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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colom_imperial_negre" title="Colom imperial negre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Colom imperial negre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colomen_ymerodrol_ddu" title="Colomen ymerodrol ddu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Colomen ymerodrol ddu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarze_Fruchttaube" title="Schwarze Fruchttaube – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarze Fruchttaube" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="کبوتر شاهی سیاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کبوتر شاهی سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpophage_noir" title="Carpophage noir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carpophage noir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%93%D0%BA%D3%93_%D0%BA%D3%B9%D1%86%D0%BA%D3%B9_%D0%BA%D3%93%D0%B4%D3%B9" title="Шимӓкӓ кӹцкӹ кӓдӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Шимӓкӓ кӹцкӹ кӓдӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="الحمامة الامبراطورية السوداء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحمامة الامبراطورية السوداء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_muskaatduif" title="Zwarte muskaatduif – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarte muskaatduif" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DA%AF%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="کالا پگبن کبوتر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کالا پگبن کبوتر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart_kejsarduva" title="Svart kejsarduva – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svart kejsarduva" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Пінон чорний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пінон чорний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" title="Ducula melanochroa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ducula melanochroa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q372319#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of bird</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bismarck imperial pigeon" redirects here. For <i>Ducula subflavescens</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Yellowish_imperial_pigeon" title="Yellowish imperial pigeon">Yellowish imperial pigeon</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Black imperial pigeon </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ducula_melanochroa_50658986_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ducula" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_pigeon" title="Imperial pigeon"><i>Ducula</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>D. melanochroa</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Ducula melanochroa</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Sclater, PL</a>, 1878)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Carpophaga melanochroa</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Sclater, P. L.</a>, 1878</small></li> <li><i>Zonoenas melanochroa</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Sclater, P. L.</a>, 1878)</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>black imperial pigeon</b> (<i><b>Ducula melanochroa</b></i>), also known as the <b>Bismarck imperial pigeon</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of bird in the pigeon <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbidae</a>. First <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> by English zoologist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Philip Sclater</a> in 1878, it is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>, where it mainly inhabits rainforest and cloud forest in mountain areas above 500 m (1,600 ft). It is a large, heavily built <a href="/wiki/Imperial_pigeon" title="Imperial pigeon">imperial pigeon</a>, with a length of 38–43 cm (15–17 in) and a weight of 661–665 g (23.3–23.5 oz). Adults are almost entirely black, except for the dark chestnut <a href="/wiki/Undertail_coverts" class="mw-redirect" title="Undertail coverts">undertail coverts</a>, the silvery-grey underside of the tail, and a pale grey scaly pattern on the wings and back. Both sexes look alike. Juveniles differ from adults in having paler undertail coverts. </p><p>The species feeds on fruit in the <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a>, usually alone or in small flocks of up to 20 birds, though flocks of up to 40 birds have been found on <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">fig trees</a>. The only known nest was found on a mossy tree in January 1994 and had a single white egg. The pigeon is generally common in mountainous regions and is listed as being of <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">least concern</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> due to its sufficiently large range and lack of sufficient decline in its populations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_systematics">Taxonomy and systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The black imperial pigeon was originally <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> as <i>Carpophaga melanochroa</i> by the English zoologist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Philip Sclater</a> in 1878 based on specimens from the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York_Islands" title="Duke of York Islands">Duke of York Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1925, it had been moved to its current <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ducula" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducula">Ducula</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The generic name <i>Ducula</i> is from "dukul", the <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> name for imperial pigeons. The <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> <i>melanochroa</i> is from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word <i>melanokhrōs</i>, meaning black-skinned.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black imperial pigeon is the official <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> designated by the <a href="/wiki/International_Ornithologists%27_Union" title="International Ornithologists' Union">International Ornithologists' Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other common names for the species include Bismarck imperial pigeon and silver-laced imperial pigeon.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The black imperial pigeon is one of over 40 species in the imperial pigeon genus <i>Ducula</i> in the pigeon <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">Columbidae</a>. It has no subspecies.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was previously placed in a <a href="/wiki/Species_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Species group">species group</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Pinon%27s_imperial_pigeon" title="Pinon's imperial pigeon">Pinon's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiade_imperial_pigeon" title="Louisiade imperial pigeon">Louisiade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Collared_imperial_pigeon" title="Collared imperial pigeon">collared imperial pigeons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These four species were further thought to be most closely related to a group formed by the <a href="/wiki/Barking_imperial_pigeon" title="Barking imperial pigeon">barking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chestnut-bellied_imperial_pigeon" title="Chestnut-bellied imperial pigeon">chestnut-bellied</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu_imperial_pigeon" title="Vanuatu imperial pigeon">Vanuatu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goliath_imperial_pigeon" title="Goliath imperial pigeon">goliath imperial pigeons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2017 study of <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_DNA" title="Nuclear DNA">nuclear DNA</a> found the black imperial pigeon to be most closely related to the Vanuatu imperial pigeon, and that these two species were part of a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> (group of all the descendants of a common ancestor) that also included the <a href="/wiki/Silver-tipped_imperial_pigeon" title="Silver-tipped imperial pigeon">silver-tipped</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pied_imperial_pigeon" title="Pied imperial pigeon">pied</a>, barking, chestnut-bellied, Vanuatu, goliath, Pinon's, and collared imperial pigeons.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The black imperial pigeon is a large, heavily built, long-tailed species for its genus, with a length of 38–43 cm (15–17 in) and a weight of 661–665 g (23.3–23.5 oz). It is almost entirely slaty-black, with a slight gloss to the feathers of the upper back and the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#scapulars" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § scapulars" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">scapulars</span></a></dfn>. The wing <a href="/wiki/Coverts" class="mw-redirect" title="Coverts">coverts</a> and feathers of the back have silver or pale grey fringes that make a scaled pattern. The <a href="/wiki/Undertail_coverts" class="mw-redirect" title="Undertail coverts">undertail coverts</a> (feathers between the tail and belly) are dark chestnut. The tail is pale black above, while the underside of the tail is silvery-grey. The bill is slaty-grey with a black tip and the <a href="/wiki/Cere" class="mw-redirect" title="Cere">cere</a> is mostly lacks feathers, giving the forehead a steeper appearance than related species such as Pinon's imperial pigeon. The <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a> is dark red and the feet are dark purplish-red. Both sexes look alike. Juveniles are similar to adults, but have paler chestnut on the undertail coverts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moulting" title="Moulting">Moulting</a> is known to take place in November, December, and January.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In flight, immature <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_pigeon" title="Nicobar pigeon">Nicobar pigeons</a> may be confused with this species due to their all-black appearance, but the former have longer wings, a shorter tail, and an overall longer appearance, with a thinner neck.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalisations">Vocalisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vocalisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species is known to give three low-pitched booming notes, along with grunts and a <a href="/wiki/Hornbill" title="Hornbill">hornbill</a>-like <i>arh</i>. These vocalisations may be the same as calls described as deep hoots and "peculiar" grunts on <a href="/wiki/Umboi" class="mw-redirect" title="Umboi">Umboi</a>. A very deep, monotonic <i>mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm</i> has also been reported from <a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(island)" title="New Ireland (island)">New Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The black imperial pigeon is endemic to the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>, where it is found on the islands of Umboi, <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watom_Island" title="Watom Island">Watom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York_Island,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Duke of York Island, Papua New Guinea">Duke of York</a>, and New Ireland. It prefers <a href="/wiki/Rainforests" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainforests">rainforests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud forests">cloud forests</a> above altitudes of 500 m (1,600 ft) in hills and mountains, but is also known to inhabit <a href="/wiki/Forest_edge" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest edge">forest edge</a>, partially logged forests, and lowland forest. It is found at elevations of 150–1,850 m (490–6,070 ft) on New Britain, from 300–700 m (980–2,300 ft) on Umboi, and from 700–1,800 m (2,300–5,900 ft) on New Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On New Britain, its abundance in the lowlands varies seasonally, suggesting that it <a href="/wiki/Altitudinal_migration" title="Altitudinal migration">migrates altitudinally</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Vagrancy_(biology)" title="Vagrancy (biology)">vagrant</a> on some small islands between New Ireland and New Britain, meaning that it may also migrate between the two islands.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Behaviour and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The black imperial pigeon is <a href="/wiki/Frugivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Frugivorous">frugivorous</a> and has been observed feeding on fruit with diameters between 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) and wild figs. Foraging occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a> and is most often done alone or in small flocks of up to 20 birds, although flocks with as many as 40 birds may be seen on <i><a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">Ficus</a></i> trees. It is known to form flocks with <a href="/wiki/White-bibbed_fruit_dove" title="White-bibbed fruit dove">white-bibbed fruit doves</a> while foraging.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only known black imperial pigeon nest was found in January 1994, at an elevation of 1,760 m (5,770 ft) on New Ireland, and had a diameter of 23 cm (9.1 in). It was made entirely out of twigs, with no material lining the surface, and was placed at a height of around 4 m (13 ft) between two branches on a mossy tree. It had a single white egg.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The black imperial pigeon is listed as being of <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">least concern</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> due to a sufficiently large range and lack of sufficient population decline.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought to be common on New Britain, with an estimated population of more than 10,000 birds, and is generally common locally in mountainous regions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it has shown an ability to tolerate <a href="/wiki/Selective_logging" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective logging">selective logging</a> in forests on New Ireland, its population is thought to currently be declining due to <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2018" class="citation journal cs1">BirdLife International (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691765/130180626">"<i>Ducula melanochroa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T22691765A130180626. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691765A130180626.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691765A130180626.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: British Ornithologists' Union. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.152920">10.5962/bhl.title.152920</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library" title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+systematic+list+of+the+birds+of+the+Australasian+region&rft.place=London&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=British+Ornithologists%27+Union&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.152920&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=Gregory+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F257003%23page%2F75%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSclater1878" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Sclater, P. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IOC+World+Bird+List+Version+13.2&rft.atitle=Pigeons&rft.date=2023-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fbow%2Fpigeons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbsBarnesCox2001" class="citation book cs1">Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace; Cox, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r__Tx8QKQfMC"><i>Pigeons and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pica_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pica Press">Pica Press</a>. pp. 560–561. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8734-0360-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8734-0360-0"><bdi>978-1-8734-0360-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/701718514">701718514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pigeons+and+Doves%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Pigeons+and+Doves+of+the+World&rft.pages=560-561&rft.pub=Pica+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F701718514&rft.isbn=978-1-8734-0360-0&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Eustace&rft.au=Cox%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr__Tx8QKQfMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaptistaTrailHorblitBoesman2020" class="citation journal cs1">Baptista, Luis F.; Trail, Pepper W.; Horblit, H.M.; Boesman, Peter F. D.; Garcia, Ernest (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biipig1/1.0/introduction">"Bismarck Imperial-Pigeon (<i>Ducula melanochroa</i>)"</a></span>. <i>Birds of the World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Lab_of_Ornithology" title="Cornell Lab of Ornithology">Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2173%2Fbow.biipig1.01">10.2173/bow.biipig1.01</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birds+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Bismarck+Imperial-Pigeon+%28Ducula+melanochroa%29&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2173%2Fbow.biipig1.01&rft.aulast=Baptista&rft.aufirst=Luis+F.&rft.au=Trail%2C+Pepper+W.&rft.au=Horblit%2C+H.M.&rft.au=Boesman%2C+Peter+F.+D.&rft.au=Garcia%2C+Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbirdsoftheworld.org%2Fbow%2Fspecies%2Fbiipig1%2F1.0%2Fintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiboisThibaultBonilloFilardi2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cibois, Alice; Thibault, Jean-Claude; Bonillo, Céline; Filardi, Christopher E.; Pasquet, Eric (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790317301707">"Phylogeny and biogeography of the imperial pigeons (Aves: Columbidae) in the Pacific Ocean"</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>110</b>: 19–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2017.02.016">10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+biogeography+of+the+imperial+pigeons+%28Aves%3A+Columbidae%29+in+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.volume=110&rft.pages=19-26&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2017.02.016&rft.aulast=Cibois&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.au=Thibault%2C+Jean-Claude&rft.au=Bonillo%2C+C%C3%A9line&rft.au=Filardi%2C+Christopher+E.&rft.au=Pasquet%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1055790317301707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartert1926" class="citation journal cs1">Hartert, Ernst (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22616#page/148/mode/1up">"On the birds of the district of Talasea in New Britain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Novitates_Zoologicae" title="Novitates Zoologicae">Novitates Zoologicae</a></i>. <b>33</b>: 124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.part.21145">10.5962/bhl.part.21145</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-7655">0950-7655</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library" title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novitates+Zoologicae&rft.atitle=On+the+birds+of+the+district+of+Talasea+in+New+Britain&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=124&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.part.21145&rft.issn=0950-7655&rft.aulast=Hartert&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F22616%23page%2F148%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2018" class="citation journal cs1">BirdLife International (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691765/130180626">"<i>Ducula melanochroa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T22691765A130180626. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691765A130180626.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691765A130180626.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Ducula+melanochroa&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=e.T22691765A130180626&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691765A130180626.en&rft.au=BirdLife+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F22691765%2F130180626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchananButchartDutsonPilgrim2008" class="citation journal cs1">Buchanan, Graeme M.; Butchart, Stuart H.M.; Dutson, Guy; Pilgrim, John D.; Steininger, Marc K.; Bishop, K. David; Mayaux, Philippe (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320707003564">"Using remote sensing to inform conservation status assessment: Estimates of recent deforestation rates on New Britain and the impacts upon endemic birds"</a>. <i>Biological Conservation</i>. <b>141</b> (1): 62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2007.08.023">10.1016/j.biocon.2007.08.023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Using+remote+sensing+to+inform+conservation+status+assessment%3A+Estimates+of+recent+deforestation+rates+on+New+Britain+and+the+impacts+upon+endemic+birds&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2007.08.023&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Graeme+M.&rft.au=Butchart%2C+Stuart+H.M.&rft.au=Dutson%2C+Guy&rft.au=Pilgrim%2C+John+D.&rft.au=Steininger%2C+Marc+K.&rft.au=Bishop%2C+K.+David&rft.au=Mayaux%2C+Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0006320707003564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+imperial+pigeon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ducula melanochroa</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372319" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q372319">Q372319</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ducula_melanochroa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ducula melanochroa">Ducula melanochroa</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ducula_melanochroa/">Ducula_melanochroa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Avibase" title="Avibase">Avibase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=231207ABB775AFB0">231207ABB775AFB0</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22691765">22691765</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=113774">113774</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_World" title="Birds of the World">BOW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/biipig1">biipig1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/37Z9M">37Z9M</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EBird" title="EBird">eBird</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/biipig1">biipig1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1049923">1049923</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2495970">2495970</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/3176">3176</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11355864">11355864</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=177377">177377</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22691765">22691765</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=796398">796398</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/72671/">72671</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=51612">51612</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Xeno-canto" title="Xeno-canto">Xeno-canto</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Ducula-melanochroa">Ducula-melanochroa</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&oldid=1249991370">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_imperial_pigeon&oldid=1249991370</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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