CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>University of Westminster - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"338b2a98-704a-4189-979b-c847ecf4cd4a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"University_of_Westminster","wgTitle":"University of Westminster","wgCurRevisionId":1277112173,"wgRevisionId":1277112173,"wgArticleId":6179123,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2021","Use British English from August 2019","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles using template HESA student population","Articles using infobox university","Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter","Pages using infobox university with the affiliations parameter", "Commons category link is on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","University of Westminster","Schools of informatics","Education in the City of Westminster","Universities and colleges established in 1838","1838 establishments in England","Universities in London","Universities UK","Student radio in the United Kingdom"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"University_of_Westminster","wgRelevantArticleId":6179123,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":51.51694444444444,"lon":-0.14305555555555555},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1247544","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1394"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="930"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="744"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="University of Westminster - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-University_of_Westminster rootpage-University_of_Westminster skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=University+of+Westminster" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=University+of+Westminster" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=University+of+Westminster" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=University+of+Westminster" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1837–1881:_Royal_Polytechnic_Institution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1837–1881:_Royal_Polytechnic_Institution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1837–1881: Royal Polytechnic Institution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1837–1881:_Royal_Polytechnic_Institution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1881–1970:_Polytechnic_Regent_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1881–1970:_Polytechnic_Regent_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1881–1970: Polytechnic Regent Street</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1881–1970:_Polytechnic_Regent_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970–1992:_Polytechnic_of_Central_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970–1992:_Polytechnic_of_Central_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1970–1992: Polytechnic of Central London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970–1992:_Polytechnic_of_Central_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992–present:_University_of_Westminster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992–present:_University_of_Westminster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1992–present: University of Westminster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992–present:_University_of_Westminster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Campuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation and administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation and administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Colleges and Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rankings and reputation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Student life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Student life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Students'_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Students'_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Students' Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Students'_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_and_university_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_and_university_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Student and university media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_and_university_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notable alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_faculty_and_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_faculty_and_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Notable faculty and staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_faculty_and_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Westminster</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جامعة وستمنستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة وستمنستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_Westminster" title="Universidá de Westminster – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="وست‌مینستر بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وست‌مینستر بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ওয়েস্টমিনস্টার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়েস্টমিনস্টার বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Вэстмінстэрскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вэстмінстэрскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="University of Westminster" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Westminster" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Westminster" title="Universidad de Westminster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Westminster" title="Universitato de Westminster – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="دانشگاه وست‌مینستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه وست‌مینستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Westminster" title="Université de Westminster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Westminster" title="Universidade de Westminster – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%AF%BC%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="웨스트민스터 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨스트민스터 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Westminster" title="Universitas Westminster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Westminster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Westminster" title="Università di Westminster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Westminster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminsteri_Egyetem" title="Westminsteri Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Westminsteri Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="جامعة وستمنستر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة وستمنستر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Вестминстерийн Их сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вестминстерийн Их сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Westminster" title="Universiteit van Westminster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Westminster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ウェストミンスター大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェストミンスター大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="University of Westminster" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_universiteti" title="Westminster universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Westminster universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="یونیورسٹی آف ویسٹ منسٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف ویسٹ منسٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="University of Westminster" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Westminster" title="Universidade de Westminster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Westminster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Вестминстерский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вестминстерский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="වේස්ට්මිනිස්ටර් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වේස්ට්මිනිස්ටර් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminsterin_yliopisto" title="Westminsterin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Westminsterin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Westminster" title="Unibersidad ng Westminster – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Westminster" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Westminster Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Westminster Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Вестмінстерський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вестмінстерський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="یونیورسٹی آف ویسٹمنسٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یونیورسٹی آف ویسٹمنسٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Westminster" title="Đại học Westminster – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Westminster" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E6%95%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="威斯敏斯特大學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威斯敏斯特大學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1247544#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:University_of_Westminster" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/University_of_Westminster" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/University_of_Westminster" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&oldid=1277112173" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=University_of_Westminster&id=1277112173&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUniversity_of_Westminster"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUniversity_of_Westminster"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=University_of_Westminster&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Westminster" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1247544" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Westminster&params=51_31_01_N_0_08_35_W_region:GB-LND_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°31′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.51694°N 0.14306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.51694; -0.14306</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Westminster_University_(Utah)" title="Westminster University (Utah)">Westminster University (Utah)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University in London</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Westminster</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png/220px-UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="337" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="#Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Dominus fortitudo nostra</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">The Lord is our Strength</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1838: Royal Polytechnic Institution<br /> 1891: Polytechnic-Regent Street <br /> 1970: Polytechnic of Central London<br /> 1992: University of Westminster</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>0.354 million (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-accounts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accounts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pounds_sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds sterling">£</a>240.9 million (2021–22)<sup id="cite_ref-accounts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accounts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Campbell_(social_entrepreneur)" title="Natalie Campbell (social entrepreneur)">Natalie Campbell</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">MBE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bonfield_(engineer)" title="Peter Bonfield (engineer)">Peter Bonfield</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">OBE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">21,805 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESA_citation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16,995 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESA_citation_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,810 (2022/23)<sup id="cite_ref-HESA_citation_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Royal blue, Fuchsia <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;" aria-hidden="true"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; height:1.75em"> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td><td style="background: #4169E1; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td><td style="background: #4169E1; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td> <td style="background: #CC397B;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">Association of Commonwealth Universities</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">Association of MBAs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Compostela_Group_of_Universities" title="Compostela Group of Universities">Compostela Group of Universities</a><br /><a href="/wiki/EQUIS" class="mw-redirect" title="EQUIS">EQUIS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a><br /><a href="/wiki/SGroup_European_Universities%27_Network" title="SGroup European Universities' Network">SGroup European Universities' Network</a><br /><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Universities" title="International Association of Universities">International Association of Universities</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westminster.ac.uk">westminster<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Navbar-westminster-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Navbar-westminster-logo.svg/220px-Navbar-westminster-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Navbar-westminster-logo.svg/330px-Navbar-westminster-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Navbar-westminster-logo.svg/440px-Navbar-westminster-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>University of Westminster</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> university based in London, United Kingdom. Founded in 1838 as the <b>Royal Polytechnic Institution</b>, it was the first <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">polytechnic</a> to open in London.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Westminster:_Facts_and_figures_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Westminster:_Facts_and_figures-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polytechnic formally received a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a> in August 1839, and became the University of Westminster in <a href="/wiki/Post-1992_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-1992 universities">1992</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granta_Editions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westminster has its main campus in <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>, with additional campuses in <a href="/wiki/Fitzrovia" title="Fitzrovia">Fitzrovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harrow,_London" title="Harrow, London">Harrow</a>. It also operates the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_International_University_in_Tashkent" title="Westminster International University in Tashkent">Westminster International University in Tashkent</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university is organised into three colleges and 12 schools, within which there are around 65 departments and centres, including the Communication and Media Research Institute (CAMRI) and the Centre for the Study of Democracy. It also has its <a href="/wiki/Policy_Studies_Institute" title="Policy Studies Institute">Policy Studies Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Business_School" title="Westminster Business School">Business School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Law_School" title="Westminster Law School">Law School</a>. The annual income of the institution for 2021–22 was £240.9 million of which £4.25 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £223.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-accounts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accounts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">Association of Commonwealth Universities</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_MBAs" title="Association of MBAs">Association of MBAs</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Foundation_for_Management_Development" title="European Foundation for Management Development">EFMD</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Quality_Improvement_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Quality Improvement System">EQUIS</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a>. </p><p>Westminster's alumni include a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel laureate in Medicine</a>, the inventor of <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a>, politicians and <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympians</a>, scientists, <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a>-winning filmmakers,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> inductees, <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>-winning musicians, journalists, and poets. Graduates of the university are styled with the post-nominal letters <i>Westmin</i>, to indicate the institution. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1837–1881:_Royal_Polytechnic_Institution"><span id="1837.E2.80.931881:_Royal_Polytechnic_Institution"></span>1837–1881: Royal Polytechnic Institution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1837–1881: Royal Polytechnic Institution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG/220px-InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG/330px-InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG/440px-InterioroftheRegentstreetpoly.JPG 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>The interior of the Polytechnic in 1847, as drawn by G. F. Sargeant</figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal Polytechnic Institution was built by William Mountford Nurse in 1837<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opened at 309 Regent Street on 6 August 1838 to provide (in the words of its prospectus of 1837) "an institution where the Public, at little expense, may acquire practical knowledge of the various arts and branches of science connected with manufacturers, mining operations and rural economy".<sup id="cite_ref-1837prospectus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1837prospectus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cayley" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Cayley">Sir George Cayley</a> (1773–1857), the "father of aeronautical engineering",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first chairman and the Polytechnic formally received a Royal charter in August 1839.<sup id="cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granta_Editions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polytechnic housed a large exhibition hall, lecture theatre and laboratories, and public attractions included working machines and models, scientific lectures and demonstrations, rides in a diving bell and, from 1839, demonstrations of photography. Prince Albert visited the institution in 1840, when he descended in the diving bell, and became a patron in 1841. The first public photographic portrait studio in Europe opened on the roof of the Polytechnic in March 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1847, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pepper" title="John Henry Pepper">John Henry Pepper</a> joined the Polytechnic and oversaw the introduction of evening lectures in engineering, applied science and technical subjects for young working Londoners. Pepper wrote several important science education books, one of which is regarded as a significant step towards the understanding of <a href="/wiki/Continental_drift" title="Continental drift">continental drift</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Westminster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/University_of_Westminster.jpg/220px-University_of_Westminster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/University_of_Westminster.jpg/330px-University_of_Westminster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/University_of_Westminster.jpg/440px-University_of_Westminster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4075" data-file-height="2497" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to the university's headquarters at 309 <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1848, a theatre was added to the building, purpose-built to accommodate the growing audiences for the Polytechnic's optical shows. These combined magic lantern images with live performances, music, ghosts and spectres, spreading the fame of what was arguably the world's first permanent projection theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1862, inventor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dircks" title="Henry Dircks">Henry Dircks</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Dircksian_phantasmagoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Dircksian phantasmagoria">Dircksian Phantasmagoria</a>, where it was seen by Pepper in a booth set up by Dircks at the Polytechnic.<sup id="cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granta_Editions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pepper first showed the effect during a scene of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>'s novella <i><a href="/wiki/The_Haunted_Man_and_the_Ghost%27s_Bargain" title="The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain">The Haunted Man</a></i> (1848) at the Regent Street theatre to great success.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ghost_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghost-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Pepper's implementation of the effect tied his name to it permanently. Though he tried many times to give credit to Dircks, the title "<a href="/wiki/Pepper%27s_ghost" title="Pepper's ghost">Pepper's ghost</a>" has endured.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghost_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghost-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Butterworth_Owen" title="Joseph Butterworth Owen">Joseph Butterworth Owen</a>, the Royal Polytechnic Institution increased its presence in formal classes for young men traditionally denied the opportunity of higher education in the United Kingdom during the nineteenth century. Expansion gradually gave way to financial difficulty, reflecting a long-standing tension between education and the need to run a successful business. A fatal accident on the premises in 1859 caused the first institution to be wound up and a new one formed. Various regeneration schemes were considered, but in 1879 a fire damaged the roof, precipitating the final crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Granta_Editions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1881–1970:_Polytechnic_Regent_Street"><span id="1881.E2.80.931970:_Polytechnic_Regent_Street"></span>1881–1970: Polytechnic Regent Street</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1881–1970: Polytechnic Regent Street"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London,_June_2013_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%281%29.jpg/220px-Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%281%29.jpg/330px-Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%281%29.jpg/440px-Sculpture_of_Quintin_Hogg_in_the_Portland_Place_in_London%2C_June_2013_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>A memorial to philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg_(merchant)" title="Quintin Hogg (merchant)">Quintin Hogg</a> stands on <a href="/wiki/Portland_Place" title="Portland Place">Portland Place</a>, opposite <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">BBC Broadcasting House</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1881, the Royal Polytechnic Institution closed, marking a transition to new ownership and a new era of educational development. Christian philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg_(merchant)" title="Quintin Hogg (merchant)">Quintin Hogg</a> (1845–1903) acquired the lease to the building in December 1881 for £15,000,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the premises re-opened on 25 September 1882. About 6,000 members and students – three times the anticipated number – attended during the first 1882/3 session. The institute gradually adopted the name the <b>Polytechnic Young Men's Christian Institute</b>, or simply, the Polytechnic, for short. </p><p>From 1882 an expanded programme of classes began, including science, engineering and art classes held in conjunction with the Science and Art Department (of the Board of Trade), and a scheme of technical and trade education, related to the <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City and Guilds of London Institute</a> of Technical Instruction and to the London Trades Council. The building housed classrooms, a swimming bath, gymnasium, and a refreshment room. Activities included daily chapels, Parliamentary debating, a Reading Circle, music and drama societies and several sports clubs. </p><p>In the early 1880s the Institute attracted much favourable attention from the technical education lobby. Following the City of London Parochial Charities Act in 1883, it became clear that funds would be available to endow the Polytechnic and to found and support institutions on the same model across London. A public appeal was launched in 1888 to raise the required matching funding. The Scheme was finalised under the auspices of the Charity Commissioners in 1891, when the Institute was reconstituted as <b>The Polytechnic-Regent Street</b> (often referred to as the <b>Regent Street Polytechnic</b>), managed by a newly created governing body.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 February 1896, the first performance of a moving film (<a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9matographe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinématographe">Cinématographe</a>) to a paying UK audience was delivered by the <a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumière brothers">Lumière brothers</a> at the Regent Street Cinema. For this reason the cinema has been described as "the birthplace of British cinema".<sup id="cite_ref-guardianreopening_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardianreopening-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building at 309 Regent Street was rebuilt in 1910–1912 to reflect the needs of a growing institution whose student members exceeded 15,000. Pioneering work in emerging professional and commercial disciplines, alongside general interest subjects, was the hallmark of the institution. When <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg_(merchant)" title="Quintin Hogg (merchant)">Hogg</a> died in 1903, he was succeeded as President by Sir <a href="/wiki/Kynaston_Studd" title="Kynaston Studd">Kynaston Studd</a> (1858–1944), who remained in office until his death in 1944, and did much to continue the traditions of the founder. Two major appeals were launched to support expansion, the first for the rebuilding of 309 Regent Street in 1910–1912, and the second to build the Polytechnic Extension building for the Women's Institute in Little Titchfield Street, which was formally opened in 1929. Both buildings continued to provide sporting and social facilities for members of the Institute as well as workshops and classrooms for students of the Education Department. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_(1912).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_%281912%29.png/220px-Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_%281912%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_%281912%29.png/330px-Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_%281912%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_%281912%29.png/440px-Royal_visit_to_the_University_of_Westminster%27s_rebuilt_Polytechnic_%281912%29.png 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>, and their son <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward, Prince of Wales</a> visited the Polytechnic after it was rebuilt in 1912.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Education Department provided a wide range of courses, with a rapid expansion of commercial subjects alongside the original trade and technical classes. Courses ranged from post-elementary school entry for craft and technical training at 13 to degrees accredited by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> external degrees programme. Most teaching was in the evening and part-time, though day classes increased throughout the period. Following World War Two there was a rapid growth in the demand for further education and training, which was reorganised following the White Paper on Technical Education in 1956. </p><p>The variety of levels of work at Regent Street meant that it was designated a regional college rather than a college of advanced technology, after which the governors decided to reduce the proportion of lower level work. Following the establishment of the Council for National Academic Awards (<a href="/wiki/CNAA" class="mw-redirect" title="CNAA">CNAA</a>) in 1964, a number of degree courses were approved and became operational; including Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Electronic, Civil, Building, Production, and Manufacturing), Architecture, Photography (1966), Arts Administration (1967), Life Sciences (1973) and Media Studies (1975). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970–1992:_Polytechnic_of_Central_London"><span id="1970.E2.80.931992:_Polytechnic_of_Central_London"></span>1970–1992: Polytechnic of Central London</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1970–1992: Polytechnic of Central London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg/220px-University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg/330px-University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg/440px-University_of_Westminster_Foyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="2721" /></a><figcaption>The Regent Street campus is a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II listed building">Grade II listed building</a> due to its historic and architectural interest.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1960 the <a href="/wiki/London_County_Council" title="London County Council">London County Council</a> announced a plan to turn Regent Street into a tri-partite federal college by adding a new College of Architecture and Advanced Building Technology (CAABT) and also a College of Engineering and Science (CES). The existing commercial subjects would remain centred on no 309 Regent Street. </p><p>CAABT was allocated the <a href="/wiki/Luxborough_Street" title="Luxborough Street">Luxborough Lodge</a> site in Marylebone Road and CES a site in New Cavendish Street. Both schemes suffered prolonged delays and the new buildings were not finished until 1970. Holborn College of Law, Languages and Commerce was merged with Regent Street Polytechnic to form the <b>Polytechnic of Central London</b> (PCL). </p><p>At a ceremony on 21 May 1971, the Lord Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Lord Hailsham</a>, grandson and namesake of <a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg_(merchant)" title="Quintin Hogg (merchant)">Hogg</a>, opened the new buildings and designated the new institution. In 1990, Harrow College of Higher Education became part of the PCL. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992–present:_University_of_Westminster"><span id="1992.E2.80.93present:_University_of_Westminster"></span>1992–present: University of Westminster</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1992–present: University of Westminster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The PCL was re-designated as the <b>University of Westminster</b> following the <a href="/wiki/Further_and_Higher_Education_Act_1992" title="Further and Higher Education Act 1992">Further and Higher Education Act 1992</a>, which created a single funding council, the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">Higher Education Funding Council</a>, for England and abolished the remaining distinctions between polytechnics (degrees awarded nationally) and universities (degrees awarded by individual university). The newly established university was re-dedicated at Westminster Abbey on 1 December 1992. As a university, Westminster gained the power to grant its own degrees. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hogg" title="Mary Hogg">Dame Mary Hogg</a> (great-granddaughter of Quintin Hogg, founder of the Regent Street Polytechnic) was awarded an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctorate_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorate of law">doctorate of law</a> (LLD) by the University of Westminster in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hogg also became part of the court of governors at the university, thus continuing the university's close association with the Hogg family.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westminster's efforts in overseas expansion resulted in the university being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Award_for_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Award for Enterprise">Queen's Award for Enterprise</a> in 2000, and again in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, the university has established the Africa, Arab and <a href="/wiki/China_Media_Centre" title="China Media Centre">China Media Centres</a>; the Centre for the Study of Democracy, the institute for Modern and Contemporary Culture, and absorbed the 90-year-old <a href="/wiki/Policy_Studies_Institute" title="Policy Studies Institute">Policy Studies Institute</a>. In 2002 Westminster established the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_International_University_in_Tashkent" title="Westminster International University in Tashkent">Westminster International University in Tashkent</a> at the invitation of the government of <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, the university celebrated 175 years of research, teaching, and providing education for all, regardless of background or financial status. Special events were organised both at campuses in the UK, and with their teams around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celebrations included an interfaith service at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> on 30 January 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Campuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westminster has four main campuses, three of which are in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Regent Campus comprises a group of buildings clustered around its historic headquarters at 309 Regent Street. The <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street_Cinema" title="Regent Street Cinema">Regent Street Cinema</a> lies within the 309 Regent Street building, and serves as a fully functioning cinema, open to the public. Located nearby is the Little Titchfield Street building, which houses the library for the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, including the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Law_School" title="Westminster Law School">Westminster Law School</a>, and the Wells Street building. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg/220px-Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg/330px-Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg/440px-Westminster_Marylebone_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>Westminster's Marylebone Campus is home to <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Business_School" title="Westminster Business School">Westminster Business School</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marylebone Campus is located on <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Road" title="Marylebone Road">Marylebone Road</a> directly opposite <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussaud%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Tussaud's">Madame Tussaud's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_tube_station" title="Baker Street tube station">Baker Street</a> underground station. Built in the 1960s it is home to the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Business_School" title="Westminster Business School">Westminster Business School</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Policy_Studies_Institute" title="Policy Studies Institute">Policy Studies Institute</a>. The P3 exhibition area, a 14,000 sq ft (1,300 m<sup>2</sup>) space located in the former concrete construction hall of the School of Engineering, was opened in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cavendish Campus is a modern glass and steel building in New Cavendish Street (<a href="/wiki/Fitzrovia" title="Fitzrovia">Fitzrovia</a>), close to the <a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a>. It houses science, engineering and computer laboratories. The campus is close to <a href="/wiki/Warren_Street_tube_station" title="Warren Street tube station">Warren Street</a>, Great Portland Street and Goodge Street underground stations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Harrow,_London" title="Harrow, London">Harrow</a> Campus is in a suburb, outside Central London. It is the base for Media, Arts and Design courses. It is also home to London Gallery West which exhibits a broad mix of contemporary media, art and design work. The nearest Tube station to the Harrow campus is <a href="/wiki/Northwick_Park_tube_station" title="Northwick Park tube station">Northwick Park</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_line" title="Metropolitan line">Metropolitan line</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><b>Campus</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>Site(s)</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="4"><b>Regent</b> </td> <td colspan="2">309 Regent Street </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Little Titchfield Street </td> <td>4–12 Little Titchfield Street </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 Little Titchfield Street (Education Abroad Centre) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2">32/38 Wells Street (Corporate Services) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>Cavendish</b> </td> <td colspan="2">115 New Cavendish Street </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="2"><b>Marylebone</b> </td> <td colspan="2">35 Marylebone Road </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/current-students/news/exciting-new-employability-centre-to-be-developed-at-marylebone">29 Marylebone Road (Student Employability Centre) (Coming Soon)</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>Harrow</b> </td> <td colspan="2">Watford Road </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Non-campus sites</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Polytechnic_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Polytechnic Stadium">Quintin Hogg Memorial Sports Ground</a> (Polytechnic Stadium)</b> <ul><li>Cavendish Road, Chiswick</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Boat_Club" title="Quintin Boat Club">Quintin Boat Club (QBC)</a></b> <ul><li>Ibis Lane, Chiswick</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>International campus sites</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Westminster_International_University_in_Tashkent" title="Westminster International University in Tashkent">Westminster International University in Tashkent</a> (WIUT)</b> <ul><li>12 Istiqbol Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_administration">Organisation and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organisation and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Westminster is incorporated under the Companies Act as a charity and company limited by guarantee and not having a share capital. It is also an <a href="/wiki/Exempt_charity" title="Exempt charity">exempt charity</a> under the Charities Act 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-finstat_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finstat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university's governing body is the Court of Governors. It meets five times per year and is ultimately responsible for the effective conduct of the activities of the university, including its strategic development, educational character and mission, and finances. The members of the Court of Governors are the trustees of the charity.<sup id="cite_ref-finstat_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finstat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_Schools">Colleges and Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Colleges and Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Westminster is organised into three colleges and 12 schools, within which there are around 65 departments and research centres: </p> <ul><li>College of Design, Creative and Digital Industries, incorporating the School of Architecture and Cities, the School of Computer Science and Engineering, the Westminster School of Arts and the Westminster School of Media and Communications.</li> <li>College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, incorporating the School of Humanities, the School of Life Sciences, the School of Social Sciences and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Law_School" title="Westminster Law School">Westminster Law School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Business_School" title="Westminster Business School">Westminster Business School</a>, including the School of Applied Management, the School of Finance and Accounting, the School of Management and Marketing and the School of Organisations, Economy and Society.</li></ul> <p>The University is also home to the institute for Modern and Contemporary Culture, the Centre for the Study of Democracy and the <a href="/wiki/Policy_Studies_Institute" title="Policy Studies Institute">Policy Studies Institute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Westminster had an income of £205.1<i> </i>million for 2017–2018, of which more than £22<i> </i>million was from funding grants, research grants and contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-finstat_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finstat-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of University of Westminster </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg/400px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Westminster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="1885" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Crest</dt> <dd>Upon a Helm with a Wreath Argent and Murrey A demi-Lion Murrey winged Argent grasping with the dexter foreclaw a Battle Axe in bend sinister Murrey its blade Argent and resting the sinister forepaw on a Book Murrey charged on the front board with a Portcullis chained Argent. Mantled Murrey Doubled Argent.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Murrey a Portcullis chained argent on a Chief also Argent an open Book Murrey its pages Argent and inscribed with the word Veritas Sable between two Tudor Roses barbed and seeded proper.</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>Dexter a Ram Argent gorged with an eastern crown Murrey and supporting a representation of the Lord High Chancellor's Mace Or; Sinister A Lion rampant Or supporting a Tilting Spear Argent; a Compartment of grass proper and water barry wavy Argent and Azure.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>'The Lord is our strength'</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The university's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> was granted on 17 May 1993. The predecessor <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_of_Central_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytechnic of Central London">Polytechnic of Central London</a> used the colours of claret and silver and this was adapted into the murrey and argent livery of the arms. The <a href="/wiki/Portcullis" title="Portcullis">portcullis</a> is taken from the arms of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a> whilst the open book symbolises learning. The late <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, who agreed to continue as the patron on the formation of the university, is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a>, a royal badge. The motto of the university, "The Lord is our Strength", is influenced by Quintin Hogg and his Young Men's Christian Institute. The open book on the <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a> contains a Latin motto which reads as "<i><a href="/wiki/Veritas" title="Veritas">Veritas</a></i>", meaning "truth". </p><p>In the crest the demi lion with battle axe comes from the arms of Sir George Cayley. He founded the Royal Polytechnic Institution in 1838 on the site of the present University's Regent Street campus. Cayley was an engineer and inventor and pioneer aviator, hence the wings added to the lion. The lion supports a book charged with a portcullis. </p><p>The ram supporter comes from the arms of Quniton Hogg's grandson, Lord Hailsham, Lord High Chancellor. The Hogg family continued their association with the University through four generations. The lion with a tilting spear comes from the Studd family arms. The Studds worked closely with Quintin Hogg and in the running of The Polytechnic. </p><p>The Compartment depicts the situation of Westminster on the banks of the River Thames.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">Rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Complete_University_Guide" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Complete</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-Complete_League_Table_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Complete_League_Table-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">118</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Guardian" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Guardian</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_University_Guide_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">119</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Times/The_Sunday_Times" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Times / Sunday Times</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">120</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Global rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-QS_World_University_Rankings_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">741–750</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a></i> (2025)<sup id="cite_ref-THE_World_University_Rankings_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">801–1000</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Westminster offers Bachelor's, Master's, and <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctoral</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degrees</a> as well as certificates and diplomas at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. More than two thirds of Westminster's programmes are recognised by the appropriate <a href="/wiki/Professional_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional bodies">professional bodies</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Computer_Society" title="British Computer Society">BCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Psychological_Society" title="British Psychological Society">BPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Building" title="Chartered Institute of Building">CIOB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Association_of_Building_Engineers" title="Chartered Association of Building Engineers">CABE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Civil_Engineers" title="Institution of Civil Engineers">ICE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">RICS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Health_Professions_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Professions Council">HPC</a> etc. in recognition of the high standards of relevance to the professions. </p><p>The university has numerous centres of research excellence and was ranked sixth in the UK and 40th globally for Media and Communications by <i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a></i> 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university was also ranked 15th for Art and Design in the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 18th in the UK for Architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i> Young University Rankings 2019, which lists the world's best under 50-year-old universities out of 351 universities, ranked Westminster 151–200 in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university achieved world leading and internationally excellent status for most of their work, ranking second for Communications, Cultural and Media Studies research,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WestminsterMDJMC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WestminsterMDJMC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6th for Art and Design research,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to the university performing strongly in Architecture and the Built Environment,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Geography and Environmental studies.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise, almost 80 per cent of Westminster's submitted research across 20 subject areas was judged to be of international quality. In 2013, Westminster was ranked joint second in the UK by the <a href="/wiki/Architects%27_Journal" title="Architects' Journal"><i>Architects’ Journal</i></a> in their "AJ Top 100" special issue.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Student life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Student Representative Council (SRC) was established at the polytechnic in 1933, to create a sense of unity and expand the social activities of its day students. The SRC was affiliated to the National Union of Students but initially restricted itself largely to social activities. </p><p>After 1945 it began to campaign on issues such as lifting a ban on religious or political activity within the Polytechnic, and establishing a formal Students’ Union. The ban was lifted in 1962 and a Union granted in 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Students'_Union"><span id="Students.27_Union"></span>Students' Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Students' Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UWSU_Logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/UWSU_Logo.gif/220px-UWSU_Logo.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/UWSU_Logo.gif/330px-UWSU_Logo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/UWSU_Logo.gif/440px-UWSU_Logo.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The logo of the University of Westminster Students' Union</figcaption></figure> <p><b>University of Westminster Students' Union</b> (UWSU) was founded in 1966 as The Polytechnic Students' Union. Its first President was Owen Spencer-Thomas (1966–1967).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1970s the newly formed Polytechnic of Central London Students’ Union (PCLSU) engaged in a strategy of protest and direct action. Against a backdrop of general social unrest, PCLSU campaigned against cuts in student grants, lack of accommodation and the rise in costs for overseas students. </p><p>After 1992, the Union was based primarily at the <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a> site, where the SU served all students across four of its campuses. It now has offices on all campuses. The union also operates a bar, The Undercroft, and the Loft venue, located on the <a href="/wiki/Harrow,_London" title="Harrow, London">Harrow</a> Campus. </p><p>The union has hosted to numerous musical events and gigs including <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most notably the first and only encounter between <a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream and Eric Clapton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The union is run by five elected Officer Trustees who are campus based. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_and_university_media">Student and university media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Student and university media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Smoke_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoke Radio">Smoke Radio</a> is a student-run radio station at the University of Westminster. It was founded in 2004 and broadcasts online from a studio in the university's Harrow campus. Since September 2005 the station has run a 24-hour playout system and broadcast a schedule of live programmes during the week. Smoke Radio has won numerous awards at the Student Radio Association Awards (SRA), and recorded a record six wins in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smoke TV is the <a href="/wiki/Student_television_station" title="Student television station">student television station</a> of the University of Westminster. Launched in September 2011 it is run by students and targeted at students.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station produces programmes covering campus news, film reviews and sport events and showcases student productions such as short films, TV shows, documentaries and music videos.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Press">Press</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1970 to 1992 the Students' Union published a magazine called McGarel. In the early 1990s, the Students' Union began expressing an interest in new print media, and <i>The Smoke</i> was conceived in 1992. However, in 2006, <i>The Smoke</i> briefly switched to a newspaper format, initially being published fortnightly during term time. The newspaper format was later scrapped for a much smaller magazine format. </p><p><i>The Quintin Hogg</i> (informally known as "The QH" or "The Hogg") was launched in September 2012 as a university-wide newspaper. The paper is circulated at all four of the university's campuses. </p><p>Past student publications included the <i>Polytechnic Magazine</i> (1935–1971), <i>Poly-hoo</i> (1938–1939), <i>The Poly Tribune</i> (1946), <i>Publicity Committee News</i> (1946), the <i>Journal of the Maths and Physics Department</i> (1945–1946), <i>the Student Forum</i> (1949–1953), <i>New Chameleon</i> (1962), <i>Polygon</i> (1963), <i>Polygen</i> (1964), <i>West One</i> (1966–1969), <i>McGarel</i> (1968–1993), and <i>Gen</i> (1970). </p><p>The university also publishes an annual alumni magazine, <i>Network</i>, as well as several academic student journals such as the <i>Law Review</i><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Wells Street Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_F.C." title="Polytechnic F.C.">Polytechnic F.C.</a></div> <p>Sport has played an important role at the institution since the late 19th century. In 1883, the athletic club, the Harriers, was established and was for many years the largest athletics club in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1908, the polytechnic organised the opening and closing ceremonies of the <a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908 London Olympic Games</a>, also hosting a venue at <a href="/wiki/The_Polytechnic_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Polytechnic Stadium">The Polytechnic Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiswick" title="Chiswick">Chiswick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1898, the polytechnic awarded the <a href="/wiki/Studd_Trophy" title="Studd Trophy">Studd Trophy</a>, an annual trophy for the best sports performance. Over the years, the award was given to sportsmen from various disciplines, such as <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">cycling</a>, but the majority of awards have been given to <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a> athletes. </p><p>Noted award holders include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Applegarth" title="Willie Applegarth">Willie Applegarth</a> (1912/13), <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> medallist sprinters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hill_(athlete)" title="Albert Hill (athlete)">Albert Hill</a> (1919/20), Olympic gold medallist and middle-distance runner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Edward" title="Harry Edward">Harry Edward</a> (1922), Olympic sprint bronze medallist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Pascoe" title="Alan Pascoe">Alan Pascoe</a> (1971/72/73/74/75), hurdler</li></ul> <p>The university has grounds in Chiswick on the Thames with boat house, tennis courts, athletics track and about 12 pitches. There are sports pitches and a sports hall at the Harrow campus while the Regent Campus has a gym, badminton courts and offers sports, martial arts and yoga classes. </p><p>In the 2017-18 basketball season, the Westminster Dragons won their first university title in over seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Westminster_alumni" class="mw-redirect" title="List of University of Westminster alumni">List of University of Westminster alumni</a></div> <p>Notable Westminster alumni (and others who attended) include: </p> <ul><li><b>Architects and sculptors</b> including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bennett_(architect)" title="Thomas Bennett (architect)">Sir Thomas Bennett</a> (architect and designer of <a href="/wiki/Saville_Theatre" title="Saville Theatre">Saville Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_England_Temple" title="London England Temple">London Mormon Temple</a>), <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bossom" title="Alfred Bossom">Alfred Bossom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Hotel_(Dallas,_Texas)" title="Magnolia Hotel (Dallas, Texas)">Magnolia Hotel</a>), <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Broderick" title="Laurence Broderick">Laurence Broderick</a> (sculptor of <i><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Bullring" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Bullring">The Bull</a></i>, Birmingham Bullring), <a href="/wiki/Ludo_Campbell-Reid" title="Ludo Campbell-Reid">Ludo Campbell-Reid</a> (<a href="/wiki/2004_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Olympic Games">2004 Olympic Games</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sir_Anthony_Caro" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Anthony Caro">Sir Anthony Caro</a> (<i>Dream City</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Sculpture_Park" title="Yorkshire Sculpture Park">Yorkshire Sculpture Park</a>), <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Dannatt" title="Trevor Dannatt">Trevor Dannatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Herron" title="Ron Herron">Ron Herron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walking_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking City">Walking City</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ian_Ritchie_(architect)" title="Ian Ritchie (architect)">Ian Ritchie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Courtyard_Theatre" title="Courtyard Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Company Courtyard Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Reina Sofia Museum of Modern Art</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fred_Roche" title="Fred Roche">Fred Roche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Development_Corporation" title="Milton Keynes Development Corporation">Milton Keynes Development</a>), <a href="/wiki/Alireza_Sagharchi" title="Alireza Sagharchi">Alireza Sagharchi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kings_Cross,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings Cross, London">Kings Cross</a> regeneration programme), <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Sinclair" title="Cameron Sinclair">Cameron Sinclair</a> (co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Architecture_for_Humanity" title="Architecture for Humanity">Architecture for Humanity</a>), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Webb_(architect)" title="Michael Webb (architect)">Michael Webb</a> (founding member of <a href="/wiki/Archigram" title="Archigram">Archigram</a>), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilford" title="Michael Wilford">Michael Wilford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lowry_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowry Centre">Lowry Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of the United Kingdom in Berlin">British Embassy in Berlin</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Wilkinson_(architect)" title="Chris Wilkinson (architect)">Chris Wilkinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gateshead_Millennium_Bridge" title="Gateshead Millennium Bridge">Gateshead Millennium Bridge</a>).</li> <li><b>Artists and photographers</b> including <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Atteck" title="Sybil Atteck">Sybil Atteck</a> (Trinidadian painter), <a href="/wiki/Norman_Blamey" title="Norman Blamey">Norman Blamey</a> (<i>Ordination</i>, <i>The Lavabo</i>), <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_Brill" title="John Frederick Brill">John Frederick Brill</a> (creator of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bardia_Mural" title="Bardia Mural">Bardia Mural</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Fougasse_(cartoonist)" title="Fougasse (cartoonist)">Fougasse</a> (editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Punch_(magazine)" title="Punch (magazine)">Punch</a></i> magazine), <a href="/wiki/Iain_Macmillan" title="Iain Macmillan">Iain Macmillan</a> (photographer of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey Road (album)">Abbey Road</a></i> album), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeping" title="Charles Keeping">Charles Keeping</a> (children's author and lithographer <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables" title="Les Misérables">Les Misérables</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> and various works by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>) and <a href="/wiki/John_Ryan_(cartoonist)" title="John Ryan (cartoonist)">John Ryan</a> (animator and creator of <i><a href="/wiki/Captain_Pugwash" title="Captain Pugwash">Captain Pugwash</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Raheem_Kassam" title="Raheem Kassam">Raheem Kassam</a> (Editor-in-chief of <i>The National Pulse</i>).</li> <li><b>Authors and poets</b> including <a href="/wiki/Margery_Allingham" title="Margery Allingham">Margery Allingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Bang" title="Mary Jo Bang">Mary Jo Bang</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Barker_(poet)" title="George Barker (poet)">George Barker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samit_Basu" title="Samit Basu">Samit Basu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Crisp" title="Quentin Crisp">Quentin Crisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gascoyne" title="David Gascoyne">David Gascoyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Lemma" title="Mengistu Lemma">Mengistu Lemma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siddharth_Dhanvant_Sanghvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharth Dhanvant Sanghvi">Siddharth Dhanvant Sanghvi</a>.</li> <li><b>Business-oriented people</b> including Sinclair Beecham and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Metcalfe" title="Julian Metcalfe">Julian Metcalfe</a> (co-founders of <a href="/wiki/Pret_a_Manger" title="Pret a Manger">Pret à Manger</a>), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellinger" title="Robert Bellinger">Robert Bellinger</a> (former director of <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_F.C." title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal Football Club</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Cass" title="Wilfred Cass">Wilfred Cass</a> (businessman and philanthropist), <a href="/wiki/Moorad_Choudhry" title="Moorad Choudhry">Moorad Choudhry</a> (Managing Director at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland plc</a>), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_(television_executive)" title="Michael Jackson (television executive)">Michael Jackson</a> (former controller of <a href="/wiki/BBC1" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC1">BBC1</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC2" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC2">BBC2</a>, and Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Television" title="Universal Television">Universal Television</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tej_Lalvani" title="Tej Lalvani">Tej Lalvani</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Vitabiotics" title="Vitabiotics">Vitabiotics</a> and dragon on <i><a href="/wiki/Dragons%27_Den_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragons' Den (UK TV series)">Dragons' Den</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Adar_Poonawalla" title="Adar Poonawalla">Adar Poonawalla</a> (CEO of <a href="/wiki/Serum_Institute_of_India" title="Serum Institute of India">Serum Institute of India</a>).</li> <li><b>Entertainers and filmmakers</b> including <a href="/wiki/Raya_Abirached" title="Raya Abirached">Raya Abirached</a> (celebrity <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a>, and host of the hit <a href="/wiki/TV" class="mw-redirect" title="TV">TV</a> <a href="/wiki/Talent_show" title="Talent show">talent show</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Arabs_Got_Talent" title="Arabs Got Talent">Arabs Got Talent</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Babak_Anvari" title="Babak Anvari">Babak Anvari</a> (<a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a>-winning film director), <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Brooker" title="Charlie Brooker">Charlie Brooker</a> (<a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a>-nominated broadcaster), <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dunn_(cinematographer)" title="Andrew Dunn (cinematographer)">Andrew Dunn</a> (<a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> winning cinematographer <i><a href="/wiki/Edge_of_Darkness" title="Edge of Darkness">Edge of Darkness</a></i>, <i> <a href="/wiki/The_Bodyguard_(1992_film)" title="The Bodyguard (1992 film)">The Bodyguard</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Precious_(film)" title="Precious (film)">Precious</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Asif_Kapadia" title="Asif Kapadia">Asif Kapadia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> winning filmmaker <i><a href="/wiki/Senna_(film)" title="Senna (film)">Senna</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Amy_(2015_film)" title="Amy (2015 film)">Amy</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Max" title="Arthur Max">Arthur Max</a> (<a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a> nominated and <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> winning art director <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_(1995_film)" title="Seven (1995 film)">Se7en</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(2012_film)" title="Prometheus (2012 film)">Prometheus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_(film)" title="The Martian (film)">The Martian</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Seamus_McGarvey" title="Seamus McGarvey">Seamus McGarvey</a> (cinematographer <i><a href="/wiki/Atonement_(2007_film)" title="Atonement (2007 film)">Atonement</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Karenina_(2012_film)" title="Anna Karenina (2012 film)">Anna Karenina</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Showman" title="The Greatest Showman">The Greatest Showman</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Neal_Purvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neal Purvis">Neal Purvis</a> (scriptwriter <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> series including <i><a href="/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)" title="Casino Royale (2006 film)">Casino Royale</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Quantum_of_Solace" title="Quantum of Solace">Quantum of Solace</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(2015_film)" title="Spectre (2015 film)">Spectre</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Unwin_(comedian)" title="Stanley Unwin (comedian)">Stanley Unwin</a>.</li> <li><b>Fashion designers</b> including <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bailey_(fashion_designer)" title="Christopher Bailey (fashion designer)">Christopher Bailey</a> (Chief Executive and Chief Creative Officer at <a href="/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a>), <a href="/wiki/Markus_Lupfer" title="Markus Lupfer">Markus Lupfer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carri_Mundane" class="mw-redirect" title="Carri Mundane">Carri Mundane</a> (founder and creative designer at <a href="/wiki/CassettePlaya" class="mw-redirect" title="CassettePlaya">CassettePlaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Vevers" title="Stuart Vevers">Stuart Vevers</a> (executive creative director at <a href="/wiki/Coach_New_York" title="Coach New York">Coach</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood" title="Vivienne Westwood">Vivienne Westwood</a>.</li> <li><b>Journalists and commentators</b> including <a href="/wiki/Mo_Abudu" title="Mo Abudu">Mo Abudu</a> (media mogul), <a href="/wiki/Talal_Al-Haj" title="Talal Al-Haj">Talal Al-Haj</a> (New York bureau chief for the <a href="/wiki/Al-Arabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arabiya">Al-Arabiya</a> news network), <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Gracie" title="Carrie Gracie">Carrie Gracie</a> (journalist and newsreader at <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>), <a href="/wiki/James_King_(film_critic)" title="James King (film critic)">James King</a> (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> film critic), <a href="/wiki/Riz_Lateef" title="Riz Lateef">Riz Lateef</a> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">BBC London</a> newsreader), <a href="/wiki/Annie_Nightingale" title="Annie Nightingale">Annie Nightingale</a> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a> DJ), <a href="/wiki/Rob_Powell_(journalist)" title="Rob Powell (journalist)">Rob Powell</a> (political correspondent at <i><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ronson" title="Jon Ronson">Jon Ronson</a> (journalist and author of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_Who_Stare_At_Goats" class="mw-redirect" title="The Men Who Stare At Goats">The Men Who Stare At Goats</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Brian_Whitaker" title="Brian Whitaker">Brian Whitaker</a> (former Middle East editor at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> newspaper) and <a href="/wiki/Sian_Williams" title="Sian Williams">Sian Williams</a> (principal presenter at <i><a href="/wiki/5_News" title="5 News">5 News at 5</a></i>).</li> <li><b>Musicians</b> including <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Alvares" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline Alvares">Caroline Alvares</a> (member of <a href="/wiki/Four_of_Diamonds" title="Four of Diamonds">Four of Diamonds</a>), <a href="/wiki/Amir_Amor" title="Amir Amor">Amir Amor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rudimental" title="Rudimental">Rudimental</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nika_Boon" title="Nika Boon">Nika Boon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciaran_Jeremiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciaran Jeremiah">Ciaran Jeremiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Jeremiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Jeremiah">Kevin Jeremiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jones_(bassist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Jones (bassist)">Richard Jones</a> (members of the pop group <a href="/wiki/The_Feeling" title="The Feeling">The Feeling</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nick_Mason" title="Nick Mason">Nick Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(musician)" title="Richard Wright (musician)">Richard Wright</a> (members of the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winning rock group <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sigala" title="Sigala">Sigala</a> (DJ and record producer), <a href="/wiki/Al_Shux" title="Al Shux">Al Shux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winning producer) and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts" title="Charlie Watts">Charlie Watts</a> (member of the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winning rock group <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>).</li> <li><b>Politicians</b> including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Xuereb" title="Paul Xuereb">Paul Xuereb</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President of Malta</a> 1987–1989), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Otedola" title="Michael Otedola">Sir Michael Otedola</a> (Former Governor of Lagos State, Nigeria), <a href="/wiki/Rafik_Abdessalem" title="Rafik Abdessalem">Rafik Abdessalem</a> (Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tunisia), <a href="/wiki/Janet_Anderson" title="Janet Anderson">Janet Anderson</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rossendale_and_Darwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossendale and Darwen">Rossendale and Darwen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ayorkor_Botchway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirley Ayorkor Botchway">Shirley Ayorkor Botchway</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghanaian</a> Minister of Foreign Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Chalker,_Baroness_Chalker_of_Wallasey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynda Chalker, Baroness Chalker of Wallasey">Lynda Chalker, Baroness Chalker of Wallasey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> politician), <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Cox,_Baroness_Cox" title="Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox">Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox</a> (politician and lobbyist), <a href="/wiki/Susan_Cunliffe-Lister,_Baroness_Masham_of_Ilton" title="Susan Cunliffe-Lister, Baroness Masham of Ilton">Susan Cunliffe-Lister, Baroness Masham of Ilton</a> (Crossbencher and member of the House of Lords), <a href="/wiki/Natascha_Engel" title="Natascha Engel">Natascha Engel</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for North East Derbyshire), <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Fraser" title="Christopher Fraser">Christopher Fraser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> politician and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/South_West_Norfolk_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency)">South West Norfolk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Grieve" title="Dominic Grieve">Dominic Grieve</a> (Former <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> MP for <a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Beaconsfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Beaconsfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Attorney General for England and Wales">Attorney General for England and Wales</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hasbani" title="Ghassan Hasbani">Ghassan Hasbani</a> (Former Deputy Prime Minister for <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>), <a href="/wiki/David_Lepper" title="David Lepper">David Lepper</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for Brighton Pavilion), <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Omar_Osman" title="Abdirahman Omar Osman">Abdirahman Omar Osman</a> (Former Mayor of Mogadishu - killed in 2019 by the armed group <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gloria_de_Piero" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloria de Piero">Gloria de Piero</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for Ashfield), <a href="/wiki/Mark_Versallion" title="Mark Versallion">Mark Versallion</a> (Councillor and Treasurer for the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bowen_Wells" title="Bowen Wells">Bowen Wells</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> for Hertford and Stortford), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(politician)" title="Peter Whittle (politician)">Peter Whittle</a>, British politician, author, journalist and broadcaster, and <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Wrighting" title="Rosie Wrighting">Rosie Wrighting</a> (Labour MP for Kettering).</li> <li><b>Engineers and Scientists</b> including Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> (Awarded the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Medicine</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Abel" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Augustus Abel">Frederick Augustus Abel</a> (chemist and inventor of cordite), <a href="/wiki/Seweryn_Chomet" title="Seweryn Chomet">Seweryn Chomet</a> (theoretical physicist), <a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_Downs" title="Diarmuid Downs">Sir Diarmuid Downs</a> (former President of the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Institution of Mechanical Engineers">Institution of Mechanical Engineers</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lewis_R._B._Elton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis R. B. Elton">Lewis R. B. Elton</a> (physicist and researcher in education), <a href="/wiki/George_Hockham" title="George Hockham">George Hockham</a> (engineer and pioneer in research for fiber-optics), <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Palmer_(car_designer)" title="Gerald Palmer (car designer)">Gerald Palmer</a> (Car designer, including <a href="/wiki/Jowett_Javelin" title="Jowett Javelin">Jowett Javelin</a> and <a href="/wiki/MG_Magnette" title="MG Magnette">MG Magnette</a>), <a href="/wiki/Walter_Eric_Spear" title="Walter Eric Spear">Walter Eric Spear</a> (physicist and pioneer of thin film displays) and <a href="/wiki/Armand_de_Waele" title="Armand de Waele">Armand de Waele</a> (chemist and rheologist).</li> <li><b>Sports people</b> including <a href="/wiki/Lambros_Athanassoulas" title="Lambros Athanassoulas">Lambros Athanassoulas</a> (Greek rally driver), <a href="/wiki/Colin_Charvis" title="Colin Charvis">Colin Charvis</a> (Captain of the Welsh national rugby team), <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gayler" title="Herbert Gayler">Herbert Gayler</a> (Olympic Cyclist and 12-hour record holder), <a href="/wiki/Neil_Laughton" title="Neil Laughton">Neil Laughton</a> (adventurer), <a href="/wiki/Ulhas_Koravi_Satyanarayan" title="Ulhas Koravi Satyanarayan">Ulhas Koravi Satyanarayan</a> (Indian professional basketball player), <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Susi" title="Dunia Susi">Dunia Susi</a> (England women's football player) and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Turner_(gymnast)" title="Frank Turner (gymnast)">Frank Turner</a> (three-times Olympics gymnast).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_faculty_and_staff">Notable faculty and staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable faculty and staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Cayley2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir George Cayley"><img alt="Sir George Cayley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/George_Cayley2.jpg/140px-George_Cayley2.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/George_Cayley2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="257" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cayley" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Cayley">Sir George Cayley</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Algernon Parsons"><img alt="Charles Algernon Parsons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg/132px-Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg/198px-Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg/264px-Charles_Algernon_Parsons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cherie Blair"><img alt="Cherie Blair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg/128px-Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg/193px-Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg/257px-Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="2281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Blair" title="Cherie Blair">Cherie Blair</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 89.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 87.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joshua Oppenheimer"><img alt="Joshua Oppenheimer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg/131px-Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg/196px-Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg/262px-Joshua_Oppenheimer_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Oppenheimer" title="Joshua Oppenheimer">Joshua Oppenheimer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prod_24630.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Henry Pepper"><img alt="John Henry Pepper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Prod_24630.jpg/123px-Prod_24630.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Prod_24630.jpg/185px-Prod_24630.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Prod_24630.jpg/246px-Prod_24630.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pepper" title="John Henry Pepper">John Henry Pepper</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Notable former Westminster faculty and staff include <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cayley" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir George Cayley">Sir George Cayley</a> (the father of aeronautical engineering), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a> (engineer and inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbine</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Aldred" title="Rachel Aldred">Rachel Aldred</a> (academic specializing in <a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">active mobility</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tom_Ang" title="Tom Ang">Tom Ang</a> (photographer and <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> presenter), <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Blair" title="Cherie Blair">Cherie Blair</a> (senior barrister, wife of former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>), <a href="/wiki/Harpal_Brar" title="Harpal Brar">Harpal Brar</a> (founder and former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)</a>), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton_(journalist)" title="Richard Burton (journalist)">Richard Burton</a> (visiting lecturer and managing editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Chronicle">Jewish Chronicle</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Garnham" title="Nicholas Garnham">Nicholas Garnham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> in the field of media studies), <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Groves" title="Andrew Groves">Andrew Groves</a> (fashion designer), <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Grubb" title="Catherine Grubb">Catherine Grubb</a>, artist (taught at Harrow School of Art),<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mayer_Hillman" title="Mayer Hillman">Mayer Hillman</a> (senior fellow <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Policy_Studies_Institute" title="Policy Studies Institute">Policy Studies Institute</a>), <a href="/wiki/Peter_H_Millard" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter H Millard">Peter H Millard</a> (president of the UK <a href="/wiki/Nosokinetics" title="Nosokinetics">Nosokinetics</a> Group), <a href="/wiki/Chantal_Mouffe" title="Chantal Mouffe">Chantal Mouffe</a> (political theorist), <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> (prominent <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">modernist</a> figure in <a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry_in_English" title="Modernist poetry in English">poetry</a>), <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Oppenheimer" title="Joshua Oppenheimer">Joshua Oppenheimer</a> (Oscar nominated filmmaker), <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Pepper" title="John Henry Pepper">John Henry Pepper</a> (scientist and inventor), <a href="/wiki/Jean_Seaton" title="Jean Seaton">Jean Seaton</a> (professor of media history and official historian of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Waterhouse" title="Alfred Waterhouse">Alfred Waterhouse</a> (architect and designer of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a>), <a href="/wiki/George_Checkley" title="George Checkley">George Checkley</a> (Modernist architect) and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Winston" title="Brian Winston">Brian Winston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emmy" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy">Emmy</a> award-winning documentary script writer). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/11px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/17px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/22px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/19px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/29px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/38px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_UK_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of UK universities">Armorial of UK universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in the UK">List of universities in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_Touring_Association" title="Polytechnic Touring Association">Polytechnic Touring Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-1992_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-1992 universities">Post-1992 universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragged_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragged School">Ragged School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-accounts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-accounts_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accounts_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accounts_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/sites/default/public-files/general-documents/financial-year-report-2022.pdf">"Report and Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 July 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Westminster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+and+Financial+Statements+for+the+Year+Ended+31+July+2022&rft.pub=University+of+Westminster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fpublic-files%2Fgeneral-documents%2Ffinancial-year-report-2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HESA_citation-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HESA_citation_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESA_citation_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HESA_citation_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study">"Where do HE students study?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Statistics_Agency" title="Higher Education Statistics Agency">Higher Education Statistics Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+do+HE+students+study%3F&rft.pub=Higher+Education+Statistics+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hesa.ac.uk%2Fdata-and-analysis%2Fstudents%2Fwhere-study&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-University_of_Westminster:_Facts_and_figures-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-University_of_Westminster:_Facts_and_figures_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/for-the-media/facts-and-figures">"University of Westminster: Facts and figures"</a>. <i>University of Westminster</i>. 1 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902065716/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Westminster&rft.atitle=University+of+Westminster%3A+Facts+and+figures&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Ffor-the-media%2Ffacts-and-figures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Granta_Editions-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Granta_Editions_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeedon2008" class="citation book cs1">Weedon, Brenda (2008). <i>The Education of the Eye – History of the Royal Polytechnic Institution 1838–1881</i>. Cambridge: Granta Editions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Education+of+the+Eye+%E2%80%93+History+of+the+Royal+Polytechnic+Institution+1838%E2%80%931881&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Granta+Editions&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Weedon&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-university/global-westminster/global-partner-network/westminster-international-university-in-tashkent">"Westminster International University in Tashkent"</a>. University of Westminster. 29 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190829000730/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-university/global-westminster/global-partner-network/westminster-international-university-in-tashkent">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Westminster+International+University+in+Tashkent&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-university%2Fglobal-westminster%2Fglobal-partner-network%2Fwestminster-international-university-in-tashkent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2016" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Goolistan (29 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getwestlondon.co.uk/news/west-london-news/university-westminster-celebrates-double-success-10965060">"Double Oscars success for University of Westminster graduates"</a>. <i>getwestlondon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170715214959/http://www.getwestlondon.co.uk/news/west-london-news/university-westminster-celebrates-double-success-10965060">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=getwestlondon&rft.atitle=Double+Oscars+success+for+University+of+Westminster+graduates&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Goolistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getwestlondon.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwest-london-news%2Funiversity-westminster-celebrates-double-success-10965060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/royal-polytechnic-institution">"Royal Polytechnic Institution"</a>. London Remembers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055216/http://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/royal-polytechnic-institution">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Polytechnic+Institution&rft.pub=London+Remembers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonremembers.com%2Fsubjects%2Froyal-polytechnic-institution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1837prospectus-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1837prospectus_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archivesearch.westminster.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=RPI%2f2%2f8">"Prospectus of an institution for the advancement of the arts and practical science, 5 Cavendish Square and Regent Street, London, 14 December 1837, UWA/RPI/2/8"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prospectus+of+an+institution+for+the+advancement+of+the+arts+and+practical+science%2C+5+Cavendish+Square+and+Regent+Street%2C+London%2C+14+December+1837%2C+UWA%2FRPI%2F2%2F8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchivesearch.westminster.ac.uk%2FCalmView%2FRecord.aspx%3Fsrc%3DCalmView.Catalog%26id%3DRPI%252f2%252f8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd2002" class="citation journal cs1">Ackroyd, J. A. D. (2002). "Sir George Cayley, the Father of Aeronautics. Part 1. The Invention of the Aeroplane". <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>56</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">167–</span>181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2002.0176">10.1098/rsnr.2002.0176</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3557665">3557665</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145644737">145644737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Sir+George+Cayley%2C+the+Father+of+Aeronautics.+Part+1.+The+Invention+of+the+Aeroplane&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145644737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3557665%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2002.0176&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=J.+A.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGernsheim1986" class="citation book cs1">Gernsheim, Helmut (1986). <i>A Concise history of photography</i>. Courier Dover Publications. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+history+of+photography&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Gernsheim&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooker2013" class="citation book cs1">Brooker, Jeremy (2013). <i>The Temple of Minerva: Magic and the Magic Lantern at the Royal Polytechnic Institution London, 1887–1901</i>. The Magic Lantern Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Temple+of+Minerva%3A+Magic+and+the+Magic+Lantern+at+the+Royal+Polytechnic+Institution+London%2C+1887%E2%80%931901&rft.pub=The+Magic+Lantern+Society&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Brooker&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeehan2019" class="citation book cs1">Meehan, Paul (2019). <i>The Haunted House on Film</i>. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Haunted+House+on+Film&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghost-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ghost_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ghost_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recordsandarchives.westminster.ac.uk/archive-blog/ghosts-and-pantos-at-the-rpi/">"Ghosts and Pantos at the RPI"</a>. University of Westminster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ghosts+and+Pantos+at+the+RPI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecordsandarchives.westminster.ac.uk%2Farchive-blog%2Fghosts-and-pantos-at-the-rpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogg1904" class="citation book cs1">Hogg, Ethel Mary (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quintinhoggbiogr00hoggiala"><i>Quintin Hogg: a biography</i></a>. London: Constable.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quintin+Hogg%3A+a+biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Ethel+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquintinhoggbiogr00hoggiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Educating Mind, Body and Spirit: The legacy of Quintin Hogg and The Polytechnic, 1864–1992</i>. Cambridge: Granta Editions. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Educating+Mind%2C+Body+and+Spirit%3A+The+legacy+of+Quintin+Hogg+and+The+Polytechnic%2C+1864%E2%80%931992&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Granta+Editions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardianreopening-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardianreopening_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis-Petersen2015" class="citation web cs1">Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (6 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/05/regent-street-cinema-reopen-35-years">"Remaking a classic: Regent Street Cinema to reopen doors after 35 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160910131227/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/05/regent-street-cinema-reopen-35-years">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Remaking+a+classic%3A+Regent+Street+Cinema+to+reopen+doors+after+35+years&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.aulast=Ellis-Petersen&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fmay%2F05%2Fregent-street-cinema-reopen-35-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1265181" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1265181?section=official-list-entry">"University of Westminster (formerly Regent Street Polytechnic), Non Civil Parish (1265181)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=University+of+Westminster+%28formerly+Regent+Street+Polytechnic%29%2C+Non+Civil+Parish+%281265181%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1265181%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1996" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Lynne (19 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=92086&sectioncode=26">"Honorary degrees"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i>. TSL Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521161041/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=92086&sectioncode=26">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Honorary+degrees&rft.date=1996-01-19&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fstory.asp%3FstoryCode%3D92086%26sectioncode%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-university/court-of-governors">"Court of Governors"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150705235954/http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-university/court-of-governors">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Court+of+Governors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-university%2Fcourt-of-governors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-heritage">"Our heritage"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706024910/http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-heritage">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-heritage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=166811&sectioncode=26">"Westminster to open Uzbekistan branch"</a>. Times Higher Education. 25 January 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130200454/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=166811&sectioncode=26">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Westminster+to+open+Uzbekistan+branch&rft.date=2002-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2Fstory.asp%3FstoryCode%3D166811%26sectioncode%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140905112606/http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-heritage/175-years">"Publications"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-heritage/175-years">the original</a> on 5 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-heritage%2F175-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.ac.uk/study/prospective-students/student-life-in-london/explore-our-campuses">"Explore our campuses"</a>. <i>University of Westminster</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151010195542/http://www.westminster.ac.uk/study/prospective-students/student-life-in-london/explore-our-campuses">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Westminster&rft.atitle=Explore+our+campuses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fstudy%2Fprospective-students%2Fstudent-life-in-london%2Fexplore-our-campuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529150819/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-06-15/news/28419277_1_london-zoo-inaugurate-westminster-university">"Sarah Brown to inaugurate Ambika P3 gallery at Westminster"</a>. The Economic Times. 15 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-06-15/news/28419277_1_london-zoo-inaugurate-westminster-university">the original</a> on 29 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sarah+Brown+to+inaugurate+Ambika+P3+gallery+at+Westminster&rft.date=2008-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2008-06-15%2Fnews%2F28419277_1_london-zoo-inaugurate-westminster-university&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finstat-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finstat_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finstat_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finstat_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/sites/default/public-files/general-documents/financial-statements-2017.pdf">"Report and Financial Statements of the year ended 31 July 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Westminster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828234932/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/sites/default/public-files/general-documents/financial-statements-2017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+and+Financial+Statements+of+the+year+ended+31+July+2017&rft.pub=University+of+Westminster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fpublic-files%2Fgeneral-documents%2Ffinancial-statements-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>University of Westminster Undergraduate Prospectus for Entry 1995</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Complete_League_Table-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Complete_League_Table_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings">"Complete University Guide 2025"</a>. The Complete University Guide. 14 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complete+University+Guide+2025&rft.pub=The+Complete+University+Guide&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk%2Fleague-tables%2Frankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_University_Guide_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/ng-interactive/2024/sep/07/the-guardian-university-guide-2025-the-rankings">"Guardian University Guide 2025"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 7 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+University+Guide+2025&rft.date=2024-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Fng-interactive%2F2024%2Fsep%2F07%2Fthe-guardian-university-guide-2025-the-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/uk-university-rankings/league-table">"Good University Guide 2025"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. 20 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Good+University+Guide+2025&rft.date=2024-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Fuk-university-rankings%2Fleague-table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QS_World_University_Rankings_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings">"QS World University Rankings 2025"</a>. Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. 4 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+2025&rft.pub=Quacquarelli+Symonds+Ltd.&rft.date=2024-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fworld-university-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THE_World_University_Rankings_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/world-ranking">"THE World University Rankings 2025"</a>. Times Higher Education. 9 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+World+University+Rankings+2025&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft.date=2024-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2025%2Fworld-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/feb/28/qs-world-university-rankings-2018-communications-and-media-studies">"QS World Rankings For Communication & Media Studies"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 28 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828234922/https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2018/feb/28/qs-world-university-rankings-2018-communications-and-media-studies">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=QS+World+Rankings+For+Communication+%26+Media+Studies&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fhigher-education-network%2F2018%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fqs-world-university-rankings-2018-communications-and-media-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2019/art-design">"QS World Rankings For Art and Design"</a>. <i>QS</i>. 1 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506235518/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2019/art-design">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=QS&rft.atitle=QS+World+Rankings+For+Art+and+Design&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Funiversity-subject-rankings%2F2019%2Fart-design&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2019/architecture">"QS World Rankings For Architecture"</a>. <i>QS</i>. 1 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190712065221/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2019/architecture">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=QS&rft.atitle=QS+World+Rankings+For+Architecture&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Funiversity-subject-rankings%2F2019%2Farchitecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/young-university-rankings">"Young University Rankings"</a>. <i>Times Higher Education (THE)</i>. 20 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626213556/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2019/young-university-rankings">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=Young+University+Rankings&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2019%2Fyoung-university-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-communication">"RAE 2008: communication, culture and media studies results"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 18 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510102945/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-communication">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=RAE+2008%3A+communication%2C+culture+and+media+studies+results&rft.date=2008-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Ftable%2F2008%2Fdec%2F18%2Frae-2008-communication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WestminsterMDJMC-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WestminsterMDJMC_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/Journals/THE/THE/18_December_2008/attachments/RAE_2008_THE_RESULTS.pdf"><i>THE 2008 RAE subject ratings</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, THE, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116101544/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/Journals/THE/THE/18_December_2008/attachments/RAE_2008_THE_RESULTS.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+2008+RAE+subject+ratings&rft.pub=THE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk%2FJournals%2FTHE%2FTHE%2F18_December_2008%2Fattachments%2FRAE_2008_THE_RESULTS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-art-and-design">"RAE 2008: art and design results"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 18 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510100058/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-art-and-design">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=RAE+2008%3A+art+and+design+results&rft.date=2008-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Ftable%2F2008%2Fdec%2F18%2Frae-2008-art-and-design&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-architecture">"RAE 2008: architecture results"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 18 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510085710/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-architecture">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=RAE+2008%3A+architecture+results&rft.date=2008-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Ftable%2F2008%2Fdec%2F18%2Frae-2008-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-geography-environment-studies">"RAE 2008: geography and environmental studies results"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 18 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095555/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-geography-environment-studies">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=RAE+2008%3A+geography+and+environmental+studies+results&rft.date=2008-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2Ftable%2F2008%2Fdec%2F18%2Frae-2008-geography-environment-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2013/architecture-ranked-2nd-in-uk">"Architecture ranked second in the UK"</a>. <i>University of Westminster</i>. 23 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831171642/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2013/architecture-ranked-2nd-in-uk">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Westminster&rft.atitle=Architecture+ranked+second+in+the+UK&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2013%2Farchitecture-ranked-2nd-in-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Poly Identikit No 1</i>. West One, 13 October 1966, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101231052438/http://musictravellerstwo.blogspot.com/2009/10/fleetwood-mac-1968-04-27-london.html">"The Clock That Went Backwards Again: Fleetwood Mac - 1968-04-27 - London"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musictravellerstwo.blogspot.com/2009/10/fleetwood-mac-1968-04-27-london.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Clock+That+Went+Backwards+Again%3A+Fleetwood+Mac+-+1968-04-27+-+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusictravellerstwo.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F10%2Ffleetwood-mac-1968-04-27-london.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVulliamy2010" class="citation news cs1">Vulliamy, Ed (8 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/08/jimi-hendrix-40th-anniversary-death">"Jimi Hendrix: 'You never told me he was that good'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209105102/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/08/jimi-hendrix-40th-anniversary-death">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jimi+Hendrix%3A+%27You+never+told+me+he+was+that+good%27&rft.date=2010-08-08&rft.aulast=Vulliamy&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2010%2Faug%2F08%2Fjimi-hendrix-40th-anniversary-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2018/smoke-radio-success-at-the-student-radio-awards-2018">"Smoke Radio success at the Student Radio Awards 2018"</a>. 9 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831194908/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2018/smoke-radio-success-at-the-student-radio-awards-2018">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smoke+Radio+success+at+the+Student+Radio+Awards+2018&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fsmoke-radio-success-at-the-student-radio-awards-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mixcloud.com/smokeradio/">"Mixcloud"</a>. <i>Mixcloud</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806061527/https://www.mixcloud.com/smokeradio/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mixcloud&rft.atitle=Mixcloud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mixcloud.com%2Fsmokeradio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news/smoke-radio-nominated-for-5-student-radio-awards-including-best-student-radio-station">"Smoke Radio nominated for 5 Student Radio Awards including Best Student Radio Station | University of Westminster, London"</a>. <i>www.westminster.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806061529/https://www.westminster.ac.uk/news/smoke-radio-nominated-for-5-student-radio-awards-including-best-student-radio-station">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.westminster.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Smoke+Radio+nominated+for+5+Student+Radio+Awards+including+Best+Student+Radio+Station+%26%23124%3B+University+of+Westminster%2C+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fsmoke-radio-nominated-for-5-student-radio-awards-including-best-student-radio-station&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwsu.com/groups/smoke-radio-4093">"Smoke Radio @ University of Westminster Students' Union"</a>. <i>www.uwsu.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421184256/https://www.uwsu.com/groups/smoke-radio-4093">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uwsu.com&rft.atitle=Smoke+Radio+%40+University+of+Westminster+Students%27+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwsu.com%2Fgroups%2Fsmoke-radio-4093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://audioboom.com/streams/1117063">"Smoke Radio"</a>. <i>audioboom.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814205544/https://audioboom.com/streams/1117063">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=audioboom.com&rft.atitle=Smoke+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faudioboom.com%2Fstreams%2F1117063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/smokeradiovideo/about">"Smoke Radio - YouTube"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806061527/https://www.youtube.com/user/smokeradiovideo/about">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=Smoke+Radio+-+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fuser%2Fsmokeradiovideo%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131101148/http://smokeradio.co.uk/listen/">"Smoke Radio | The Westminster University Station. For Students, By Students"</a>. 31 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smokeradio.co.uk/listen/">the original</a> on 31 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smoke+Radio+%26%23124%3B+The+Westminster+University+Station.+For+Students%2C+By+Students.&rft.date=2016-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmokeradio.co.uk%2Flisten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smokeradio.co.uk/">"Smoke Radio | The Westminster University Station. For Students, By Students"</a>. 20 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160220001339/http://www.smokeradio.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smoke+Radio+%26%23124%3B+The+Westminster+University+Station.+For+Students%2C+By+Students.&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smokeradio.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwsu.com/content/764373/smoke_media/smoke_tv/">"University of Westminster Students' Union website"</a>. 19 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120420201133/http://www.uwsu.com/content/764373/smoke_media/smoke_tv/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Westminster+Students%27+Union+website&rft.date=2012-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwsu.com%2Fcontent%2F764373%2Fsmoke_media%2Fsmoke_tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606005855/http://www.smoketv.co.uk/">"Smoke TV website"</a>. 19 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smoketv.co.uk/">the original</a> on 6 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smoke+TV+website&rft.date=2012-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smoketv.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminsterlawreview.org/about.php">"About"</a>. <i>Westminster Law Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070050/http://www.westminsterlawreview.org/about.php">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westminster+Law+Review&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminsterlawreview.org%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140402151155/http://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/humanities/2014/launch-of-the-wells-street-journal">"LAUNCH OF THE WELLS STREET JOURNAL"</a>. <i>University of Westminster</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/humanities/2014/launch-of-the-wells-street-journal">the original</a> on 2 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Westminster&rft.atitle=LAUNCH+OF+THE+WELLS+STREET+JOURNAL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster.ac.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2Fhumanities%2F2014%2Flaunch-of-the-wells-street-journal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewellsstreetjournalsubmit.wordpress.com/about/">"About"</a>. <i>Well Street Journal</i>. 12 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407140043/http://thewellsstreetjournalsubmit.wordpress.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Well+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=About&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthewellsstreetjournalsubmit.wordpress.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxVamplewJarvie2000" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Richard; Vamplew, Wray; Jarvie, Grant (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JWQTAQAAIAAJ&q=Encyclopedia+of+British+sport++Richard+William+Cox,+Wray+Vamplew,+Grant+Jarvie"><i>Encyclopedia of British sport</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">232–</span>238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-344-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-344-1"><bdi>978-1-85109-344-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902065716/https://books.google.com/books?id=JWQTAQAAIAAJ&q=Encyclopedia+of+British+sport++Richard+William+Cox%2C+Wray+Vamplew%2C+Grant+Jarvie">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+British+sport&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E232-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-344-1&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Vamplew%2C+Wray&rft.au=Jarvie%2C+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJWQTAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DEncyclopedia%2Bof%2BBritish%2Bsport%2B%2BRichard%2BWilliam%2BCox%2C%2BWray%2BVamplew%2C%2BGrant%2BJarvie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2009" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Steve (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aqKRl0a6ZI8C&q=For+God,+England+%26+Ethel"><i>For God, England & Ethel</i></a>. Trafford Publishing. p. 334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4251-8973-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4251-8973-0"><bdi>978-1-4251-8973-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902065716/https://books.google.com/books?id=aqKRl0a6ZI8C&q=For+God%2C+England+%26+Ethel">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+God%2C+England+%26+Ethel&rft.pages=334&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4251-8973-0&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaqKRl0a6ZI8C%26q%3DFor%2BGod%2C%2BEngland%2B%2526%2BEthel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster-basketball.com/2019/09/15/westminster-graduate-ulhas-ks-ready-to-star-in-indias-new-streetball-league-3v3/">"Westminster Graduate Ulhas KS ready to star in India's new Streetball League 3v3"</a>. <i>westminster-basketball.com</i>. 15 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=westminster-basketball.com&rft.atitle=Westminster+Graduate+Ulhas+KS+ready+to+star+in+India%27s+new+Streetball+League+3v3&rft.date=2019-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster-basketball.com%2F2019%2F09%2F15%2Fwestminster-graduate-ulhas-ks-ready-to-star-in-indias-new-streetball-league-3v3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/696/000091423/">"Alexander Fleming Biography"</a>. NNDB. 22 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115231321/http://www.nndb.com/people/696/000091423/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alexander+Fleming+Biography&rft.date=2012-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F696%2F000091423%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.questors.org.uk/prods/1993/playboy/docs/prog.pdf">"Etchings and Drawings by Catherine Grubb"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Questors Archives</i>. The Questors Theatre. 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902065715/http://archive.questors.org.uk/prods/1993/playboy/docs/prog.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Questors+Archives&rft.atitle=Etchings+and+Drawings+by+Catherine+Grubb&rft.date=1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.questors.org.uk%2Fprods%2F1993%2Fplayboy%2Fdocs%2Fprog.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Westminster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Education of the Eye: History of the Royal Polytechnic Institution 1838–1881</i> Granta Editions (November 2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85757-097-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85757-097-9">1-85757-097-9</a>.</li> <li><i>An Education in Sport: Competition, Communities and Identities at the University of Westminster since 1864</i> Granta Editions (March 2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85757-108-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85757-108-8">1-85757-108-8</a></li> <li><i>Educating Mind, Body and Spirit: The legacy of Quintin Hogg and the Polytechnic, 1864–1992</i> Granta Editions (April 2013) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85757-117-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85757-117-7">1-85757-117-7</a></li> <li><i>160 Years of Innovation: the Polytechnic Institution to the University of Westminster 1838–1998</i> (1998).</li> <li><i>The Quintin School 1886–1956: a brief history</i> by L C B Seaman (1957).</li> <li><i>Quintin Hogg, a Biography</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mary_Wood" title="Ethel Mary Wood">Ethel Mary Wood</a> (June 2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Westminster" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:University of Westminster">University of Westminster</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.ac.uk">University of Westminster Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uwsu.com">University of Westminster Students' Union</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Westminster631" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#C74375;color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Westminster" title="Template:University of Westminster"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Westminster" title="Template talk:University of Westminster"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Westminster" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Westminster"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Westminster631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">University of Westminster</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C74375;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%;background:#4169E1;color:#FFFFFF;">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4169E1;color:#FFFFFF;">Centres and <br />Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Centre" title="China Media Centre">China Media Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Docwest">Docwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Studies_Institute" title="Policy Studies Institute">Policy Studies Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Business_School" title="Westminster Business School">Westminster Business School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#4169E1;color:#FFFFFF;">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Boat_Club" title="Quintin Boat Club">University of Westminster Boathouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintin_and_Alice_Hogg_Memorial" title="Quintin and Alice Hogg Memorial">Quintin and Alice Hogg Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_International_University_in_Tashkent" title="Westminster International University in Tashkent">Westminster International University in Tashkent</a> (WIUT)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Westminster banner with logo"><img alt="University of Westminster banner with logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg/150px-University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg/225px-University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg/300px-University_of_Westminster_Banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C74375;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%;background:#4169E1;color:#FFFFFF;">Athletics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_United_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover United F.C.">Hanover United F.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_F.C." title="Polytechnic F.C.">Polytechnic F.C.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Polytechnic_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="The Polytechnic Stadium">The Polytechnic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studd_Trophy" title="Studd Trophy">Studd Trophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C74375;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%;background:#4169E1;color:#FFFFFF;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Chancellor</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frances_Sorrell" title="Frances Sorrell">Frances Sorrell</a></dd> <dt>Vice-Chancellor</dt> <dd>Peter Bonfield</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_the_University_of_Westminster" title="List of alumni of the University of Westminster">Notable alumni</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Notable_faculty_and_staff">Notable faculty and staff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C74375;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%;background:#4169E1;color:#FFFFFF;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster_Press" title="University of Westminster Press">University of Westminster Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C74375;color:#FFFFFF;;font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Westminster" title="Category:University of Westminster"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Westminster" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:University of Westminster"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Commons</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom229" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Student radio in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Student radio in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Student radio in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Student radio in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air3_Radio" title="Air3 Radio">Air3 Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailrigg_FM" title="Bailrigg FM">Bailrigg FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_1386AM" title="Blast 1386AM">Blast 1386AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_Radio" title="Blast Radio">Blast Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BurnFM.com" title="BurnFM.com">BurnFM.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_Radio" title="Burst Radio">Burst Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_FM" title="Cam FM">Cam FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSR_97.4FM" title="CSR 97.4FM">CSR 97.4FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_FM" title="Demon FM">Demon FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Forge Radio">Forge Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreshAir.org.uk" title="FreshAir.org.uk">FreshAir.org.uk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_FM_(Petroc)" title="Fresh FM (Petroc)">Fresh FM (Petroc)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_FM" title="Fuse FM">Fuse FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hub_Radio" title="Hub Radio">Hub Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Radio" title="Imperial College Radio">Imperial College Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insanity_Radio_103.2FM" title="Insanity Radio 103.2FM">Insanity Radio 103.2FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kube_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Kube Radio">Kube Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Student_Radio" title="Leeds Student Radio">Leeds Student Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livewire_(radio_station)" title="Livewire (radio station)">Livewire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_Radio" title="Nerve Radio">Nerve Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCAR_Radio" title="OSCAR Radio">OSCAR Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxide_Radio" title="Oxide Radio">Oxide Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse!_Radio" title="Pulse! Radio">Pulse! Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_FM_(Portsmouth)" title="Pure FM (Portsmouth)">Pure FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Radio" title="Purple Radio">Purple Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Radio" title="Queen's Radio">Queen's Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_LaB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio LaB">Radio LaB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RamAir" title="RamAir">RamAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_FM" title="Rare FM">Rare FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAW_1251AM" title="RAW 1251AM">RAW 1251AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RED_Radio" title="RED Radio">RED Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_FM" title="Siren FM">Siren FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoke Radio">Smoke Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Radio" title="Source Radio">Source Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_Sunderland" title="Spark Sunderland">Spark Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_Radio" title="Stag Radio">Stag Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcity_Radio" title="Subcity Radio">Subcity Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surge_Radio" title="Surge Radio">Surge Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKC_Radio" title="UKC Radio">UKC Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Radio_Bath" title="University Radio Bath">University Radio Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Radio_Essex" title="University Radio Essex">University Radio Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Radio_Nottingham" title="University Radio Nottingham">University Radio Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Radio_York" title="University Radio York">University Radio York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xpression_FM" title="Xpression FM">Xpression FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Broadcast_Network" title="Student Broadcast Network">Student Broadcast Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association#The_Student_Radio_Awards_(SRAs)" title="Student Radio Association">The Student Radio Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_London353" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Template:Universities and colleges in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_London353" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universities and colleges in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Education_in_London" title="Education in London">Education in London</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_London" title="Category:Universities and colleges in London">Universities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University <br /> of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunel University London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City,_University_of_London" title="City, University of London">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld Institute of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="St George's, University of London">St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">University of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's University London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Association_School_of_Architecture" title="Architectural Association School of Architecture">Architectural Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Institute" title="Bloomsbury Institute">Bloomsbury Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Art_School" title="City and Guilds of London Art School">City and Guilds of London Art School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cond%C3%A9_Nast_College_of_Fashion_%26_Design" title="The Condé Nast College of Fashion & Design">The Condé Nast College of Fashion & Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_College_of_Business" title="Kensington College of Business">Kensington College of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Churchill_College" title="London Churchill College">London Churchill College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Interdisciplinary_School" title="London Interdisciplinary School">London Interdisciplinary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Business_and_Finance" title="London School of Business and Finance">London School of Business and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Journalism" title="London School of Journalism">London School of Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_College" title="Muslim College">Muslim College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_College_London" title="Pearson College London">Pearson College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Bruford_College" title="Rose Bruford College">Rose Bruford College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s_Institute_of_Art" title="Sotheby's Institute of Art">Sotheby's Institute of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_London_Christian_College" title="South London Christian College">South London Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_College,_London" title="St Patrick's College, London">St Patrick's College, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada,_the_National_College_for_Digital_Skills" title="Ada, the National College for Digital Skills">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barking_and_Dagenham_College" title="Barking and Dagenham College">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_and_Southgate_College" title="Barnet and Southgate College">Barnet and Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capel_Manor_College" title="Capel Manor College">Capel Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Islington_College" title="City and Islington College">City and Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Literary_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="City Literary Institute">City Lit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster_College" title="City of Westminster College">City of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_College" title="Croydon College">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Retail_Academy" title="Fashion Retail Academy">Fashion Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_College_of_Haringey,_Enfield_and_North_East_London" title="The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London">Haringey, Enfield and North East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_College" title="Harrow College">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_College_of_Further_and_Higher_Education" title="Havering College of Further and Higher Education">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambeth College">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisham_College" title="Lewisham College">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_East_Colleges" title="London South East Colleges">London South East Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marine_Society_College_of_the_Sea" title="The Marine Society College of the Sea">Marine Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ward_Centre" title="Mary Ward Centre">Mary Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley_College" title="Morley College">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_City_College" title="New City College">New City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_College_of_Further_Education" title="Newham College of Further Education">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_North_West_London" title="College of North West London">North West London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Hillcroft_Adult_Community_College" title="Richmond and Hillcroft Adult Community College">Richmond and Hillcroft Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_College" title="Richmond upon Thames College">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_College" title="Southwark College">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_College" title="Sutton College">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thames_Colleges_Group" title="South Thames Colleges Group">South Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmore_College" title="Stanmore College">Stanmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxbridge_College" title="Uxbridge College">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Forest_College" title="Waltham Forest College">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_London_College" title="West London College">West London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Thames_College" title="West Thames College">West Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Kingsway_College" title="Westminster Kingsway College">Westminster Kingsway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Educational_Association" title="Workers' Educational Association">Workers' Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Men%27s_College" title="Working Men's College">Working Men's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sixth form colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Creative_Academy" title="Big Creative Academy">Big Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSix_Sixth_Form_College" title="BSix Sixth Form College">BSix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_Sixth_Form_College" title="Christ the King Sixth Form College">Christ the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulsdon_Sixth_Form_College" title="Coulsdon Sixth Form College">Coulsdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_London_Arts_%26_Music" title="East London Arts & Music">ELAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haringey_Sixth_Form_College" title="Haringey Sixth Form College">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Westminster_Sixth_Form" title="Harris Westminster Sixth Form">Harris Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_Sixth_Form_College" title="Havering Sixth Form College">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin_College" title="John Ruskin College">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London_Mathematics_School" title="King's College London Mathematics School">King's London Maths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_Sixth_Form_College" title="Leyton Sixth Form College">Leyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Academy_of_Excellence" title="London Academy of Excellence">London Academy of Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Academy_of_Excellence_Tottenham" title="London Academy of Excellence Tottenham">London Academy of Excellence Tottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_Sixth_Form_College" title="Newham Sixth Form College">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newham_Collegiate_Sixth_Form_Centre" title="Newham Collegiate Sixth Form Centre">Newham Collegiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Catholic_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College">St Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Dominic%27s_Sixth_Form_College" title="St Dominic's Sixth Form College">St Dominic's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Xavier_College,_Clapham" title="Saint Francis Xavier College, Clapham">St Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Monoux_College" title="Sir George Monoux College">Sir George Monoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bank_University_Sixth_Form" title="South Bank University Sixth Form">South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_City_College" title="Tech City College">Tech City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Sixth_Form" title="William Morris Sixth Form">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_College" title="Woodhouse College">Woodhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">List</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom400" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Law schools in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Law schools in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law schools in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom400" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Legal_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legal education in the United Kingdom">Law schools in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_schools_in_England" title="Category:Law schools in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">University of London</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Law_School" title="City Law School">City</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Inns_of_Court_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Inns of Court School of Law">Inns of Court</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies" title="Institute of Advanced Legal Studies">Institute of Advanced Legal Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dickson_Poon_School_of_Law" title="The Dickson Poon School of Law">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_School_of_Law" title="SOAS School of Law">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCL_Faculty_of_Laws" title="UCL Faculty of Laws">UCL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BPP_Law_School" title="BPP Law School">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Law_School" title="Bristol Law School">Bristol UWE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Law_School" title="Durham Law School">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEA_Law_School" title="UEA Law School">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Law_and_Social_Sciences,_University_of_East_London" title="School of Law and Social Sciences, University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds Law School">Leeds Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Law School">Manchester Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Law School">Newcastle University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Law_School" title="Nottingham Law School">Nottingham Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Law,_Oxford_Brookes_University" title="School of Law, Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">University of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University_School_of_Law" title="Ulster University School of Law">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_schools_in_Scotland" title="Category:Law schools in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen_School_of_Law" title="University of Aberdeen School of Law">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_Law_School" title="Dundee Law School">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Law_School" title="Edinburgh Law School">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow_School_of_Law" title="University of Glasgow School of Law">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathclyde_Law_School" title="Strathclyde Law School">Strathclyde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_School_of_Law_and_Politics" title="Cardiff School of Law and Politics">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_School_of_Law" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton School of Law">Swansea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan_Law_School" title="Kaplan Law School">Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Institute_of_Legal_Practice" title="Oxford Institute of Legal Practice">Oxford Institute of Legal Practice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="font-size:95%;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Law schools in the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom734" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom734" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_England" title="List of universities in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University <br /> of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_of_London" title="Brunel University of London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="City St George's, University of London">City St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, The American International University in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Newman_University" title="Birmingham Newman University">Birmingham Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire" title="University of Central Lancashire">Central Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greater_Manchester" title="University of Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield" title="University of Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">LSTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sunderland" title="University of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_St_John_University" title="York St John University">York St. John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts University Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_University" title="Bath Spa University">Bath Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartpury_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts University Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">UWE Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">West of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">Wales Trinity Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_University" title="Wrexham University">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_British_overseas_territories" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Islands Law School">Cayman Islands Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="International College of the Cayman Islands">International College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_School_of_Medicine" title="Saint James School of Medicine">Saint James School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_University" title="St. Matthew's University">St. Matthew's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="University College of the Cayman Islands">University College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science,_Arts_and_Technology" title="University of Science, Arts and Technology">University of Science, Arts and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Crown dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Channel_Islands_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey">University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London_International_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London International Programmes">London International Programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_student_protests" title="2010 United Kingdom student protests">2010 United Kingdom student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by date of foundation">List by date of foundation</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient</a>; <a href="/wiki/Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">Third-oldest in England</a>; <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">Redbrick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate glass</a>; <a href="/wiki/Post-1992_university" title="Post-1992 university">Post-1992</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">List by endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">List by enrolment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">Degree abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">HEFCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">HEFCE</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_and_grants_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom">Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student unionism in the United Kingdom">Student unionism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Undergraduate degree classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Universities in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SGroup_European_Universities&#039;_Network70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Santander_Network" title="Template:Santander Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Santander_Network" title="Template talk:Santander Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Santander_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Santander Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SGroup_European_Universities&#039;_Network70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/SGroup_European_Universities%27_Network" title="SGroup European Universities' Network">SGroup European Universities' Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz_University_in_Pozna%C5%84" title="Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań">Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe%C8%99-Bolyai_University" title="Babeș-Bolyai University">Babeș-Bolyai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_University_of_Technology" title="Eindhoven University of Technology">Eindhoven University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">Ghent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble_Alpes_University" title="Grenoble Alpes University">Grenoble Alpes University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Giessen" title="University of Giessen">Justus Liebig University in Giessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_University" title="La Trobe University">La Trobe University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_University" title="Malmö University">Malmö University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Norwegian University of Science and Technology">Norwegian University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_University_of_Technology" title="Silesian University of Technology">Silesian University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_University" title="Tampere University">Tampere University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Valencia" title="Technical University of Valencia">Technical University of Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bayreuth" title="University of Bayreuth">University of Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cantabria" title="University of Cantabria">University of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Catania" title="University of Catania">University of Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cyprus" title="University of Cyprus">University of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gothenburg" title="University of Gothenburg">University of Gothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">University of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" title="University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Le Havre">University of Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="University of León">University of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lille" title="University of Lille">University of Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Messina" title="University of Messina">University of Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minho" title="University of Minho">University of Minho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ostrava" title="University of Ostrava">University of Ostrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Patras" title="University of Patras">University of Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Porto" title="University of Porto">University of Porto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rouen_Normandy" title="University of Rouen Normandy">University of Rouen Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rovira_i_Virgili" title="University of Rovira i Virgili">University of Rovira i Virgili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sarajevo" title="University of Sarajevo">University of Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Split" title="University of Split">University of Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Szczecin" title="University of Szczecin">University of Szczecin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Szeged" title="University of Szeged">University of Szeged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">University of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Valladolid" title="University of Valladolid">University of Valladolid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Studies_University" title="Shanghai International Studies University">Shanghai International Studies University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Andes_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Los Andes (Colombia)">University of Los Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Medical_University" title="Yerevan State Medical University">Yerevan State Medical University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247544#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1761" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247544#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1761" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247544#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000090468598">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137119888">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132112476">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5057369-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94047723">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81110763">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="University of Westminster"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0162146&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007604129805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/16af898f-5623-43ff-a883-957226eb7553">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00077606?l=en">CiNii</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00077945?l=en">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">ISIL</a>: GB-UkLoUW</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/077275888">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Westminster&params=51_31_01_N_0_08_35_W_region:GB-LND_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°31′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.51694°N 0.14306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.51694; -0.14306</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&oldid=1277112173">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&oldid=1277112173</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Westminster" title="Category:University of Westminster">University of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_of_informatics" title="Category:Schools of informatics">Schools of informatics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Category:Education in the City of Westminster">Education in the City of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_established_in_1838" title="Category:Universities and colleges established in 1838">Universities and colleges established in 1838</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1838_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1838 establishments in England">1838 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_London" title="Category:Universities in London">Universities in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_UK" title="Category:Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Student_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom">Student radio in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2021">Use dmy dates from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2019" title="Category:Use British English from August 2019">Use British English from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_template_HESA_student_population" title="Category:Articles using template HESA student population">Articles using template HESA student population</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_university" title="Category:Articles using infobox university">Articles using infobox university</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_university_with_the_image_name_parameter" title="Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter">Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_university_with_the_affiliations_parameter" title="Category:Pages using infobox university with the affiliations parameter">Pages using infobox university with the affiliations parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 February 2025, at 18:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Westminster&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Westminster</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>34 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-cqgbd","wgBackendResponseTime":628,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.274","walltime":"1.555","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7469,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":348888,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":65999,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":289437,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1265.162 1 -total"," 37.78% 477.983 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.33% 269.848 34 Template:Cite_web"," 18.17% 229.938 1 Template:Infobox_university"," 17.80% 225.175 2 Template:Infobox"," 13.41% 169.684 11 Template:Navbox"," 9.14% 115.668 1 Template:University_of_Westminster"," 8.03% 101.585 1 Template:Both"," 7.88% 99.657 1 Template:Langx"," 6.03% 76.335 15 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.759","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17636325,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7d44b9cd95-jr45p","timestamp":"20250222185613","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"University of Westminster","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Westminster","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1247544","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1247544","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-31T11:52:07Z","dateModified":"2025-02-22T18:56:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/a\/ab\/UniWestminster_Coat_of_Arms.png","headline":"university in Westminster, UK"}</script> </body> </html>