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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalmukker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 66 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukker" title="Kalmukker – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalmukker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmucker" title="Kalmucker – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalmucker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmiki%C3%ABrs" title="Kalmikiërs – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalmikiërs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="قلميقيون – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلميقيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucos" title="Calmucos – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Calmucos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_calmucu" title="Pueblu calmucu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu calmucu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C4%B1klar" title="Kalmıklar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalmıklar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کالمیک‌لار – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالمیک‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡалмыҡтар – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡалмыҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Калмыкі – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калмыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калмики – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калмики" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Хальмагууд – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хальмагууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucs" title="Calmucs – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calmucs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%C4%83%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Калмăксем – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калмăксем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmykov%C3%A9" title="Kalmykové – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalmykové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C3%BCcken" title="Kalmücken – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalmücken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C3%B5kid" title="Kalmõkid – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kalmõkid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Καλμούκοι – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλμούκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kalmyks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_calmuco" title="Pueblo calmuco – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo calmuco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukoj" title="Kalmukoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalmukoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmuk" title="Kalmuk – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalmuk" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="قالمیق‌ها – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قالمیق‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmouks" title="Kalmouks – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kalmouks" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_calmuco" title="Pobo calmuco – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo calmuco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyk-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Kalmyk-chhu̍k – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kalmyk-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B3" title="Хальмг – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хальмг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%AF%B8%ED%81%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="칼미크인 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼미크인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կալմիկներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալմիկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmici" title="Kalmici – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalmici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kalmyk" title="Orang Kalmyk – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kalmyk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucchi" title="Calmucchi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calmucchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ყალმუხები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყალმუხები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қалмақтар – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қалмақтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмактар – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калмактар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8C" title="Къалмукь – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къалмукь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucci" title="Calmucci – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calmucci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmiki" title="Kalmiki – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalmiki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukai" title="Kalmukai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalmukai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalm%C3%BCk%C3%B6k" title="Kalmükök – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalmükök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Халимаг ястан – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Халимаг ястан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukken" title="Kalmukken – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalmukken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="カルムイク人 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルムイク人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="ГӀалмакхой – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀалмакхой" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalmoqlar" title="Qalmoqlar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qalmoqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%82mucy" title="Kałmucy – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kałmucy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmucos" title="Calmucos – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calmucos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calmuci" title="Calmuci – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calmuci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калмыки – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калмыки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмыктар – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Калмыктар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kalmyks" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmyci" title="Kalmyci – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalmyci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmiki" title="Kalmiki – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalmiki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%82myki" title="Kałmyki – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kałmyki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Калмици – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калмици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmici" title="Kalmici – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalmici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmukit" title="Kalmukit – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalmukit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கல்மிக்குகள் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்மிக்குகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмыклар – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калмыклар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmuklar" title="Kalmuklar – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kalmuklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калмыктар – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Калмыктар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калмики – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калмики" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Kalmyk" title="Người Kalmyk – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Kalmyk" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="卡尔梅克人 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡尔梅克人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="卡爾梅克人 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡爾梅克人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigert fra «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukkene&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmukkene">Kalmukkene</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kalmyks_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kalmyks_02.jpg/250px-Kalmyks_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kalmyks_02.jpg/375px-Kalmyks_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Kalmyks_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Tradisjonelle kalmukkiske dansere.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kalmukkene</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kalmykisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmykisk">kalmykisk</a>: Хальмгуд, <i>Hal'mgud</i>; <a href="/wiki/Mongolsk" title="Mongolsk">mongolsk</a>: Халимаг, <i>Khalimag</i>) er en <a href="/wiki/Etnisk_gruppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnisk gruppe">etnisk gruppe</a> av <a href="/wiki/Mongoler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongoler">mongolsk opphav</a>, og er navnet på <a href="/wiki/Oirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Oirat">oirater</a> i Russland. Fram til slutten av 1500-tallet holdt til i <a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Dzungaria</a> i dagens <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> i nordvestlige <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>. Ved begynnelsen av <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a> vandret mange til <a href="/wiki/Det_kaspiske_hav" title="Det kaspiske hav">Det kaspiske hav</a>, der de fordrev <a href="/wiki/Nogai-horden" class="mw-redirect" title="Nogai-horden">nogajene</a> og dannet et <a href="/wiki/Khanat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanat">khanat</a>. Ved begynnelse av <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a> fordrev russerne kalmukkene fra <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>-området og Det kaspiske hav, noe som hindret dem i å drive med fiske, og de gikk over til <a href="/wiki/Nomade" title="Nomade">nomadisk</a> fedrift. Under russisk innflytelse ble kalmukkene <a href="/wiki/Sedentisme" title="Sedentisme">sedentære</a>, og tok opp jordbruk. </p><p>De fleste buddhistene i Russland bor i <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a>. Kalmukker er tradisjonelt buddhister, noe som gjenspeiles i Kalmykias statsreligion - den eneste buddhistiske regjeringen i Europa. Via utvandring har små samfunn blitt etablert i USA, Frankrike, Tyskland og Tsjekkia.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Til sammen finnes det rundt 184 000 hvorav rundt 183 372 i Russland.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukker&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukker&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nupi.no/cgi-win//Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Kalmykian">«Kalmyks»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213350/http://www2.nupi.no/cgi-win//Russland/etnisk_b.exe?Kalmykian">Arkivert</a> 27. september 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., NUPI – Centre for Russian Studies</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=14129&rog3=RS">«Kalmyk-Oirat, Western Mongul in Russia»</a>. <i>Joshuaproject.net</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukker&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukker&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bormanshinov, Arash (1990): <i>The Kalmyks: Their Ethnic, Historical, Religious, and Cultural Background</i>, Kalmyk American Cultural Association, Occasional Papers Number One.</li> <li>Grin, François (2000): <i>Kalmykia: From Oblivion to Assertion</i>, European Center or Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper #10.</li> <li>Haslund, Henning (1935): <i>Men and Gods in Mongolia</i>, National Travel Club, New York, E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukker&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalmukker&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140118064901/http://www.minorityrights.org/2497/russian-federation/kalmyks.html">Kalmyks</a>, <i>Minorityrights.org</i></li> <li><a href="//www.ethnologue.com/language/xal" class="extiw" title="ethnologue:xal">Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Russia (Europe)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/4580467.stm">Regions and Territories: Kalmykia</a>, <i>BBC News </i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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