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","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":25},{"Title":"2 ","Pid":"PA2","PgNum":"2","Order":26},{"Title":"5 ","Pid":"PA3","PgNum":"3","Order":27},{"Title":"2 ","Pid":"PA14","PgNum":"14","Order":38},{"Title":"POWERING ","Pid":"PA21","PgNum":"21","Order":45},{"Title":"Extending Our Senses ","Pid":"PA37","PgNum":"37","Order":61},{"Title":"4 ","Pid":"PA46","PgNum":"46","Order":70},{"Title":"Clockwork of the Universe ","Pid":"PA67","PgNum":"67","Order":91},{"Title":"3 ","Pid":"PA72","PgNum":"72","Order":96},{"Title":"6 ","Pid":"PA76","PgNum":"76","Order":100},{"Title":"1 ","Pid":"PA91","PgNum":"91","Order":115},{"Title":"The Early History of Astronomy ","Pid":"PA95","PgNum":"95","Order":119},{"Title":"Cloud imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope ","Pid":"PA100","PgNum":"100","Order":124},{"Title":"4 ","Pid":"PA101","PgNum":"101","Order":125},{"Title":"3 ","Pid":"PA106","PgNum":"106","Order":130},{"Title":"Earth Moon and Their Relatives ","Pid":"PA119","PgNum":"119","Order":143},{"Title":"6 ","Pid":"PA156","PgNum":"156","Order":180},{"Title":"Windswept Giants ","Pid":"PA167","PgNum":"167","Order":191},{"Title":"4 ","Pid":"PA168","PgNum":"168","Order":192},{"Title":"Saturns Other Satellites ","Pid":"PA184","PgNum":"184","Order":208},{"Title":"Pluto Comets and Space Debris ","Pid":"PA197","PgNum":"197","Order":221},{"Title":"Our Solar System and Others ","Pid":"PA233","PgNum":"233","Order":257},{"Title":"6 ","Pid":"PA237","PgNum":"237","Order":261},{"Title":"The Sun ","Pid":"PA255","PgNum":"255","Order":279},{"Title":"11 ","Pid":"PA279","PgNum":"279","Order":303},{"Title":"Cosmic Furnaces ","Pid":"PA311","PgNum":"311","Order":335},{"Title":"1 ","Pid":"PA312","PgNum":"312","Order":336},{"Title":"2 ","Pid":"PA321","PgNum":"321","Order":345},{"Title":"Recycling ","Pid":"PA331","PgNum":"331","Order":355},{"Title":"The End of Space and Time ","Pid":"PA361","PgNum":"361","Order":385},{"Title":"Our Home in the Universe ","Pid":"PA383","PgNum":"383","Order":407},{"Title":"16 ","Pid":"PA407","PgNum":"407","Order":431},{"Title":"A Universe of Galaxies ","Pid":"PA413","PgNum":"413","Order":437},{"Title":"15 ","Pid":"PA429","PgNum":"429","Order":453},{"Title":"Quasars and Active Galaxies ","Pid":"PA451","PgNum":"451","Order":475},{"Title":"18 ","Pid":"PA473","PgNum":"473","Order":497},{"Title":"The Birth and Life of the Cosmos ","Pid":"PA477","PgNum":"477","Order":501},{"Title":"In the Beginning ","Pid":"PA509","PgNum":"509","Order":533},{"Title":"20 ","Pid":"PA537","PgNum":"537","Order":561},{"Title":"Life in the Universe ","Pid":"PA541","PgNum":"541","Order":565},{"Title":"Life ","Pid":"PA550","PgNum":"550","Order":574},{"Title":"Epilogue ","Pid":"PA559","PgNum":"559","Order":583},{"Title":"The Nearest Stars ","Pid":"PA566","PgNum":"566","Order":590},{"Title":"Glossary ","Pid":"PA575","PgNum":"575","Order":599},{"Title":"Index ","Pid":"PA585","PgNum":"585","Order":609},{"Title":"3 ","Pid":"PA587","PgNum":"587","Order":611}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR7","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":1471,"num_toc_pages":11,"quality_info":"We have no quality information about this book.","volume_id":"tZsoAAAAQBAJ","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA155\u0026q=http://www.cambridge.org\u0026clientid=ca-print-cambridge\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw2DFAKRMT8wRA3x2JFWikcJ\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eCambridge University Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":"2014","subject":"Science","num_pages":599,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"An exciting introduction to astronomy, the fourth edition of this book uses recent discoveries and stunning photography to inspire non-science majors about the universe and science. Written by two highly experienced and engaging instructors, each chapter has been fully updated, with more than 200 new images throughout, including recent images from space missions and the world's best observatories. Redesigned, streamlined pages highlight the breathtaking imagery. The text is organized as a series of stories, each presenting the history of the field, the observations made and how they fit within the process of science, our current understanding, and what future observations are planned. Math is provided in boxes and easily read around, making the book suitable for courses taking either mathematical or qualitative approaches. New discussion questions encourage students to think widely about astronomy and the role science plays in our everyday lives and podcasts for each chapter aid studying and comprehension.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA604","order":628,"title":"604"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DtZsoAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DNASA%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA155","flags":8,"order":179,"vq":"NASA"}]},null,{"number_of_results":92,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR10","page_number":"x","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / Malin Space Science Systems A self - portrait mosaic image of Curiosity , the lander of \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Science Laboratory , with Gale Crater\u0026#39;s Mount Sharp at background right . Star Party 5.1 : Prograde and\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR10\u0026vq=NASA"},{"page_id":"PR11","page_number":"xi","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Cassini spacecraft in 2012 . Jay M. Pasachoff , Glenn Schneider , and colleagues / STScI / \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / ESA Jupiter with the Hubble Space Telescope , a composite of an ultraviolet and an infrared image made as part of one of the\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR11\u0026vq=NASA"},{"page_id":"PR21","page_number":"xxi","snippet_text":"Astronomy in the New Millennium Jay M. Pasachoff, Alex Filippenko. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / Space Science Institute Saturn\u0026#39;s moons Titan and , smaller , Dione through its haze , with Saturn\u0026#39;s disk and rings in the background from \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA12","page_number":"12","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA NASA\u003c/b\u003e Jay M. Pasachoff Jay M. Pasachoff O \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech insets Venus Sun Mercury. Jay M. Pasachoff 1995 David Scharf A CLOSER LOOK 1.1 Let us try to get a sense of the scale of the Universe , starting with sizes that are part\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA13","page_number":"13","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e scientific investigations is Structure and. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech A Sense of Scale : Measuring Distances ( continued ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute 1,000,000 km = 10 \u0026#39; m = 3.3 lt sec ACL 1.1 - g When we have receded 100\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA14","page_number":"14","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e A Sense of Scale : Measuring Distances ( continued ) Margaret Geller and John Huchra , Harvard - Smithsonian ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Origins program has three official major scientific goals : ( 1 ) to understand how galaxies formed early\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA49","page_number":"49","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Johnson Space Center FIGURE 3-22 Astronaut John Grunsfeld works on the Hubble Space Telescope during the 2009 servicing mission when the Wide Field Camera 3 was installed and the Advanced Camera for Surveys was restored to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA51","page_number":"51","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e mission , is located a million kilome- ters upward toward the Sun , for constant viewing of all parts of the ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Solar Dynamics Observatory ( SDO ) , launched in 2010. One of its instruments , the Atmospheric Imaging\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA52","page_number":"52","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e current and best x - ray telescope is called the Chandra X - ray Observatory , named after a scientist ( S. Chandrasekhar ; see Chapter 13 ) who made important studies of white dwarfs and black holes . It was launched in 1999. It\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA53","page_number":"53","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Galaxy Evolution. Eastman Kodak Y - rays X - rays M Ultra- violet light Infrared Radio 0.01 Å 0.1 Å 1 Å 10 Å 100 Å 100 um 1000 km 1 mm 1 cm 10 cm 100 cm ( a ) ( b ) Goodrich Corp. , Optical and Space Systems Division \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e NuSTAR\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA55","page_number":"55","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Far Ultraviolet Spectrographic Explorer ( FUSE ) took high - resolution spectra largely in order to study the origin of the elements in the Universe . Starting in 2003 , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) sent back\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA62","page_number":"62","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e now - defunct Compton Gamma Ray Observatory provided data at the highest energies ( Sec . 3.8a ) . The Chandra X - ray Observatory , one of \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e “ Great Observatories , \u0026quot; has been an outstanding success . The Hubble Space\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA73","page_number":"73","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / Goddard Space Flight Center , courtesy of Joe Gurman . Outer image : Naval Research Laboratory and \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e . SOHO is a joint project of \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e and the European Space Agency FIGURE 4-8 A compound image of a solar eclipse . The disk of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA96","page_number":"96","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech | FIGURE 5–1 A composite of spacecraft images of the Solar System\u0026#39;s 8 planets : Mercury , Venus ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Galileo spacecraft sent back detailed images of Jupiter and most of its many moons . Saturn , with its\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA118","page_number":"118","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e space views of the inner planets , plus the Earth\u0026#39;s Moon , with the Sun\u0026#39;s edge at extreme left . We see an approach image of Mercury from \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e MESSENGER spacecraft , which has been in orbit around Mercury since 2011 ; Venus in a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA120","page_number":"120","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e MESSENGER spacecraft , which went into orbit around it in 2011 , has detected a variety of particles surrounding it . Our understanding of Mercury is changing rapidly thanks to findings from MESSENGER , even early in its mission\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA123","page_number":"123","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e B A Jay M. Pasachoff \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e. Jay M. Pasachoff Natural Resources Canada , Geological Survey of Canada 110 ° W 2007 2001 1994 19621 1984 1973 1948 1904 1831 70 ° N 90 ° W 80 ° N Natural Resources Canada , Geological Survey of Canada 80\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA126","page_number":"126","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Moon Low tide ( as at the surface between point B and us ) High tide ( as at points A and C ) | FIGURE 6–8 ( a ) ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard. Temperature ( K ) global data and to predict how the atmosphere will behave . The equa- tions\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA128","page_number":"128","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center 1981 http://earthobservatory.\u003cb\u003enasa\u003c/b\u003e.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=49874 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS ) , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center 1986 1991 1996 2001 2005 2011 2010 2011 I FIGURE 6-11 The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA129","page_number":"129","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / University of lowa \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / UC Berkeley ( c ) Outter Belt 12,000-25,000 miles GPS Satellites 12,500 miles Geosynchronous Orbit ( GSO ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Solar Dynamics Observatory 22,000 miles FIGURE 6-12 The outer Van Allen belt contains\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA131","page_number":"131","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Johnson Space Center Ti \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Johnson Space Center elements inside ) that volcanism began . Lava flowed onto the lunar surface and filled the largest basins that resulted from the earlier bombardment , thus forming the maria\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA133","page_number":"133","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Ames Research Center FIGURE 6-18 The far side of the Moon from Lunar Reconnaissance Observatory , a mosaic of ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ( b ) ( c ) U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and \u003cb\u003eNASA NASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Ames Research Center FIGURE 6-19 ( a ) An\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA134","page_number":"134","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e fuel - monitoring methods . \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Ames Research Center \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e plans a Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Ames Research Center ( a ) FIGURE 6-20 Scientist - astronaut Harrison Schmitt , the only geologist to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA135","page_number":"135","snippet_text":"Astronomy in the New Millennium Jay M. Pasachoff, Alex Filippenko. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e plans a Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer ( LADEE ) for 2013. In 2017 , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e / Canada\u0026#39;s Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar Volatile\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA139","page_number":"139","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e spacecraft flew right by Mercury . ( See A Closer Look 6.4 : Naming the Features of Mercury . ) The tenth in the series of Mariner spacecraft launched by the United States went to Mercury with a variety of instruments on board\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA140","page_number":"140","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e MESSENGER spacecraft . At left , a mosaic of thousands of individual images , each taken with a resolution of ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Carnegie Institute of Science ( a ) Applied\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA147","page_number":"147","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech ( b ) ESA / CNR - IASF , Rome , Italy , and Observatoire de Paris , France FIGURE 6-41 ( a ) ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Pioneer Venus , the Soviet Venera 15/16 , and \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Magellan spacecraft were in orbit around Venus\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA151","page_number":"151","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Odyssey, \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and ESA\u0026#39;s Mars Express are currently orbiting the planet. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Curiosity, a much larger and more capable rover than the Spirit and Opportunity rovers, landed in Gale Crater on\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA152","page_number":"152","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech and Malin Space Science Systems. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / University of Arizona / Texas A \u0026amp; M University ( a ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech and Malin Space Science Systems ( c ) ( b ) Arizona State University THEMES Science\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA153","page_number":"153","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / University of Arizona / Los Alamos National Laboratories ( a ) ( b ) | FIGURE 6–51 ( a ) Layered rock , apparently sedimentary , imaged with Mars Global Surveyor , an enlargement of the box shown in ( b ) . ᄆ \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA154","page_number":"154","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Odyssey , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Reconnaissance Observer , and ESA\u0026#39;s Mars Express , map the weather there even better . The 2001 Mars Odyssey records narrow strips of Mars\u0026#39;s surface at exceedingly high resolution ( □□ Fig . 6–54 )\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA155","page_number":"155","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e tiny Pathfinder rover won the hearts of Internet downloaders around the world , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e landed a pair of Mars Exploration Rovers in early 2004. Named by a 9 - year - old schoolgirl in a contest run by The Planetary Society and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA157","page_number":"157","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e participation . \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e plans the InSight ( Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations , Geodesy and Heat Transport ) lander for 2016 and a rover for 2020 . 6.5d Mars\u0026#39;s Satellites Two small moons orbiting Mars were discovered\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA158","page_number":"158","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e I FIGURE 6-57 Structures in the \u0026quot; Mars meteorite , \u0026quot; seen with a special kind of microscope , are thought by a ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Phoenix Mission , the first of its smaller , lower - cost series of spacecraft known as Scouts , landed\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA159","page_number":"159","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / ASU / UA ( b ) Curiosity Projected landing : between August 6 and August 20 , 2012 Duration ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Odyssey orbiter and the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter , with\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA160","page_number":"160","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter , shows detail as small as 7 m ( 22 feet ) per pixel . containing intriguing evidence for hydrated materials ( clays and sulfates ) . At the base of the mound , orbiters have detected signa- tures of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA170","page_number":"170","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / University of Arizona ( a ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e , ESA , and E. Karkoschka ( University of Arizona ) ( b ) that life may exist , as we will discuss in Section 7.1g ( ii ) . ) The Cassini spacecraft flew by Jupiter , en route to Saturn\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA171","page_number":"171","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech Jay Pasachoff , Glenn Schneider , and colleagues / \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / STScI FIGURE 7-5 ( a ) Jupiter in August 2012 from the Hubble Space Telescope , in a color composite made from a pair of ultraviolet and infrared images as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA172","page_number":"172","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory ( a ) Liquid molecular hydrogen Jupiter\u0026#39;s winds were stronger than expected and increased with depth , which shows that the energy that drives them comes from below\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA173","page_number":"173","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e /. Mark Showalter , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Ames Research Center | FIGURE 7–8 Jupiter\u0026#39;s ring ( overexposed ) , with Jupiter\u0026#39;s moon Europa behind it . The Galileo spacecraft was looking at light scattered forward through the ring , and at the side\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA174","page_number":"174","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech ( b ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech ( c ) I FIGURE 7-11 ( a ) lo , from the Galileo spacecraft , when lo was in Jupiter\u0026#39;s shadow . This false - color image uses red to show the brightest features , with the intensity range\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA175","page_number":"175","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech FIGURE 7-13 Ganymede , Jupiter\u0026#39;s largest satellite . Many impact craters , some with systems of bright rays , are visible . The large , dark region has been named Galileo Regio . Low - albedo features on satellites\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA176","page_number":"176","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute Table 7-2 Comparative. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech FIGURE 7-15 The side of Callisto that leads in its orbit around Jupiter , imaged from the Galileo spacecraft . ( Callisto and the other Galilean satellites\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA177","page_number":"177","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Cassini spacecraft . The original digital image can be blown up to wall size without showing noticeable fuzziness . of rock and iron , which would be denser . Amalthea , and presumably other irregular satellites , seems to have\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA178","page_number":"178","snippet_text":"... ( \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / Ames ) , L. Dones ( SwRi ) , and J. Lissauer ( \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / Ames ) ( a ) FIGURE 7-18 ( a ) Saturn , from the Hubble Space Telescope , in a series of views over a five - year period . ( b ) These auroras on Saturn , seen in Hubble\u0026#39;s\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA179","page_number":"179","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute ( a. May 2005 Prometheus Janus Pan * Atlas * Methone * Pallene Pandora Epimetheus Mimas Telesto * Calypso * Polydeuces * Helene * Enceladus Tethys Rhea Hyperion lapetus Phoebe Titan Janus Epimetheus\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA180","page_number":"180","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute I FIGURE 7-20 The several rings we see from Earth break up into thousands upon ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech ( b ) 60 50 40 30 20 10 Latitude 0 -10 -20 -30 courtesy of A. Sánchez - Lavega\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA182","page_number":"182","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / ESA / University of Arizona \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / ASI / ESA and USGS / ESA Henry G. Roe , I. de Pater . B. A. Macintosh , and C.P. McKay , University of California at Berkeley , with the Gillett Gemini Telescope\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA183","page_number":"183","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute FIGURE ACL 7.4-3 Mimas ( about 200 km in radius , though not quite round ) has an impact crater named Herschel , after the discoverer of Uranus . The crater , which makes Mimas resemble Star Wars\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA184","page_number":"184","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute ( a ) penetrated 15 cm into the surface , but it apparently had to break ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Space Science Institute ( a ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech ( b. 184 CHAPTER\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA189","page_number":"189","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech FIGURE 7-36 Neptune , from Voyager 2 , with its Great Dark Spot , a giant storm in Neptune\u0026#39;s atmosphere . \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech FIGURE 7-37 The Great Dark Spot , as seen by Voyager in 1989. It was about the size of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA199","page_number":"199","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e 90 ° Pluto • Hubble Space Telescope ACS / HRC. Keith S. Noll , STScI , and \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ( a ) FIGURE 8-4 An artist\u0026#39;s conception showing Pluto and Charon as they might appear if we were on the surface of one of that system\u0026#39;s smaller moons\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA210","page_number":"210","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / STScI 8.3e Recently Observed Comets In 1995 , Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp independently found a faint comet ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Deep Space 1 mission flew close to Comet 19P / Borrelly in 2001. It obtained more detailed images of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA211","page_number":"211","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ( a ) ( b ) ( c ) W. M. Keck Observatory / Inke de Pater , James Graham , Garrett Jernigan ( University of ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Deep Impact spacecraft crashed a 370 - kg projectile into Comet Tempel 1 in 2005. The remainder of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA213","page_number":"213","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech FIGURE 8-23 Comet Borrelly ( 19P ) , 8 km long , viewed by \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Deep Space 1 probe . ( a ) Seen from a distance of only 3,500 km , a variety of terrains is visible , including mountains and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA214","page_number":"214","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / UMD A CLOSER LOOK 8.2 On July 4 , 2005 , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Deep Impact spacecraft went right up to Comet Tempel 1 , also known as 9P , the ninth periodic comet on astronomers \u0026#39; official list . The comet is 14 km by 4 km in size . The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA222","page_number":"222","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL / Caltech I FIGURE 8-33 ( a ) ( 951 ) Gaspra , in this high - resolution image taken by the Galileo spacecraft , looks like a fragment of a larger body . The illuminated part seen here is 16 km by 12 km in size . Galileo\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA223","page_number":"223","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Dawn spacecraft . ( a ) An overall view of Vesta shows not only many craters but also a set of grooves parallel to the equator . ( b ) A crater on Vesta , taken from only 700 km above it , has a high resolution of 65 m per pixel\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA230","page_number":"230","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Messenger mission [ b ] \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Pioneer mission [ c ] \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Viking Orbiter [ d ] \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Galileo mission [ e ] \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Cassini mission [ f ] \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Voyager mission [ g ] \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Dawn mission [ h ] Graphic art by Thales Alenia Space\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA231","page_number":"231","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars rover Curiosity carries a Mastcam , a camera held high on a vertical mast , to photograph the Martian ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / Malin Space Science Systems \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / Malin Space Science Systems C A sample\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA239","page_number":"239","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Cassini mission en route to Saturn , of Neptune from Voyager 2 , and an image of Earth from \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Suomi NPP ( National Polar - orbiting Partnership ) mission , launched in 2011 to study Earth\u0026#39;s ozone layer , appear at their\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA241","page_number":"241","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e had received a proposal for a small spacecraft to monitor the brightnesses of about 150,000 stars all the time to look for tran- sits , but at first the reviewers had been skeptical that it would work . Still , in 2009 , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA243","page_number":"243","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech ( e ) Mars KOI- 961.03 KOI- 961.02 KOI- 961.01 Kepler - 20e Earth Kepler - 20f Joshua Carter , Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics / \u003cb\u003eNASA NASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech ( g ) KOI 961 Planet 02 01 Jupiter and Its 4\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA245","page_number":"245","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e , ESA , P. Kalas , J. Graham , E. Chiang , and E. Kite ( University of California , Berkeley ) , M. Clampin ( \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt , Md . ) , M. Fitzgerald ( Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA247","page_number":"247","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e I FIGURE 9-15 The first images ever of an exoplanet . This giant object orbits a brown dwarf at a distance of ... ( \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center ) , and STScI , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e (c) –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 Stellocentric Distance."},{"page_id":"PA253","page_number":"253","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Ames Research Center / JPL - Caltech / \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Planets and orbits to scale Solar System Of the five confirmed exoplanets around the star Kepler - 62 , two seem to be in the habitable zone , as least as it is defined with our\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA260","page_number":"260","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on SDO has imaged the corona at even more wavelengths every 12 seconds ! By looking through filters that pass only light given off by gas at a very high temperature , the spacecraft can make images of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA261","page_number":"261","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ( d ) Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab , Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory , and \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e SDO AIA ( 4500 A ) 24 - Jan - 2012 18 : 00 : 08.400 11402 11408 114011407 11409 11408 -500 0 x ( arcsecs ) white light 4,500 Å\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA262","page_number":"262","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e -500 -1000 -1000 -500 0 X ( arcsecs ) 500 1000 □ FIGURE 10–13 A spectrum of the prominences, chromosphere, and ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Solar Dynamics Observatory in space , and from other instruments in space and on the ground at about\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA263","page_number":"263","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e SDO HI - C Jonathan Certain ( \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e MSFC ) and Leon Golub ( Harvard - Smithsonian CfA / Hi - C team / \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ) Alan Title , Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center , and Leon Golub , Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA268","page_number":"268","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / MSFC 2012/04 \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Marshall Space Flight Center / David Hathaway NUMBER OF FE XIV EMISSION REGIONS . 189 - DAY AVERAGE M ? POLESIM O THE POLES \u0026quot; 0 CYCLE 21 CYCLE 22 CYCLE CYCLE 24 M2 Richard Altrock , National Solar Observatory\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA270","page_number":"270","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center STEREO Team / \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center STEREO Behind COR2 2010-07-11 20:09:58 filaments are seen threading their way for up to 100,000 km across the Sun , often in the vicinity of sunspots\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA332","page_number":"332","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / ESA / HEIC , and the Hubble Heritage Team STScI / AURA ( a ) ( b ) Hubble Heritage Team ( AURA / STScI / \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ) 13.1 THE DEATH OF THE SUN Though the details can vary , most solitary ( that is , single ) stars containing less than\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA335","page_number":"335","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / SAO / CXC / Chandra X - ray 15 FIGURE 13-6 ( a ) Sirius A with its companion white dwarf Sirius B appearing as a faint dot nearby . ( Ignore the four main spikes and many fainter ones , which are an artifact . ) Sirius A and B\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA345","page_number":"345","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / CXC / NCSU / S.Reynolds et al . \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / CSC / SAO | FIGURE 13–18 ( a ) Tycho\u0026#39;s supernova remnant , expanding since 1572 , gives off gamma rays ( magenta ) , as imaged from \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Fermi Gamma - ray Space Telescope . Also shown\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA371","page_number":"371","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / CXC / U . Amsterdam / Simone Migliari and Rob Fender ( University of Amsterdam ) and Mariano Mendez ( National Institute for Space Research , SRON ) could deduce that the probable mass of the compact object is about 16 solar\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA372","page_number":"372","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / SAO / CXC / M . Garcia et al . I FIGURE 14-19 A Chandra X - ray Observatory view of a tiny region at the core of the Andromeda Galaxy . A hotter object 10 light - years north of ( that is , slightly above ) the relatively cool\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA374","page_number":"374","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e launched a satellite , Swift , to discover gamma - ray bursts and rapidly turn toward them , obtaining accurate ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e High - Energy Transient Explorer 2 , since 2008 with the Fermi satellite , and with 7 other current\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA384","page_number":"384","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e partici- pates in the project . The Herschel Space Observatory , with a mirror 3.5 m in diameter , is currently the largest telescope in space , and will remain so until the launch not before 2018 of \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e James Webb Space\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA392","page_number":"392","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e series of Great Observatories , including the Compton Gamma - Ray Observatory ( now defunct ) , the Chandra X - ray Observatory , and the Hubble Space Telescope . As we previ- ously saw , the European Space Agency\u0026#39;s Herschel\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA414","page_number":"414","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / JPL - Caltech / R . Kennicut ( University of Arizona ) / DSS ( a ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / CXC / SAO / R . DiStefano et al . ( b ) 16.1 THE DISCOVERY OF GALAXIES In the 1770s , the French astronomer Charles Messier was interested in discovering\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA421","page_number":"421","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Galaxy Evolution Explorer ( GALEX ) , launched in 2003 , was a small satellite that studied galax- ies and surveyed the sky in the ultraviolet . When its \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e support ended in 2012 , it was turned over to Caltech , under whose\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA452","page_number":"452","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Such nuclei are also often very powerful at other wavelengths , such as x - rays , ultraviolet , and radio . These galaxies are called \u0026quot; active \u0026quot; to distinguish them from normal galaxies , and their luminous centers are known as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA463","page_number":"463","snippet_text":"Astronomy in the New Millennium Jay M. Pasachoff, Alex Filippenko. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Goddard Space Flight Center ( a ) Gamma - ray emissions Milky Way X - ray emissions 50,000 light - years Sun ( b ) \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / DOE / Fermi LAT / D. Finkbeiner et al\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA471","page_number":"471","snippet_text":"Astronomy in the New Millennium Jay M. Pasachoff, Alex Filippenko. \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e / STScI / D . Turnshek ( a ) Image B Quasar Image A \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e , ESA , A. Bolton ( Harvard - Smithsonian CfA ) and the SLACS Team ( a ) Galaxy Jacqueline N. Hewitt ( MIT )\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA498","page_number":"498","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ( c ) Magnitude 25 24 ( d ) 23 SN 1997cj V Z = 0.50 Magnitude 26 26 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time ( days ) 24 24 25 233 ( b ) 28 April 1997 7 April 1997 Peter Garnavich , Notre Dame , and the High - z Supernova Search Team , and \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e HST\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA518","page_number":"518","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;S\u003c/b\u003e COBE spacecraft , launched in 1990 , was superseded by the even better mapping from \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e WMAP spacecraft , launched in 2001. Now the fantastic map released in 2013 , made with the European Space Agency\u0026#39;s Planck spacecraft\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA542","page_number":"542","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e continues to explore Mars with robotic spacecraft and one day should have a more sophisticated biology lab ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Mars Science Laboratory\u0026#39;s rover , Curiosity , is extending the search for conditions favorable for life on\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA573","page_number":"573","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e Remarkable Expeditions to the Ends of the Solar System ( New York : Simon and Schuster , 2001 ) . Kenneth Lang , The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System , 2nd ed . ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2011 ) . Nick Lomb\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA574","page_number":"574","snippet_text":"... ( \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e , 2010 ) . Large print / Braille text with tactile color images . Noreen Grice , Simon Steel , and Doris Daou , Touch the Invisible Sky : A Multi - wavelength Braille Book Featuring Tactile \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Images ( San Juan , PR : Ozone\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA593","page_number":"593","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ) , 284 , 392 , 469 Wide - Field Infrared Survey Telescope ( WFIRST , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ) , 445 \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e - Canada - Japan Terra MODIS ( Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ) , 118 \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Infrared Telescope Facility ( IRTF ) , 43 , 59 , 66\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA593\u0026vq=NASA"},{"page_id":"PA599","page_number":"599","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e Origins program , 11 , 14–15 non - expanding model , 478 overall geometry of , 515 post - big bang supercooling ... \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ) , 284 , 392 , 469 Wide - Field Infrared Survey Telescope ( WFIRST , \u003cb\u003eNASA\u003c/b\u003e ) , 445 Wien\u0026#39;s law , 24 Wild 2\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tZsoAAAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA599\u0026vq=NASA"}],"search_query_escaped":"NASA"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>