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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographic significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ripuarian language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuaries" title="Ripuaries – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ripuaries" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarische_Dialekte" title="Ripuarische Dialekte – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ripuarische Dialekte" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة ريبوارية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة ريبوارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_ripuario" title="Franco ripuario – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Franco ripuario" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncicu_ripuariu" title="Fráncicu ripuariu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fráncicu ripuariu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ریپواری دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریپواری دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Рипуарски франконски езици – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рипуарски франконски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ripuarisch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuar%C5%A1tina" title="Ripuarština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ripuarština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Ripuarisch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarische_Dialekte" title="Ripuarische Dialekte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ripuarische Dialekte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncico_ripuario" title="Fráncico ripuario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fráncico ripuario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuara_dialektaro" title="Ripuara dialektaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ripuara dialektaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuariera" title="Ripuariera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ripuariera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان ریپواری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ریپواری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francique_ripuaire" title="Francique ripuaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francique ripuaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarysk" title="Ripuarysk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ripuarysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1ncico_ripuario" title="Fráncico ripuario – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fráncico ripuario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%91%B8%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="리푸아리아어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리푸아리아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռիփյուարերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիփյուարերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarijski_jezici" title="Ripuarijski jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ripuarijski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ripuarie" title="Lingua ripuarie – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua ripuarie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_ripuario" title="Dialetto ripuario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto ripuario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="הניב הריפוארי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הניב הריפוארי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuar%C5%B3_tarm%C4%97s" title="Ripuarų tarmės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ripuarų tarmės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ripuarisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuari_dialektus" title="Ripuari dialektus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ripuari dialektus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغه ريبواريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه ريبواريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ripuarisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ripuarisch" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="リプアーリ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リプアーリ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisk_spriak" title="Ripuarisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ripuarisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ریپیورین بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریپیورین بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ripuarisch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwary_rypuaryjskie" title="Gwary rypuaryjskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwary rypuaryjskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ripu%C3%A1ria" title="Língua ripuária – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua ripuária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripoarisch_(Sprooch)" title="Ripoarisch (Sprooch) – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ripoarisch (Sprooch)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ripuar%C4%83" title="Limba ripuară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba ripuară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Рипуарские диалекты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рипуарские диалекты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱤᱯᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱤᱯᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_ripuariane" title="Gjuha ripuariane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha ripuariane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarian_language" title="Ripuarian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ripuarian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarski_dijalekti" title="Ripuarski dijalekti – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ripuarski dijalekti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இரிபுவாரிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரிபுவாரிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาริพิวแอเรียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาริพิวแอเรียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarca" title="Ripuarca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ripuarca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Рипуарські діалекти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рипуарські діалекти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ریپواری زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریپواری زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripouwaryin" title="Ripouwaryin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ripouwaryin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" 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color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Ripuarian</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_Province" title="Liège Province">Liège Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(Kölsch: 250,000 cited 1997)<sup id="cite_ref-e25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Elbe_Germanic" title="Elbe Germanic">Elbe Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/High_German" class="mw-redirect" title="High German">High German</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Central_German" title="Central German">Central German</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Central_German" title="West Central German">West Central German</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Franconian">Central Franconian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ripuarian</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li>Old High Franconian <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li>Old Central Franconian </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)<br />Individual code:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ksh" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ksh">ksh</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Colognian_dialect" title="Colognian dialect">Kölsch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ripu1236">ripu1236</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripuarisch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ripuarisch.png/320px-Ripuarisch.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ripuarisch.png/480px-Ripuarisch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ripuarisch.png/640px-Ripuarisch.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="508" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Area where Ripuarian is spoken. Green = sparsely populated forest.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png/320px-Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png/480px-Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png/640px-Mitteldeutsche_Mundarten.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Central German language area after 1945 and the expulsion of the Germans from the east. 1 = Ripuarian.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Ripuarian</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">RIP</span>-yoo-<span style="font-size:90%">AIR</span>-ee-ən</i></a>) or <b>Ripuarian Franconian</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/German_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="German dialect">German dialect</a> group, part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Central_German" title="West Central German">West Central German</a> language group. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle Franconian">Moselle Franconian</a> which includes the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish language</a>, Ripuarian belongs to the larger <a href="/wiki/Central_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Franconian">Central Franconian</a> dialect family and also to the linguistic <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">continuum</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Franconian languages">Low Franconian languages</a>. </p><p>It is spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Benrath_line" title="Benrath line">Benrath line</a> — from northwest of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> in the west and to <a href="/wiki/Waldbr%C3%B6l" title="Waldbröl">Waldbröl</a> in the east. </p><p>The language area also comprises the north of the <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Community_of_Belgium" title="German-speaking Community of Belgium">German-speaking Community of Belgium</a> as well as the southern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> province of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Kerkrade" title="Kerkrade">Kerkrade</a> (<i>Kirchroa</i>), where it is perceived as a variety of <a href="/wiki/Limburgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Limburgish language">Limburgish</a> and legally treated as such.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The name derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a> (<i>Rheinfranken</i>), who settled in the area from the 4th century onward. </p><p>The most well known Ripuarian dialect is <i><a href="/wiki/Colognian_dialect" title="Colognian dialect">Kölsch</a></i>, the local dialect of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. Dialects belonging to the Ripuarian group almost always call themselves <i>Platt</i> (spelled <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">plat</i></span> in the Netherlands) like <i>Öcher Platt</i> (of <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6nnsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bönnsch">Bönnsch</a> Platt</i> (of <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>), <i>Eischwiele Platt</i> (of <a href="/wiki/Eschweiler" title="Eschweiler">Eschweiler</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Kirchr%C3%B6adsj_plat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirchröadsj plat">Kirchröadsj plat</a></i> (of <a href="/wiki/Kerkrade" title="Kerkrade">Kerkrade</a>), or <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bocheser_plat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bocheser plat (page does not exist)">Bocheser plat</a></i> (of <a href="/wiki/Bocholtz" title="Bocholtz">Bocholtz</a>). Most of the more than one hundred Ripuarian dialects are bound to one specific village or municipality. Usually there are small distinctive differences between neighbouring dialects (which are, however, easily noticeable to locals), and increasingly bigger differences between the more distant dialects. These are described by a set of <a href="/wiki/Isogloss" title="Isogloss">isoglosses</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_fan" title="Rhenish fan">Rhenish fan</a> in linguistics. The way people talk, even if they are not using Ripuarian, often allows them to be traced precisely to a village or city quarter where they learned to speak. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_of_speakers">Number of speakers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Number of speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About a million people speak a variation of Ripuarian dialect, which constitutes about one quarter of the inhabitants of the area. Penetration of Ripuarian in everyday communication varies considerably, as does the percentage of Ripuarian speakers from one place to another. In some places there may only be a few elderly speakers left, while elsewhere Ripuarian usage is common in everyday life. Both in the genuine Ripuarian area and far around it, the number of people passively understanding Ripuarian to some extent exceeds the number of active speakers by far. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_significance">Geographic significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Speakers are centred on the German city of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Köln">Köln</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>). The language's distribution starts from the important geographic transition into the flat-lands coming down from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rhine" title="Middle Rhine">Middle Rhine</a>. The Ripuarian varieties are related to the <a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian" class="mw-redirect" title="Moselle Franconian">Moselle Franconian</a> languages spoken in the southern Rhineland (<a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>) in Germany, to the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish language</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, and to the Low Franconian <a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a> language in the Dutch province of <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a>. Most of the historic roots of Ripuarian languages are in <a href="/wiki/Central_German" title="Central German">Middle German</a>, but there were other influences too, such as <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Meuse-Rhenish" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Meuse-Rhenish">Southern Meuse-Rhenish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a>). Several elements of grammar are unique to Ripuarian and do not exist in the other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany" title="Languages of Germany">languages of Germany</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a> as well as the Netherlands officially recognise some Ripuarian dialects as <a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">minority languages</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> likewise follows.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varieties are or include:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>West Ripuarian (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Westripuarisch</i></span>), around Aachen and a small area in East Belgium and the Netherlands</li> <li>Central Ripuarian (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zentralripuarisch</i></span>) <ul><li>City Colognian (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtkölnisch</i></span>)</li> <li>Country Colognian (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Landkölnisch</i></span>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The transcription from Münch,<sup id="cite_ref-GdrfM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GdrfM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the <a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave accent</a> (`) and <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a> (¯) represent, respectively, accent 1 and 2 in the Central/Low Franconian <a href="/wiki/Pitch_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch accent">pitch accent</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Cardinals</th> <th>Ordinals </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>ēn</td> <td>dę ìəštə </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>tswęī</td> <td>dę tswę̀itə </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>dreī</td> <td>dę drę̀itə </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>fiəꝛ</td> <td>dę fiətə </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>fønəf</td> <td>dę fønəftə </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>zęks</td> <td>dę zękstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>zevə</td> <td>dę zevəntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>āx</td> <td>dę āxtə </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>nøŋ̀</td> <td>dę nøŋ̄tə </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>tsèn</td> <td>dę tsèntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>eləf</td> <td>dę eləftə </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>tsweləf</td> <td>dę tsweləftə </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>drøksēn</td> <td>dę drøksēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>fiətsēn</td> <td>dę fiətsēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>fuftsēn</td> <td>dę fuftsēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>zęksēn</td> <td>dę zęksēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>zevətsēn</td> <td>dę zevetsēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>āxtsēn</td> <td>dę āxtsēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>nøŋ̄sēn</td> <td>dę nøŋ̄tsēntə </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>tswantsiχ</td> <td>dę tswantsiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>enəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>tswęiəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>dreiəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td>fiəꝛentswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>fønəvəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>zękzəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>zevənəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>āxəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>nøŋəntswantsiχ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>dresiχ</td> <td>dę dresiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>fiətsiχ</td> <td>dę fiətsiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>fuftsiχ</td> <td>dę fuftsiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td>zęksiχ</td> <td>dę zęksiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td>zevəntsiχ</td> <td>dę zevətsiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>āxtsiχ</td> <td>dę āxtsiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td>nøŋ̄siχ</td> <td>dę nøŋ̄tsiχstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>hondəꝛt</td> <td>dę hondəꝛtstə </td></tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>tsweīhondəꝛt</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000</td> <td>dùzənt</td> <td>dę dùzəntstə </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ripuarian (excluding City-<a href="/wiki/Colognian_dialect" title="Colognian dialect">Colognian</a>) emphasised personal pronouns:<sup id="cite_ref-GdrfM_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GdrfM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>1st person</th> <th>2nd person</th> <th colspan="3">3rd person<br /> m. / f. / n.</th> <th>reflexive<br /> pronoun<br /> (of the 3rd person) </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6">Singular </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nom. </th> <td>iχ</td> <td>du</td> <td>hę̄</td> <td>zeī</td> <td>ət</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gen. </th> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dat. </th> <td>mīꝛ</td> <td>dīꝛ</td> <td>em̀</td> <td>ìꝛ</td> <td>em̀</td> <td>ziχ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Acc. </th> <td>miχ</td> <td>diχ</td> <td>en</td> <td>zeī</td> <td>ət</td> <td>ziχ </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nom. </th> <td>mīꝛ</td> <td>īꝛ</td> <td colspan="3">zē </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gen. </th> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td colspan="3">–</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dat. </th> <td>os</td> <td>yχ</td> <td colspan="3">eǹə</td> <td>ziχ </td></tr> <tr> <th>Acc. </th> <td>os</td> <td>yχ</td> <td colspan="3">zē</td> <td>ziχ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ksh:"> Colognian edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergish_dialects" title="Bergish dialects">Bergish dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eifelplatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eifelplatt">Eifelplatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Ripuaria" title="Lex Ripuaria">Lex Ripuaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Dokumenta" title="Rheinische Dokumenta">Rheinische Dokumenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinelandic_regiolect" title="Rhinelandic regiolect">Rhinelandic regiolect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse-Rhenish" title="Meuse-Rhenish">Meuse-Rhenish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Ripuarisch</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ʁipuˈ(ʔ)aːʁɪʃ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/62\/De-ripuarisch.ogg\/De-ripuarisch.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-ripuarisch.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/De-ripuarisch.ogg/De-ripuarisch.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-ripuarisch.ogg" title="File:De-ripuarisch.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ripuarische Mundart</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ripuarischer Dialekt</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">ripuarisch-fränkische Mundart</i></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ribuarisch</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">ripuarisch</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ripyˈʋaːris]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/24\/Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg\/Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg/Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg" title="File:Nl-Ripuarisch.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> or <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">noordmiddelfrankisch</i></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/none">Ripuarian</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/ksh">Kölsch</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Erich Schmidt, Robert Möller, <i>Historisches Westdeutsch/Rheinisch (Moselfränkisch, Ripuarisch, Südniederfränkisch)</i>, sub-chapter <i>Das Ripuarische</i>; in: <i>Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt</i>, volume 30.4 of <i>Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft <small>(Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication)</small></i> (HSK), Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 529f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GdrfM-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GdrfM_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GdrfM_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch.</i> Bonn, 1904, p. 8ff. & p. 159f.<br /> Some symbols with their IPA equivalent are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%98" title="Ę">ę</a> - [ɛ]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">š</a> - [⁠ʃ⁠]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_rotunda" title="R rotunda">ꝛ</a> - ⁠[ʁ⁠]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">χ</a> - [ç]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> - [⁠x⁠]</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hans Bruchhausen und Heinz Feldhoff: Us Platt kalle un verstonn - Mundartwörterbuch Lützenkirchen-Quettingen. Bergisch Gladbach 2005. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87314-410-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-87314-410-7">3-87314-410-7</a></li> <li>Leo Lammert und Paul Schmidt: Neunkirchen-Seelscheider Sprachschatz, herausgegeben vom Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Neunkirchen-Seelscheid 2006. (ca. 7300 Wörter)</li> <li>Manfred Konrads: Wörter und Sachen im Wildenburger Ländchen, Rheinland-Verlag, Köln, 1981</li> <li>Maria Louise Denst: Olper Platt - Bergisches Mundart-Wörterbuch für Kürten-Olpe und Umgebung. Schriftenreihe des Bergischen Geschichtsvereins Abt. Rhein-Berg e. V. Band 29. Bergisch Gladbach 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-932326-29-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-932326-29-6">3-932326-29-6</a></li> <li>Theodor Branscheid (Hrsg): "Oberbergische Sprachproben. Mundartliches aus Eckenhagen und Nachbarschaft." Band 1, Eckenhagen, 1927.</li> <li>Heinrichs, Werner: Bergisch Platt - Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme, Selbstverlag, Burscheid, 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wenker" title="Georg Wenker">Georg Wenker</a>: <i>Das rheinische Platt</i>. 1877. <ul><li>Georg Wenker: <i>Das rheinische Platt</i>, (Sammlung deutsche Dialektgeographie Heft 8), Marburg, 1915.</li></ul></li> <li>Georg Cornelissen, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Honnen" title="Peter Honnen">Peter Honnen</a>, Fritz Langensiepen (editor): <i>Das rheinische Platt</i>. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Handbuch der rheinischen Mundarten Teil 1: Texte. Rheinland-Verlag, Köln. 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7927-0689-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-7927-0689-X">3-7927-0689-X</a></li> <li>Helmut Fischer: 'Wörterbuch der unteren Sieg. Rheinische Mundarten. Beiträge zur Volkssprache aus den rheinischen Landschaften Band 4. Rheinland Verlag, Köln, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7927-0783-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7927-0783-7">3-7927-0783-7</a></li> <li>Ludewig Rovenhagen: Wörterbuch der Aachener Mundart, Aachen, 1912.</li> <li>Prof. Dr. Will Herrmanns, Rudolf Lantin (editor): Aachener Sprachschatz. Wörterbuch der Aachener Mundart. Beiträge zur Kultur- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Aachens und Seiner Umgebung, Band 1. Im Auftrag des Vereins „Öcher Platt“ für den Druck überarbeitet und herausgegeben von Dr. Rudolf Lantin. 2 Bände. Verlag J. A. Mayer, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87519-011-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-87519-011-4">3-87519-011-4</a></li> <li>Adolf Steins: Grammatik des Aachener Dialekts. Herausgegeben von Klaus-Peter Lange. Rheinisches Archiv Band 141. Böhlau-Verlag, Kölle, Weimar, Wien, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-412-07698-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-412-07698-8">3-412-07698-8</a></li> <li>Dr. Karl Allgeier, Jutta Baumschulte, Meinolf Baumschulte, Richard Wolfgarten: Aachener Dialekt - Wortschatz, Öcher Platt - Hochdeutsch und Hochdeutsch - Öcher Platt. Öcher Platt e.V. Aachen, 2000.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dialects of <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Brabantian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Brabantian dialect">Brabantian</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Dutch_dialects" title="Central Dutch dialects">Central Dutch</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hollandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandic dialect">Hollandic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/East_Flemish" title="East Flemish">East Flemish</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kleverlandish" title="Kleverlandish">Kleverlandish</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Zeelandic" title="Zeelandic">Zeelandic</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Stadsfries_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadsfries dialects">Stadsfries</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Netherlands" title="English in the Netherlands">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_French" title="Belgian French">Belgian French</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Champenois_language" title="Champenois language">Champenois</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lorrain_language" title="Lorrain language">Lorrain</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_German_languages" title="High German languages">High German</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard High German</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ripuarian</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Low_Saxon" title="Northern Low Saxon">Northern Low Saxon</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gronings_dialect" title="Gronings dialect">Gronings</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Achterhooks" title="Achterhooks">Achterhoeks</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects" title="Drèents dialects">Drèents</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sallaans_dialect" title="Sallaans dialect">Sallands</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Stellingwarfs_dialect" title="Stellingwarfs dialect">Stellingwarfs</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tweants_dialect" title="Tweants dialect">Tweants</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Urkers_dialect" title="Urkers dialect">Urkers</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Veluws_dialect" title="Veluws dialect">Veluws</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish" title="Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Belgian_Sign_Language" title="French Belgian Sign Language">Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Sign_Language" title="Dutch Sign Language">Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium" title="Languages of Belgium">Languages of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Languages of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Luxembourg" title="Languages of Luxembourg">Languages of Luxembourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Germany" title="Template:Languages of Germany"><abbr 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional/minority<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_languages" title="Frisian languages">Frisian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Frisian_language" title="North Frisian language">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saterland_Frisian_language" title="Saterland Frisian language">Saterland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian language</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_German" title="Central German">Central German</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ripuarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moselle_Franconian_language" title="Moselle Franconian language">Moselle Franconian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_German" title="Upper Saxon German">Upper Saxon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_German" title="Upper German">Upper German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">German Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120322-7">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&oldid=1252466341">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ripuarian_language&oldid=1252466341</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ripuarian_language" title="Category:Ripuarian language">Ripuarian language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_Germanic_languages" title="Category:West Germanic languages">West Germanic 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