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<span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_relating_to_students'_unions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_relating_to_students'_unions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Law relating to students' unions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_relating_to_students'_unions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div 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dir="ltr"><p> In universities in the United Kingdom <b>students' unions</b> are constituted under Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1994" title="Education Act 1994">Education Act 1994</a>. The ultimate purpose of <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' unions</a> is to democratically represent the interests of their members. Students who resign their membership may still use union social facilities provided (often the main or only such facilities available) since they are for the benefit of the <i>students</i> of the institution, not just union members. The vast majority of UK students' unions are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students</a> (NUS). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first students' union in the UK was the Student Representative Council formed at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> in 1884. The <a href="/wiki/Universities_(Scotland)_Act_1889" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities (Scotland) Act 1889">Universities (Scotland) Act 1889</a> secured the existence of <a href="/wiki/Students%27_representative_council" title="Students' representative council">students' representative councils</a> (SRCs) at the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_universities_of_Scotland" title="Ancient universities of Scotland">four Scottish universities then in existence</a> and their right to make representations to the <a href="/wiki/University_court" title="University court">university courts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HEPI2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEPI2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In England, primarily social "union societies" came into existence earlier, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Cambridge Union</a> (1815) and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Union" title="Oxford Union">Oxford Union</a> (1823), but these were not representative bodies. The first students' union to develop in England was the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Guild_of_Students" title="Liverpool Guild of Students">Liverpool Guild of Students</a> in 1892, although the UCL Student Union was the first to receive official recognition, in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-HEPI2018_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEPI2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, the union society transformed into the students' union, e.g. at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> where the Union Society of King's College London (established in 1873) became the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London_Students%27_Union" title="King's College London Students' Union">King's College London Students' Union</a> in 1908, <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in others an entirely new body was established alongside the existing society, e.g. at <a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham University</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Durham_Students%27_Union" title="Durham Students' Union">Durham Colleges Students' Representative Council</a> was established in 1899 separately from the <a href="/wiki/Durham_Union_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Durham Union Society">Durham Union Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students</a> was established in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-HEPI2018_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEPI2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain's first <a href="/wiki/Student_center" title="Student center">students' union building</a> was built at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a> in 1910–1913.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was again predated by buildings built for union societies, including the Oxford Union in 1857, the Cambridge Union in 1866, and the Edinburgh University Union's <a href="/wiki/Teviot_Row_House" title="Teviot Row House">Teviot Row House</a> in 1889. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Student unionism in the United Kingdom">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although "students' union" is by far the most common name adopted by these organisations in the UK, seven (including <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a>) are named 'guilds' of students while the term 'students' association' is also used at some institutions, particularly in Scotland, where the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">ancient universities</a> used to have a pair of segregated student unions for men and women and/or had separate "unions" for social activities and "students' representative councils" for representational matters (an arrangement that still exists at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>). When these were amalgamated the term 'students' association' was introduced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to lobbying, campaigning, debating and carrying out other representative activities, most students' unions facilitate 'student activities' (societies, volunteering opportunities, and sport) peer-led support (through advice centres, helplines, job shops and more), and social venues to bring their members together. Most unions receive some funding through an annual allocation, also called the block grant, from their educational institution.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many unions supplement this income from commercial sales from their venues, shops, and marketing revenue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Student unionism in the United Kingdom">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative government</a> under <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> attempted to severely reduce the influence of students' unions in Britain, the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">NUS</a> and individual students' unions managed to successfully lobby against the moves to restrict their political activities. The then Education Secretary, John Patten aimed to end the '<a href="/wiki/Closed_shop" title="Closed shop">closed shop</a>' and ensure students would have to join their union (opt-in) rather than automatically becoming a member. As many unions receive funding based upon membership levels this threatened their ability to achieve their core business. </p><p>In 2004, lobbying by the NUS against a <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (proposed law)">bill</a> to introduce variable student fees in English and Welsh universities contributed towards the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> government's majority being slashed to just five in the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">Commons</a> vote on the bill. However, this bill passed as the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_2004" title="Higher Education Act 2004">Higher Education Act 2004</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_relating_to_students'_unions"><span id="Law_relating_to_students.27_unions"></span>Law relating to students' unions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Law relating to students' unions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of students' unions is enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1994" title="Education Act 1994">Education Act 1994</a>, which requires educational institutions to have a code of practice and publicise the ability to opt-out from membership without forfeiting access to the majority of union services. The Act also requires that unions have a written constitution and that elections to major union offices are held by a secret ballot of the membership. The Act states that if a petition signed by a minimum number of students (the threshold cannot exceed 5 per cent) is lodged then a referendum must be held on whether or not to end one of the union's affiliations. Money donated to a students' union is subject to <a href="/wiki/Ultra_vires" title="Ultra vires">ultra vires</a> law and can only be spent to further this charitable purpose. A major source of funding for most unions are 'block grant' donations given by their colleges or universities. Historically, the majority of students' unions were exempt charities however a change to the law means that unions became registered charities during 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students' unions are required to act in the interests of their members as students. </p><p>In general, a students' union is a separate legal person from the university or college which it is associated with,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however in some cases the union is regarded as an integral part of the university.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scotland">Scotland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Student unionism in the United Kingdom">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All students are eligible to elect members to the Student Representative Council unless they opt-out under the <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1994" title="Education Act 1994">Education Act 1994</a>, and the president of the SRC is often a member of the <a href="/wiki/University_court" title="University court">university court</a>, the governing body of a Scottish ancient. Where separate students' unions still exist (for example at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>), they operate as private members' clubs. At other universities, the SRC and the former union or unions have been combined into a single students' association. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Student unionism in the United Kingdom">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, students' unions operate in a similar way to those in Great Britain, except that they cannot exclusively be members of NUS. At the height of the <a href="/wiki/Troubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubles">Troubles</a> in 1972, a bilateral agreement between the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students UK</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Students_in_Ireland" title="Union of Students in Ireland">Union of Students in Ireland</a>, decided that all student unions within Northern Ireland would hold membership of both organisations, through a new group called <a href="/wiki/NUS-USI" class="mw-redirect" title="NUS-USI">NUS-USI</a>. The move was an attempt to promote student unity despite the sectarian divide and the arrangement is still in place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Officers">Officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Student unionism in the United Kingdom">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In a British students' union a <b>sabbatical officer</b> is a full-time paid officer elected by students from their membership. The sabbatical officers are generally <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">trustees</a> of the students' union. Many students' unions also have unpaid officers who continue as students during their term of office. Some of these non-sabbatical officers may sit on the Executive Committee of the Union, or on the Union Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_students%27_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of students' unions in the United Kingdom">List of students' unions in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Students" title="Socialist Students">Socialist Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HEPI2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HEPI2018_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HEPI2018_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HEPI2018_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDayDickinson2018" class="citation report cs1">Day, Mike; Dickinson, Jim (6 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2018/09/06/david-versus-goliath-past-present-future-students-unions-uk-2/">David versus Goliath: The past, present and future of students’ unions in the UK</a> (Report). Higher Education Policy Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=David+versus+Goliath%3A+The+past%2C+present+and+future+of+students%E2%80%99+unions+in+the+UK&rft.pub=Higher+Education+Policy+Institute&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Dickinson%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hepi.ac.uk%2F2018%2F09%2F06%2Fdavid-versus-goliath-past-present-future-students-unions-uk-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kclsu.org/about/kclsu/history/">"KCLSU History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KCLSU+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kclsu.org%2Fabout%2Fkclsu%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B1gjAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA269&dq=%22Durham+colleges+students%27+representative+council%22">"Durham Colleges Students'Representative Council"</a>. <i>Durham University Journal</i>: 269. 13 May 1899.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Durham+University+Journal&rft.atitle=Durham+Colleges+Students%27Representative+Council&rft.pages=269&rft.date=1899-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB1gjAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA269%26dq%3D%2522Durham%2Bcolleges%2Bstudents%2527%2Brepresentative%2Bcouncil%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.rt.emap.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2017/11/04085628/Dunelm-House-Historic-England-advice-report.pdf">Case Name: Dunelm House, Durham</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. 6 December 2016. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Case+Name%3A+Dunelm+House%2C+Durham&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Historic+England&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.rt.emap.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F4%2F2017%2F11%2F04085628%2FDunelm-House-Historic-England-advice-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nus.org.uk/Students-Unions/Setting-up-a-students-union/Getting-the-union-funded/">"Getting the union funded: Setting up a students' union: Students' Unions"</a>. nus.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+the+union+funded%3A+Setting+up+a+students%27+union%3A+Students%27+Unions&rft.pub=nus.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nus.org.uk%2FStudents-Unions%2FSetting-up-a-students-union%2FGetting-the-union-funded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hefce.ac.uk/finance/charities/act/sector/su.asp">"Charity regulation"</a>. HEFCE. 20 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charity+regulation&rft.pub=HEFCE&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hefce.ac.uk%2Ffinance%2Fcharities%2Fact%2Fsector%2Fsu.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinsentmasons.com/media/1259311266.htm">"Universities Legal Briefing – March 2007"</a>. Pinsentmasons.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universities+Legal+Briefing+%E2%80%93+March+2007&rft.pub=Pinsentmasons.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinsentmasons.com%2Fmedia%2F1259311266.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStudent+unionism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://resource.nusonline.co.uk/media/resource/qc%20opinion%20on%20Charities%20Act.doc">http://resource.nusonline.co.uk/media/resource/qc%20opinion%20on%20Charities%20Act.doc</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Dunn_(NUS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megan Dunn (NUS)">Megan Dunn</a> (2015–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malia_Bouattia" title="Malia Bouattia">Malia Bouattia</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakira_Martin_(NUS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakira Martin (NUS)">Shakira Martin</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamzam_Ibrahim" title="Zamzam Ibrahim">Zamzam Ibrahim</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa_Kennedy" title="Larissa Kennedy">Larissa Kennedy</a> (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="List of presidents of the National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">List of presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_Scotland" title="National Union of Students Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students-Union_of_Students_in_Ireland" title="National Union of Students-Union of Students in Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_Wales" title="National Union of Students Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberation campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_LGBT%2B_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign">LGBT+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_Disabled_Students%27_Campaign" title="National Union of Students Disabled Students' Campaign">Disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_Black_Students%27_Campaign" title="National Union of Students Black Students' Campaign">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_Women%27s_Campaign" title="National Union of Students Women's Campaign">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaffiliated_Students%27_Unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of disaffiliated Students' Unions in the United Kingdom">Non-affiliated unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students (NOLS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Left_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Student Left Network">Student Left Network</a> (formerly National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers%27_Student_Society" title="Socialist Workers' Student Society">SWSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Left" title="Liberation Left">Liberation Left</a> (formerly Student Broad Left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_Independents" title="Organised Independents">Organised Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNP_Students" title="SNP Students">SNP Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Liberals_(UK)" title="Young Liberals (UK)">Young Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Future" title="Conservative Future">Conservative Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Greens_of_England_and_Wales" title="Young Greens of England and Wales">Young Greens (YGEW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Young_Greens" title="Scottish Young Greens">Scottish Young Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Independence">Young Independence (UKIP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_the_National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="Governance of the National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">Governance </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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