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energy</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: compaction energy"> <meta name="keywords" content="compaction energy"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="compaction energy"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8549</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: compaction energy</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8549</span> Effect of Compaction Energy on the Compaction of Soils with Low Water Content in the Semi-arid Region of Chlef</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obeida%20Aiche">Obeida Aiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Khiatine"> Mohamed Khiatine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medjnoun%20Amal"> Medjnoun Amal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramdane%20Bahar">Ramdane Bahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil compaction is one of the most challenging tasks in the construction of road embankments, railway platforms, and earth dams. Stability and durability are mainly related to the nature of the materials used and the type of soil in place. However, nature does not always offer the engineer materials with the right water content, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where obtaining the optimum Proctor water content requires the addition of considerable quantities of water. The current environmental context does not allow for the rational use of water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, where it is preferable to preserve water resources for the benefit of the local population. Low water compaction can be an interesting approach as it promotes the reuse of earthworks materials in their dry or very dry state. Thanks to techniques in the field of soil compaction, such as vibratory compactors, which have made it possible to increase the compaction energy considerably, it is possible for some materials to obtain a satisfactory quality by compacting at low water contents or at least lower than the optimum determined by the Proctor test. This communication deals with the low water content compaction of soils in the semi-arid zone of the Chlef region in Algeria by increasing the compaction energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20water%20content" title=" low water content"> low water content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20energy" title=" compaction energy"> compaction energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156755/effect-of-compaction-energy-on-the-compaction-of-soils-with-low-water-content-in-the-semi-arid-region-of-chlef" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8548</span> Study on Energy Transfer in Collapsible Soil During Laboratory Proctor Compaction Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amritanshu%20Sandilya">Amritanshu Sandilya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Shah"> M. V. Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Collapsible soils such as loess are a common geotechnical challenge due to their potential to undergo sudden and severe settlement under certain loading conditions. The need for filling engineering to increase developing land has grown significantly in recent years, which has created several difficulties in managing soil strength and stability during compaction. Numerous engineering problems, such as roadbed subsidence and pavement cracking, have been brought about by insufficient fill strength. Therefore, strict control of compaction parameters is essential to reduce these distresses. Accurately measuring the degree of compaction, which is often represented by compactness is an important component of compaction control. For credible predictions of how collapsible soils will behave under complicated loading situations, the accuracy of laboratory studies is essential. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the energy transfer in collapsible soils during laboratory Proctor compaction tests to provide insights into how energy transfer can be optimized to achieve more accurate and reliable results in compaction testing. The compaction characteristics in terms of energy of loess soil have been studied at moisture content corresponding to dry of optimum, at the optimum and wet side of optimum and at different compaction energy levels. The hammer impact force (E0) and soil bottom force (E) were measured using an impact load cell mounted at the bottom of the compaction mould. The variation in energy consumption ratio (E/ E0) was observed and compared with the compaction curve of the soil. The results indicate that the plot of energy consumption ratio versus moisture content can serve as a reliable indicator of the compaction characteristics of the soil in terms of energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title="soil compaction">soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proctor%20compaction%20test" title=" proctor compaction test"> proctor compaction test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapsible%20soil" title=" collapsible soil"> collapsible soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transfer" title=" energy transfer"> energy transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167380/study-on-energy-transfer-in-collapsible-soil-during-laboratory-proctor-compaction-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8547</span> Family of Density Curves of Queensland Soils from Compaction Tests, on a 3D Z-Plane Function of Moisture Content, Saturation, and Air-Void Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Alehossein">Habib Alehossein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20K.%20Fernando"> M. S. K. Fernando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil density depends on the volume of the voids and the proportion of the water and air in the voids. However, there is a limit to the contraction of the voids at any given compaction energy, whereby additional water is used to reduce the void volume further by lubricating the particles' frictional contacts. Hence, at an optimum moisture content and specific compaction energy, the density of unsaturated soil can be maximized where the void volume is minimum. However, when considering a full compaction curve and permutations and variations of all these components (soil, air, water, and energy), laboratory soil compaction tests can become expensive, time-consuming, and exhausting. Therefore, analytical methods constructed on a few test data can be developed and used to reduce such unnecessary efforts significantly. Concentrating on the compaction testing results, this study discusses the analytical modelling method developed for some fine-grained and coarse-grained soils of Queensland. Soil properties and characteristics, such as full functional compaction curves under various compaction energy conditions, were studied and developed for a few soil types. Using MATLAB, several generic analytical codes were created for this study, covering all possible compaction parameters and results as they occur in a soil mechanics lab. These MATLAB codes produce a family of curves to determine the relationships between the density, moisture content, void ratio, saturation, and compaction energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title="analytical">analytical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20curve" title=" compaction curve"> compaction curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20ratio" title=" void ratio"> void ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation" title=" saturation"> saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167504/family-of-density-curves-of-queensland-soils-from-compaction-tests-on-a-3d-z-plane-function-of-moisture-content-saturation-and-air-void-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8546</span> Stabilization of Clay Soil Using A-3 Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mustapha%20Alhaji">Mohammed Mustapha Alhaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiku%20Salawu"> Sadiku Salawu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A clay soil which classified under A-7-6 soil according to AASHTO soil classification system and CH according to the unified soil classification system was stabilized using A-3 soil (AASHTO soil classification system). The clay soil was replaced with 0%, 10%, 20% to 100% A-3 soil, compacted at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy level and using unconfined compressive strength as evaluation criteria. The MDD of the compactions at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy levels showed increase in MDD from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The trend of the OMC with varied A-3 soil replacement is similar to that of MDD but in a reversed order. The OMC reduced from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. This trend was attributed to the observed reduction in the void ratio from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the void ratio increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The maximum UCS for clay at varied A-3 soil replacement increased from 272 and 770kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level at 0% A-3 soil replacement to 295 and 795kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 10% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 22 and 60kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 70% A-3 soil replacement. Beyond 70% A-3 soil replacement, the mixture cannot be moulded for UCS test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A-3%20soil" title="A-3 soil">A-3 soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolanic%20action" title=" pozzolanic action"> pozzolanic action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993/stabilization-of-clay-soil-using-a-3-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8545</span> Comparative Study on the Effect of Compaction Energy and Moisture Content on the Strength Properties of Lateritic Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Idris">Ahmad Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.A.%20Uche"> O.A. Uche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ado%20Y%20Abdulfatah"> Ado Y Abdulfatah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateritic soils are found in abundance and are the most common types of soils used in construction of roads and embankments in Nigeria. Strength properties of the soils depend on the amount of compaction applied and the amount of water available in the soil at the time of compaction. In this study, the influence of the compactive effort and that of the amount of water in the soil in the determination of the shear strength properties of lateritic soil was investigated. Lateritic soil sample was collected from an existing borrow pit in Kano, Nigeria and its basic characteristics were determined and the soil was classified according to AASHTO classification method. The soil was then compacted under various compactive efforts and at wide range of moisture contents. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) at each compactive effort was determined. Unconfined undrained triaxial test was carried out to determine the shear strength properties of the soil under various conditions of moisture and energy. Preliminary results obtained indicated that the soil is an A-7-5 soil. The final results obtained shows that as the compaction energy is increased, both the cohesion and friction angle increased irrespective of the moisture content used in the compaction. However, when the amount of water in the soil was increased and compaction effort kept constant, only the cohesion of the soil increases while the friction angle shows no any pattern of variation. It was also found that the highest values for cohesion and friction angle were obtained when the soil was compacted at the highest energy and at OMC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laterite" title="laterite">laterite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMC" title=" OMC"> OMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20energy" title=" compaction energy"> compaction energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6272/comparative-study-on-the-effect-of-compaction-energy-and-moisture-content-on-the-strength-properties-of-lateritic-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8544</span> Compaction of Municipal Solid Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jovana%20Jankovic%20Pantic">Jovana Jankovic Pantic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dragoslav%20Rakic"> Dragoslav Rakic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Djuric"> Tina Djuric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Basaric%20Ikodinovic"> Irena Basaric Ikodinovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snezana%20Bogdanovic"> Snezana Bogdanovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regardless of the numerous activities undertaken to reduce municipal solid waste, its annual volumes continue to grow. In Serbia, the most common and the only one form of waste disposal is at municipal landfills with daily compaction and soil covering. Municipal waste compacting is one of the basic components of the disposal process. Well compacted waste takes up less volume and allows much safer storage. In order to better predict the behavior of municipal waste at landfills, it is necessary to define compaction parameters: the maximum dry unit weight and optimal moisture content. In current geotechnical practice, the most common method of determination compaction parameters is by the standard method (Proctor compaction test) used in soil mechanics, with an eventual reduction of compaction energy. Although this methodology is accepted in newer geotechnical scientific discipline "waste mechanics", different treatments of municipal waste at the landfill itself (including pretreatment), indicate the need to change this classical approach. The main reason for that is the simulation of the operation of compactors (hedgehogs) at the landfill. Therefore, during the research, various innovative solutions are introduced, such as changing the classic flat Proctor hammer, by adding spikes, whose function is, in addition to compaction, destruction and shredding of municipal waste. The paper presents the behavior of municipal waste for four synthetic waste samples with different waste compositions (Plandište landfill). The samples were tested in standard Proctor apparatus at the same compaction energy, but with two different hammers: standard flat hammer and hammer with spikes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hammer%20with%20spikes" title=" hammer with spikes"> hammer with spikes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proctor%20compaction%20test" title=" proctor compaction test"> proctor compaction test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139642/compaction-of-municipal-solid-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8543</span> Pavement Quality Evaluation Using Intelligent Compaction Technology: Overview of Some Case Studies in Oklahoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagar%20Ghos">Sagar Ghos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20E.%20Elaryan"> Andrew E. Elaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Ashik%20Ali"> Syed Ashik Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musharraf%20Zaman"> Musharraf Zaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Ashiqur%20Rahman"> Mohammed Ashiqur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Achieving desired density during construction is an important indicator of pavement quality. Insufficient compaction often compromises pavement performance and service life. Intelligent compaction (IC) is an emerging technology for monitoring compaction quality during the construction of asphalt pavements. This paper aims to provide an overview of findings from four case studies in Oklahoma involving the compaction quality of asphalt pavements, namely SE 44th St project (Project 1) and EOC Turnpike project (Project 2), Highway 92 project (Project 3), and 108th Avenue project (Project 4). For this purpose, an IC technology, the intelligent compaction analyzer (ICA), developed at the University of Oklahoma, was used to evaluate compaction quality. Collected data include GPS locations, roller vibrations, roller speed, the direction of movement, and temperature of the asphalt mat. The collected data were analyzed using a widely used software, VETA. The average densities for Projects 1, 2, 3 and 4, were found as 89.8%, 91.50%, 90.7% and 87.5%, respectively. The maximum densities were found as 94.6%, 95.8%, 95.9%, and 89.7% for Projects 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It was observed that the ICA estimated densities correlated well with the field core densities. The ICA results indicated that at least 90% of the asphalt mats were subjected to at least two roller passes. However, the number of passes required to achieve the desired density (94% to 97%) differed from project to project depending on the underlying layer. The results of these case studies show both opportunities and challenges in using IC for monitoring compaction quality during construction in real-time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20pavement%20construction" title="asphalt pavement construction">asphalt pavement construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20compaction" title=" intelligent compaction"> intelligent compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20compaction%20analyzer" title=" intelligent compaction analyzer"> intelligent compaction analyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20compaction%20measure%20value" title=" intelligent compaction measure value"> intelligent compaction measure value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136762/pavement-quality-evaluation-using-intelligent-compaction-technology-overview-of-some-case-studies-in-oklahoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8542</span> Performance of Rapid Impact Compaction as a Middle-Deep Ground Improvement Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashar%20Tarawneh">Bashar Tarawneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Hakam"> Yasser Hakam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) is a modern dynamic compaction device mainly used to compact sandy soils, where silt and clay contents are low. The device uses the piling hammer technology to increase the bearing capacity of soils through controlled impacts. The RIC device uses "controlled impact compaction" of the ground using a 9-ton hammer dropped from the height between 0.3 m to 1.2 m onto a 1.5 m diameter steel patent foot. The delivered energy is about 26,487 to 105,948 Joules per drop. To evaluate the performance of this technique, three project sites in the United Arab Emirates were improved using RIC. In those sites, a loose to very loose fine to medium sand was encountered at a depth ranging from 1.0m to 4.0m below the ground level. To evaluate the performance of the RIC, Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) were carried out before and after improvement. Also, load tests were carried out post-RIC work to assess the settlements and bearing capacity. The soil was improved to a depth of about 5.0m below the ground level depending on the CPT friction ratio (the ratio between sleeve friction and tip resistance). CPT tip resistance was significantly increased post ground improvement work. Load tests showed enhancement in the soil bearing capacity and reduction in the potential settlements. This study demonstrates the successful application of the RIC for middle-deep improvement and compaction of the ground. Foundation design criteria were achieved in all site post-RIC work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RIC" title=" RIC"> RIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPT" title=" CPT"> CPT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64722/performance-of-rapid-impact-compaction-as-a-middle-deep-ground-improvement-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8541</span> Study of the Effect of Soil Compaction and Height on Pipe Ovality for Buried Steel Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ghodsbin%20Jahromi">Ali Ghodsbin Jahromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Moradi"> Ehsan Moradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the numerical study of buried steel pipe in soil is investigated. Buried pipeline under soil weight, after embankment on the pipe leads to ovality of pipe. In this paper also it is considered the percentage of soil compaction, the soil height on the steel pipe and the external load of a mechanical excavator on the steel pipe and finally, the effect of these on the rate of pipe ovality investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the pipes’ thickness on ovality has been investigated. The results show that increasing the percentage of soil compaction has more effect on reducing percentage of ovality, and if the percentage of soil compaction increases, we can use the pipe with less thickness. Finally, ovality rate of the pipe and acceptance criteria of pipe diameter up to yield stress is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20ovality" title="pipe ovality">pipe ovality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20thickness" title=" pipe thickness "> pipe thickness </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110519/study-of-the-effect-of-soil-compaction-and-height-on-pipe-ovality-for-buried-steel-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8540</span> Soil Stress State under Tractive Tire and Compaction Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prathuang%20Usaborisut">Prathuang Usaborisut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dithaporn%20Thungsotanon"> Dithaporn Thungsotanon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil compaction induced by a tractor towing trailer becomes a major problem associated to sugarcane productivity. Soil beneath the tractor’s tire is not only under compressing stress but also shearing stress. Therefore, in order to help to understand such effects on soil, this research aimed to determine stress state in soil and predict compaction of soil under a tractive tire. The octahedral stress ratios under the tires were higher than one and much higher under higher draft forces. Moreover, the ratio was increasing with increase of number of tire’s passage. Soil compaction model was developed using data acquired from triaxial tests. The model was then used to predict soil bulk density under tractive tire. The maximum error was about 4% at 15 cm depth under lower draft force and tended to increase with depth and draft force. At depth of 30 cm and under higher draft force, the maximum error was about 16%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=draft%20force" title="draft force">draft force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction%20model" title=" soil compaction model"> soil compaction model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20state" title=" stress state"> stress state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tractive%20tire" title=" tractive tire"> tractive tire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65988/soil-stress-state-under-tractive-tire-and-compaction-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8539</span> Investigation of Effect of Mixture Ratio and Compaction Pressure of Reinforced with Miscanthus Fibre Brake Pad Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Unaldi">M. Unaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kus"> R. Kus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brake pads are important parts of the braking system and they are made of different materials. Use of asbestos fibre can cause health risks. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of ecological brake pad samples which are produced under different compaction pressure values and mixture ratios by using miscanthus as reinforcement component on the density, hardness, wear rate and compression strength properties, and friction coefficients changes of ecological brake pad samples. Miscanthus powder, cashew powder, alumina powder, phenolic resin powder, and calcite powder mixtures were used to produce ecological brake pad samples. The physical properties of the brake pad samples produced under different mixture ratios and compaction pressures values were determined to assign their effects on them by using Taguchi experimental design. Mixture ratios and compaction pressures values were chosen as the factors with three-levels. Experiments are conducted to L₉(3⁴) Taguchi orthogonal array design. The results showed that hardness value is very much affected both compaction pressure values and mixture ratios than the other physical properties. When reinforcing component ratio within the mixture and compaction pressure value is increased, hardness and compression strength values of the all samples are also increased. All test results taking into account, the ideal compaction value for used components and mixture ratios were determined as 200 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20pad" title="brake pad">brake pad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly%20materials" title=" eco-friendly materials"> eco-friendly materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miscanthus" title=" Miscanthus"> Miscanthus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52015/investigation-of-effect-of-mixture-ratio-and-compaction-pressure-of-reinforced-with-miscanthus-fibre-brake-pad-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8538</span> Tolerance of Some Warm Season Turfgrasses to Compaction under Shade and Sunlight Conditions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Al-Yafrsi">Mohammed A. Al-Yafrsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahed%20A.%20Al-Mana"> Fahed A. Al-Mana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted to evaluate the compaction-tolerance ability of some warm season turfgrasses under shade and sunlight conditions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon): 'Tifway' and 'Tifsport', seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) and its cultivar 'Sea Isle 2000' were used. The study area was divided into two sections where one was exposed to sunlight and the other one was maintained under shade using green plastic grille (shade 70%). Turfgrasses were planted by sods in beds containing a mixture of sand, silt, and peat moss (4: 1: 1, v/v). The soil compaction was applied using a locally-made cylindrical roll (weighing 250 kg), passing four times over the growing turfgrasses for 3 days/week. The results revealed that compaction treatment led to a decrease in grass height, and it was the lowest (4.0 cm) for paspalum 'Sea Isle 2000' in February. At the shaded area, paspalum turfgrasses retained its high quality degree (4.0) in April, May, and June. In the sunlight area, the grass quality degree was the greatest (4.0) in 'Sea Isle 2000' and the lowest (3.0) in 'Tifsport'. Paspalum turfgrasses gave higher color degree (4) than bermuda grasses (2.5) in April, May, and June. The compaction also led to a decline in leaf area, fresh and dry weights of all grown turfgrasses. The grass density was high for paspalum turfgrasses indicating that their resistance to compaction was greater than bermudagrasses. It can be concluded that the best compaction and shade tolerant turfgrasses are 'Sea Isle 2000' and seashore paspalum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20bermudagrass" title="hybrid bermudagrass">hybrid bermudagrass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seashore%20paspalum" title=" seashore paspalum"> seashore paspalum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shade%20area" title=" shade area"> shade area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunlight%20condition" title=" sunlight condition"> sunlight condition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124585/tolerance-of-some-warm-season-turfgrasses-to-compaction-under-shade-and-sunlight-conditions-of-riyadh-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8537</span> Effect of Various Tillage Systems on Soil Compaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushil%20Kumar">Sushil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Jain"> Mukesh Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijaya%20Rani"> Vijaya Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar"> Vinod Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prime importance of tillage is that it prepares the land where the seed easily germinate and later the plant can well establish. Using different types of equipments driven manually or by powered, machines make the soil suitable to place the seeds into the desirable depth. Moreover, tillage loosens the compacted layers. Heavy equipment and tillage implements can cause damage to the soil structure. Effect of various tillage methods on soil compaction was studied in Rabi season of 2013-14 at village Ladwa, Hisar, Haryana (India). The experiments studied the effect of six tillage treatments i.e. no tillage or zero tillage (T1), tillage with rotavator (T2), disc harrow (T3), rotavator + sub soiler (T4), disc harrow + sub soiler (T5) and power harrow (T6) on soil compaction. Soil compaction was measured before tillage and after sowing at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. No change in soil resistance was recorded before and after no tillage treatment. Maximum soil resistance was found in zero tillage followed by disc harrow up to 150 mm soil depth. Minimum soil resistance was found in rotavator immediately after the tillage treatment. However, the soil resistance approached the same level as it had been before the tillage after the soil strata where the implement cannot reach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title="tillage">tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=no%20tillage" title=" no tillage"> no tillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotavator" title=" rotavator"> rotavator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsoiler" title=" subsoiler"> subsoiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title=" compaction"> compaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92819/effect-of-various-tillage-systems-on-soil-compaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8536</span> Morphology and Electrical Conductivity of a Non-Symmetrical NiO-SDC/SDC Anode through a Microwave-Assisted Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohadeseh%20Seyednezhad">Mohadeseh Seyednezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armin%20Rajabi"> Armin Rajabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andanastui%20Muchtar"> Andanastui Muchtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Rao%20Somalu"> Mahendra Rao Somalu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigates the electrical properties of NiO-SDC/SDC anode sintered at about 1200 ○C for 1h through a relatively new approach, namely the microwave method. Nano powders Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) and NiO were mixed by using a high-energy ball-mill and subsequent co-pressed at three different compaction pressures 200, 300 and 400 MPa. The novelty of this study consists in the effect of compaction pressure on the electrochemical performance of Ni-SDC/SDC anode, with no binder used between layers. The electrical behavior of the prepared anode has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) in controlled atmospheres, operating at high temperatures (600-800 °C). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title="sintering">sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructures" title=" nanostructures"> nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" impedance spectroscopy"> impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramics" title=" ceramics"> ceramics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21637/morphology-and-electrical-conductivity-of-a-non-symmetrical-nio-sdcsdc-anode-through-a-microwave-assisted-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8535</span> Utilization of Logging Residue to Reduce Soil Disturbance of Timber Harvesting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juang%20R.%20Matangaran">Juang R. Matangaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Adlan"> Qi Adlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial plantation forest in Indonesia was developed in 1983, and since then, several companies have been successfully planted a total area of concessionaire approximately 10 million hectares. Currently, these plantation forests have their annual harvesting period. In the timber harvesting process, amount part of the trees generally become logging residue. Tree parts such as branches, twigs, defected stem and leaves are unused section of tree on the ground after timber harvesting. The use of heavy machines in timber harvesting area has caused damage to the forest soil. The negative impact of such machines includes loss of topsoil, soil erosion, and soil compaction. Forest soil compaction caused reduction of forest water infiltration, increase runoff and causes difficulty for root penetration. In this study, we used logging residue as soil covers on the passages passed by skidding machines in order to observe the reduction soil compaction. Bulk density of soil was measured and analyzed after several times of skidding machines passage on skid trail. The objective of the research was to analyze the effect of logging residue on reducing soil compaction. The research was taken place at one of the industrial plantation forest area of South Sumatra Indonesia. The result of the study showed that percentage increase of soil compaction bare soil was larger than soil surface covered by logging residue. The maximum soil compaction occurred after 4 to 5 passes on soil without logging residue or bare soil and after 7 to 8 passes on soil cover by logging residue. The use of logging residue coverings could reduce soil compaction from 45% to 60%. The logging residue was effective in decreasing soil disturbance of timber harvesting at the plantation forest area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20density" title="bulk density">bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logging%20residue" title=" logging residue"> logging residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantation%20forest" title=" plantation forest"> plantation forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20harvesting" title=" timber harvesting"> timber harvesting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73651/utilization-of-logging-residue-to-reduce-soil-disturbance-of-timber-harvesting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8534</span> Modeling of Compaction Curves for CCA-Cement Stabilized Lateritic Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Ahmed%20Apampa">O. Ahmed Apampa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yinusa"> Yinusa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jimoh"> A. Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate model for predicting the compaction behavior of lateritic soils and corn cob ash (CCA) stabilized lateritic soils. This was done by first adopting an equation earlier developed for fine-grained soils and subsequent adaptation by others and extending it to modified lateritic soil through the introduction of alpha and beta parameters which are polynomial functions of the CCA binder input. The polynomial equations were determined with MATLAB R2011 curve fitting tool, while the alpha and beta parameters were determined by standard linear programming techniques using the Solver function of Microsoft Excel 2010. The model so developed was a good fit with a correlation coefficient R2 value of 0.86. The paper concludes that it is possible to determine the optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density of CCA stabilized soils from the compaction test of the unmodified soil, and recommends that this procedure is extended to other binder stabilized lateritic soils to facilitate quick decision making in roadworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corn%20cob%20ash" title=" corn cob ash"> corn cob ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateritic%20soil" title=" lateritic soil"> lateritic soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22360/modeling-of-compaction-curves-for-cca-cement-stabilized-lateritic-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8533</span> Dynamic Compaction Assessment for Improving Pasdaran Highway </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Motamadnia">Alireza Motamadnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roohollah%20Zohdi%20Oliayi"> Roohollah Zohdi Oliayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%BCmeyra%20Bolakar"> Hümeyra Bolakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Tortum"> Ahmet Tortum </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic compression as a method of soil improvement in recent decades has been considered by engineers and experts. Three methods mainly, deep dynamic compaction, soil density, dynamic and rapid change have been proposed and implemented to improve subgrade conditions of highway road. Northern highway route in Tabriz (Pasdaran), Iran that was placed on the manual soil was the main concern. Engineering properties of soil have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Among the three methods rapid dynamic compaction for highway has been suggested to improve the soil subgrade conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manual%20soil" title="manual soil">manual soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidence" title=" subsidence"> subsidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20compression" title=" dynamic compression "> dynamic compression </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17623/dynamic-compaction-assessment-for-improving-pasdaran-highway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8532</span> Improving the Compaction Properties and Shear Resistance of Sand Reinforced with COVID-19 Waste Mask Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20Said">Samah Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhsin%20Elie%20Rahhal"> Muhsin Elie Rahhal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, disposable plastic-based face masks were excessively used worldwide. Therefore, the production and consumption rates of these masks were significantly brought up, which led to severe environmental problems. The main purpose of this research is to test the possibility of reinforcing soil deposits with mask fibers to reuse pandemic-generated waste materials. When testing the compaction properties, the sand was reinforced with a fiber content that increased from 0% to 0.5%, with successive small increments of 0.1%. The optimum content of 0.1% remarkably increased the maximum dry density of the soil and dropped its optimum moisture content. Add to that, it was noticed that 15 mm and rectangular chips were, respectively, the optimum fiber length and shape to maximize the improvement of the sand compaction properties. Regarding the shear strength, fiber contents of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% were adopted. The direct shear tests have shown that the highest enhancement was observed for the optimum fiber content of 0.25%. Similarly to compaction tests, 15 mm and rectangular chips were respectively the optimum fiber length and shape to extremely enhance the shear resistance of the tested sand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mask%20fibers" title=" mask fibers"> mask fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20properties" title=" compaction properties"> compaction properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20reinforcement" title=" soil reinforcement"> soil reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20resistance" title=" shear resistance"> shear resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150371/improving-the-compaction-properties-and-shear-resistance-of-sand-reinforced-with-covid-19-waste-mask-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8531</span> Effect of Compaction and Degree of Saturation on the Unconsolidated Undrained Shear Strength of Sandy Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Mehmood">Fatima Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Farooq"> Khalid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabeea%20Bakhtawer"> Rabeea Bakhtawer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For geotechnical engineers, one of the most important properties of soil to consider in various stability analyses is its shear strength which is governed by a number of factors. The objective of this research is to ascertain the effect of compaction and degree of saturation on the shear strength of fine-grained soil. For this purpose, three different dry densities such as in-situ, maximum standard proctor, and maximum modified proctor, were determined for the sandy clay soil. The soil samples were then prepared to keep dry density constant and varying degrees of saturation. These samples were tested for (UU) unconsolidated undrained shear strength in triaxial compression tests. The decrease in shear strength was observed with the decrease in density and increase in the saturation. The values of the angle of internal friction followed the same trend. However, the change in cohesion with the increase in saturation showed a different behavior, analogous to the compaction curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20saturation" title=" degree of saturation"> degree of saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20density" title=" dry density"> dry density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20investigation" title=" geotechnical investigation"> geotechnical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20testing" title=" laboratory testing"> laboratory testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112365/effect-of-compaction-and-degree-of-saturation-on-the-unconsolidated-undrained-shear-strength-of-sandy-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8530</span> The Effect of Treated Waste-Water on Compaction and Compression of Fine Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Attom">M. Attom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Abed"> F. Abed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Elemam"> M. Elemam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nazal"> M. Nazal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20ElMessalami"> N. ElMessalami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> —The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of treated waste-water (TWW) on the compaction and compressibility properties of fine soil. Two types of fine soils (clayey soils) were selected for this study and classified as CH soil and Cl type of soil. Compaction and compressibility properties such as optimum water content, maximum dry unit weight, consolidation index and swell index, maximum past pressure and volume change were evaluated using both tap and treated waste water. It was found that the use of treated waste water affects all of these properties. The maximum dry unit weight increased for both soils and the optimum water content decreased as much as 13.6% for highly plastic soil. The significant effect was observed in swell index and swelling pressure of the soils. The swell indexed decreased by as much as 42% and 33% for highly plastic and low plastic soils, respectively, when TWW is used. Additionally, the swelling pressure decreased by as much as 16% for both soil types. The result of this research pointed out that the use of treated waste water has a positive effect on compaction and compression properties of clay soil and promise for potential use of this water in engineering applications. Keywords—Consolidation, proctor compaction, swell index, treated waste-water, volume change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title="consolidation">consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proctor%20compaction" title=" proctor compaction"> proctor compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swell%20index" title=" swell index"> swell index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20waste-water" title=" treated waste-water"> treated waste-water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20change" title=" volume change"> volume change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49669/the-effect-of-treated-waste-water-on-compaction-and-compression-of-fine-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8529</span> Multi-Particle Finite Element Modelling Simulation Based on Cohesive Zone Method of Cold Compaction Behavior of Laminar Al and NaCl Composite Powders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanbing%20Feng">Yanbing Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deqing%20Mei"> Deqing Mei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yancheng%20Wang"> Yancheng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zichen%20Chen"> Zichen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advantage of low volume density, high specific surface area, light weight and good permeability, porous aluminum material has the potential to be used in automotive, railway, chemistry and construction industries, etc. A layered powder sintering and dissolution method were developed to fabricate the porous surface Al structure with high efficiency. However, the densification mechanism during the cold compaction of laminar composite powders is still unclear. In this study, multi particle finite element modelling (MPFEM) based on the cohesive zone method (CZM) is used to simulate the cold compaction behavior of laminar Al and NaCl composite powders. To obtain its densification mechanism, the macro and micro properties of final compacts are characterized and analyzed. The robustness and accuracy of the numerical model is firstly verified by experimental results and data fitting. The results indicate that the CZM-based multi particle FEM is an effective way to simulate the compaction of the laminar powders and the fracture process of the NaCl powders. In the compaction of the laminar powders, the void is mainly filled by the particle rearrangement, plastic deformation of Al powders and brittle fracture of NaCl powders. Large stress is mainly concentrated within the NaCl powers and the contact force network is formed. The Al powder near the NaCl powder or the mold has larger stress distribution on its contact surface. Therefore, the densification process of cold compaction of laminar Al and NaCl composite powders is successfully analyzed by the CZM-based multi particle FEM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20compaction" title="cold compaction">cold compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesive%20zone" title=" cohesive zone"> cohesive zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-particle%20FEM" title=" multi-particle FEM"> multi-particle FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20forming" title=" powder forming"> powder forming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94885/multi-particle-finite-element-modelling-simulation-based-on-cohesive-zone-method-of-cold-compaction-behavior-of-laminar-al-and-nacl-composite-powders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8528</span> Studies and Full Scale Tests for the Development of a Ravine Filling with a Depth of about 12.00m</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Madalina%20Pohrib">Dana Madalina Pohrib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Irina%20Ciobanu"> Elena Irina Ciobanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In compaction works, the most often used codes and standards are those for road embankments and refer to a maximum filling height of 3.00m. When filling a height greater than 3.00m, such codes are no longer valid and thus their application may lead to technical difficulties in the process of compaction and to the achievement of a sufficient degree of compaction. For this reason, in the case of controlled fillings with heights greater than 3.00m it is necessary to formulate and apply a number of special techniques, which can be determined by performing a full scale test. This paper presents the results of the studies and full scale tests conducted for the stabilization of a ravine with vertical banks and a depth of about 12.00m. The fillings will support a heavy traffic road connecting the two parts of a village in Vaslui County, Romania. After analyzing two comparative intervention solutions, the variant of a controlled filling bordered by a monolith concrete retaining wall was chosen. The results obtained by the authors highlighted the need to insert a geogrid reinforcement at every 2.00m for creating a 12.00m thick compacted fill. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20probing" title=" dynamic probing"> dynamic probing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stratification" title=" soil stratification"> soil stratification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6414/studies-and-full-scale-tests-for-the-development-of-a-ravine-filling-with-a-depth-of-about-1200m" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8527</span> Recovery of Local Materials in Pavements in Areas with an Arid Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hocini%20Yousra">Hocini Yousra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medjnoun%20Amal"> Medjnoun Amal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khiatine%20Mohamed"> Khiatine Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Ramdane"> Bahar Ramdane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the regions of southern Algeria require the construction of numerous road, rail, and airport infrastructures. However, this development is very expensive given the very severe climatic conditions, the difficulty of reusing local materials, and the unavailability of water on the project sites; these regions are characterized by an arid or semi-arid climate, which means that water sources are very limited. The climatic conditions and the scarcity of water make soil compaction work very difficult and excessively expensive. These constraints related to the supply of water for irrigation of these construction sites make it necessary to examine the solution of compaction with low water content. This work studies the possibility of improving the compaction with a low water content of the soils of southern Algeria and this by using natural or recycled ecological materials. Local soils are first subjected to a series of laboratory characterization tests, then mixed with varying amounts of natural additives. The new materials are, in turn, subjected to road tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20water%20content" title=" low water content"> low water content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20materials" title=" natural materials"> natural materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156774/recovery-of-local-materials-in-pavements-in-areas-with-an-arid-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8526</span> A Model of Foam Density Prediction for Expanded Perlite Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arifuzzaman">M. Arifuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Kim"> H. S. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sets of variables associated with expanded perlite particle consolidation in foam manufacturing were analyzed to develop a model for predicting perlite foam density. The consolidation of perlite particles based on the flotation method and compaction involves numerous variables leading to the final perlite foam density. The variables include binder content, compaction ratio, perlite particle size, various perlite particle densities and porosities, and various volumes of perlite at different stages of process. The developed model was found to be useful not only for prediction of foam density but also for optimization between compaction ratio and binder content to achieve a desired density. Experimental verification was conducted using a range of foam densities (0.15–0.5 g/cm3) produced with a range of compaction ratios (1.5-3.5), a range of sodium silicate contents (0.05–0.35 g/ml) in dilution, a range of expanded perlite particle sizes (1-4 mm), and various perlite densities (such as skeletal, material, bulk, and envelope densities). A close agreement between predictions and experimental results was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expanded%20perlite" title="expanded perlite">expanded perlite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation%20method" title=" flotation method"> flotation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20density" title=" foam density"> foam density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20silicate" title=" sodium silicate"> sodium silicate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18419/a-model-of-foam-density-prediction-for-expanded-perlite-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8525</span> Characterization of Lahar Sands for Reclamation Projects in the Manila Bay, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20Sandoval">Julian Sandoval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philipp%20Schober"> Philipp Schober</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lahar sand (lahars) is a material that originates from volcanic debris flows. During and after a volcano eruption, the lahars can move at speeds up to 22 meters per hour or more, so they can easily cover extensive areas and destroy any structure in their path. Mount Pinatubo eruption (1991) brought lahars to its vicinities, and its use has been a matter of research ever since. Lahars are often disposed of for land reclamation projects in the Manila Bay, Philippines. After reclamation, some deep loss deposits may still present and they are prone to liquefaction. To mitigate the risk of liquefaction of such deposits, Vibro compaction has been proposed and used as a ground improvement technique. Cone penetration testing (CPT) campaigns are usually initiated to monitor the effectiveness of the ground improvement works by vibro compaction. The CPT cone resistance is used to analyses the in-situ relative density of the reclaimed sand before and after compaction. Available correlations between the CPT cone resistance and the relative density are only valid for non-crushable sands. Due to the partially crushable nature of lahars, the CPT data requires to be adjusted to allow for a correct interpretation of the CPT data. The objective of this paper is to characterize the chemical and mechanical properties of the lahar sands used for an ongoing project in the Port of Manila, which comprises reclamation activities using lahars from the east of Mount Pinatubo, it investigates their effect in the proposed correction factor. Additionally, numerous CPTs were carried out in a test trial and during the execution of the project. Based on this data, the influence of the grid spacing, compaction steps and the holding time on the compaction results are analyzed. Moreover, the so-called “aging effect” of the lahars is studied by comparing the results of the CPT testing campaign at different times after the vibro compaction activities. A considerable increase in the tip resistance of the CPT was observed over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibro%20compaction" title="vibro compaction">vibro compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPT" title=" CPT"> CPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lahar%20sands" title=" lahar sands"> lahar sands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correction%20factor" title=" correction factor"> correction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title=" chemical composition"> chemical composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111831/characterization-of-lahar-sands-for-reclamation-projects-in-the-manila-bay-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8524</span> Empirical Superpave Mix-Design of Rubber-Modified Hot-Mix Asphalt in Railway Sub-Ballast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20M.%20Soto">Fernando M. Soto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaetano%20Di%20Mino"> Gaetano Di Mino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of an unmodified bituminous mixture and three rubber-aggregate mixtures containing rubber-aggregate by a dry process (RUMAC) was evaluated, using an empirical-analytical approach based on experimental findings obtained in the laboratory with the volumetric mix design by gyratory compaction. A reference dense-graded bituminous sub-ballast mixture (3% of air voids and a bitumen 4% over the total weight of the mix), and three rubberized mixtures by dry process (1,5 to 3% of rubber by total weight and 5-7% of binder) were used applying the Superpave mix-design for a level 3 (high-traffic) design rail lines. The railway trackbed section analyzed was a granular layer of 19 cm compacted, while for the sub-ballast a thickness of 12 cm has been used. In order to evaluate the effect of increasing the specimen density (as a percent of its theoretical maximum specific gravity), in this article, are illustrated the results obtained after different comparative analysis into the influence of varying the binder-rubber percentages under the sub-ballast layer mix-design. This work demonstrates that rubberized blends containing crumb and ground rubber in bituminous asphalt mixtures behave at least similar or better than conventional asphalt materials. By using the same methodology of volumetric compaction, the densification curves resulting from each mixture have been studied. The purpose is to obtain an optimum empirical parameter multiplier of the number of gyrations necessary to reach the same compaction energy as in conventional mixtures. It has provided some experimental parameters adopting an empirical-analytical method, evaluating the results obtained from the gyratory-compaction of bituminous mixtures with an HMA and rubber-aggregate blends. An extensive integrated research has been carried out to assess the suitability of rubber-modified hot mix asphalt mixtures as a sub-ballast layer in railway underlayment trackbed. Design optimization of the mixture was conducted for each mixture and the volumetric properties analyzed. Also, an improved and complete manufacturing process, compaction and curing of these blends are provided. By adopting this increase-parameters of compaction, called 'beta' factor, mixtures modified with rubber with uniform densification and workability are obtained that in the conventional mixtures. It is found that considering the usual bearing capacity requirements in rail track, the optimal rubber content is 2% (by weight) or 3.95% (by volumetric substitution) and a binder content of 6%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20approach" title="empirical approach">empirical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber-asphalt" title=" rubber-asphalt"> rubber-asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-ballast" title=" sub-ballast"> sub-ballast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superpave%20mix-design" title=" superpave mix-design"> superpave mix-design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69025/empirical-superpave-mix-design-of-rubber-modified-hot-mix-asphalt-in-railway-sub-ballast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8523</span> Comparison of Various Landfill Ground Improvement Techniques for Redevelopment of Closed Landfills to Cater Transport Infrastructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20D.%20Vinod">Michael D. Vinod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Khabbaz"> Hadi Khabbaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction of infrastructure above or adjacent to landfills is becoming more common to capitalize on the limited space available within urban areas. However, development above landfills is a challenging task due to large voids, the presence of organic matter, heterogeneous nature of waste and ambiguity surrounding landfill settlement prediction. Prior to construction of infrastructure above landfills, ground improvement techniques are being employed to improve the geotechnical properties of landfill material. Although the ground improvement techniques have little impact on long term biodegradation and creep related landfill settlement, they have shown some notable short term success with a variety of techniques, including methods for verifying the level of effectiveness of ground improvement techniques. This paper provides geotechnical and landfill engineers a guideline for selection of landfill ground improvement techniques and their suitability to project-specific sites. Ground improvement methods assessed and compared in this paper include concrete injected columns (CIC), dynamic compaction, rapid impact compaction (RIC), preloading, high energy impact compaction (HEIC), vibro compaction, vibro replacement, chemical stabilization and the inclusion of geosynthetics such as geocells. For each ground improvement technique a summary of the existing theory, benefits, limitations, suitable modern ground improvement monitoring methods, the applicability of ground improvement techniques for landfills and supporting case studies are provided. The authors highlight the importance of implementing cost-effective monitoring techniques to allow observation and necessary remediation of the subsidence effects associated with long term landfill settlement. These ground improvement techniques are primarily for the purpose of construction above closed landfills to cater for transport infrastructure loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20landfills" title="closed landfills">closed landfills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20infrastructure" title=" transport infrastructure"> transport infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103505/comparison-of-various-landfill-ground-improvement-techniques-for-redevelopment-of-closed-landfills-to-cater-transport-infrastructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8522</span> Experimental Study on Use of Crumb Rubber to Mitigate Expansive Soil Pressures on Basement Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwestan%20Salimi">Kwestan Salimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenna%20Jacoby"> Jenna Jacoby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Basham"> Michelle Basham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Cerato"> Amy Cerato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The extreme annual weather patterns of the central United States have increased the need for underground shelters for protection from destructive tornadic activity. However, very few residential homes have basements due to the added construction expense and the prevalence of expansive soils covering the central portion of the United States. These expansive soils shrink and swell, increasing earth pressure on basement walls. To mitigate the effect of expansive soils on basement walls, this study performed bench-scale tests using a common natural expansive soil mitigated with a backfill layer of crumb rubber. The results revealed that at 80% soil compaction, a 1:6 backfill height to total height ratio produced a 66% reduction in swell pressure. However, this percent reduction decreased to 27% for 90% soil compaction. It was also found that there is a strong linear correlation between compaction percentage and reduction in swell pressure when using the same backfill height to total height ratio. Using this correlation and extrapolating to 95% compaction, the percent reduction in swell pressure was approximately 12%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title="expansive soils">expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swell%2Fshrink" title=" swell/shrink"> swell/shrink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swell%20pressure" title=" swell pressure"> swell pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crumb%20rubber" title=" crumb rubber"> crumb rubber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136107/experimental-study-on-use-of-crumb-rubber-to-mitigate-expansive-soil-pressures-on-basement-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8521</span> Analysis of Fuel Efficiency in Heavy Construction Compaction Machine and Factors Affecting Fuel Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amey%20Kulkarni">Amey Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paavan%20Shetty"> Paavan Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amol%20Patil"> Amol Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Rajiv"> B. Rajiv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuel Efficiency plays a very important role in overall performance of an automobile. In this paper study of fuel efficiency of heavy construction, compaction machine is done. The fuel Consumption trials are performed in order to obtain the consumption of fuel in performing certain set of actions by the compactor. Usually, Heavy Construction machines are put to work in locations where refilling the fuel tank is not an easy task and also the fuel is consumed at a greater rate than a passenger automobile. So it becomes important to have a fuel efficient machine for long working hours. The fuel efficiency is the most important point in determining the future scope of the product. A heavy construction compaction machine operates in five major roles. These five roles are traveling, Static working, High-frequency Low amplitude compaction, Low-frequency High amplitude compaction, low idle. Fuel consumption readings for 1950 rpm, 2000 rpm & 2350 rpm of the engine are taken by using differential fuel flow meter and are analyzed. And the optimum RPM setting which fulfills the fuel efficiency, as well as engine performance criteria, is considered. Also, other factors such as rear end gears, Intake and exhaust restriction for an engine, vehicle operating techniques, air drag, Tribological aspects, Tires are considered for increasing the fuel efficiency of the compactor. The fuel efficiency of compactor can be precisely calculated by using Differential Fuel Flow Meter. By testing the compactor at different combinations of Engine RPM and also considering other factors such as rear end gears, Intake and exhaust restriction of an engine, vehicle operating techniques, air drag, Tribological aspects, The optimum solution was obtained which lead to significant improvement in fuel efficiency of the compactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20fuel%20flow%20meter" title="differential fuel flow meter">differential fuel flow meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20RPM" title=" engine RPM"> engine RPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20efficiency" title=" fuel efficiency"> fuel efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20construction%20compaction%20%20machine" title=" heavy construction compaction machine"> heavy construction compaction machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71303/analysis-of-fuel-efficiency-in-heavy-construction-compaction-machine-and-factors-affecting-fuel-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8520</span> Development of AA2024 Matrix Composites Reinforced with Micro Yttrium through Cold Compaction with Superior Mechanical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20S.%20Vidyasagar">C. H. S. Vidyasagar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20B.%20Karunakar"> D. B. Karunakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this present work, five different composite samples with AA2024 as matrix and varying amounts of yttrium (0.1-0.5 wt.%) as reinforcement are developed through cold compaction. The microstructures of the developed composite samples revealed that the yttrium reinforcement caused grain refinement up to 0.3 wt.% and beyond which the refinement is not effective. The microstructure revealed Al2Cu precipitation which strengthened the composite up to 0.3 wt.% yttrium reinforcement. Upon further increase in yttrium reinforcement, the intermetallics and the precipitation coarsen and their corresponding strengthening effect decreases. The mechanical characterization revealed that the composite sample reinforced with 0.3 wt.% yttrium showed highest mechanical properties like 82 HV of hardness, 276 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), 229 MPa Yield Strength (YS) and an elongation (EL) of 18.9% respectively. However, the relative density of the developed composites decreased with the increase in yttrium reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title="mechanical properties">mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA%202024%20matrix" title=" AA 2024 matrix"> AA 2024 matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yttrium%20reinforcement" title=" yttrium reinforcement"> yttrium reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20compaction" title=" cold compaction"> cold compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109265/development-of-aa2024-matrix-composites-reinforced-with-micro-yttrium-through-cold-compaction-with-superior-mechanical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20energy&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20energy&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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