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id="toc-28_May_–_4_June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#28_May_–_4_June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 28 May – 4 June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-28_May_–_4_June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Navy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Navy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Navy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evacuation_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evacuation_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Evacuation routes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evacuation_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Little_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Little_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Little ships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Little_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Casualties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dunkirk_Jack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dunkirk_Jack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Dunkirk Jack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dunkirk_Jack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Portrayals </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Portrayals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Portrayals subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dunkirk evacuation</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" > 53 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="انسحاب دونكيرك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انسحاب دونكيرك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Dinamo" title="Operación Dinamo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Operación Dinamo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinamo_%C9%99m%C9%99liyyat%C4%B1" title="Dinamo əməliyyatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dinamo əməliyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دونکرک تخلیه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دونکرک تخلیه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%E2%80%9E%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%E2%80%9C" title="Операция „Динамо“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Операция „Динамо“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuaci%C3%B3_de_Dunkerque" title="Evacuació de Dunkerque – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evacuació de Dunkerque" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operace_Dynamo" title="Operace Dynamo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Operace Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwac%C3%A2d_Dunkerque" title="Gwacâd Dunkerque – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwacâd Dunkerque" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dynamo" title="Operation Dynamo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Operation Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dynamo" title="Operation Dynamo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Operation Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatsioon_Dynamo" title="Operatsioon Dynamo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Operatsioon Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Εκκένωση της Δουνκέρκης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκκένωση της Δουνκέρκης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Dinamo" title="Operación Dinamo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación Dinamo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaco_Dinamo" title="Operaco Dinamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Operaco Dinamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkerqueko_ateratzea" title="Dunkerqueko ateratzea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dunkerqueko ateratzea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="تخلیه دانکرک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخلیه دانکرک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vacuation_de_Dunkerque" title="Évacuation de Dunkerque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évacuation de Dunkerque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evakuaasje_fan_D%C3%BAntsjerk" title="Evakuaasje fan Dúntsjerk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Evakuaasje fan Dúntsjerk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslonn%C3%BA_Dunkirk" title="Aslonnú Dunkirk – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aslonnú Dunkirk" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%90%AD%EC%BC%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%B2%A0%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%91%EC%A0%84" title="됭케르크 철수 작전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="됭케르크 철수 작전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դյունկերկի օպերացիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դյունկերկի օպերացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evakuasi_Dunkerque" title="Evakuasi Dunkerque – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Evakuasi Dunkerque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Dynamo" title="Operazione Dynamo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%95" title="מבצע דינמו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבצע דינמו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дюнкерк операция – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Дюнкерк операция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დიუნკერკის ევაკუაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიუნკერკის ევაკუაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denkerkas_evaku%C4%81cija" title="Denkerkas evakuācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Denkerkas evakuācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatioun_Dynamo" title="Operatioun Dynamo – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Operatioun Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinam%C3%B3_hadm%C5%B1velet" title="Dinamó hadművelet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dinamó hadművelet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemindahan_Dunkirk" title="Pemindahan Dunkirk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemindahan Dunkirk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatie_Dynamo" title="Operatie Dynamo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Operatie Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A2%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%A6" title="ダイナモ作戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダイナモ作戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evakueringen_fra_Dunkerque" title="Evakueringen fra Dunkerque – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Evakueringen fra Dunkerque" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasjon_Dynamo" title="Operasjon Dynamo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Operasjon Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_Dynamo" title="Operacja Dynamo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_D%C3%ADnamo" title="Operação Dínamo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Dínamo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C8%9Biunea_Dynamo" title="Operațiunea Dynamo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Operațiunea Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дюнкеркская операция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюнкеркская операция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="ඩන්කර්ක් මුදවාගැනීම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩන්කර්ක් මුදවාගැනීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dunkirk evacuation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oper%C3%A1cia_Dynamo" title="Operácia Dynamo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Operácia Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacija_Dinamo" title="Operacija Dinamo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operacija Dinamo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Операција Динамо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Операција Динамо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacija_Dynamo" title="Operacija Dynamo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Operacija Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkerquen_evakuointi" title="Dunkerquen evakuointi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dunkerquen evakuointi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dynamo" title="Operation Dynamo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Operation Dynamo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="டைனமோ நடவடிக்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டைனமோ நடவடிக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="การถอนทัพที่เดิงแกร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การถอนทัพที่เดิงแกร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkerque_Tahliyesi" title="Dunkerque Tahliyesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dunkerque Tahliyesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дюнкерська евакуація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дюнкерська евакуація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_d%E1%BB%8Bch_Dynamo" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Evacuation of Allied forces in early 1940</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Dynamo</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Allied evacuation of Dunkirk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg/297px-Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg" decoding="async" width="297" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg/446px-Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg/594px-Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_NYP68075.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1745" /></a> British troops lined up on the beach awaiting evacuation</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>26 May to 4 June 1940</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">France, <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dunkirk_evacuation&params=51_02_N_2_22_E_source:kolossus-nowiki">51°02′N 2°22′E / 51.033°N 2.367°E / 51.033; 2.367</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Allied retreat</li><li>Evacuation of 338,226 soldiers</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj"><img alt="British Raj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman2020-1">[1]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweeting2010-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic"><img alt="French Third Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic"><img alt="French Third Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShephard2003169-4">[4]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile"><img alt="Polish government-in-exile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Army_in_France_(1939%E2%80%931940)" title="Polish Army in France (1939–1940)">Poland</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESweeting2010-2">[2]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Vereker,_6th_Viscount_Gort" title="John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort">Lord Gort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Ramsay" title="Bertram Ramsay">Bertram Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis">Harold Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William_Tennant_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Tennant (Royal Navy officer)">William Tennant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peverell_Hichens" title="Robert Peverell Hichens">Robert Peverell Hichens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic"><img alt="French Third Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Charles_Abrial" title="Jean-Marie Charles Abrial">J.M. Charles Abrial</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004197-6">[6]</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt" title="Gerd von Rundstedt">Gerd von Rundstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War II)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Western Front (World War II)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War II)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Front_ofWorld_War_II7469" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front of World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Forth" title="Battle of the River Forth">River Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Offensive" title="Saar Offensive">Saar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Heligoland_Bight_(1939)" title="Battle of the Heligoland Bight (1939)">The Heligoland Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wikinger" title="Operation Wikinger">Wikinger</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuster_Line" title="Schuster Line">Schuster Line</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maastricht" title="Battle of Maastricht">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mill" title="Battle of Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_The_Hague" title="Battle for The Hague">The Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rotterdam" title="Battle of Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zeeland" title="Battle of Zeeland">Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Grebbeberg" title="Battle of the Grebbeberg">The Grebbeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Afsluitdijk" title="Battle of the Afsluitdijk">Afsluitdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_bombing_of_Rotterdam" title="German bombing of Rotterdam">Rotterdam Blitz</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_%C3%89ben-%C3%89mael" title="Battle of Fort Ében-Émael">Fort Ében-Émael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hannut" title="Battle of Hannut">Hannut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_David" title="Operation David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1940)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1940)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_(1940)" title="Battle of the Lys (1940)">La Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ypres%E2%80%93Comines_Canal" title="Battle of the Ypres–Comines Canal">Ypres–Comines Canal</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan_(1940)" title="Battle of Sedan (1940)">Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montcornet" title="Battle of Montcornet">Montcornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saumur_(1940)" title="Battle of Saumur (1940)">Saumur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1940)" title="Battle of Arras (1940)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulogne" title="Battle of Boulogne">Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1940)" title="Siege of Calais (1940)">Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk" title="Battle of Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dynamo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abbeville" title="Battle of Abbeville">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lille_(1940)" title="Siege of Lille (1940)">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paula" title="Operation Paula">Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_France" title="Italian invasion of France">1st Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haddock_Force" title="Haddock Force">Haddock Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanalkampf" title="Kanalkampf">Kanalkampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlertag" title="Adlertag">Adlertag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hardest_Day" title="The Hardest Day">The Hardest Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_Day" title="Battle of Britain Day">Battle of Britain Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Lion" title="Operation Sea Lion">Sea Lion</a></li></ul> 1941–1943 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Dash" title="Channel Dash">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Donnerkeil" title="Operation Donnerkeil">Donnerkeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baedeker_Blitz" title="Baedeker Blitz">Baedeker Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commando_raids_on_the_Atlantic_Wall" title="List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall">Commando Raids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1944–1945 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steinbock" title="Operation Steinbock">Baby Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chastity" title="Operation Chastity">Chastity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Siegfried Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#The_final_year" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%BCrtgen_Forest" title="Battle of Hürtgen Forest">Hürtgen Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aachen" title="Battle of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Queen" title="Operation Queen">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt" title="Battle of the Scheldt">Scheldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northwind_(1944)" title="Operation Northwind (1944)">Nordwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Alps" title="Second Battle of the Alps">2nd Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar_Pocket" title="Colmar Pocket">Colmar Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_pockets" title="Atlantic pockets">Atlantic Pockets</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blackcock" title="Operation Blackcock">Blackcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grenade" title="Operation Grenade">Grenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blockbuster" title="Operation Blockbuster">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lumberjack" title="Operation Lumberjack">Lumberjack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Remagen" title="Battle of Remagen">Remagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cologne_(1945)" title="Battle of Cologne (1945)">Cologne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gisela" title="Operation Gisela">Gisela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Undertone" title="Operation Undertone">Undertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">Plunder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Varsity" title="Operation Varsity">Varsity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paderborn_(1945)" title="Battle of Paderborn (1945)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhr_pocket" title="Ruhr pocket">Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_Baum" title="Task Force Baum">TF Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frankfurt" title="Battle of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg_(1945)" title="Battle of Würzburg (1945)">Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kassel_(1945)" title="Battle of Kassel (1945)">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heilbronn_(1945)" title="Battle of Heilbronn (1945)">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nuremberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Nuremberg (1945)">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Hamburg" title="Capture of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li></ul> Strategic campaigns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_the_Reich" title="Defence of the Reich">Defence of the Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic Bombing Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commando_raids_on_the_Atlantic_Wall" title="List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall">Raids on the Atlantic Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of Atlantic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battle_of_France3753" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Battle_of_France" title="Template:Campaignbox Battle of France"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Battle_of_France" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Battle of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Battle_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Battle of France"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battle_of_France3753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">France</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Royal_Marine" title="Operation Royal Marine">Royal Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France#Central_front" title="Battle of France">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan_(1940)" title="Battle of Sedan (1940)">Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montcornet" title="Battle of Montcornet">Montcornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line#German_invasion_in_World_War_II" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France#Weygand_Plan" title="Battle of France">Weygand Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1940)" title="Battle of Arras (1940)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulogne" title="Battle of Boulogne">Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1940)" title="Siege of Calais (1940)">Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk" title="Battle of Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormhoudt_massacre" title="Wormhoudt massacre">Wormhoudt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abbeville" title="Battle of Abbeville">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lille_(1940)" title="Siege of Lille (1940)">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paula" title="Operation Paula">Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Rot" title="Fall Rot">Fall Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_France" title="Italian invasion of France">Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haddock_Force" title="Haddock Force">Haddock Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cycle" title="Operation Cycle">Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lagarde_(1940)" title="Battle of Lagarde (1940)">Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saumur_(1940)" title="Battle of Saumur (1940)">Saumur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aerial" title="Operation Aerial">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Braun#1940" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall Braun">Fall Braun</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maastricht" title="Battle of Maastricht">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mill" title="Battle of Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_The_Hague" title="Battle for The Hague">The Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rotterdam" title="Battle of Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zeeland" title="Battle of Zeeland">Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Grebbeberg" title="Battle of the Grebbeberg">The Grebbeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Afsluitdijk" title="Battle of the Afsluitdijk">Afsluitdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_bombing_of_Rotterdam" title="German bombing of Rotterdam">Rotterdam Blitz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">Belgium</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Eben-Emael" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Eben-Emael">Fort Eben-Emael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-W_Line" title="K-W Line">K-W Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_war_planning_1920%E2%80%931940" title="French war planning 1920–1940">Dyle Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_David" title="Operation David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hannut" title="Battle of Hannut">Hannut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1940)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1940)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_(1940)" title="Battle of the Lys (1940)">Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ypres%E2%80%93Comines_Canal" title="Battle of the Ypres–Comines Canal">Ypres–Comines Canal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schuster_Line" title="Schuster Line">Schuster Line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, or just Dunkirk, was the evacuation of more than 338,000 <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> soldiers during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> from the beaches and harbour of <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>, in the north of <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, between 26 May and 4 June 1940. The operation commenced after large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French</a> troops were cut off and surrounded by <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German troops</a> during the six-week <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invaded Poland</a> in September 1939, France and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> declared war on Germany and imposed an <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1939-45)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockade of Germany (1939-45)">economic blockade</a>. The <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF) was sent to help defend France. After the <a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a> of October 1939 to April 1940, Germany <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Belgium">invaded Belgium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and France on 10 May 1940. Three <a href="/wiki/Panzer_corps" title="Panzer corps">panzer corps</a> attacked through the <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a> and drove northwest to the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. By 21 May, German forces had trapped the BEF, the remains of the Belgian forces, and three French <a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">field armies</a> along the northern coast of France. BEF commander <a href="/wiki/General_(British_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="General (British Army)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Vereker,_6th_Viscount_Gort" title="John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort">Viscount Gort</a> immediately saw evacuation across the Channel as the best course of action, and began planning a withdrawal to Dunkirk, the closest good port. Late on 23 May, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk#Halt_order" title="Battle of Dunkirk">the halt order</a> was issued by <a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt" title="Gerd von Rundstedt">Gerd von Rundstedt</a>, commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_A" title="Army Group A">Army Group A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> approved this order the next day, and had the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">German High Command</a> send confirmation to the front. Attacking the trapped BEF, French, and Belgian armies was left to the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> until the order was rescinded on 26 May. This gave Allied forces time to construct defensive works and pull back large numbers of troops to fight the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk" title="Battle of Dunkirk">Battle of Dunkirk</a>. From 28 to 31 May, in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lille_(1940)" title="Siege of Lille (1940)">siege of Lille</a>, the remaining 40,000 men of the French First Army fought a delaying action against seven German <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>, including three <a href="/wiki/Panzer_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer division">armoured divisions</a>. On the first day, only 7,669 Allied soldiers were evacuated, but by the end of the eighth day, 338,226 had been rescued by a hastily assembled fleet of over 800 vessels. Many troops were able to embark from the harbour's protective <a href="/wiki/Mole_(architecture)" title="Mole (architecture)">mole</a> onto 39 British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> destroyers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017-3">[3]</a> at least three <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> destroyers, and a variety of civilian merchant ships. Others had to wade out from the beaches, waiting for hours in shoulder-deep water. Some were ferried to the larger ships by what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Little_Ships_of_Dunkirk" title="Little Ships of Dunkirk">Little Ships of Dunkirk</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotilla</a> of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">merchant marine</a> boats, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing boat">fishing boats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasure craft">pleasure craft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yachts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboats</a> called into service from Britain. The BEF lost 68,000 soldiers during the French campaign and had to abandon nearly all of its tanks, vehicles, and equipment. In his "<a href="/wiki/We_shall_fight_on_the_beaches" title="We shall fight on the beaches">We shall fight on the beaches</a>" speech on 4 June to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> called the event "a colossal military disaster", saying "the whole root and core and brain of the British Army" had been stranded at Dunkirk and seemed about to perish or be captured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill2003212-7">[7]</a> He hailed their rescue as a "miracle of deliverance".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESafire2004146-8">[8]</a> Churchill also reminded the country that "we must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></div> In September 1939, after <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invaded Poland</a>, the United Kingdom sent the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF) to aid in the defence of France, landing at <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire</a>. By May 1940 the force consisted of ten <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> in three <a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">corps</a> under the command of General <a href="/wiki/John_Vereker,_6th_Viscount_Gort" title="John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort">John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20119-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20117-11">[11]</a> Working with the BEF were the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgian Army</a> and the French <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Army (France)">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Army (France)">Seventh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Army (France)">Ninth</a> Armies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011305-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG/220px-16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG/330px-16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG/440px-16May-21May_Battle_of_Belgium.PNG 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Situation on 21 May 1940; German forces occupy the area shaded in pink</figcaption></figure> During the 1930s, the French had constructed the <a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a>, a series of fortifications along their border with Germany. This line had been designed to deter a German invasion across the Franco-German border and funnel an attack into Belgium, which could then be met by the best divisions of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>. Thus, any future war would take place outside of French territory, avoiding a repeat of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200333-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth20106-14">[14]</a> The area immediately to the north of the Maginot Line was covered by the heavily wooded <a href="/wiki/Ardennes" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a> region,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmannKaufmann200723-15">[15]</a> which French General <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a> declared to be "impenetrable" as long as "special provisions" were taken. He believed that any enemy force emerging from the forest would be vulnerable to a <a href="/wiki/Pincer_movement" title="Pincer movement">pincer attack</a> and destroyed. The French commander-in-chief, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gamelin" title="Maurice Gamelin">Maurice Gamelin</a>, also believed the area to be of a limited threat, noting that it "never favoured large operations".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200332-16">[16]</a> With this in mind, the area was left lightly defended.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200333-13">[13]</a> The initial plan for the German <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">invasion of France</a> called for an encirclement attack through the Netherlands and Belgium, avoiding the Maginot Line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010140-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Manstein" title="Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a>, then Chief of Staff of the German <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_A" title="Army Group A">Army Group A</a>, prepared the outline of a different plan and submitted it to the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres" title="Oberkommando des Heeres">Oberkommando des Heeres</a> (OKH; German High Command) via his superior, <a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt" title="Gerd von Rundstedt">Gerd von Rundstedt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay201098–102-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForczyk201011–14-19">[19]</a> Manstein's plan suggested that panzer divisions should attack through the Ardennes, then establish <a href="/wiki/Bridgehead" title="Bridgehead">bridgeheads</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Meuse_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse River">Meuse River</a> and rapidly drive to the English Channel. The Germans would thus cut off the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied armies</a> in Belgium. This part of the plan later became known as the Sichelschnitt ("sickle cut").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForczyk201011–14-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010145-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> approved a modified version of Manstein's ideas, today known as the <a href="/wiki/Manstein_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Manstein Plan">Manstein Plan</a>, after meeting with him on 17 February.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010132-21">[21]</a> On 10 May, Germany <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Belgium">invaded Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960713-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_B" title="Army Group B">Army Group B</a>, under Generaloberst <a href="/wiki/Fedor_von_Bock" title="Fedor von Bock">Fedor von Bock</a>, attacked into Belgium, while the three panzer corps of Army Group A under Rundstedt swung around to the south and drove for the Channel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201137-23">[23]</a> The BEF advanced from the Belgian border to positions along the <a href="/wiki/River_Dyle" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dyle">River Dyle</a> within Belgium, where they fought elements of Army Group B starting on 10 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201126-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949Map,_p._33-25">[25]</a> They were ordered to begin a fighting withdrawal to the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheldt River">Scheldt River</a> on 14 May when the Belgian and French positions on their flanks failed to hold.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin199074–75-26">[26]</a> During a visit to Paris on 17 May, Prime Minister Winston Churchill was astonished to learn from Gamelin that the French had committed all their troops to the ongoing engagements and had no strategic reserves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194947-27">[27]</a> On 19 May, Gort met with French General <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Billotte" title="Gaston Billotte">Gaston Billotte</a>, commander of the French First Army and overall coordinator of the Allied forces. Billotte revealed that the French had no troops between the Germans and the sea. Gort immediately saw that evacuation across the Channel was the best course of action, and began planning a withdrawal to Dunkirk, the closest location with good port facilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201164–65-28">[28]</a> Surrounded by marshes, Dunkirk boasted old fortifications and the longest sand beach in Europe, where large groups could assemble.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123-29">[29]</a> On 20 May, on Churchill's suggestion, the Admiralty began arranging for all available small vessels to be made ready to proceed to France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194958–59-30">[30]</a> After continued engagements and a failed Allied attempt on 21 May at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1940)" title="Battle of Arras (1940)">Arras</a> to cut through the German spearhead,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201198-31">[31]</a> the BEF was trapped, along with the remains of the Belgian forces and the three French armies, in an area along the coast of northern France and Belgium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960728-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011Map,_p._61-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg/220px-Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg/330px-Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg/440px-Gort_and_Blount_at_Arras_WWII_IWM_O_177.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_Gort" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Gort">Lord Gort</a> (gesturing, at centre) was commander of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a>. </figcaption></figure> Without informing the French, the British began planning on 20 May for Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of the BEF.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194958–59-30">[30]</a> This planning was headed by <a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Ramsay" title="Bertram Ramsay">Bertram Ramsay</a> at the naval headquarters below <a href="/wiki/Dover_Castle" title="Dover Castle">Dover Castle</a>, from which he briefed Churchill as it was under way.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord198343–44-34">[34]</a> Ships began gathering at Dover for the evacuation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949100-35">[35]</a> On 20 May, the BEF sent Brigadier Gerald Whitfield to Dunkirk to start evacuating unnecessary personnel. Overwhelmed by what he later described as "a somewhat alarming movement towards Dunkirk by both officers and men", due to a shortage of food and water, he had to send many along without thoroughly checking their credentials. Even officers ordered to stay behind to aid the evacuation disappeared onto the boats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990124-36">[36]</a> On 22 May, Churchill ordered the BEF to attack southward in coordination with the French First Army under General <a href="/wiki/Georges_Maurice_Jean_Blanchard" title="Georges Maurice Jean Blanchard">Georges Blanchard</a> to reconnect with the remainder of the French forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194965-37">[37]</a> This proposed action was dubbed the Weygand Plan after General <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Weygand" title="Maxime Weygand">Maxime Weygand</a>, appointed Supreme Commander after Gamelin's dismissal on 18 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194957-38">[38]</a> On 25 May, Gort had to abandon any hope of achieving this objective and withdrew on his own initiative, along with Blanchard's forces, behind the Lys Canal, part of a canal system that reached the sea at <a href="/wiki/Gravelines" title="Gravelines">Gravelines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194984-39">[39]</a> Sluice gates had already been opened all along the canal to flood the system and create a barrier (the Canal Line) against the German advance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194978–79-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Dunkirk">Battle of Dunkirk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Dunkirk">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk" title="Battle of Dunkirk">Battle of Dunkirk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirksoldier1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Dunkirksoldier1.JPG/220px-Dunkirksoldier1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Dunkirksoldier1.JPG/330px-Dunkirksoldier1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Dunkirksoldier1.JPG/440px-Dunkirksoldier1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers were <a href="/wiki/Strafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Strafe">strafed</a> and bombed by German aircraft while awaiting transport.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960Footnote,_p._736-41">[41]</a></figcaption></figure> By 24 May, the Germans had captured the port of <a href="/wiki/Boulogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulogne">Boulogne</a> and surrounded <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960728-32">[32]</a> The engineers of the 2nd Panzer Division under <a href="/wiki/Generalmajor" title="Generalmajor">Generalmajor</a> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Veiel" title="Rudolf Veiel">Rudolf Veiel</a> built five bridges over the Canal Line and only one British battalion barred the way to Dunkirk.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay2010152-42">[42]</a> On 23 May, at the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="4th Army (Wehrmacht)">Fourth Army</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">Generalfeldmarschall</a> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Kluge" title="Günther von Kluge">Günther von Kluge</a>, Rundstedt had ordered the panzer units to halt, concerned about the vulnerability of his flanks and the question of supply to his forward troops.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoakesPridham1988167-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmy_Group_A_War_Diary-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOKW_Jodl_Diary-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord198328–35-46">[46]</a> He was also concerned that the marshy ground around Dunkirk would prove unsuitable for tanks and he wished to conserve them for later operations (in some units, tank losses were 30–50 per cent).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1978230–31-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990120-48">[48]</a> Hitler was also apprehensive, and on a visit to Army Group A headquarters on 24 May, he endorsed the order.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1978230–31-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord198328–35-46">[46]</a> Air Marshal <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> urged Hitler to let the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> (aided by Army Group B<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay2010150-49">[49]</a>) finish off the British, to the consternation of General <a href="/wiki/Franz_Halder" title="Franz Halder">Franz Halder</a>, who noted in his diary that the Luftwaffe was dependent upon the weather and aircrews were worn out after two weeks of battle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoakesPridham1988167–68-50">[50]</a> Rundstedt issued another order, which was sent uncoded. It was picked up by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) <a href="/wiki/Y_service" title="Y service">Y service</a> intelligence network at 12:42: "By order of the Fuhrer ... attack north-west of Arras is to be limited to the general line Lens–Bethune–Aire–St Omer–Gravelines. The Canal will not be crossed."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECostello1991175-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinsley199431-52">[52]</a> Later that day, Hitler issued Directive 13, which called for the Luftwaffe to defeat the trapped Allied forces and stop their escape.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1978232-53">[53]</a> At 15:30 on 26 May, Hitler ordered the panzer groups to continue their advance, but most units took another 16 hours to attack.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1978235-54">[54]</a> Some accounts quote Hitler as saying he deliberately allowed the British to escape.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKilzer200063-55">[55]</a> The delay gave the Allies time to prepare defences vital for the evacuation and prevented the Germans from stopping the Allied retreat from Lille.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoakesPridham1988168-56">[56]</a> The halt order has been the subject of much discussion by historians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194976-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay2010149-58">[58]</a> Guderian considered the failure to order a timely assault on Dunkirk to be one of the major German mistakes on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuderian2001Footnote,_p._117-59">[59]</a> Rundstedt called it "one of the great turning points of the war",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960731-60">[60]</a> and Manstein described it as "one of Hitler's most critical mistakes".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay2010153-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">B. H. Liddell Hart</a> interviewed many of the generals after the war and put together a picture of Hitler's strategic thinking on the matter. Hitler believed that once Britain's troops left continental Europe, they would never return.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart1948-62">[62]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evacuation">Evacuation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evacuation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="26–27_May">26–27 May</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 26–27 May">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg/220px-Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg/330px-Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg/440px-Dunkirk_and_the_Retreat_From_France_1940_HU104600.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="597" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">British troops during the evacuation from France</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover,_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg/220px-Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg/330px-Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg/440px-Wounded_British_soldiers_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_make_their_way_up_the_gangplank_from_a_destroyer_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="1772" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Troops evacuated from Dunkirk arrive at Dover, 31 May 1940</div></div></div></div></div> The retreat was undertaken amid chaotic conditions, with abandoned vehicles blocking the roads and a flood of refugees heading in the opposite direction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990145-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201159,_75-64">[64]</a> Due to wartime censorship and the desire to keep up British morale, the full extent of the unfolding disaster at Dunkirk was not initially publicised. A special service attended by <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> on 26 May, which was declared a national day of prayer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller199783-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990122-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> led prayers "for our soldiers in dire peril in France". Similar prayers were offered in synagogues and churches throughout the UK that day, confirming to the public their suspicion of the desperate plight of the troops.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb199082-67">[67]</a> Just before 19:00 on 26 May, Churchill ordered Dynamo to begin, by which time 28,000 men had already departed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123-29">[29]</a> Initial plans called for the recovery of 45,000 men from the BEF within two days, at which time German troops were expected to block further evacuation. Only 25,000 men escaped during this period, including 7,669 on the first day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart199978-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a> On 27 May, the first full day of the evacuation, one <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>, and 26 other craft were active.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949106-70">[70]</a> Admiralty officers combed nearby boatyards for small craft that could ferry personnel from the beaches out to larger craft in the harbour, as well as larger vessels that could load from the docks. An emergency call was put out for additional help, and by 31 May nearly four hundred small craft were voluntarily and enthusiastically taking part in the effort.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949100–01-71">[71]</a> The same day, the Luftwaffe heavily bombed Dunkirk, both the town and the dock installations. As the water supply was knocked out, the resulting fires could not be extinguished.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990149-72">[72]</a> An estimated one thousand civilians were killed, one-third of the remaining population of the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990150-73">[73]</a> RAF squadrons were ordered to provide <a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">air supremacy</a> for the Royal Navy during evacuation. Their efforts shifted to covering Dunkirk and the English Channel, protecting the evacuation fleet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson195362-74">[74]</a> The Luftwaffe was met by 16 squadrons of the RAF, who claimed 38 kills on 27 May while losing 14 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990149-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011228-75">[75]</a> Many more RAF fighters sustained damage and were subsequently written off. On the German side, <a href="/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_2" title="Kampfgeschwader 2">Kampfgeschwader 2</a> (KG 2) and <a href="/wiki/KG_3" class="mw-redirect" title="KG 3">KG 3</a> suffered the heaviest casualties. German losses amounted to 23 <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_17" title="Dornier Do 17">Dornier Do 17s</a>. <a href="/wiki/KG_1" class="mw-redirect" title="KG 1">KG 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/KG_4" class="mw-redirect" title="KG 4">KG 4</a> bombed the beach and harbour and <a href="/wiki/KG_54" class="mw-redirect" title="KG 54">KG 54</a> sank the 8,000-ton steamer Aden. <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Junkers Ju 87</a> Stuka dive bombers sank the troopship Cote d' Azur. The Luftwaffe engaged with 300 bombers which were protected by 550 fighter sorties and attacked Dunkirk in twelve raids. They dropped 15,000 <a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">high explosive</a> and 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">incendiary bombs</a>, destroying the oil tanks and wrecking the harbour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1974116–117-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/No._11_Group_RAF" title="No. 11 Group RAF">No. 11 Group RAF</a> flew 22 patrols with 287 aircraft this day, in formations of up to 20 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1974117-77">[77]</a> Altogether, over 3,500 sorties were flown in support of Operation Dynamo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011228-75">[75]</a> The RAF continued to inflict a heavy toll on the German bombers throughout the week. Soldiers being bombed and <a href="/wiki/Strafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Strafe">strafed</a> while awaiting transport were for the most part unaware of the efforts of the RAF to protect them, as most of the dogfights took place far from the beaches. As a result, many British soldiers bitterly accused the airmen of doing nothing to help, reportedly leading to some army troops accosting and insulting RAF personnel once they returned to England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960Footnote,_p._736-41">[41]</a> On 25 and 26 May, the Luftwaffe focused their attention on Allied pockets holding out at Calais, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a>, and did not attack Dunkirk.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990150-73">[73]</a> Calais, held by the BEF, surrendered on 26 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990119-78">[78]</a> Remnants of the French First Army, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lille_(1940)" title="Siege of Lille (1940)">surrounded at Lille</a>, fought off seven German divisions, several of them armoured, until 31 May, when the remaining 35,000 soldiers were forced to surrender after running out of food and ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194997-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990144-80">[80]</a> The Germans accorded the <a href="/wiki/Honours_of_war" title="Honours of war">honours of war</a> to the defenders of Lille in recognition of their bravery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermer2013208-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="28_May_–_4_June">28 May – 4 June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 28 May – 4 June">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg/220px-21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg/330px-21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg/440px-21May-4June1940-Fall_Gelb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Situation on 4 June 1940; the remaining French rearguard held a sliver of land around Dunkirk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg/220px-East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg/330px-East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg/440px-East_Mole_Dunkirk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>East mole (2009)</figcaption></figure> The Belgian Army surrendered on 28 May,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960729-82">[82]</a> leaving a large gap to the east of Dunkirk. Several British divisions were rushed in to cover that side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194996-83">[83]</a> The Luftwaffe flew fewer sorties over Dunkirk on 28 May, switching their attention to the Belgian ports of <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium" title="Nieuwpoort, Belgium">Nieuwpoort</a>. The weather over Dunkirk was not conducive to dive or low-level bombing. The RAF flew 11 patrols and 321 sorties, claiming 23 destroyed for the loss of 13 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1974117-77">[77]</a> On 28 May, 17,804 soldiers arrived at British ports.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a> On 29 May, 47,310 British troops were rescued<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a> as the Luftwaffe's Ju 87s exacted a heavy toll on shipping. The British destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Grenade_(H86)" title="HMS Grenade (H86)">HMS Grenade</a> was sunk and the French destroyer <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Mistral" title="French destroyer Mistral">Mistral</a> was crippled, while her sister ships, each laden with 500 men, were damaged by near misses. British destroyers <a href="/wiki/HMS_Jaguar_(F34)" title="HMS Jaguar (F34)">Jaguar</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Verity_(D63)" title="HMS Verity (D63)">Verity</a> were badly damaged but escaped the harbour. Two trawlers disintegrated in the attack. Later, the passenger steamer <a href="/wiki/SS_Fenella_(1936)" title="SS Fenella (1936)">SS Fenella</a> sank with 600 men aboard at the pier but the men were able to get off. The paddle steamer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Crested_Eagle" title="HMS Crested Eagle">HMS Crested Eagle</a> suffered a direct hit, caught fire, and sank with severe casualties. The raiders also destroyed the two rail-owned ships, the <a href="/wiki/SS_Lorina_(1918)" title="SS Lorina (1918)">SS Lorina</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SS_Normannia_(1911)" title="SS Normannia (1911)">SS Normannia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2011138-84">[84]</a> Of the five major German attacks, just two were contested by RAF fighters; the British lost 16 fighters in nine patrols. German losses amounted to 11 Ju 87s destroyed or damaged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1974118-85">[85]</a> On 30 May, Churchill received word that all British divisions were now behind the defensive lines, along with more than half of the French First Army.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194997-79">[79]</a> By this time, the perimeter ran along a series of canals about 7 miles (11 km) from the coast, in marshy country not suitable for tanks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011226-86">[86]</a> With the docks in the harbour rendered unusable by German air attacks, senior naval officer Captain (later Admiral) <a href="/wiki/William_Tennant_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Tennant (Royal Navy officer)">William Tennant</a> initially ordered men to be evacuated from the beaches. When this proved too slow, he re-routed the evacuees to two long stone and concrete breakwaters, called the east and west <a href="/wiki/Mole_(architecture)" title="Mole (architecture)">moles</a>, as well as the beaches. The moles were not designed to dock ships, but despite this, the majority of troops rescued from Dunkirk were taken off this way.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201184,_94-87">[87]</a> Almost 200,000 troops embarked on ships from the east mole (which stretched nearly a mile out to sea) over the next week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990150–51-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201188,_97-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Campbell_Clouston" title="James Campbell Clouston">James Campbell Clouston</a>, pier master on the east mole, organised and regulated the flow of men along the mole into the waiting ships.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELord1983243-90">[90]</a> Once more, low clouds kept Luftwaffe activity to a minimum. Nine RAF patrols were mounted, with no German formation encountered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1974119-91">[91]</a> The following day, the Luftwaffe sank one transport and damaged 12 others for 17 losses; the British claimed 38 kills, which is disputed. The RAF and <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> lost 28 aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1974119-91">[91]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk,_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg/220px-The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg/330px-The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg/440px-The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>British troops evacuated from Dunkirk on 31 May 1940</figcaption></figure> The next day, an additional 53,823 men were embarked,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115-9">[9]</a> including the first French soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurrayMillett200080-92">[92]</a> Lord Gort and 68,014 men were evacuated on 31 May,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan198981-93">[93]</a> leaving Major-General <a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Alexander">Harold Alexander</a> in command of the rearguard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949109-94">[94]</a> A further 64,429 Allied soldiers departed on 1 June,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a> before the increasing air attacks prevented further daylight evacuation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart199979-95">[95]</a> The British rearguard of 4,000 men left on the night of 2–3 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960737-96">[96]</a> An additional 75,000 French troops were retrieved over the nights of 2–4 June,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart199980-97">[97]</a> before the operation finally ended. The remainder of the rearguard, 40,000 French troops, surrendered on 4 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960737-96">[96]</a> Of the total 338,226 soldiers, several hundred were unarmed Indian <a href="/wiki/Arriero" title="Arriero">mule handlers</a> on detachment from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Army_Service_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Indian Army Service Corps">Royal Indian Army Service Corps</a>, forming four of the six units of Force K-6 transport. Cypriot muleteers were also present. Three units were successfully evacuated and one captured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_1940.org-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajwa2013-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGojkovic2017-100">[100]</a> Also present at Dunkirk were a small number of French Senegalese soldiers and Moroccans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShephard2003169-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson201032-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navy">Navy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Navy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evacuation_routes">Evacuation routes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Evacuation routes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png/310px-Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png/465px-Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png/620px-Dunkirk_Evacuation_shipping_routes.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Map of the three evacuation routes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg/310px-Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg/465px-Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg/620px-Dunkirk_26-29_May_1940_H1631.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Evacuated troops enjoying tea and other refreshments before boarding a train at Dover Station, 26–29 May 1940</figcaption></figure> Three routes were allocated to the evacuating vessels. The shortest was Route Z, a distance of 39 nautical miles (72 km), but it entailed hugging the French coast and thus ships using it were subject to bombardment from on-shore batteries, particularly in daylight hours.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011Map,_p._223-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990166-103">[103]</a> Route X, although the safest from shore batteries, travelled through a particularly heavily mined portion of the Channel. Ships on this route travelled 55 nautical miles (102 km) north out of Dunkirk, proceeded through the Ruytingen Pass,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardner194920-104">[104]</a> and headed towards the North Goodwin Lightship before heading south around the <a href="/wiki/Goodwin_Sands" title="Goodwin Sands">Goodwin Sands</a> to Dover.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011Map,_p._223-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990166-103">[103]</a> The route was safest from surface attacks, but the nearby minefields and sandbanks meant it could not be used at night.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011224-105">[105]</a> The longest of the three was Route Y, a distance of 87 nautical miles (161 km); using this route increased the sailing time to four hours, double the time required for Route Z. This route followed the French coast as far as <a href="/wiki/Bray-Dunes" title="Bray-Dunes">Bray-Dunes</a>, then turned north-east until reaching the Kwinte Buoy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDildy201050-106">[106]</a> Here, after making an approximately 135-degree turn, the ships sailed west to the North Goodwin Lightship and headed south around the Goodwin Sands to Dover.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011Map,_p._223-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990166-103">[103]</a> Ships on Route Y were the most likely to be attacked by German surface vessels, submarines, and the Luftwaffe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011222-107">[107]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">You knew this was the chance to get home and you kept praying, please God, let us go, get us out, get us out of this mess back to England. To see that ship that came in to pick me and my brother up, it was a most fantastic sight. We saw dog fights up in the air, hoping nothing would happen to us and we saw one or two terrible sights. Then somebody said, there's Dover, that was when we saw the <a href="/wiki/White_Cliffs_of_Dover" title="White Cliffs of Dover">White Cliffs</a>, the atmosphere was terrific. From hell to heaven was how the feeling was, you felt like a miracle had happened.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Harry Garrett, British Army, speaking to <a href="/wiki/KM_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="KM Group">Kent Online</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChessum2014-108">[108]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships">Ships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ships">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_at_Dunkirk" title="List of ships at Dunkirk">List of ships at Dunkirk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover,_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg/220px-Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg/330px-Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg/440px-Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2368" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Troops evacuated from Dunkirk on a destroyer about to berth at Dover, 31 May 1940</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> provided the anti-aircraft cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Calcutta_(D82)" title="HMS Calcutta (D82)">HMS Calcutta</a>, 39 destroyers, and many other craft. The <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy_(United_Kingdom)" title="Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)">Merchant Navy</a> supplied passenger ferries, hospital ships, and other vessels. Britain's Belgian, Dutch, Canadian,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017-3">[3]</a> Polish,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEORP_''Błyskawica''_Society-109">[109]</a> and French allies provided vessels as well. Admiral Ramsay arranged for around a thousand copies to be made of the required charts, had buoys laid around the Goodwin Sands and down to Dunkirk, and organised the flow of shipping.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011224-105">[105]</a> Larger ships such as destroyers were able to carry about 900 men per trip. The soldiers mostly travelled on the upper decks for fear of being trapped below if the ship sank.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011229-110">[110]</a> After the loss on 29 May of 19 British and <a href="/wiki/French_navy" class="mw-redirect" title="French navy">French navy</a> ships plus three of the larger requisitioned vessels, the Admiralty withdrew their eight best destroyers for the future defence of the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990174-111">[111]</a> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>British ships<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949102-112">[112]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Type of vessel </th> <th scope="col">Total engaged </th> <th scope="col">Sunk </th> <th scope="col">Damaged </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">Cruisers</a> </th> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a> </th> <td>39 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboats</a> </th> <td>9 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">Minesweepers</a> </th> <td>36 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_trawler" title="Fishing trawler">Trawlers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drifter_(fishing_boat)" title="Drifter (fishing boat)">drifters</a> </th> <td>113 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Special service vessels </th> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_boarding_vessel" title="Ocean boarding vessel">Ocean boarding vessels</a> </th> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boats</a> and anti-submarine boats </th> <td>13 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Former Dutch <a href="/wiki/Schuyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Schuyt">schuyts</a> with naval crews </th> <td>40 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">Yachts</a> with naval crews </th> <td>26 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Personnel ships </th> <td>45 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hospital carriers </th> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Naval motor boats </th> <td>12 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Tugboats</a> </th> <td>34 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Other small craft<a href="#cite_note-113">[note 1]</a> </th> <td>311 </td> <td>170 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total British ships </th> <td>693 </td> <td>226 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Does not include ships' lifeboats and some unrecorded small privately owned craft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949102-112">[112]</a> </li> </ol></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Allied ships<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949102-112">[112]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Type of vessel </th> <th scope="col">Total engaged </th> <th scope="col">Sunk </th> <th scope="col">Damaged </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Warships (all types) </th> <td>49 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Other vessels </th> <td>119 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total Allied ships </th> <td>168 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Grand total </th> <td>861 </td> <td>243 </td> <td>Unknown </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Little_ships">Little ships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Little ships">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Little_Ships_of_Dunkirk" title="Little Ships of Dunkirk">Little Ships of Dunkirk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution">Royal National Lifeboat Institution</a></div> A wide variety of small vessels from all over the south of England were pressed into service to aid in the Dunkirk evacuation. They included speedboats, <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> vessels, car ferries, <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasure craft">pleasure craft</a>, and many other types of small craft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011234-114">[113]</a> The most useful proved to be the motor <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboats</a>, which had a reasonably good capacity and speed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011234-114">[113]</a> Some boats were requisitioned without the owner's knowledge or consent. Agents of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Shipping" title="Minister of Shipping">Ministry of Shipping</a>, accompanied by a naval officer, scoured the Thames for likely vessels, had them checked for seaworthiness, and took them downriver to <a href="/wiki/Sheerness" title="Sheerness">Sheerness</a>, where naval crews were to be placed aboard. Due to shortages of personnel, many small craft crossed the Channel with civilian crews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990198-115">[114]</a> The first of the "little ships" arrived at Dunkirk on 28 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011229-110">[110]</a> The wide sand beaches meant that large vessels could not get anywhere near the shore, and even small craft had to stop about 100 yards (91 m) from the waterline and wait for the soldiers to wade out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011225-116">[115]</a> In many cases, personnel would abandon their boat upon reaching a larger ship, and subsequent evacuees had to wait for boats to drift ashore with the tide before they could make use of them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990199-117">[116]</a> In most areas on the beaches, soldiers queued up with their units and patiently awaited their turn to leave. But at times, panicky soldiers had to be warned off at gunpoint when they attempted to rush to the boats out of turn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990167–68-118">[117]</a> In addition to ferrying out on boats, soldiers at <a href="/wiki/De_Panne" title="De Panne">De Panne</a> and Bray-Dunes constructed improvised jetties by driving rows of abandoned vehicles onto the beach at low tide, anchoring them with sandbags, and connecting them with wooden walkways.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990214–15-119">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders floatright" align="right" style="text-align: right;"> <caption>Troops landed from Dunkirk 27 May – 4 June 1940<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Beaches </th> <th scope="col">Harbour </th> <th scope="col">Total </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">27 May </th> <td>— </td> <td>7,669 </td> <td>7,669 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">28 May </th> <td>5,930 </td> <td>11,874 </td> <td>17,804 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">29 May </th> <td>13,752 </td> <td>33,558 </td> <td>47,310 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">30 May </th> <td>29,512 </td> <td>24,311 </td> <td>53,823 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">31 May </th> <td>22,942 </td> <td>45,072 </td> <td>68,014 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 June </th> <td>17,348 </td> <td>47,081 </td> <td>64,429 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 June </th> <td>6,695 </td> <td>19,561 </td> <td>26,256 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 June </th> <td>1,870 </td> <td>24,876 </td> <td>26,746 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 June </th> <td>622 </td> <td>25,553 </td> <td>26,175 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Totals </th> <td>98,671 </td> <td>239,555 </td> <td>338,226 </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abbeville" title="Battle of Abbeville">Battle of Abbeville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cycle" title="Operation Cycle">Operation Cycle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aerial" title="Operation Aerial">Operation Aerial</a></div> Before the operation was completed, the prognosis had been gloomy, with Churchill warning the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> on 28 May to expect "hard and heavy tidings".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194999-120">[119]</a> Subsequently, Churchill referred to the outcome as a miracle, and the British press presented the evacuation as a "disaster turned to triumph" so successfully that Churchill had to remind the country in a speech to the House of Commons on 4 June that "we must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Roberts (historian)">Andrew Roberts</a> comments that the confusion over the Dunkirk evacuation is illustrated by two of the best books on it being called Strange Defeat and Strange Victory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts200937-121">[120]</a> The <a href="/wiki/51st_(Highland)_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="51st (Highland) Infantry Division">51st (Highland) Infantry Division</a> was cut off south of the Somme, by the German "race to the sea", in addition to the 1st Armoured Division and a host of logistical and labour troops. Some of the latter had been formed into the improvised <a href="/wiki/Beauman_Division" title="Beauman Division">Beauman Division</a>. At the end of May, further elements of two divisions began deploying to France with the hope of establishing a Second BEF. The majority of the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division was forced to surrender on 12 June. However, almost 192,000 Allied personnel, including 144,000 British, were evacuated through various French ports from 15 to 25 June under the codename <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aerial" title="Operation Aerial">Operation Aerial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004296–305-122">[121]</a> Remaining British forces under the French Tenth Army as <a href="/wiki/Norman_Force" title="Norman Force">Norman Force</a> retreated towards Cherbourg.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004300–302-123">[122]</a> The Germans <a href="/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_II" title="Paris in World War II">marched into Paris</a> on 14 June and France surrendered eight days later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990232–34-124">[123]</a> The more than 100,000 French troops evacuated from Dunkirk were quickly and efficiently shuttled to camps in various parts of south-western England, where they were temporarily lodged before being repatriated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELooseley2005-125">[124]</a> British ships ferried French troops to <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg-Octeville" title="Cherbourg-Octeville">Cherbourg</a>, and other ports in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, although only about half of the repatriated troops were redeployed against the Germans before the surrender of France. For many French soldiers, the Dunkirk evacuation represented only a few weeks' delay before being killed or captured by the German army after their return to France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMordal1968496-126">[125]</a> Of the French soldiers evacuated from France in June 1940, about 3,000 joined <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Free_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French">Free French</a> army in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENadeauBarlow200389-127">[126]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London,_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London%2C_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg/220px-Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London%2C_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London%2C_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg/330px-Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London%2C_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London%2C_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg/440px-Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_enjoying_tea_and_other_refreshments_at_Addison_Road_station_in_London%2C_31_May_1940._H1632.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Troops evacuated from Dunkirk in London, 31 May 1940</figcaption></figure> In France, the unilateral British decision to evacuate through Dunkirk rather than counter-attack to the south, and the perceived preference of the Royal Navy for evacuating British forces at the expense of the French, led to some bitter resentment. According to Churchill, French Admiral <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">François Darlan</a> originally ordered that the British forces should receive preference, but on 31 May, he intervened at a meeting in Paris to order that the evacuation should proceed on equal terms and that the British would form the rearguard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949111-128">[127]</a> In fact, the 35,000 men who finally surrendered after covering the final evacuations were mostly French soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Light_Mechanized_Division_(France)" title="2nd Light Mechanized Division (France)">2nd Light Mechanized</a> and the <a href="/wiki/68th_Infantry_Division_(France)" title="68th Infantry Division (France)">68th Infantry</a> Divisions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990219-129">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2008115-130">[129]</a> Their resistance allowed the evacuation effort to be extended to 4 June, on which date another 26,175 Frenchmen were transported to England.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011306-69">[69]</a> The evacuation was presented to the German public as an overwhelming and decisive German victory. On 5 June 1940, Hitler stated, "Dunkirk has fallen! 40,000 French and English troops are all that remains of the formerly great armies. Immeasurable quantities of materiel have been captured. The greatest battle in the history of the world has come to an end."<a href="#cite_note-131">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitler1940-132">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a> (the German armed forces high command) announced the event as "the greatest annihilation battle of all time".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOKW1940-133">[131]</a> Within Britain, there was a sharp ideological division about the portrayal of the Dunkirk evacuation. Left-wing and liberal accounts at the time such as by the writer <a href="/wiki/J._B._Priestley" title="J. B. Priestley">J. B. Priestley</a> and the journalist Hilda Marchant tended to focus exclusively upon Dunkirk, which was portrayed as the beginning of the "people's war", where ordinary people rallied to save the BEF.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-134">[132]</a> By contrast, Conservative accounts at the time portrayed Dunkirk as a merely one part of a wider "battle of the ports" which also included the battle of Boulogne and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1940)" title="Siege of Calais (1940)">siege of Calais</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65-135">[133]</a> Conservative accounts of the "battle of the ports" tended to focus on the professionalism and the bravery of the British military, especially the British Army, in desperate conditions, which were portrayed as symbols of British martial prowess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65-135">[133]</a> Conservative newspapers and journals in early 1940 tended to give more coverage to the battle of Calais, where Brigadier <a href="/wiki/Claude_Nicholson_(British_Army_officer)" title="Claude Nicholson (British Army officer)">Claude Nicholson</a> chose to fight on despite being informed that escape was impossible from Calais, rather than the Durkirk evacuation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202465-136">[134]</a> The triumph of the "people's war" interpretation, which completely obliviated the rival "battle of the ports" interpretation in the popular memory of 1940, was largely due to cinema, as filmmakers chose to focus on the evacuation at Dunkirk and ignored the other battles along the French coast.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65-135">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Casualties">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg/220px-Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg/330px-Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg/440px-Dunkirk_1940_HU2280.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Bourrasque" title="French destroyer Bourrasque">Bourrasque</a> slowly sinking</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg/220px-Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg/330px-Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg/440px-Dunkirk_1940_HU1145.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Steam_Packet_Company" title="Isle of Man Steam Packet Company">Isle of Man Steam Packet Company</a> vessel <a href="/wiki/SS_Mona%27s_Queen_(1934)" title="SS Mona's Queen (1934)">Mona's Queen</a> shortly after striking a mine on the approach to Dunkirk, 29 May 1940</figcaption></figure> During the entire campaign, from 10 May until the <a href="/wiki/Second_Armistice_at_Compi%C3%A8gne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Armistice at Compiègne">armistice with France</a> on 22 June, the BEF suffered 68,000 casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay2010151-137">[135]</a> This included 3,500 killed and 13,053 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench2002156-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlaxland1973346-139">[137]</a> Most heavy equipment had to be abandoned during the various evacuations, resulting in the loss of 2,472 pieces of artillery, 20,000 motorcycles, nearly 65,000 other vehicles, 416,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (423,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>) of stores, more than 75,000 long tons (76,000 t) of ammunition, and 162,000 long tons (165,000 t) of fuel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden200911-140">[138]</a> Almost all of the 445 British tanks despatched to France were abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011300-141">[139]</a> Six British and three French destroyers were sunk, along with nine other major vessels. In addition, 19 destroyers were damaged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurrayMillett200081-142">[140]</a> Over 200 British and Allied sea craft were sunk, with a similar number damaged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2001267-143">[141]</a> The Royal Navy's most significant losses in the operation were six destroyers: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Grafton_(H89)" title="HMS Grafton (H89)">Grafton</a>, sunk by <a href="/wiki/Naval_gunfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval gunfire">naval gunfire</a> from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ivanhoe_(D16)" title="HMS Ivanhoe (D16)">HMS Ivanhoe (D16)</a> on 29 May<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglish199395-144">[142]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Grenade_(H86)" title="HMS Grenade (H86)">Grenade</a>, sunk by air attack at Dunkirk on 29 May<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglish199399-145">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Wakeful_(H88)" title="HMS Wakeful (H88)">Wakeful</a>, sunk by a <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> from the <a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boat</a> S-30 on 29 May<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990170–71-146">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Basilisk_(H11)" title="HMS Basilisk (H11)">Basilisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Havant_(H32)" title="HMS Havant (H32)">Havant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Keith" title="HMS Keith">Keith</a>, sunk by air attack off the beaches on 1 June<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990204–05-147">[145]</a></li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> lost three destroyers: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Bourrasque" title="French destroyer Bourrasque">Bourrasque</a>, mined off <a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium" title="Nieuwpoort, Belgium">Nieuport</a> on 30 May</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Siroco_(1925)" title="French destroyer Siroco (1925)">Siroco</a>, sunk by the <a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boats</a> S-23 and S-26 on 31 May</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Foudroyant_(1929)" title="French destroyer Foudroyant (1929)">Le Foudroyant</a>, sunk by air attack off the beaches on 1 June</li></ul> The RAF lost 145 aircraft, of which at least 42 were <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfires</a>, while the Luftwaffe lost 156 aircraft in operations during the nine days of Operation Dynamo,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990206-148">[146]</a> including 35 destroyed by Royal Navy ships (plus 21 damaged) during the six days from 27 May to 1 June.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamsey1947Appendix_III-149">[147]</a> For every seven soldiers who escaped through Dunkirk, one man became a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoner of war</a>. The majority of these prisoners were sent on forced marches into Germany. Prisoners reported brutal treatment by their guards, including beatings, starvation, and murder. Another complaint was that German guards kicked over buckets of water that had been left at the roadside by French civilians, for the marching prisoners to drink.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2009361-150">[148]</a> Many of the prisoners were marched to the city of <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, with the march taking as long as 20 days. Others were marched to the river <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Scheldt</a> and were sent by barge to the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a>. The prisoners were then sent by rail to prisoner of war camps in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2009383–404-151">[149]</a> The majority (those below the rank of corporal) then worked in German industry and agriculture for the remainder of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2005260-152">[150]</a> Those of the BEF who died in the fighting of 1940, or as a prisoner of war following capture during this campaign, and have no known grave are commemorated on the <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_Memorial" title="Dunkirk Memorial">Dunkirk Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_Memorial-153">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dunkirk_Jack">Dunkirk Jack</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dunkirk Jack">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkirk_Jack.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dunkirk_Jack.svg/170px-Dunkirk_Jack.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dunkirk_Jack.svg/255px-Dunkirk_Jack.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dunkirk_Jack.svg/340px-Dunkirk_Jack.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Dunkirk Jack</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Cross">St George's Cross</a> <a href="/wiki/Defacement_(flag)" title="Defacement (flag)">defaced</a> with the arms of Dunkirk is the warranted <a href="/wiki/House_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="House flag">house flag</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Ships_of_Dunkirk" title="Little Ships of Dunkirk">Association of Dunkirk Little Ships</a>. It is known as the Dunkirk <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag#Jacks" title="Maritime flag">Jack</a>. The flag may be flown from the <a href="/wiki/Jackstaff" title="Jackstaff">jack staff</a> only by civilian vessels that took part in the Dunkirk rescue operation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_Little_Ships_Association2010-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Portrayals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Films">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Miniver" title="Mrs. Miniver">Mrs. Miniver</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(1958_film)" title="Dunkirk (1958 film)">Dunkirk</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekend_at_Dunkirk" title="Weekend at Dunkirk">Weekend at Dunkirk</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonement_(2007_film)" title="Atonement (2007 film)">Atonement</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(2017_film)" title="Dunkirk (2017 film)">Dunkirk</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkest_Hour_(film)" title="Darkest Hour (film)">Darkest Hour</a> (2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(TV_series)" title="Dunkirk (TV series)">Dunkirk</a> (2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Goose:_A_Story_of_Dunkirk" class="mw-redirect" title="The Snow Goose: A Story of Dunkirk">The Snow Goose: A Story of Dunkirk</a>, a novella by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gallico" title="Paul Gallico">Paul Gallico</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Dunkirk_Veterans%27_Association" title="1940 Dunkirk Veterans' Association">1940 Dunkirk Veterans' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_Medal" title="Dunkirk Medal">Dunkirk Medal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Original German: "Dünkirchen ist gefallen! 40 000 Franzosen und Engländer sind als letzter Rest einstiger großer Armeen gefangen. Unübersehbares Material wurde erbeutet. Damit ist die größte Schlacht der Weltgeschichte beendet." </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman2020-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman2020_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowman2020">Bowman 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESweeting2010-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweeting2010_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESweeting2010_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSweeting2010">Sweeting 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2017_3-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcIntyre2017">McIntyre 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShephard2003169-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShephard2003169_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShephard2003169_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShephard2003">Shephard 2003</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis2004197-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis2004197_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEllis2004">Ellis 2004</a>, p. 197. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill2003212-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill2003212_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchill2003">Churchill 2003</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESafire2004146-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafire2004146_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSafire2004">Safire 2004</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949115_9-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchill1949">Churchill 1949</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20119-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson20119_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson20117-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson20117_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011305-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2011305_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, p. 305. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200333-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200333_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200333_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackson2003">Jackson 2003</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth20106-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth20106_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoth2010">Roth 2010</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufmannKaufmann200723-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufmannKaufmann200723_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaufmannKaufmann2007">Kaufmann & Kaufmann 2007</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200332-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200332_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJackson2003">Jackson 2003</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010140-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010140_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelvin2010">Melvin 2010</a>, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemay201098–102-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemay201098–102_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLemay2010">Lemay 2010</a>, pp. 98–102. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForczyk201011–14-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForczyk201011–14_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForczyk201011–14_19-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFForczyk2010">Forczyk 2010</a>, pp. 11–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010145-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010145_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelvin2010">Melvin 2010</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010132-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelvin2010132_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelvin2010">Melvin 2010</a>, p. 132. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960713-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1960713_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirer1960">Shirer 1960</a>, p. 713. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201137-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201137_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201126-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201126_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949Map,_p._33-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949Map,_p._33_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchill1949">Churchill 1949</a>, Map, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin199074–75-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkin199074–75_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAtkin1990">Atkin 1990</a>, pp. 74–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194947-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill194947_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchill1949">Churchill 1949</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201164–65-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201164–65_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, pp. 64–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990123_29-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAtkin1990">Atkin 1990</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill194958–59-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill194958–59_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill194958–59_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchill1949">Churchill 1949</a>, pp. 58–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson201198-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson201198_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960728-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1960728_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1960728_32-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirer1960">Shirer 1960</a>, p. 728. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2011Map,_p._61-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2011Map,_p._61_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson2011">Thompson 2011</a>, Map, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELord198343–44-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELord198343–44_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLord1983">Lord 1983</a>, pp. 43–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949100-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurchill1949100_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChurchill1949">Churchill 1949</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkin1990124-36"><a 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2008115-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2008115_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStewart2008">Stewart 2008</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitler1940-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitler1940_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHitler1940">Hitler 1940</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOKW1940-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOKW1940_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOKW1940">OKW 1940</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKowol202464_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKowol2024">Kowol 2024</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65_135-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKowol202464-65_135-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFKowol2024">Kowol 2024</a>, p. 64-65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKowol202465-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKowol202465_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKowol2024">Kowol 2024</a>, 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamsey1947Appendix_III-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamsey1947Appendix_III_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamsey1947">Ramsey 1947</a>, Appendix III. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2009361-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongden2009361_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongden2009">Longden 2009</a>, p. 361. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2009383–404-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongden2009383–404_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongden2009">Longden 2009</a>, pp. 383–404. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongden2005260-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongden2005260_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongden2005">Longden 2005</a>, p. 260. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_Memorial-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_Memorial_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunkirk_Memorial">Dunkirk Memorial</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_Little_Ships_Association2010-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunkirk_Little_Ships_Association2010_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunkirk_Little_Ships_Association2010">Dunkirk Little Ships Association 2010</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAtkin1990" class="citation book cs1">Atkin, Ronald (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pillaroffiredunk0000atki">Pillar of Fire: Dunkirk 1940</a>. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-283-99697-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-283-99697-8"><bdi>0-283-99697-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pillar+of+Fire%3A+Dunkirk+1940&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-283-99697-8&rft.aulast=Atkin&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpillaroffiredunk0000atki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBajwa2013" class="citation news cs1">Bajwa, Mandeep Singh (19 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/force-k6-indian-troops-in-france/story-Sqq8GVn7QELe6YFORD4tiL.html">"Force K6: Indian troops in France"</a>. 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London: William Kimber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7183-0203-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7183-0203-0"><bdi>978-0-7183-0203-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination+Dunkirk%3A+The+story+of+Gort%27s+Army&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Kimber&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-7183-0203-0&rft.aulast=Blaxland&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFORP_Błyskawica_Society" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blyskawica-cowes.org.uk/History">"Błyskawica: A Brief History of the Ship"</a>. www.blyskawica-cowes.org.uk. Friends of the ORP Błyskawica Society. 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F.</a> (2004) [1954]. <a href="/wiki/James_Ramsay_Montagu_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="James Ramsay Montagu Butler">Butler, J. R. M.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-NWE-Flanders/">The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940</a>. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84574-056-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84574-056-6"><bdi>978-1-84574-056-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+in+France+and+Flanders+1939%E2%80%931940&rft.series=History+of+the+Second+World+War+United+Kingdom+Military+Series&rft.pub=Naval+%26+Military+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84574-056-6&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Major+L.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FUK-NWE-Flanders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish1993" class="citation book cs1">English, John (1993). Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s. 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New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-154253-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-154253-4"><bdi>978-0-19-154253-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raising+Churchill%27s+Army%3A+The+British+Army+and+the+War+against+Germany+1919%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-154253-4&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1949" class="citation journal cs1">Gardner, W. J. R. (1949). "The Evacuation from Dunkirk: 'Operation Dynamo' 26 May – 4 June 1940". Whitehall Histories. Naval Staff Histories. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0757">1471-0757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Whitehall+Histories.+Naval+Staff+Histories&rft.atitle=The+Evacuation+from+Dunkirk%3A+%27Operation+Dynamo%27+26+May+%E2%80%93+4+June+1940&rft.date=1949&rft.issn=1471-0757&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=W.+J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelb1990" class="citation book cs1">Gelb, Norman (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dunkirkincredibl0000gelb">Dunkirk: The Incredible Escape</a>. London: Michael Joseph. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7181-3203-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7181-3203-3"><bdi>0-7181-3203-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunkirk%3A+The+Incredible+Escape&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-7181-3203-3&rft.aulast=Gelb&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdunkirkincredibl0000gelb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGojkovic2017" class="citation web cs1">Gojkovic, Maria (6 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200121173653/http://www.cyprusbeat.com/cypriots-forgotten-troops-dunkirk/">"Cypriots among the forgotten troops of Dunkirk"</a>. Cyprus Beat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyprusbeat.com/cypriots-forgotten-troops-dunkirk/">the original</a> on 21 January 2020. 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New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81101-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81101-2"><bdi>978-0-306-81101-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+momentous+order+to+stop&rft.btitle=Panzer+Leader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81101-2&rft.aulast=Guderian&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">Hart, B. H. Liddell</a> (1948). The German Generals Talk. New York: William Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-06012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-06012-1"><bdi>978-0-688-06012-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Generals+Talk&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1948&rft.isbn=978-0-688-06012-1&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=B.+H.+Liddell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinsley1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hinsley" title="Harry Hinsley">Hinsley, F. H.</a> (1994) [1993]. British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations. History of the Second World War (abr.) (2nd rev. ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-630961-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-630961-X"><bdi>0-11-630961-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Intelligence+in+the+Second+World+War%3A+Its+Influence+on+Strategy+and+Operations&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Second+World+War+%28abr.%29&rft.edition=2nd+rev.&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-11-630961-X&rft.aulast=Hinsley&rft.aufirst=F.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitler1940" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler, Adolf</a> (5 June 1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/dfg-viewer/?set%5Bmets%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fzefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de%2Foai%2F%3Ftx_zefysoai_pi1%255Bidentifier%255D%3D097952cb-caef-452b-9140-7dfaa0472ba7">"Tagesbefehl des Fuehrers"</a>. Teltower Kreisblatt (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teltower+Kreisblatt&rft.atitle=Tagesbefehl+des+Fuehrers&rft.date=1940-06-05&rft.aulast=Hitler&rft.aufirst=Adolf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de%2Fdfg-viewer%2F%3Fset%255Bmets%255D%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fzefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de%252Foai%252F%253Ftx_zefysoai_pi1%25255Bidentifier%25255D%253D097952cb-caef-452b-9140-7dfaa0472ba7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(military_historian)" title="Richard Holmes (military historian)">Holmes, Richard</a>, ed. (2001). "Dunkirk evacuation". The Oxford Companion to Military History. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-866209-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-866209-2"><bdi>0-19-866209-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dunkirk+evacuation&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Military+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-866209-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_T._Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian T. Jackson">Jackson, Julian</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/falloffrancenazi00jack">The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-192-80550-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-192-80550-8"><bdi>978-0-192-80550-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+France%3A+The+Nazi+Invasion+of+1940&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-192-80550-8&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffalloffrancenazi00jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1974" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Robert (1974). Air War Over France, 1939–1940. London: Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0510-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0510-9"><bdi>0-7110-0510-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+War+Over+France%2C+1939%E2%80%931940&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-7110-0510-9&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOKW_Jodl_Diary" class="citation cs2">Jodl, Alfred, OKW Diary (section 25), vol. 40</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OKW+Diary+%28section+25%29&rft.aulast=Jodl&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmannKaufmann2007" class="citation book cs1">Kaufmann, J. 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Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-811-73395-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-811-73395-3"><bdi>978-0-811-73395-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortress+France%3A+The+Maginot+Line+and+French+Defenses+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.series=Stackpole+Military+History+Series&rft.pub=Stackpole&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-811-73395-3&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+H.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secondworldwar00keeg">The Second World War</a>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-82359-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-82359-7"><bdi>0-670-82359-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-670-82359-7&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecondworldwar00keeg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKowol2024" class="citation book cs1">Kowol, Kit (2024). Blue Jerusalem British Conservatism, Winston Churchill, and the Second World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-263900-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-263900-4"><bdi>978-0-19-263900-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Jerusalem+British+Conservatism%2C+Winston+Churchill%2C+and+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0-19-263900-4&rft.aulast=Kowol&rft.aufirst=Kit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilzer2000" class="citation book cs1">Kilzer, Louis C. (2000). Hitler's Traitor: Martin Bormann and the Defeat of the Reich. Presidio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89141-710-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89141-710-1"><bdi>978-0-89141-710-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Traitor%3A+Martin+Bormann+and+the+Defeat+of+the+Reich&rft.pub=Presidio+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-89141-710-1&rft.aulast=Kilzer&rft.aufirst=Louis+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemay2010" class="citation book cs1">Lemay, Benoît (2010). Erich von Manstein: Hitler's Master Strategist. Heyward, Pierce (trans.). Havertown, PA; Newbury, Berkshire: Casemate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-26-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-26-2"><bdi>978-1-935149-26-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erich+von+Manstein%3A+Hitler%27s+Master+Strategist&rft.place=Havertown%2C+PA%3B+Newbury%2C+Berkshire&rft.pub=Casemate&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-935149-26-2&rft.aulast=Lemay&rft.aufirst=Beno%C3%AEt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddell_Hart1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">Liddell Hart, B. H.</a> (1999) [1970]. History of the Second World War. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80912-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80912-5"><bdi>0-306-80912-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-306-80912-5&rft.aulast=Liddell+Hart&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongden2009" class="citation book cs1">Longden, Sean (2009). Dunkirk: The Men They Left Behind. London: Constable and Robinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84529-977-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84529-977-4"><bdi>978-1-84529-977-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunkirk%3A+The+Men+They+Left+Behind&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable+and+Robinson&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84529-977-4&rft.aulast=Longden&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongden2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Longden" title="Sean Longden">Longden, Sean</a> (2005). Hitler's British Slaves: Allied POWs in Germany 1939–1945. Gloucestershire: Arris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84437-060-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84437-060-3"><bdi>978-1-84437-060-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+British+Slaves%3A+Allied+POWs+in+Germany+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Gloucestershire&rft.pub=Arris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84437-060-3&rft.aulast=Longden&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLooseley2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Looseley, Rhiannon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331174445/http://www.francobritishcouncil.org.uk/publications.php/51/le-paradis-apres-lenfer-the-french-soldiers-evacuated-from-dunkirk-in-1940">Le Paradis apres l'Enfer: the French Soldiers Evacuated from Dunkirk in 1940</a> (MA dissertation History). University of Reading. 102786495. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francobritishcouncil.org.uk/publications.php/51/le-paradis-apres-lenfer-the-french-soldiers-evacuated-from-dunkirk-in-1940">the original</a> (online) on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Le+Paradis+apres+l%27Enfer%3A+the+French+Soldiers+Evacuated+from+Dunkirk+in+1940&rft.inst=University+of+Reading&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Looseley&rft.aufirst=Rhiannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francobritishcouncil.org.uk%2Fpublications.php%2F51%2Fle-paradis-apres-lenfer-the-french-soldiers-evacuated-from-dunkirk-in-1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lord" title="Walter Lord">Lord, Walter</a> (1983). The Miracle of Dunkirk. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85326-685-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85326-685-X"><bdi>1-85326-685-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Miracle+of+Dunkirk&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=1-85326-685-X&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyre2017" class="citation news cs1">McIntyre, Catherine (3 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/culture/dunkirk-the-canadian-heritage-minute-that-wasnt/">"How Dunkirk's Canadian hero 'fell through the cracks' of history"</a>. Macleans. Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Macleans&rft.atitle=How+Dunkirk%27s+Canadian+hero+%27fell+through+the+cracks%27+of+history&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fculture%2Fdunkirk-the-canadian-heritage-minute-that-wasnt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelvin2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mungo_Melvin" title="Mungo Melvin">Melvin, Mungo</a> (2010). Manstein: Hitler's Greatest General. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84561-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84561-4"><bdi>978-0-297-84561-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manstein%3A+Hitler%27s+Greatest+General&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-297-84561-4&rft.aulast=Melvin&rft.aufirst=Mungo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1997" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Nathan (1997). War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511038-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511038-2"><bdi>0-19-511038-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+at+Sea%3A+A+Naval+History+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-511038-2&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMordal1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Mordal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Mordal">Mordal, Jacques</a> (1968). Dunkerque (in French). Paris: Editions France Empire. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2192012">2192012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunkerque&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+France+Empire&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2192012&rft.aulast=Mordal&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayMillett2000" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wartobewonfighti00murr_0">A War to Be Won</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-00163-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-00163-X"><bdi>0-674-00163-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+to+Be+Won&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-674-00163-X&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Williamson&rft.au=Millett%2C+Allan+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwartobewonfighti00murr_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadeauBarlow2003" class="citation book cs1">Nadeau, Jean-Benoît; Barlow, Julie (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixtymillionfren00nade_0">Sixty Million Frenchmen Can't Be Wrong: Why We Love France But Not the French</a>. Sourcebooks: Naperville, Illinois. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4022-0045-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4022-0045-8"><bdi>978-1-4022-0045-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixty+Million+Frenchmen+Can%27t+Be+Wrong%3A+Why+We+Love+France+But+Not+the+French&rft.place=Sourcebooks&rft.pub=Naperville%2C+Illinois&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4022-0045-8&rft.aulast=Nadeau&rft.aufirst=Jean-Beno%C3%AEt&rft.au=Barlow%2C+Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsixtymillionfren00nade_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoakesPridham1988" class="citation book cs1">Noakes, J.; Pridham, G., eds. (1988). Foreign Policy, War and Racial Extermination. 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(17 July 1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/LondonGazette/38017.pdf">"The Evacuation of the Allied Armies from Dunkirk and Neighbouring Beaches"</a> (PDF). London Gazette. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office: 3295–3318.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Evacuation+of+the+Allied+Armies+from+Dunkirk+and+Neighbouring+Beaches&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3295-%3C%2Fspan%3E3318&rft.date=1947-07-17&rft.aulast=Ramsey&rft.aufirst=B.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FLondonGazette%2F38017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2010" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Matthew (2010). Tigers at Dunkirk: The Leicestershire Regiment and the Fall of France. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-210-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-210-6"><bdi>978-1-84884-210-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tigers+at+Dunkirk%3A+The+Leicestershire+Regiment+and+the+Fall+of+France&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-210-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Roberts (historian)">Roberts, Andrew</a> (2009). Masters and Commanders: The Military Geniuses who Led the West to Victory in World War II. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-02926-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-02926-9"><bdi>978-0-141-02926-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+and+Commanders%3A+The+Military+Geniuses+who+Led+the+West+to+Victory+in+World+War+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-141-02926-9&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2010" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Ariel Ilan (2010). Leadership in International Relations: The Balance of Power and the Origins of World War II. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10690-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10690-1"><bdi>978-0-230-10690-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leadership+in+International+Relations%3A+The+Balance+of+Power+and+the+Origins+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-10690-1&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Ariel+Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Safire" title="William Safire">Safire, William</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lendmeyourearsgr00safi">Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speeches in History</a>. New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04005-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04005-4"><bdi>0-393-04005-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lend+Me+Your+Ears%3A+Great+Speeches+in+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-393-04005-4&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flendmeyourearsgr00safi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShephard2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shephard_(historian)" title="Ben Shephard (historian)">Shephard, Ben</a> (March 2003). A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01119-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01119-9"><bdi>978-0-674-01119-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+War+of+Nerves%3A+Soldiers+and+Psychiatrists+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003-03&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01119-9&rft.aulast=Shephard&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirer1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">Shirer, William L.</a> (1960). <a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich">The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-62420-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-62420-0"><bdi>978-0-671-62420-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-671-62420-0&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Smith" title="Peter C. Smith">Smith, Peter C</a> (2011). The Junkers Ju 87 Stuka: A Complete History. London: Crecy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85979-156-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85979-156-4"><bdi>978-0-85979-156-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Junkers+Ju+87+Stuka%3A+A+Complete+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Crecy&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-85979-156-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Dunkirk-evacuation">"World War II: Dunkirk Evacuation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=World+War+II%3A+Dunkirk+Evacuation&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FDunkirk-evacuation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunkirk_1940.org" class="citation web cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dunkirk1940.org/index.php?&p=1_412">"The Royal Indian Army Service Corps"</a>. Dunkirk 1940: The Before, The Reality, The Aftermath. Dunkirk 1940.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunkirk+1940%3A+The+Before%2C+The+Reality%2C+The+Aftermath&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Indian+Army+Service+Corps&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdunkirk1940.org%2Findex.php%3F%26p%3D1_412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2008" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Geoffrey (2008). Dunkirk and the Fall of France. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-18-44-15803-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-18-44-15803-4"><bdi>978-18-44-15803-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunkirk+and+the+Fall+of+France&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-18-44-15803-4&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeting2010" class="citation news cs1">Sweeting, Adam (21 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/7750005/Dunkirk-the-soldiers-left-behind.html">"Dunkirk: the soldiers left behind"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Dunkirk%3A+the+soldiers+left+behind&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft.aulast=Sweeting&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2F7750005%2FDunkirk-the-soldiers-left-behind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunkirk_Little_Ships_Association2010" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911100450/http://adls.org.uk/t1/">"The Association of Dunkirk Little Ships"</a>. The Association of Dunkirk Little Ships. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adls.org.uk/t1/">the original</a> on 11 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Association+of+Dunkirk+Little+Ships&rft.atitle=The+Association+of+Dunkirk+Little+Ships&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adls.org.uk%2Ft1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Thompson_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Julian Thompson (Royal Marines officer)">Thompson, Julian</a> (2011) [2008]. Dunkirk: Retreat to Victory. New York: Arcade. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-314-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61145-314-0"><bdi>978-1-61145-314-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunkirk%3A+Retreat+to+Victory&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arcade&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61145-314-0&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmy_Group_A_War_Diary" class="citation cs2">War Diary of Army Group A, pp. Volume 40, section 24</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Diary+of+Army+Group+A&rft.pages=Volume+40%2C+section+24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1953" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, H. L. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-1RAF.html">New Zealanders with the Royal Air Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_History_of_New_Zealand_in_the_Second_World_War_1939%E2%80%9345" title="Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45">Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45</a>. Vol. I. Wellington, New Zealand: War History Branch. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/270919916">270919916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealanders+with+the+Royal+Air+Force&rft.place=Wellington%2C+New+Zealand&rft.series=Official+History+of+New+Zealand+in+the+Second+World+War+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.pub=War+History+Branch&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F270919916&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=H.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-WH2-1RAF.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Alanbrooke" title="Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke">Brooke, Alan</a> (2001) [1957]. Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel (eds.). War Diaries 1939–1945: Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-23301-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-23301-8"><bdi>0-520-23301-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Diaries+1939%E2%80%931945%3A+Field+Marshal+Lord+Alanbrooke&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-520-23301-8&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Franks" title="Norman Franks">Franks, Norman</a> (1983). The Air Battle of Dunkirk. London: William Kimber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7183-0349-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7183-0349-0"><bdi>0-7183-0349-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Air+Battle+of+Dunkirk&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Kimber&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7183-0349-0&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Sebag-Montefiore" title="Hugh Sebag-Montefiore">Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh</a> (2006). Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-91082-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-91082-1"><bdi>0-670-91082-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dunkirk%3A+Fight+to+the+Last+Man&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-670-91082-1&rft.aulast=Sebag-Montefiore&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Weinberg" title="Gerhard Weinberg">Weinberg, Gerhard L.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldatarmsgloba00wein">A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II</a>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-44317-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-44317-2"><bdi>0-521-44317-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+at+Arms%3A+A+Global+History+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-521-44317-2&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldatarmsgloba00wein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wilmot, Chester (1986). The Struggle for Europe. New York: Carroll & Graf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88184-257-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88184-257-5"><bdi>0-88184-257-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-88184-257-5&rft.aulast=Wilmot&rft.aufirst=Chester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADunkirk+evacuation" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkirk_evacuation&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/We_shall_fight_on_the_beaches" class="extiw" title="wikisource:We shall fight on the beaches">We shall fight on the beaches</a></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Churchill%27s_speech_of_4_June_1940." class="extiw" title="wikisource:Churchill's speech of 4 June 1940.">Churchill's speech of 4 June 1940.</a></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spitfiresite.com/2010/05/battle-of-britain-1940-spitfires-join-the-fighting.html">Spitfires Join the Fighting – aerial battle over Dunkirk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928163727/http://spitfiresite.com/2010/05/battle-of-britain-1940-spitfires-join-the-fighting.html">Archived</a> 28 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dynamo-dunkerque.com/">Official website of Dunkirk memorial and museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/world-war-two--dunkirk-evacuation/z4fky9q">BBC Archive – Dunkirk Evacuation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006080927/http://spitfiresite.com/2010/05/battle-of-britain-1940-dunkirk-operation-dynam.html">Dunkirk, Operation Dynamo – Battle of Britain 1940</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2history.com/videos/Western/Nazis_invade_France">Nazis invade France</a> Video analysis on WW2History.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/dunkirk/14310.shtml">BBC Archives – J. 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class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-75fbfdcd46-vkrw2","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.552","walltime":"1.983","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18931,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":247449,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":31896,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":264960,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1735.983 1 -total"," 24.85% 431.406 191 Template:Sfn"," 15.42% 267.758 50 Template:Cite_book"," 14.78% 256.506 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 6.48% 112.548 12 Template:HMS"," 5.66% 98.240 8 Template:Lang"," 5.18% 90.006 1 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