CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135a0505888f936',cH: 'iN7Cy8aVdOxfJao7Pi5CjXkR1VH97u3UGmrPgqcBr14-1739793722-1.2.1.1-VMvqAxuNvl8VGvTu32dV6DdSPts47Hbrd.pJSNBgR28RCQvW8FBo0U2kBuN1pqU7',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=negative%20selection&__cf_chl_tk=3lr_6eCRPlURyDgLAN9Ywy.x2TKDtlfPhR980OSW4Bk-1739793722-1.0.1.1-aGkRLFBpIq3piYKUAmv9e94jk5IDJECSwtFXmQhyjfs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793722',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=negative%20selection&__cf_chl_f_tk=3lr_6eCRPlURyDgLAN9Ywy.x2TKDtlfPhR980OSW4Bk-1739793722-1.0.1.1-aGkRLFBpIq3piYKUAmv9e94jk5IDJECSwtFXmQhyjfs",md: "uf3j6uHqHARh6qaI7DbnUDnoMkjQtEz8FetGoZThSo4-1739793722-1.2.1.1-lx07a.C6gRZQ0O5uvjuI7SGVyZtdzsJ9zyH9c7m7_7muqGtuXbdd5pMUq8oppyyQ4KxqTiC39Bue2J7zqQmSJPypEEnF6AR8DWy8Dw2Lb1Mix_u9hNv_FnWJIdda0bQicR3XSMHmLJcWohAZY5HC4t5nmFnIVKok5mQNxR1eeSt6SZxzQ6DPJQrKEU33GhBJJRiZEqfKGi8jbDF1QL_Gpy1rwgwfMiBXHbWgC2LGjDIlbNaq9jinK0fPLQTjKYV.aONPhuPKB3Ch0K0vUB6qfWv0OVuxcuTwU5mr1nUfZcz7TMbwlVjJ.sVnzR.JLyycm.RpuUf_kEQf6ythaA8yWw.MUON6Bo7SfkOCjwR2_KQeS4yq_i3JV8kw2nEnEVRVUIqtV7859e5y65tfLfEOuRnMIdfvTCXgxNRmM757k8om6ljGIPe8V5sCfXzRrthUN58qPmhySFF_m4Uyhj1Iscxp3hjeR.Q1ED3SNQnx2Fvxj2RpFvr6CyIne_HarNfqf9KoLBJ4.VSfUgi5E1yxGNvVU8q9_wjoZM4TxaBUk8._OApxUrhFkFrcYIFrVDJNRfztEvCKmb5GPop53dW5OVZMTbi4fIGF5ZlnEC6yK2CJ.hxLJuLCjkzkPiGc7HnIJNSYFyGCX.ck1PzXq_.TEG5r70IiarAIGZW0xi5_TsRLssTt6BNAMO5C8XpqhfojXwwtfIafVtuKpZcQGwV4I4XditH.3EHEQab2oEQ1VVBQdJx56rKpQpyhRWrKWwc1MieBLcS6YWGIyhB0cc5sqcYqm2SebVVOWdpzViIjX8MZaWwgKO0d_CX7de.0HvAN8UXOtW074_2F1zcqU3ydktVX8jUwNZ5yq1vnHdi2FMSIMfZ7dza9.ZpScOC7nmITBUflaDD21NaFvbWeSY5wPU8lkTvQEihW1Egu8b9JcbECDBvbyhV66ksVHbGAbsAbVezWj4fySPow9EYtZDGjHUGpzQYgw1kZvl5MfoW09EEjNISP5Vo..uzmiz9ymz1qGad41UTFqlgC4nagDvPQgW6SHQA9fNRqQSIKhGtu.m_A36i.aP055ONZ.5DyP6RLjg.WO59cgpvYyBcc3FUZGR0FPRDzK8z528HBYRpyA2o1la69VrfOP90I.V1OMS9RX9K1f.kXoJz_XrlWVr18zwW9rGsHI2W70exz2HSaTESkt_ETsCUP6_FzzwnxEFNVQFM.ObgxEu7BoBZLVM_fBSiaNrHpuLdlpYbWelTMvic5H_XVqjFIbZHlilKI3CLWSgWfqUARnZG8SFJlc2XAyJKeG34r1vxc_ANVPT7jqQF1gMHGdYPCoIL46HFjOvwEb7shevnYb0r4MzxysfjhAEx6ynZJIHRIhklbcnK4NORNWq2a6a8jOTncpd7p9ql.7J8LahyQKJrobpjDeFErROmyu.0_M046rmKD3EiYeyzDuVTuBaCvgWCERq3pgrXj1Ghvymp3BFZv3o8KyVFfqfsMKaudjWeaIJ5flXhTKnEG3iIa1rC8Frh1WOOjiRHT9L_oEwpAJurcGcCFbCanSld1bLyt5rLImB4sHaSAFAN46Z3gt0mXZHhxMH4BTeYnwTK9hEOlUMIWDocvMSofkqYQ5_3RC5Y7ZSetrVQoL0qShXIezwxj6.lwBL0FP0qPmU7S7N11uhv2gTFSeo2yNDVptcSPirJV..oW_mnnOU5jWC0fiQpdJidy3cnZxlKWXUOcDjme_IAKZkOlwjfnOEZ9LGtQFGU7FxVoXLpGm3NRd6YlC8DF0K_bw.cEbqrbNPsZKWc2mVhAYLAtuHrxJtolmoHG1V.9j9p0uOlK1n_FjYe.KIciMDrXebHYTr1chtJFMadWdM._g9JCWrMk3oMalMWwHiVEamUfdl2DdHeVJwn1LCjGSvP9okeRU2zfzih2IVihF375r477InwaCd1MwAHxGftAi6UdaR97iWI",mdrd: "XK8iGXG3BpbvhxN5bEtotjpxiI82aF7mVzMy6ryoiBo-1739793722-1.2.1.1-7hV1uduALad7LEKlsSb7oSVMV92qFk1qZ3HmJUJ_RTZzy58bJ_my5orfgTZ.8XWLxxjR6NAMy7GlaEi1eUDN.PztXuHo54i2W.lo6d67IoMfYinjeIftorT1Orbh84FMUPEElZJ3swXXviprVO9iHpvjiHcJrAT11Ivl2pAxdoXAQg7UOObDD84tkJ6bQalzjpWP91aUmog7kaeor24fGC.6iW7KNmgDIZ5y4wNveeydNeicgJhdIdQqI3nvdoYOE6eJPJUydGww9qzQ_yeGG6..fUINQIDDAdLz5dTzMNZsXyUwszxBJLvLP1hAZZ7W4ljgZJVzNISX9_yIGbTs0xy20XredKiYdSYqkPSloaLukyUeRY9HPkWWOBAhlKHA8jsr1txmEWwJefppDZr8iT2nvpQBttrbjoORYhDD2nHHq.ZKDz2F9dXKLeUL9N_9c0e8t84H8E3Vas1XRnLlcWGfTJyU6mtz5lh.7rNBUcJGw89osYQqcnn5yn6x3VEmQEhqbp6oaQASFVTxB2H3IPuMacc0RvxrsFXoRd53v5DJPfPnO2JjJfjLbvtpMK1MAf7ZUT1V6tE0ef5YJ5alH1LuuruVbCltey4KkF302Uu2MrUmlRVqHX2GTREj2pyfJCVJYOhSo.90a5mD88GbJQ7XriGOLypbva2o285qbNOFuCDXN65rNBl9_YKkdvqSFDoKc5y11NbvGaIQkLpQJd0t6m0CJDrGfxVyLsQS2ADginhcdk8T1gLvMQwzlVNtXicP3uFG8DWllNyfD2CphlxtZ6Ofo.yz.q3.sWzJpaEAAiiGMeFMaFSNXiXfMxRiNQJBQIITq5M2tSyxcJQbjP0fwOJnDOf_1v6qLozlcG5Boo1sTv3tKtP2BknKQ_kuBWlwCEIk.vTkFe3RHDj9R1Bs1t5prt015mz4SByP9IBDH__P5mPY_hTfne_0olGp5gdcTu6YHBxVsPUhVSaDLcIsMmHGHyMUn86k.IPAEW3Pt4_zlwXDB3UV2e_Etz42fNfWdQYlgin12mfXNUVZbuFZW7ESc1sqe7dYO2bajB2vJKC6GiRYZp_okclAaA_GDLFBxy9XKycz49NHk8.PDT3r_3gOGxsgtycP5TFjZqvAylIzBKXHp10b0U4MUQF8193UH9sOTzTCYMFfXAKWbjmPthfuAVNMCQr4YzDP2431S4eJ38Q7dp7gjraY6gdrnqANvuH.3ya8JuEyF0fx6G0WJvfLmte7wLbx8XbtS4zzP59Eh9zL9.AnrFx.lzvbO9EUNQOPm0gzfWGxQBHjEmb6vs0Qdqb057.XZgK0GbcanPPhRY8425VBIUr0a6N7csehsEfZj9QgUh20Md1ELWp_V.AUCAJYEg.lZ836u.Llhdgnc9cCyAbks5aF8fC2CiRobnKIib_xCFQb1ojL6cYoEBZ.vo8yR2uK5s5j9ALa9OxXJTfVJ.lrglLpYuopyZUSvfrHQ1s8aOJYnXkrHWAYJq1ghIKDcFprzE1UEyUql8qTUYa..HlOgdSOtr_ohEbTHmA9RaSRewk..KN2CRHtmcuAcURfmAe3X003xv3VptdmdDx5pdRwutibQWxxvbeZwIBL60n_HSmqGAIaucZ5X8.l1VMYY7yqBVTJ1b1RbjJQuqpCfSerLsYsPFdFtVVVDWJIfSetuBd7mFRqYART9gjY6Oa9eRj3UY5Dj0o.TUTjV6m65twmrdRG.hkq5Imtpwb1sbaZzgTL1kKDl8mrrWaIw1kilEjfT09R3LJK6uTuXtKKdx2XgCZJDZAYn5cmk_o1mfNeriEvZPf3eXfaL6devJls5f5IiWtA7Z2ZHe851iNhYA7KqGXU8EW5arKQEokwr1Rn6khstEavJn0aCxEcYCQrePNg5CYze3lYEW2XGDd1b.9rP4Lh6bjNKXUjFH795GNEzNsjXeHLkdhw0i.LJDuA0yehTgs5lBC3aj.qxu0Z9Y4WDEeNe.yi"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135a0505888f936';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=negative%20selection&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3lr_6eCRPlURyDgLAN9Ywy.x2TKDtlfPhR980OSW4Bk-1739793722-1.0.1.1-aGkRLFBpIq3piYKUAmv9e94jk5IDJECSwtFXmQhyjfs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>