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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i 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</form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Ingenj%C3%B6r" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Ingenj%C3%B6r" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Ingenj%C3%B6r" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Ingenj%C3%B6r" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Olika_sorters_ingenjör" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olika_sorters_ingenjör"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Olika sorters ingenjör</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olika_sorters_ingenjör-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi_och_historik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi_och_historik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymologi och historik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi_och_historik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yrkestitel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yrkestitel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Yrkestitel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yrkestitel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utbildning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utbildning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utbildning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utbildning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Utbildning</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utbildning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankrike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankrike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Frankrike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankrike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teknisk_officer_i_Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teknisk_officer_i_Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Teknisk officer i Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teknisk_officer_i_Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facklig_organisation_i_Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facklig_organisation_i_Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Facklig organisation i Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facklig_organisation_i_Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andra_organisationer_i_Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andra_organisationer_i_Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Andra organisationer i Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andra_organisationer_i_Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ingenjör</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 96 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieur" title="Ingenieur – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ingenieur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="مهندس – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مهندس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9A%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܡܚܪܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܚܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="অভিযন্তা – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অভিযন্তা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="প্রকৌশলী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রকৌশলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang-t%C3%AAng-su" title="Kang-têng-su – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kang-têng-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Інжынер – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інжынер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjer" title="Inženjer – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Inženjer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijinour" title="Ijinour – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ijinour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginyer" title="Enginyer – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enginyer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriannydd" title="Peiriannydd – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peiriannydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8r" title="Ingeniør – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ingeniør" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieur" title="Ingenieur – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ingenieur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insener" title="Insener – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Insener" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Engineer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniero" title="Ingeniero – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C4%9Deniero" title="Inĝeniero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Inĝeniero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniari" title="Ingeniari – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeniari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="مهندس – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nieur" title="Ingénieur – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ingénieur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngenieur" title="Yngenieur – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yngenieur" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innleadair" title="Innleadair – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innleadair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="공학자 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공학자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injiniyoyi" title="Injiniyoyi – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Injiniyoyi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enehana" title="Enehana – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Enehana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अभियन्ता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अभियन्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjer" title="Inženjer – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Inženjer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injenioro" title="Injenioro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Injenioro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasawan" title="Rekayasawan – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rekayasawan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegnere" title="Ingegnere – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ingegnere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1" title="מהנדס – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהנדס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insinyur" title="Insinyur – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Insinyur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghenieru" title="Inghenieru – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Inghenieru" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="اِنٛجیٖنَر – kashmiriska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنٛجیٖنَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhandisi" title="Mhandisi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mhandisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzeniele" title="Nzeniele – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Nzeniele" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenieris" title="Inženieris – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inženieris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieur" title="Ingenieur – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ingenieur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEinierius" title="Inžinierius – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Inžinierius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9rn%C3%B6k" title="Mérnök – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mérnök" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अभियन्ता – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अभियन्ता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injeniera" title="Injeniera – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Injeniera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%BB" title="യന്ത്രവിദഗ്ദ്ധൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യന്ത്രവിദഗ്ദ്ധൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अभियंता – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अभियंता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="مهندس – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مهندس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurutera" title="Jurutera – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jurutera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဂျင်နီယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieur" title="Ingenieur – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ingenieur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अभियन्ता – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अभियन्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" title="工学者 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="工学者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injen%C3%B6%C3%B6r" title="Injenöör – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Injenöör" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8r" title="Ingeniør – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ingeniør" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeni%C3%B8r" title="Ingeniør – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ingeniør" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhandis" title="Muhandis – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhandis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਜੀਨੀਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အိဉ်စိဉ်နီယာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိဉ်စိဉ်နီယာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BCynier" title="Inżynier – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inżynier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenheiro" title="Engenheiro – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenheiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inginer" title="Inginer – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inginer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illikacha" title="K'illikacha – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'illikacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingineer" title="Ingineer – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ingineer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxhinieri" title="Inxhinieri – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inxhinieri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D" title="ඉංජිනේරුවෝ – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංජිනේරුවෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Engineer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenir" title="Inženir – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Inženir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjerneer" title="Enjerneer – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Enjerneer" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ئەندازیار – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازیار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инжењер – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инжењер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenjer" title="Inženjer – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Inženjer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insinyur" title="Insinyur – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Insinyur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insin%C3%B6%C3%B6ri" title="Insinööri – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Insinööri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பொறியாளர் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொறியாளர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Инженер – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инженер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇంజనీర్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంజనీర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="วิศวกร – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิศวกร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Муҳандис – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳандис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginiara" title="Enginiara – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Enginiara" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BChendis" title="Mühendis – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mühendis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Інженер – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інженер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="انجینئر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انجینئر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegnere" title="Ingegnere – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ingegnere" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B9_s%C6%B0" title="Kỹ sư – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỹ sư" 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mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_(Milano)_(Pietro_Magni).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_%28Milano%29_%28Pietro_Magni%29.JPG/250px-Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_%28Milano%29_%28Pietro_Magni%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_%28Milano%29_%28Pietro_Magni%29.JPG/375px-Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_%28Milano%29_%28Pietro_Magni%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_%28Milano%29_%28Pietro_Magni%29.JPG/500px-Leonardo_in_piazza_della_Scala_%28Milano%29_%28Pietro_Magni%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1770" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> på Piazza della Scala i <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milano</a>. Staty av Pietro Magni.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ingenjör</b> är en titel för <a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">professionella</a> utövare av <a href="/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rsvetenskap" title="Ingenjörsvetenskap">ingenjörskonst</a>, som i sitt yrke utvecklar, designar, bygger och testar <a href="/wiki/Maskin" title="Maskin">maskiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komplexa_system" title="Komplexa system">komplexa system</a>, strukturer och <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">material</a> för att uppfylla ställda krav samtidigt som hänsyn ges till säkerhet och kostnad.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> För att få <a href="/wiki/Titel" title="Titel">titulera</a> sig ingenjör krävs i många <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europeiska länder</a> en femårig <a href="/wiki/Universitetsexamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitetsexamen">universitetsexamen</a> på avancerad nivå, som ofta avslutas med ett större <a href="/wiki/Examensarbete" title="Examensarbete">projekt</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Examen" title="Examen">avhandling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Sverige motsvaras detta av en <a href="/wiki/Civilingenj%C3%B6r" title="Civilingenjör">civilingenjörsexamen</a>. Ingenjörers arbete utgör länken mellan <a href="/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap">vetenskapliga upptäckter</a> och deras tillämpning på behov i samhället. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Olika_sorters_ingenjör"><span id="Olika_sorters_ingenj.C3.B6r"></span>Olika sorters ingenjör</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Olika sorters ingenjör" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Olika sorters ingenjör"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det finns många olika fält där ingenjörer kan jobba, och det krävs ofta specialiserad kunskap för att utveckla <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknik</a> och produkter inom något område. Normalt är ingenjörer djupt skolade inom ett område, men de flesta har även grundläggande kunskap om närliggande fält. Till exempel innehåller de flesta ingenjörsutbildningar någon form av <a href="/wiki/Programmering" title="Programmering">programmering</a> och <a href="/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik">fysik</a> utöver det som krävs för att lösa de specifika uppgifter som en ingenjör brukar stöta på inom sitt fackområde. </p><p>Ingenjörer kan anställas på heltid av <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6retag" title="Företag">företag</a> och <a href="/wiki/Myndighet" title="Myndighet">myndigheter</a> som arbetar med någon slags teknikutveckling, eller på ett <a href="/wiki/Konsult" title="Konsult">konsultbolag</a> som säljer sina tjänster till andra företag. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_(MER-2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_%28MER-2%29.jpg/250px-Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_%28MER-2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_%28MER-2%29.jpg/375px-Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_%28MER-2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_%28MER-2%29.jpg/500px-Mars_Exploration_Rover-2_%28MER-2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption>Mars Exploration Rover-2.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ingenjörer som utvecklar tekniska lösningar arbetar ofta i <a href="/wiki/Tv%C3%A4rvetenskap" title="Tvärvetenskap">tvärvetenskapliga</a> arbetslag. För att designa en <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robot</a> kan det ofta krävas minst tre olika sorters ingenjörer. En <a href="/wiki/Maskinteknik" title="Maskinteknik">maskiningenjör</a> designar de mekaniska delarna och konstruktionen. En <a href="/wiki/Elektroteknik" title="Elektroteknik">elektroingenjör</a> utformar det elektriska systemet, dvs. sensorer, elektronik, och kontrollkretsen. Slutligen skulle en <a href="/wiki/Datateknik" title="Datateknik">dataingenjör</a> utveckla mjukvaran som får roboten att uppträda korrekt. Ingenjörer som vill göra karriär blir ofta <a href="/wiki/Projektledare" title="Projektledare">projektledare</a> och går senare vidare som chefer för avdelningar, divisioner och så småningom som verkställande direktörer. </p><p>Idag är det vanligt att <a href="/wiki/Verkst%C3%A4llande_direkt%C3%B6r" title="Verkställande direktör">verkställande direktörer</a> på stora <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6retag" title="Företag">bolag</a> är civilingenjörer i grunden. 82 företag noterade på <a href="/wiki/Stockholmsb%C3%B6rsen" title="Stockholmsbörsen">Stockholmsbörsen</a> hade en VD med civilingenjörsbakgrund. Skolorna som utbildat flest verkställande direktörer på Stockholmsbörsen är <a href="/wiki/Kungliga_Tekniska_h%C3%B6gskolan" title="Kungliga Tekniska högskolan">KTH</a> (33), <a href="/wiki/Handelsh%C3%B6gskolan_i_Stockholm" title="Handelshögskolan i Stockholm">HHS</a> (31) och <a href="/wiki/Tekniska_h%C3%B6gskolan_vid_Link%C3%B6pings_universitet" title="Tekniska högskolan vid Linköpings universitet">LiTH</a> (21).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi_och_historik">Etymologi och historik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi och historik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi och historik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003,_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003%2C_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003%2C_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003%2C_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003%2C_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003%2C_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-17064-0003%2C_Ingenieur_am_Reissbrett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="508" /></a><figcaption>Ritbord, som senare ersattes av <a href="/wiki/Datorst%C3%B6dd_konstruktion" title="Datorstödd konstruktion">CAD-program</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ordet ingenjör har sitt ursprung i det latinska ordet <i>ingeniare</i> ("snärja, utforma") och ytterst från <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ingenium" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ingenium">ingenium</a></i> ("klokhet").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den allra första civila ingenjörsutbildningen startades i <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> år <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a> med inriktning mot gruvbrytning och metallhantering. Därefter etablerades ingenjörsutbildningar i Frankrike. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_polytechnique" title="École polytechnique">École polytechnique</a> (1794) kallades från början för "École centrale des travaux publics" (Centrala skolan för offentliga arbeten). </p><p>I Sverige startade den första ingenjörsutbildningen 1822 vid Bergsskolan i Falun. Bergsskolan utbildade ingenjörer inom bergsvetenskap och gruvdrift.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Några år senare påbörjade Teknologiska institutet sin verksamhet i Stockholm 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1851 började <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gre_artilleril%C3%A4roverket" title="Högre artilleriläroverket">Högre artilleriläroverket</a> på <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4romr%C3%A5det_Marieberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Militärområdet Marieberg">Marieberg</a> i <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> utbilda officerare i väg- och vattenbyggnad.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undervisningen togs över av Teknologiska institutet år 1871. <a href="/wiki/Civilingenj%C3%B6r" title="Civilingenjör">Civilingenjör</a> användes ursprungligen för att skilja på civila och militära studenter vid <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gre_artilleril%C3%A4roverket" title="Högre artilleriläroverket">Högre artilleriläroverket</a>. Bergsskolan i Falun överfördes till Stockholm 1876 och kom då att utgöra grundstommen i <a href="/wiki/Kungliga_Tekniska_h%C3%B6gskolan" title="Kungliga Tekniska högskolan">Kungliga Tekniska högskolan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Länge var ingenjörsyrket endast tillgängligt för män. Detta berodde bland annat på att kvinnor inte ansågs passande till yrket, framför allt inom de handfasta utbildningarna som väg- och vattenteknik, maskinteknik och bergsvetenskap som menades var för ansträngande för kvinnor. Teoretiska linjer ansågs något mer lämpade till kvinnor och de kunde i vissa undantag bli antagna till dessa som specialelever vilket betydde att de fick börja på skolan om det fanns tomma platser efter antagningen av män. Kvinnorna som antogs behövde i regel även ha goda kontakter med skolorna genom en släkting eller liknande. Förkunskaperna som krävdes för att börja studera till ingenjör var däremot inte tillgängliga för kvinnor inom de statliga läroverken, utan kunde enbart inhämtas i privata skolor. </p><p>Bland specialeleverna på sent 1800-tal fram till tidigt 1900-tal fanns bland annat <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Magnell_(konstn%C3%A4r)" title="Agnes Magnell (konstnär)">Agnes Magnell</a> som började arkitektlinjen 1897 och var den första kvinnliga studerande på en ingenjörslinje och <a href="/wiki/Vera_Sandberg" title="Vera Sandberg">Vera Sandberg</a> som 1917 blev den första examinerade ingenjören på <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_tekniska_h%C3%B6gskola" title="Chalmers tekniska högskola">Chalmers tekniska högskola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Sverige examinerades de två första kvinnliga byggnadsingenjörer, <a href="/wiki/Elin_Jacobsson" title="Elin Jacobsson">Elin Jacobsson</a> och Anna Sandstedt den sista april 1907. De hade båda börjat vid Tekniska skolans kvinnliga avdelning och sedan fortsatt byggnadsyrkeskursen. De båda fick göra sin obligatoriska praktik före studierna <i>"iklädda arbetskläder och murade i djupet av en källarvåning vid Malmskillnadsgatan"</i>, på grund av deras kön skedde detta i hemlighet.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På den <a href="/wiki/Kungliga_Tekniska_h%C3%B6gskolan" title="Kungliga Tekniska högskolan">Kungliga Tekniska högskolan</a> blev kvinnor först godkända som ordinarie elever 1921. Trots att kvinnor nu fick möjlighet till ingenjörsutbildning fanns det kvar begränsningar för kvinnor inom yrket. Kvinnor tillsattes sällan lärar- och professorstjänster, hade ej tillgång till högre statliga tjänster och kunde bli avskedade på grund av giftermål eller graviditet. Kvinnors rätt till tjänst på universitet i Sverige lagstiftades 1925 och 1938 förbjöds det att avskeda kvinnor på grund av giftermål eller graviditet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yrkestitel">Yrkestitel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Yrkestitel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Yrkestitel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I många europeiska länder är ingenjörstiteln högt ansedd och lagligt skyddad. I Frankrike får titeln <i>ingénieur diplomé</i> endast användas av de som tagit examen från en <a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%89coles" title="Grandes Écoles">grand école</a> med inriktning på <a href="/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rsvetenskap" title="Ingenjörsvetenskap">ingenjörskonst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den som använder titeln utan korrekt examen kan bli dömd till böter på €15 000 och ett års fängelse.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>För att få titulera sig Europeisk ingenjör (EUR ING) krävs generellt en ingenjörsutbildning på avancerad nivå<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vid ett godkänt universitet och cirka 5 års yrkeserfarenhet.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sverige är relativt unikt i Europa i att ingenjörer inte har en skyddad yrkestitel, och därför saknar cirka hälften av de som titulerar sig ingenjörer en formell ingenjörsutbildning. Endast 40 procent av de som titulerar sig civilingenjör i Sverige har faktiskt en civilingenjörsutbildning.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utbildning">Utbildning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utbildning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utbildning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: .2em; float: right; clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ingenjörsutbildningar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <div class="center"> <p><a href="/wiki/Civilingenj%C3%B6r" title="Civilingenjör">Civilingenjör</a> | <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gskoleingenj%C3%B6r" title="Högskoleingenjör">Högskoleingenjör</a> <br /> <small><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsvarsingenj%C3%B6r" title="Försvarsingenjör">Försvarsingenjör</a> | <a href="/wiki/Brandingenj%C3%B6r" title="Brandingenjör">Brandingenjör</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6ingenj%C3%B6r" title="Sjöingenjör">Sjöingenjör</a></small> <br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Bergsingenj%C3%B6r" title="Bergsingenjör">Bergsingenjör</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gymnasieingenj%C3%B6r" title="Gymnasieingenjör">Gymnasieingenjör</a></small> </p> </div> <p><b>Program</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkitektur_och_teknik" title="Arkitektur och teknik">Arkitektur och teknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioteknik" title="Bioteknik">Bioteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datateknik" title="Datateknik">Datateknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektroteknik" title="Elektroteknik">Elektroteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farkostteknik" title="Farkostteknik">Farkostteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industriell_ekonomi_(utbildning)" title="Industriell ekonomi (utbildning)">Industriell ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informationsteknik" title="Informationsteknik">Informationsteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantm%C3%A4teri" title="Lantmäteri">Lantmäteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskinteknik" title="Maskinteknik">Maskinteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialdesign" title="Materialdesign">Materialdesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_teknik_(civilingenj%C3%B6rsutbildning)" title="Medicinsk teknik (civilingenjörsutbildning)">Medicinsk teknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieteknik" title="Medieteknik">Medieteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6teknik_(utbildning)" title="Miljöteknik (utbildning)">Miljöteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rymdteknik" class="mw-redirect" title="Rymdteknik">Rymdteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llsbyggnad" class="mw-disambig" title="Samhällsbyggnad">Samhällsbyggnad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknisk_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknisk design">Teknisk design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknisk_fysik" title="Teknisk fysik">Teknisk fysik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknisk_fysik_och_elektroteknik" title="Teknisk fysik och elektroteknik">Teknisk fysik och elektroteknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemiteknik" title="Kemiteknik">Teknisk kemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknisk_matematik" title="Teknisk matematik">Teknisk matematik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4g-_och_vattenbyggnad" title="Väg- och vattenbyggnad">Väg- och vattenbyggnad</a></li></ul> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Teknolog" title="Teknolog">Teknolog</a> | <a href="/wiki/Teknisk_h%C3%B6gskola" title="Teknisk högskola">Teknisk högskola</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Ingenj%C3%B6rer" title="Sveriges Ingenjörer">Sveriges Ingenjörer</a></small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Ingenjörsutbildning hade ofta sitt ursprung i <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rh%C3%B6gskola" title="Militärhögskola">militära högskolor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De flesta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europeiska länder</a> har övergått till <a href="/wiki/Bolognaprocessen" title="Bolognaprocessen">bolognasystemet</a> och har därför delat upp den traditionella ingenjörsutbildningen i en <a href="/wiki/Kandidatexamen" title="Kandidatexamen">kandidat</a> och <a href="/wiki/Masterexamen_(svensk_examen)" title="Masterexamen (svensk examen)">master</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europa">Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Europa"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finland">Finland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Finland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Finland"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finlands utbildningssystem är likt det tyska. Både <a href="/wiki/Universitet" title="Universitet">universitet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Yrkesh%C3%B6gskola_i_Finland" title="Yrkeshögskola i Finland">yrkeshögskolor (AMK)</a> har eftergymnasial ingenjörsutbildning. Universiteten erbjuder generellt <a href="/wiki/Diplomingenj%C3%B6r_(Finland)" title="Diplomingenjör (Finland)">diplomingenjörsexamen</a>, som kan delas upp i en treårig kandidat och en tvåårig master. En diplomingenjörsexamen är forskningsförberedande och avslutas med en avhandling. </p><p>Yrkeshögskolorna erbjuder en mer praktiskt inriktad ingenjörsutbildning på 3,5-4 år.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankrike">Frankrike</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Frankrike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Frankrike"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>För att få titulera sig "Ingénieur diplômé" i Frankrike krävs det att man genomgått en ingenjörsutbildning vid en <a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%89coles" title="Grandes Écoles">grande école</a>. Utbildningen består generellt av två års eftergymnasial förberedelse inför <i>concours,</i> som är ett nationellt prov där studenter rankas efter resultat. När studenten väl har blivit antagen till en <a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%89coles" title="Grandes Écoles">grande école</a> krävs ofta 3-4 års ytterligare studier för att få ett "Diplôme d'Ingénieur".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sverige">Sverige</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Sverige ges ett flertal olika ingenjörsutbildningar på <a href="/wiki/Universitet" title="Universitet">universitet</a> och <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gskola" title="Högskola">högskolor</a>. Den längsta kallas <a href="/wiki/Civilingenj%C3%B6r" title="Civilingenjör">civilingenjör</a> och kräver 300 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gskolepo%C3%A4ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Högskolepoäng">högskolepoäng</a> för examen, vilket motsvarar 5 års heltidsstudier. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6ingenj%C3%B6r" title="Sjöingenjör">Sjöingenjör</a> är en fyraårig utbildning som förbereder den studerande för att verka som maskinbefäl på handelsfartyg. Utbildningen består av en treårig sjöingenjörsexamen (180 hp), tio månaders sjöpraktik, samt 90 högskolepoäng el- och verkstadspraktik.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brandingenj%C3%B6r" title="Brandingenjör">Brandingenjör</a> är en 3,5-årig (210 hp) utbildning som leder till brandingenjörsexamen. Syftet med utbildningen är att säkra och förebygga olika typer av bränder.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gskoleingenj%C3%B6r" title="Högskoleingenjör">Högskoleingenjör</a> är en treårig (180 hp) mer praktiskt inriktad ingenjörsutbildning som ges vid många universitet och högskolor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teknisk_officer_i_Sverige">Teknisk officer i Sverige</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Teknisk officer i Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Teknisk officer i Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tekniska <a href="/wiki/Officer" title="Officer">officerare</a> utbildas på det treåriga officersprogrammet som ges vid <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsvarsh%C3%B6gskolan,_Sverige" title="Försvarshögskolan, Sverige">Försvarshögskolan</a> i Stockholm. Utbildningen syftar till att kunna leda och utveckla den tekniska tjänsten samt ge nödvändig teknisk förståelse för de tekniska möjligheter och begränsningar som finns på <a href="/wiki/Taktik" title="Taktik">taktik</a> och <a href="/wiki/Stridsteknik" title="Stridsteknik">stridsteknik</a>. </p><p>Exempel på arbetsområden är <a href="/wiki/Tekniker" title="Tekniker">teknisk tjänst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artilleri" title="Artilleri">indirekt bekämpning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luftv%C3%A4rn" title="Luftvärn">luftvärn</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4ltarbetsskolan" title="Fältarbetsskolan">fältarbete</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBRN-krigf%C3%B6ring" title="CBRN-krigföring">CBRN</a>, ledningssystem, och <a href="/wiki/Informationssystem" title="Informationssystem">informationssystem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Försvarsmakten anställer även civilingenjörer som officerare, så kallade <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsvarsmaktsingenj%C3%B6r" class="mw-redirect" title="Försvarsmaktsingenjör">försvarsingenjörer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facklig_organisation_i_Sverige">Facklig organisation i Sverige</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Facklig organisation i Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Facklig organisation i Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tidigare organiserades ingenjörer i Sverige främst i <a href="/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rsf%C3%B6rbundet" title="Ingenjörsförbundet">Ingenjörsförbundet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Civilingenj%C3%B6rsf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilingenjörsförbundet">Civilingenjörsförbundet</a>, beroende på utbildning. Från och med <a href="/wiki/1_januari" title="1 januari">1 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> har dessa fackförbund gått samman under namnet <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_ingenj%C3%B6rer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges ingenjörer">Sveriges ingenjörer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fackförbundet <a href="/wiki/Unionen" title="Unionen">Unionen</a> organiserar också ingenjörer. Vissa ingenjörer med specialutbildning kan även organiseras i andra förbund. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andra_organisationer_i_Sverige">Andra organisationer i Sverige</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Andra organisationer i Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Andra organisationer i Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rer_och_naturvetare_utan_gr%C3%A4nser" title="Ingenjörer och naturvetare utan gränser">Ingenjörer och naturvetare utan gränser</a>, INUG, är en organisation som samlar ingenjörer och naturvetare med intresse i <a href="/wiki/Bist%C3%A5nd" title="Bistånd">biståndsprojekt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rsvetenskap" title="Ingenjörsvetenskap">Ingenjörsvetenskap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ingenj%C3%B6rer" title="Kategori:Ingenjörer">Kategori:Ingenjörer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstrukt%C3%B6r" title="Konstruktör">Konstruktör</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenj%C3%B6rstitlar_i_Sverige" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingenjörstitlar i Sverige">Ingenjörstitlar i Sverige</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nspe.org/resources/press-room/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-engineering">”Frequently Asked Questions About Engineering | National Society of Professional Engineers”</a>. <i><span>www.nspe.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nspe.org/resources/press-room/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-engineering">https://www.nspe.org/resources/press-room/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-engineering</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+About+Engineering+%7C+National+Society+of+Professional+Engineers&rft.atitle=www.nspe.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nspe.org%2Fresources%2Fpress-room%2Fresources%2Ffrequently-asked-questions-about-engineering&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engineerseurope.com/what-eur-ing-certificate">”What is the EUR ING Certificate | ENGINEERS EUROPE”</a>. <i><span>www.engineerseurope.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.engineerseurope.com/what-eur-ing-certificate">https://www.engineerseurope.com/what-eur-ing-certificate</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+is+the+EUR+ING+Certificate+%7C+ENGINEERS+EUROPE&rft.atitle=www.engineerseurope.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineerseurope.com%2Fwhat-eur-ing-certificate&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFCharlotta_von_Schultz">Charlotta von Schultz (1 maj 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyteknik.se/karriar/kth-basta-skolan-for-vd/1884865">”KTH bästa skolan för vd”</a>. <i><span>www.nyteknik.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nyteknik.se/karriar/kth-basta-skolan-for-vd/1884865">https://www.nyteknik.se/karriar/kth-basta-skolan-for-vd/1884865</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=KTH+b%C3%A4sta+skolan+f%C3%B6r+vd&rft.atitle=www.nyteknik.se&rft.aulast=Charlotta+von+Schultz&rft.au=Charlotta+von+Schultz&rft.date=1+maj+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyteknik.se%2Fkarriar%2Fkth-basta-skolan-for-vd%2F1884865&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Concise Dictionary, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Dictionaries, April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 22 Oktober 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfch/0358.html">”671-672 (Nordisk familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 28. Syrten-vikarna - Tidsbestämning)”</a>. <i><span>runeberg.org</span></i>. 15 november 1919<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/nfch/0358.html">https://runeberg.org/nfch/0358.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=671-672+%28Nordisk+familjebok+%2F+Uggleupplagan.+28.+Syrten-vikarna+-+Tidsbest%C3%A4mning%29&rft.atitle=runeberg.org&rft.date=15+november+1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfch%2F0358.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfag/0328.html">”643-644 (Nordisk familjebok / 1800-talsutgåvan. 7. Hufvudskål - Kaffraria)”</a>. <i><span>runeberg.org</span></i>. 15 november 1884<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/nfag/0328.html">https://runeberg.org/nfag/0328.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=643-644+%28Nordisk+familjebok+%2F+1800-talsutg%C3%A5van.+7.+Hufvudsk%C3%A5l+-+Kaffraria%29&rft.atitle=runeberg.org&rft.date=15+november+1884&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfag%2F0328.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4g-_och_vattenbyggnadsk%C3%A5ren&oldid=49394294">”Väg- och vattenbyggnadskåren”</a>. <i>Wikipedia</i>. 2021-06-28<span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4g-_och_vattenbyggnadsk%C3%A5ren&oldid=49394294">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4g-_och_vattenbyggnadsk%C3%A5ren&oldid=49394294</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=V%C3%A4g-+och+vattenbyggnadsk%C3%A5ren&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.date=2021-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DV%25C3%25A4g-_och_vattenbyggnadsk%25C3%25A5ren%26oldid%3D49394294&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/globalassets/fortroendevald/stod-och-verktyg/teknikens_kvinnorperspektiv_pa_en_mangfacetterad_historia_webb.pdf">”Teknikens kvinnor – perspektiv på en mångfacetterad historia”</a>. Sveriges Ingenjörer<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/globalassets/fortroendevald/stod-och-verktyg/teknikens_kvinnorperspektiv_pa_en_mangfacetterad_historia_webb.pdf">https://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/globalassets/fortroendevald/stod-och-verktyg/teknikens_kvinnorperspektiv_pa_en_mangfacetterad_historia_webb.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 28 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Teknikens+kvinnor+%E2%80%93+perspektiv+p%C3%A5+en+m%C3%A5ngfacetterad+historia&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Sveriges+Ingenj%C3%B6rer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sverigesingenjorer.se%2Fglobalassets%2Ffortroendevald%2Fstod-och-verktyg%2Fteknikens_kvinnorperspektiv_pa_en_mangfacetterad_historia_webb.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.gu.se/fasta/laban/erez/kvinnohistoriska/tidskrifter/idun/1907/pdf/1907_19.pdf">”Två banbryterskor”</a>. <i>Idun</i> (19): sid. 232. 1907<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ub.gu.se/fasta/laban/erez/kvinnohistoriska/tidskrifter/idun/1907/pdf/1907_19.pdf">http://www.ub.gu.se/fasta/laban/erez/kvinnohistoriska/tidskrifter/idun/1907/pdf/1907_19.pdf</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tv%C3%A5+banbryterskor&rft.jtitle=Idun&rft.date=1907&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B232&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ub.gu.se%2Ffasta%2Flaban%2Ferez%2Fkvinnohistoriska%2Ftidskrifter%2Fidun%2F1907%2Fpdf%2F1907_19.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&oldid=1178691680">”Diplôme d'Ingénieur”</a> (på engelska). <i>Wikipedia</i>. 2023-10-05<span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&oldid=1178691680">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&oldid=1178691680</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dipl%C3%B4me+d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDipl%25C3%25B4me_d%2527Ing%25C3%25A9nieur%26oldid%3D1178691680&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000021342951">”Article 433-17 - Code pénal - Légifrance”</a>. <i><span>www.legifrance.gouv.fr</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000021342951">https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000021342951</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Article+433-17+-+Code+p%C3%A9nal+-+L%C3%A9gifrance&rft.atitle=www.legifrance.gouv.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Fcodes%2Farticle_lc%2FLEGIARTI000021342951&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006525290">”Article L642-12 - Code de l'éducation - Légifrance”</a>. <i><span>www.legifrance.gouv.fr</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006525290">https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/article_lc/LEGIARTI000006525290</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Article+L642-12+-+Code+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation+-+L%C3%A9gifrance&rft.atitle=www.legifrance.gouv.fr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Fcodes%2Farticle_lc%2FLEGIARTI000006525290&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Motsvarar svensk civilingenjörsutbildning/masterutbildning</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engineerseurope.com/what-eur-ing-certificate">”What is the EUR ING Certificate | ENGINEERS EUROPE”</a>. <i><span>www.engineerseurope.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.engineerseurope.com/what-eur-ing-certificate">https://www.engineerseurope.com/what-eur-ing-certificate</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+is+the+EUR+ING+Certificate+%7C+ENGINEERS+EUROPE&rft.atitle=www.engineerseurope.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineerseurope.com%2Fwhat-eur-ing-certificate&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFTuvhag2013">Tuvhag, Emmylou (10 februari 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svd.se/a/473a6f41-7c9b-3b09-8231-9562a0b49768/brist-pa-utbildade-ingenjorer">”Brist på utbildade ingenjörer”</a>. <i>Svenska Dagbladet</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1101-2412">1101-2412</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.svd.se/a/473a6f41-7c9b-3b09-8231-9562a0b49768/brist-pa-utbildade-ingenjorer">https://www.svd.se/a/473a6f41-7c9b-3b09-8231-9562a0b49768/brist-pa-utbildade-ingenjorer</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brist+p%C3%A5+utbildade+ingenj%C3%B6rer&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.aulast=Tuvhag&rft.aufirst=Emmylou&rft.au=Tuvhag%2C+Emmylou&rft.date=10+februari+2013&rft.issn=1101-2412&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fa%2F473a6f41-7c9b-3b09-8231-9562a0b49768%2Fbrist-pa-utbildade-ingenjorer&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education&oldid=1182432137">”Engineering education”</a> (på engelska). <i>Wikipedia</i>. 2023-10-29<span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education&oldid=1182432137">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education&oldid=1182432137</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Engineering+education&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DEngineering_education%26oldid%3D1182432137&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education&oldid=1182432137">”Engineering education”</a> (på engelska). <i>Wikipedia</i>. 2023-10-29<span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education&oldid=1182432137">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engineering_education&oldid=1182432137</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Engineering+education&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DEngineering_education%26oldid%3D1182432137&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&oldid=1178691680">”Diplôme d'Ingénieur”</a> (på engelska). <i>Wikipedia</i>. 2023-10-05<span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&oldid=1178691680">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dipl%C3%B4me_d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&oldid=1178691680</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dipl%C3%B4me+d%27Ing%C3%A9nieur&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDipl%25C3%25B4me_d%2527Ing%25C3%25A9nieur%26oldid%3D1178691680&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chalmers.se/utbildning/hitta-program/sjoingenjor-sjoingenjorsexamen/">”Sjöingenjör, sjöingenjörsexamen”</a>. <i><span>www.chalmers.se</span></i>. 8 december 2022<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.chalmers.se/utbildning/hitta-program/sjoingenjor-sjoingenjorsexamen/">https://www.chalmers.se/utbildning/hitta-program/sjoingenjor-sjoingenjorsexamen/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Sj%C3%B6ingenj%C3%B6r%2C+sj%C3%B6ingenj%C3%B6rsexamen&rft.atitle=www.chalmers.se&rft.date=8+december+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chalmers.se%2Futbildning%2Fhitta-program%2Fsjoingenjor-sjoingenjorsexamen%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ltu.se/edu/program/TYBRG/TYBRG-Brandingenjor-1.76954?l=sv">”Brandingenjör, Program - Luleå tekniska universitet, LTU”</a>. <i><span>www.ltu.se</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ltu.se/edu/program/TYBRG/TYBRG-Brandingenjor-1.76954?l=sv">https://www.ltu.se/edu/program/TYBRG/TYBRG-Brandingenjor-1.76954?l=sv</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Brandingenj%C3%B6r%2C+Program+-+Lule%C3%A5+tekniska+universitet%2C+LTU&rft.atitle=www.ltu.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltu.se%2Fedu%2Fprogram%2FTYBRG%2FTYBRG-Brandingenjor-1.76954%3Fl%3Dsv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112010804/https://www.fhs.se/utbildning/det-har-kan-du-studera/officersprogrammet/programmets-utformning/inriktning-militarteknik.html">”Inriktning militärteknik”</a>. <i><span>www.fhs.se</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhs.se/utbildning/det-har-kan-du-studera/officersprogrammet/programmets-utformning/inriktning-militarteknik.html">originalet</a> den 12 november 2023<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112010804/https://www.fhs.se/utbildning/det-har-kan-du-studera/officersprogrammet/programmets-utformning/inriktning-militarteknik.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20231112010804/https://www.fhs.se/utbildning/det-har-kan-du-studera/officersprogrammet/programmets-utformning/inriktning-militarteknik.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 12 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Inriktning+milit%C3%A4rteknik&rft.atitle=www.fhs.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20231112010804%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhs.se%2Futbildning%2Fdet-har-kan-du-studera%2Fofficersprogrammet%2Fprogrammets-utformning%2Finriktning-militarteknik.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ingenj%C3%B6r"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anders_Kjellberg_(sociolog)" title="Anders Kjellberg (sociolog)">Kjellberg, Anders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1144977&fileOId=1144984"><i>Ett nytt fackligt landskap bland tjänstemännen : Unionen och Sveriges Ingenjörer</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6r&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingenjorshistoria.se/">Ingenjörshistoria</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingenjör&oldid=56015163">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingenjör&oldid=56015163</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Yrken" title="Kategori:Yrken">Yrken</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ingenj%C3%B6rer" title="Kategori:Ingenjörer">Ingenjörer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Titlar_i_n%C3%A4ringsliv" title="Kategori:Titlar i näringsliv">Titlar i näringsliv</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 3 oktober 2024 kl. 22.25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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