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A cookie is a small text file that a website stores on your computer or mobile device when you visit our site. Would you like to know more? Read our <a href="/en/footer/cookie-policy" target="_blank">cookie policy</a>.</p> </div> <div class="buttons-row"> <button class="button button-secondary" v-on:click="accept"> <span>Accept</span> </button> <button class="link" v-on:click="decline"> <span>No, rather not</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </transition> </cookie-consent-bar> <navigation inline-template> <div class="navigation hide-in-app-view" :class="{ open: menuOpen }" ref="wrapper"> <a id="skiptocontent" href="#maincontent"> Skip to main content </a> <header class="header grid-row"> <nav class="grid-column full-width header-inner"> <ul class="header-links header-links-left"> <li class="header-link header-button-icon"> <button class="button-icon transparent" ref="menuButton" v-on:click="onMenuToggle" aria-controls="overlay-menu" :aria-expanded="menuOpen? 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'Close language selection' : 'Open language selection'"> <span> Language </span> </button> <a href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/login?redirectUrl=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/research" class="link link-inverse" v-if="!$parent.loggedInUser"> <span> Login </span> </a> <a href="https://www.rijksmuseumshop.nl/en?utm_source=rijksmuseum.nl&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=webshop&utm_content=homepage_button_en" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Giftshop </span> </a> <a :href="$parent.collectionPersonalPageUrl" class="user-profile link" v-if="$parent.loggedInUser"> <img :src="$parent.loggedInUser.avatar" alt="" class="user-avatar" v-if="$parent.loggedInUser.avatar !== ''"> <div class="avatar-placeholder" v-text="$parent.loggedInUser.initials" v-else></div> </a> </div> <transition name="fade-fast"> <div id="language-menu-mobile" class="language-menu-mobile" v-if="openContent"> <ul class="language-menu-translations"> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/nl/onderzoek" class="link link-inverse"> <span>Nederlands (Dutch)</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/en/research" class="link link-inverse"> <span>English (English)</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="language-menu-links"> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/de/besuchen" class="link link-inverse"> <span>Besucherinformationen</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/fr/visitez" class="link link-inverse"> <span>Service visiteur</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/it/visita" class="link link-inverse"> <span>Informazioni per i visitatori</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/es/visit" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Informacion para los visitantes</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/pap/bishita" class="link link-inverse"> <span>Informashon pa bishita</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/ja/visit" class="link link-inverse"> <span>ビジター·インフォメーション</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/zh/visit" class="link link-inverse"> <span>游客信息</span> </a> </li> <li class="language-menu-link"> <a href="/ru/visit" class="link link-inverse"> <span>Информация для посетителей</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </transition> </div> </height-expander> </div> <transition name="fade-in-bottom"> <div class="grid-column half-width extra-links-wrapper" v-if="menuOpen" data-focus-desktop> <ul class="extra-links"> <li> <a href="/en/visit" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Visit and tickets </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/whats-on" class="link link-inverse"> <span> What's on </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/collection" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Collection </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/stories" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Stories </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="extra-links"> <li> <a href="/en/support" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Support us </span> </a> </li> <li> <a 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href="/en/press" class="link link-inverse"> <span> Press </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </transition> <div class="rijksmuseum-logo"> <a href="/en"> <svg class="icon-rijks-logo " aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use xlink:href="#icon-rijks-logo" href="#icon-rijks-logo" ></use></svg> </a> </div> <section class="sponsor-logos grid-row"> <div class="grid-column"> <div class="sponsor-logos-section"> <div class="grid-column logo"> <a aria-label="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science link" href="/en/footer/ocw" class="logo-link"> <img class="logo-image" src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/statics/logos/m-ocw-en.svg" alt="Ministry of Education, Culture and Science logo"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sponsor-logos-section"> <p class="sponsor-logos-section-heading">Founder</p> <div class="grid-column logo"> <a aria-label="Philips - Engels link" href="/en/support/corporate/partnerships/philips" class="logo-link"> <img class="logo-image" src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/statics/logos/philips.svg" alt="Philips - Engels logo"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="sponsor-logos-section"> <p class="sponsor-logos-section-heading">Main sponsors</p> <div class="grid-column logo"> <a aria-label="Vriendenloterij - ENG link" href="/en/support/corporate/partnerships/vriendenloterij" class="logo-link"> <img class="logo-image" src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/statics/logos/vrienden-loterij.svg" alt="Vriendenloterij - ENG logo"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-column logo"> <a aria-label="ING - Engels link" href="/en/support/corporate/partnerships/ing" class="logo-link"> <img class="logo-image" src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/statics/logos/ing.svg" alt="ING - Engels logo"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-column logo"> <a aria-label="KPN - Engels link" href="/en/support/corporate/partnerships/kpn" class="logo-link"> <img class="logo-image" src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/statics/logos/kpn-logo-white.svg" alt="KPN - Engels logo"> </a> </div> </div> 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:style="objectPositionStyle" alt="" class="lazy-image not-loaded " data-src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/assets/9d4c311c-8e27-49f9-834d-22fd37597355?w=960&h=1080&fx=1866&fy=3476&c=04c77a26d3e45a2f2aeb827ee0b0bb5742a20bb71b138fbc838bc8884a35c5e6" /></picture> <picture><source media="(max-aspect-ratio: 3/4) and (min-width: 50.75em)" sizes="" srcset="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/assets/9d4c311c-8e27-49f9-834d-22fd37597355?w=20&h=86&fx=1866&fy=3476&c=b1fb76009ae99cc0799c410647b48363d13d028cf9fed5f651c09aacdeaf240c" /><source media="(max-aspect-ratio: 4/3) and (min-width: 50.75em)" sizes="" srcset="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/assets/9d4c311c-8e27-49f9-834d-22fd37597355?w=20&h=53&fx=1866&fy=3476&c=6c1417343154fb1918185dc7157acc451ac4e1a5b0cac2b4ff4aa15810cbcd37" /><source media="(max-aspect-ratio: 39/20) and (min-width: 50.75em)" sizes="" 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srcset="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/assets/9d4c311c-8e27-49f9-834d-22fd37597355?w=20&h=7&fx=1866&fy=3476&c=705973a6a591a48fb1aacb3e559d604c563314b2e4a32db82603cac1fe1bde22" /><source sizes="" srcset="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/assets/9d4c311c-8e27-49f9-834d-22fd37597355?w=20&h=5&fx=1866&fy=3476&c=27e8654875ce3ce78606c79ee96272eb55306045b35afa00a1edfad4488fcd30" /><img :style="objectPositionStyle" alt="" class="lazy-image-placeholder" src="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/assets/9d4c311c-8e27-49f9-834d-22fd37597355?w=20&h=11&fx=1866&fy=3476&c=626f99227646c17af18e4a112eca18606393363cac565e6de805578073780e39" /></picture> </div> </focus-point-image> <div class="block-content grid-row"> <div class="grid-column fit-width-content block-content-wrapper"> <h2 class="heading-2"> <span class="inline-link inline-link-inverse"> Rijksmuseum Bulletin </span> </h2> <p class="block-content-subtitle"> Our quarterly, peer-reviewed journal </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="block-half-width"> <a 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fit-width-content block-content-wrapper"> <h2 class="heading-2"> <span class="inline-link inline-link-inverse"> Collection catalogues </span> </h2> <p class="block-content-subtitle"> Online catalogues </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </section> <section class="related-content block-row "> <div class="block-half-width"> <a href="/en/education/university-education/fellowship" class="fit-parent object-fit-container cover block-link"> <focus-point-image :object-positions='[ { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 3/4) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 3/4) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 4/3) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 4/3) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 39/20) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, 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srcset="https://iiif.micr.io/cQSfP/384,0,1844,1844/20,20/0/default.jpg" /><source media="(max-aspect-ratio: 3/4)" sizes="" srcset="https://iiif.micr.io/cQSfP/428,0,1756,1844/20,21/0/default.jpg" /><source media="(max-aspect-ratio: 4/3)" sizes="" srcset="https://iiif.micr.io/cQSfP/0,74,2612,1697/20,13/0/default.jpg" /><source media="(max-aspect-ratio: 39/20)" sizes="" srcset="https://iiif.micr.io/cQSfP/0,465,2612,914/20,7/0/default.jpg" /><source sizes="" srcset="https://iiif.micr.io/cQSfP/0,596,2612,653/20,5/0/default.jpg" /><img :style="objectPositionStyle" alt="Hand schrijvend met een kroontjespen" class="lazy-image-placeholder" src="https://iiif.micr.io/cQSfP/0,204,2612,1436/20,11/0/default.jpg" /></picture> </div> </focus-point-image> <div class="block-content grid-row"> <div class="grid-column fit-width-content block-content-wrapper"> <h2 class="heading-2"> <span class="inline-link inline-link-inverse"> Studies in History </span> </h2> </div> </div> </a> </div> </section> <section 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<span class="inline-link inline-link-inverse"> Image requests </span> </h2> <p class="block-content-subtitle"> Order high resolution images free of charge </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="block-half-width"> <a href="/en/footer/faq-collection-and-data" class="fit-parent object-fit-container cover block-link"> <focus-point-image :object-positions='[ { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 3/4) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 3/4) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 4/3) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 4/3) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 39/20) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { "mediaQuery": "(max-aspect-ratio: 39/20) and (min-width: 50.75em)", "objectPosition": "center center" }, { 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