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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carlsbad Caverns National Park</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حديقة كهوف كارلسباد الوطنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حديقة كهوف كارلسباد الوطنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsbad_Ma%C4%9Faralar%C4%B1_Milli_Park%C4%B1" title="Karlsbad Mağaraları Milli Parkı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karlsbad Mağaraları Milli Parkı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Goa_Carlsbad" title="Taman Nasional Goa Carlsbad – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Taman Nasional Goa Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Нацыянальны парк Карлсбадскія пячоры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальны парк Карлсбадскія пячоры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Пещери Карлсбад (национален парк) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пещери Карлсбад (национален парк)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Nacional_de_les_Cavernes_de_Carlsbad" title="Parc Nacional de les Cavernes de Carlsbad – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Parc Nacional de les Cavernes de Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbadsk%C3%A9_jeskyn%C4%9B" title="Carlsbadské jeskyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carlsbadské jeskyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad-Caverns-Nationalpark" title="Carlsbad-Caverns-Nationalpark – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carlsbad-Caverns-Nationalpark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbadi_koobaste_rahvuspark" title="Carlsbadi koobaste rahvuspark – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carlsbadi koobaste rahvuspark" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_nacional_de_las_Cavernas_de_Carlsbad" title="Parque nacional de las Cavernas de Carlsbad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parque nacional de las Cavernas de Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Leizeetako_Parke_Nazionala" title="Carlsbad Leizeetako Parke Nazionala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Carlsbad Leizeetako Parke Nazionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%AF" title="پارک ملی حفره‌های کارلزبد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارک ملی حفره‌های کارلزبد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_national_des_grottes_de_Carlsbad" title="Parc national des grottes de Carlsbad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parc national des grottes de Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EC%A6%88%EB%B0%B0%EB%93%9C_%EB%8F%99%EA%B5%B4_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B3%B5%EC%9B%90" title="칼즈배드 동굴 국립공원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼즈배드 동굴 국립공원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF)" title="Կարլսբադի քարանձավներ (ազգային պարկ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարլսբադի քարանձավներ (ազգային պարկ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalni_park_Carlsbad_Caverns" title="Nacionalni park Carlsbad Caverns – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nacionalni park Carlsbad Caverns" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Gua_Carlsbad" title="Taman Nasional Gua Carlsbad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taman Nasional Gua Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parco_nazionale_delle_Carlsbad_Caverns" title="Parco nazionale delle Carlsbad Caverns – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parco nazionale delle Carlsbad Caverns" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%93" title="הפארק הלאומי מערות קרלסבד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפארק הלאומי מערות קרלסבד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="კარსლბადის მღვიმეების ეროვნული პარკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარსლბადის მღვიმეების ეროვნული პარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%AF%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B)" title="Карлсбадтық үңгірлер (Ұлттық саябақ) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карлсбадтық үңгірлер (Ұлттық саябақ)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlsb%C4%81des_alu_nacion%C4%81lais_parks" title="Kārlsbādes alu nacionālais parks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlsbādes alu nacionālais parks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsbado_Urv%C5%B3_nacionalinis_parkas" title="Karlsbado Urvų nacionalinis parkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karlsbado Urvų nacionalinis parkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_Nemzeti_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns Nemzeti Park – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Carlsbad Caverns Nemzeti Park" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കാൾസ്ബാദ് ഗുഹകൾ ദേശീയോദ്യാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൾസ്ബാദ് ഗുഹകൾ ദേശീയോദ്യാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Nazzjonali_tal-G%C4%A7erien_ta%27_Carlsbad" title="Park Nazzjonali tal-Għerien ta' Carlsbad – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Park Nazzjonali tal-Għerien ta' Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="حديقة كهوف كارلسباد الوطنيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حديقة كهوف كارلسباد الوطنيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_park_Carlsbad_Caverns" title="Nationaal park Carlsbad Caverns – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nationaal park Carlsbad Caverns" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E6%B4%9E%E7%AA%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="カールズバッド洞窟群国立公園 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カールズバッド洞窟群国立公園" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_nasjonalpark" title="Carlsbad Caverns nasjonalpark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carlsbad Caverns nasjonalpark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsbad_g%CA%BBorlari" title="Karlsbad gʻorlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Karlsbad gʻorlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Narodowy_Carlsbad_Caverns" title="Park Narodowy Carlsbad Caverns – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Park Narodowy Carlsbad Caverns" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_Nacional_das_Cavernas_de_Carlsbad" title="Parque Nacional das Cavernas de Carlsbad – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parque Nacional das Cavernas de Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezerva%C8%9Bia_natural%C4%83_Pe%C8%99terile_Carlsbad" title="Rezervația naturală Peșterile Carlsbad – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rezervația naturală Peșterile Carlsbad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA)" title="Карлсбадские пещеры (национальный парк) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карлсбадские пещеры (национальный парк)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%BD_park_Carlsbad_Caverns" title="Národný park Carlsbad Caverns – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Národný park Carlsbad Caverns" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Cavernsin_kansallispuisto" title="Carlsbad Cavernsin kansallispuisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carlsbad Cavernsin kansallispuisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_nationalpark" title="Carlsbad Caverns nationalpark – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carlsbad Caverns nationalpark" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="อุทยานแห่งชาติคาร์ลสแบดแคเวินส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุทยานแห่งชาติคาร์ลสแบดแคเวินส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsbad_Ma%C4%9Faralar%C4%B1_Ulusal_Park%C4%B1" title="Carlsbad Mağaraları Ulusal Parkı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carlsbad Mağaraları Ulusal Parkı" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&params=32_10_31_N_104_26_38_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°10′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">104°26′38″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.17528°N 104.44389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.17528; -104.44389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Carlsbad Caverns National Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #CDE5B2;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> category II (<a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg/284px-Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg/426px-Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg/568px-Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="546" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The cave is known for its many <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> <a href="/wiki/Rock_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock formation">rock formations</a> such as this <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">column</a> and group of <a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">stalactites</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9530296">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Carlsbad Caverns National Park"><img alt="Map showing the location of Carlsbad Caverns National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg/284px-USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg/426px-USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg/568px-USA_New_Mexico_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="1401" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.372%;left:74.709%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park"><img alt="Map showing the location of Carlsbad Caverns National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in state of New Mexico</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of New Mexico</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9530296"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Carlsbad Caverns National Park"><img alt="Map showing the location of Carlsbad Caverns National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/284px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/426px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/568px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.004%;left:34.552%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park"><img alt="Map showing the location of Carlsbad Caverns National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eddy_County,_New_Mexico" title="Eddy County, New Mexico">Eddy County, New Mexico</a>, United States</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nearest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad, New Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&params=32_10_31_N_104_26_38_W_region:US_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°10′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">104°26′38″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.17528°N 104.44389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.17528; -104.44389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">46,766 acres (18,926 ha)<br /><span style="font-size:87%;">339 acres (137 ha) private</span><sup id="cite_ref-area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">May 14, 1930</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">440,691 (in 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/cave/">Carlsbad Caverns National Park</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE153; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Natural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">vii, viii</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_by_year_of_inscription&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription (not yet started)">1995</a> <small>(19th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/721">721</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North America (not yet started)">North America</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Carlsbad Caverns National Park</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalupe_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalupe Mountains (not yet started)">Guadalupe Mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southeast" title="Southeast">southeastern</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. It is in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delaware_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delaware Basin (not yet started)">Delaware Basin</a>. Most people come here to see the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Show_cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Show cave (not yet started)">show cave</a> Carlsbad Cavern. <a href="/wiki/Visitor" title="Visitor">Visitors</a> to the cave can hike down the <a href="/wiki/Natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural">natural</a> entrance. They could also take an <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevator</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Visitor_center" title="Visitor center">visitor center</a>. </p><p>The park entrance is by <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Route_62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Route 62 (not yet started)">US Highway 62</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Route_180&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Route 180 (not yet started)">180</a>, roughly 18 miles (29 km) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad, New Mexico</a>. The park has two entries on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Caverns_Historic_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Caverns Historic District (not yet started)">The Caverns Historic District</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rattlesnake_Springs_Historic_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rattlesnake Springs Historic District (not yet started)">Rattlesnake Springs Historic District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly two-thirds of the park has been set aside as a <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness area">wilderness area</a>. This means that there will be no <a href="/wiki/Future" title="Future">future</a> changes to the <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>. </p><p>Carlsbad Cavern has a large <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> chamber, named the Big Room, which is almost 4,000 ft (1,220 m) long, 625 ft (191 m) wide, and 255 ft (78 m) high at its highest point.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House,%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park,%22_New_Mexico.,_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House%2C%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park%2C%22_New_Mexico.%2C_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg/220px-%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House%2C%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park%2C%22_New_Mexico.%2C_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House%2C%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park%2C%22_New_Mexico.%2C_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg/330px-%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House%2C%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park%2C%22_New_Mexico.%2C_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House%2C%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park%2C%22_New_Mexico.%2C_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg/440px-%22Close_up_view_of_%27Elevator_House%2C%27_Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park%2C%22_New_Mexico.%2C_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_520032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1546" /></a><figcaption>Elevator house, ca. 1933–42; photo by <a href="/wiki/Ansel_Adams" title="Ansel Adams">Ansel Adams</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg/220px-Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg/330px-Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg/440px-Carlsbad_Caverns_Ladder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder">ladder</a> used by the first explorers in the Carlsbad Caverns.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1898, a <a href="/wiki/Teenager" title="Teenager">teenager</a> named <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Larkin_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Larkin White (not yet started)">Jim White</a> went into the cavern with a homemade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wire_ladder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wire ladder (not yet started)">wire ladder</a>. He named many of the rooms. </p><p>Until 1932, visitors had to walk down a ramp that took them 750 feet (230 m) below the surface. The walk back up made some of them tired. In 1932, the national park opened a large visitor center building. It had two elevators that would take visitors in and out of the caverns below.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Climate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Climate"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system, the Carlsbad Caverns Visitor Center has a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semi-arid_climate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semi-arid climate (not yet started)">cool semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BS</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1935–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;">81<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;">86<br />(30) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">96<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">106<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">106<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;">105<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;">97<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;">87<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;">82<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">110<br />(43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;">72.8<br />(22.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;">76.6<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;">83.3<br />(28.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;">88.8<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;">96.7<br />(35.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;">102.3<br />(39.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;">100.8<br />(38.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;">98.2<br />(36.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;">93.8<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;">88.8<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;">79.9<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;">72.9<br />(22.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium">104.1<br />(40.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;">56.0<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;">60.9<br />(16.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;">67.9<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;">75.7<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;">84.1<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;">92.4<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;">91.2<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;">90.3<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;">83.2<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;">75.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;">64.6<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;">56.6<br />(13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">74.9<br />(23.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;">44.9<br />(7.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;">48.8<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;">55.2<br />(12.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;">62.5<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;">71.2<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;">79.1<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;">79.5<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;">78.3<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;">71.8<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;">63.8<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;">53.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;">45.9<br />(7.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">62.8<br />(17.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;">33.7<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;">36.8<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;">42.6<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;">49.3<br />(9.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;">58.3<br />(14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;">65.7<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;">67.8<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;">66.3<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;">60.4<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;">52.1<br />(11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;">41.9<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;">35.1<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">50.8<br />(10.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;">17.7<br />(−7.9) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;">20.7<br />(−6.3) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;">26.2<br />(−3.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;">33.6<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;">43.8<br />(6.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;">56.9<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;">60.3<br />(15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;">59.8<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;">49.7<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;">34.8<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;">25.5<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;">19.6<br />(−6.9) </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">13.7<br />(−10.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;">−4<br />(−20) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;">−4<br />(−20) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;">10<br />(−12) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;">21<br />(−6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">31<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;">41<br />(5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;">42<br />(6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;">47<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;">33<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;">15<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;">8<br />(−13) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;">2<br />(−17) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">−4<br />(−20) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;">0.32<br />(8.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;">0.44<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;">0.57<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;">0.50<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;">1.25<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;">1.16<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;">2.23<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;">2.00<br />(51) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;">2.93<br />(74) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;">1.16<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;">0.68<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;">0.55<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">13.79<br />(350) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;">0.4<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;">0.9<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;">0.2<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;">2.0<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">3.5<br />(8.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">49.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium">1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: National Weather Service<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bats">Bats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Bats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bats"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tadarida_brasiliensis_outflight_Hristov_Carlsbad_Caverns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tadarida_brasiliensis_outflight_Hristov_Carlsbad_Caverns.jpg/310px-Tadarida_brasiliensis_outflight_Hristov_Carlsbad_Caverns.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tadarida_brasiliensis_outflight_Hristov_Carlsbad_Caverns.jpg/465px-Tadarida_brasiliensis_outflight_Hristov_Carlsbad_Caverns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Tadarida_brasiliensis_outflight_Hristov_Carlsbad_Caverns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mexican_free-tailed_bat" title="Mexican free-tailed bat">Mexican free-tailed bats</a> flying out of the cave</figcaption></figure> <p>Seventeen <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> live in the park. Many of the bats in the cave are <a href="/wiki/Mexican_free-tailed_bat" title="Mexican free-tailed bat">Mexican free-tailed bats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS-BATS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-BATS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People say that the number of Mexican free-tailed bats used to be several <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">million</a>, but has gone down a lot in <a href="/wiki/Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern">modern</a> times. The cause is unknown, but <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organochlorine_pesticides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organochlorine pesticides (not yet started)">organochlorine pesticides</a> (specifically <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">dieldrin</a>) are likely part of the reason.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2009 study by a team from <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> says that there may have never been millions of bats in the caves.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">Scientists</a> have tried to count the bats in many different ways. Using <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_imaging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal imaging (not yet started)">thermal imaging</a> cameras to track the bats worked the best.<sup id="cite_ref-CCNP-BATS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCNP-BATS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mexican free-tailed bats are there from <a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> or <a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> to late <a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> or early <a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCNP-program_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCNP-program-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They fly out of the cave in a <a href="/wiki/Dense" class="mw-redirect" title="Dense">dense</a> group, <a href="/wiki/Corkscrew" title="Corkscrew">corkscrewing</a> upwards. They usually start flying out around <a href="/wiki/Sunset" title="Sunset">sunset</a>. The event usually lasts about three <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every <a href="/wiki/Evening" title="Evening">evening</a> from <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> weekend to mid October, a <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Ranger" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Ranger">ranger</a> talks about the bats while visitors sitting in the <a href="/wiki/Amphitheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphitheater">amphitheater</a> wait to watch them fly out.<sup id="cite_ref-CCNP-program_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCNP-program-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-area-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-area_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/lwcf/upload/NPS-Acreage-12-31-2011.xlsx">"Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span>. Land Resource Division, National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listing+of+acreage+%E2%80%93+December+31%2C+2011&rft.pub=Land+Resource+Division%2C+National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Flwcf%2Fupload%2FNPS-Acreage-12-31-2011.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/lwcf/acreagereports.htm">National Park Service Acreage Reports</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irma.nps.gov/STATS/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Visitation%20By%20Park%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)">"Annual Visitation Report by Years: 2009 to 2019"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Annual+Visitation+Report+by+Years%3A+2009+to+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firma.nps.gov%2FSTATS%2FSSRSReports%2FNational%2520Reports%2FAnnual%2520Visitation%2520By%2520Park%2520%281979%2520-%2520Last%2520Calendar%2520Year%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cave/historyculture/index.htm">"History & Culture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%26+Culture&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcave%2Fhistoryculture%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808032014/https://www.caverbob.com/rooms.htm">"The Largest Underground Chambers by Surface Area"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caverbob.com/rooms.htm">the original</a> on August 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Largest+Underground+Chambers+by+Surface+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caverbob.com%2Frooms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1ScDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1931+plane&pg=PA54">"Elevators Whisk Tourist to Bottom of 750-Foot Cave"</a> <i>Popular Science</i>, May 1932, drawings of visitor center and elevators</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00291480&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL">"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Carlsbad Caverns, NM"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+Quick+Access+%E2%80%93+Station%3A+Carlsbad+Caverns%2C+NM&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26stations%3DUSC00291480%26format%3Dpdf%26dataTypes%3DMLY-TMAX-NORMAL%2CMLY-TMIN-NORMAL%2CMLY-TAVG-NORMAL%2CMLY-PRCP-NORMAL%2CMLY-SNOW-NORMAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOWData-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=maf">"NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Midland"</a>. National Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOAA+Online+Weather+Data+%E2%80%93+NWS+Midland&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fwrh%2Fclimate%3Fwfo%3Dmaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-BATS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NPS-BATS_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cave/naturescience/bats.htm">"Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Bats"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlsbad+Caverns+National+Park%3A+Bats&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcave%2Fnaturescience%2Fbats.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226165225/https://www.batcon.org/article/why-are-we-losing-our-mexican-free-tailed-bats/">"Why Are We Losing Our Mexican Free-tailed Bats?"</a>. <i>Bat Conservation International</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.batcon.org/article/why-are-we-losing-our-mexican-free-tailed-bats/">the original</a> on February 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bat+Conservation+International&rft.atitle=Why+Are+We+Losing+Our+Mexican+Free-tailed+Bats%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.batcon.org%2Farticle%2Fwhy-are-we-losing-our-mexican-free-tailed-bats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Millius" class="citation web cs1">Susan Millius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cave/planyourvisit/upload/bat_research.pdf">"Carlsbad's 8 million 'lost' bats likely never existed"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Science News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlsbad%27s+8+million+%27lost%27+bats+likely+never+existed&rft.pub=Science+News&rft.au=Susan+Millius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcave%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fupload%2Fbat_research.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCNP-BATS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CCNP-BATS_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cave/planyourvisit/upload/bat_research.pdf">"Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Bat Research: How many bats and other common questions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlsbad+Caverns+National+Park%3A+Bat+Research%3A+How+many+bats+and+other+common+questions&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcave%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fupload%2Fbat_research.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCNP-program-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CCNP-program_12-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CCNP-program_12-1">12.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cave/planyourvisit/bat_flight_program.htm">"Carlsbad Caverns National Park - Bat Flight Program"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlsbad+Caverns+National+Park+-+Bat+Flight+Program&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcave%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fbat_flight_program.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cave/planyourvisit/bat_flight_program.htm">"Carlsbad Caverns National Park – Brazilian Free-Tail Bat Outflight"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlsbad+Caverns+National+Park+%E2%80%93+Brazilian+Free-Tail+Bat+Outflight&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcave%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fbat_flight_program.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACarlsbad+Caverns+National+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoth_Cave_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammoth Cave National Park (not yet started)">Mammoth Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a> <small>and the</small> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poverty Point (not yet started)">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Antonio_Missions_(World_Heritage_Site)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Antonio Missions (World Heritage Site) (not yet started)">San Antonio Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carlsbad Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park">Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kluane_/_Wrangell%E2%80%93St._Elias_/_Glacier_Bay_/_Tatshenshini-Alsek" title="Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek">Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park">Olympic National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Pueblo de Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument" title="Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument">Papahānaumokuākea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks">Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterton-Glacier_International_Peace_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (not yet started)">Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright (not yet started)">The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Fortaleza_and_San_Juan_National_Historic_Site_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico (not yet started)">La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Canada" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Canada">Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&oldid=9443327">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park&oldid=9443327</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Category_II" title="Category:IUCN Category II">IUCN Category II</a></li><li><a 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