleys. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Vexin</i> is derived from a name for a <a href="/wiki/List_of_peoples_of_Gaul" class="mw-redirect" title="List of peoples of Gaul">Gaulish tribe</a> now known as the <a href="/wiki/Veliocasses" title="Veliocasses">Veliocasses</a>. They had inhabited the area and made <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> their most important city. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> nobleman <a href="/wiki/Rollo_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rollo of Normandy">Rollo of Normandy</a> (c. 846 – c. 931), the first ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> principality that became Normandy, made several incursions into the western half of the county. He halted his actions when the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a> abandoned the part of the territory that Rollo occupied under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Clair-sur-Epte" title="Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte">Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte</a> in 911. The terms of the treaty established the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Duchy of Normandy</a> and fixed its boundary with the Kingdom of France along the river <a href="/wiki/Epte" title="Epte">Epte</a>. This divided the county of Vexin into two parts: </p> <ul><li>Norman Vexin (<i>Vexin normand</i>), bounded by the rivers Epte, <a href="/wiki/Andelle" title="Andelle">Andelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, which became part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Duchy of Normandy</a>.</li> <li>French Vexin (<i>Vexin français</i>), bounded by the rivers Epte, <a href="/wiki/Oise_(river)" title="Oise (river)">Oise</a> and Seine, which remained part of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France province</a>.</li></ul> <p>During the twelfth century, the county of Vexin was a heavily contested border between the <a href="/wiki/Angevin_kings_of_England" title="Angevin kings of England">Angevin kings of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capetian_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Capetian France">Capetian France</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Capetian-Plantagenet_rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Capetian-Plantagenet rivalry">Capetian-Plantagenet rivalry</a>). It was of particular importance due to its close proximity to Paris and the location of the route to the coastal cities of Normandy. As a result, Vexin was the site of defensive castle construction, notably at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Gaillard" title="Château Gaillard">Château Gaillard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the liberation of Vexin, German troops in the forests of <a href="/wiki/Marainville" class="mw-redirect" title="Marainville">Marainville</a>, Montgison, and Longues carried out a surprise attack against the American defenders in attempt to reoccupy the village of <a href="/wiki/Fontenay-Saint-P%C3%A8re" title="Fontenay-Saint-Père">Fontenay-Saint-Père</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beginning 20 August 1944, fighting broke out, with about 30,000 troops engaged in total; in the nine days of fighting, multiple offensives and counter-offensives were carried out across the city. This eventually ended when a reinforced American army managed to defeat the German battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In total, there were about 50 casualties on the American side, and several hundred on the German side. However, most of the casualties came from the inhabitants of the area, with an estimated loss of 2,500 civilians. There were around 3,000 casualties in total during the fighting, but the victory at Fontenay allowed the American troops to lead a successful counteroffensive, and eventually led to the liberation of Vexin on 30 August 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A monument in honor of the liberation is depicted on three plaques. In the photo at right, the leftmost plaque lists the names of the American soldiers lost, the middle one contains the commemoration messages, and the rightmostn plaque commemorates the civilians lost. The memorial was inaugurated on September 5, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, the county's territory is shared by parts of five <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments of France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d&#39;Oise">Val-d'Oise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a> in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> region; <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a> region; and <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> region. The major towns are <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Eure" title="Vernon, Eure">Vernon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan-en-Yvelines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gisors" title="Gisors">Gisors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Les_Andelys" title="Les Andelys">Les Andelys</a>. The plateau is primarily an agricultural region with some manufacturing located in the valleys. </p><p>The French <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionist</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> made his home at <a href="/wiki/Giverny" title="Giverny">Giverny</a>, and the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Impressionist">Post-Impressionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> painted the wheat fields of Vexin. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="naturepark"></span>A regional nature park was established in the area in 1995. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg/600px-Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg/900px-Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg/1200px-Paysage_La_Roche_Guyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>View of the Vexin region and the Seine river valley from <a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Guyon" title="La Roche-Guyon">La Roche-Guyon</a></figcaption></figure><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ownership of Vexin, and the court intrigue related to securing it, is a key plot point in <a href="/wiki/James_Goldman" title="James Goldman">James Goldman's</a> play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_in_Winter" title="The Lion in Winter">The Lion in Winter</a></i> (1966). It also features in the Angevin novels of Sharon Kay Penman, and in the BBC series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Crown" title="The Devil&#39;s Crown">The Devil's Crown</a></i> (1978), which stars <a href="/wiki/Brian_Cox_(actor)" title="Brian Cox (actor)">Brian Cox</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=2274&amp;MemID=2986">"Monument Details"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Monument+Details&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uswarmemorials.org%2Fhtml%2Fmonument_details.php%3FSiteID%3D2274%26MemID%3D2986&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVexin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://normandy-victory-museum.fr/en/the-tiger2/">"The Tiger II, a Giant of World War II"</a>. 25 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Tiger+II%2C+a+Giant+of+World+War+II&amp;rft.date=2024-06-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnormandy-victory-museum.fr%2Fen%2Fthe-tiger2%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVexin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=2274&amp;MemID=2990">"Monument Details"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Monument+Details&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uswarmemorials.org%2Fhtml%2Fmonument_details.php%3FSiteID%3D2274%26MemID%3D2990&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVexin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://univem-paris.com/en/2021/09/12/commemoration-of-the-liberation-of-the-vexin-county-in-fontenay-saint-pere/#:~:text=This%20forgotten%20battle%20took%20place,death%20of%203%2C000%20of%20them.">"Commemoration of the Liberation of the Vexin county in Fontenay Saint-Père"</a>. 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+the+Liberation+of+the+Vexin+county+in+Fontenay+Saint-P%C3%A8re&amp;rft.date=2021-09-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funivem-paris.com%2Fen%2F2021%2F09%2F12%2Fcommemoration-of-the-liberation-of-the-vexin-county-in-fontenay-saint-pere%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThis%2520forgotten%2520battle%2520took%2520place%2Cdeath%2520of%25203%252C000%2520of%2520them.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVexin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uswarmemorials.org/html/monument_details.php?SiteID=2274&amp;MemID=2986">"Monument Details"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Monument+Details&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uswarmemorials.org%2Fhtml%2Fmonument_details.php%3FSiteID%3D2274%26MemID%3D2986&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVexin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatouche1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Latouche, Robert (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Normandy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Normandy">"Normandy"&#160;</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.&#160;19 (11th&#160;ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Normandy&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft.aulast=Latouche&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVexin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vexin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.bpl.org/id/14340?mtid=1589">Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, <i>Carte du Vexin, Beauvoisis, et Hurepoix</i></a>, historical map of the Vexin region by Christophe Nicolas Tassin (1634)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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