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id="toc-Arrival_of_the_Grimaldi_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1400–1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1400–1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1400–1800 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1400–1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_quarters_and_modern_geographic_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_quarters_and_modern_geographic_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Traditional quarters and modern geographic areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_quarters_and_modern_geographic_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Wards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gambling_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambling_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Gambling industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambling_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low_taxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_taxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Low taxes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_taxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numismatics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numismatics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Numismatics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numismatics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.1 Catholicism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican_Communion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican_Communion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.2 Anglican Communion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican_Communion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reformed_Church_of_Monaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reformed_Church_of_Monaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.3 Reformed Church of Monaco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reformed_Church_of_Monaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charismatic_Episcopal_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charismatic_Episcopal_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.4 Charismatic Episcopal Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charismatic_Episcopal_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_Fellowship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_Fellowship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.5 Christian Fellowship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_Fellowship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.6 Greek Orthodoxy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Orthodox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Orthodox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1.7 Russian Orthodox </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Orthodox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Hinduism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.4 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formula_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formula_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Formula One </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formula_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monégasque_Formula_1_drivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monégasque_Formula_1_drivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Monégasque Formula 1 drivers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monégasque_Formula_1_drivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formula_E" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formula_E"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Formula E </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formula_E-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monte_Carlo_Rally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monte_Carlo_Rally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Monte Carlo Rally </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monte_Carlo_Rally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Rugby </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Basketball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_boxing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_boxing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Professional boxing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_boxing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Other sports and events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_in_Monaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_in_Monaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Museums in Monaco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_in_Monaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events,_festivals,_and_shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events,_festivals,_and_shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Events, festivals, and shows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events,_festivals,_and_shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bread_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bread_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Bread Festival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bread_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_Gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_Gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Parks and Gardens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_Gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Primary and secondary schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Colleges and universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Flag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Relations with other countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Monaco</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 259 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-259" aria-hidden="true" > 259 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monak%C3%B4" title="Monakô – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Monakô" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%8A%93%E1%8A%AE" title="ሞናኮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞናኮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88" title="موناكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موناكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mónegue" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90%DC%A9%DC%98" title="ܡܘܢܐܩܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܢܐܩܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%84%D6%85" title="Մոնաքօ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մոնաքօ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monac%C3%B4" title="Monacô – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Monacô" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3nacu" title="Mónacu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mónacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3nako" title="Mónako – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mónako" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موناکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موناکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="মোনাকো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোনাকো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Манака – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Манака – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="མོ་ན་ཁོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མོ་ན་ཁོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2naco" title="Mònaco – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mònaco" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mónaco" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacu" title="Monacu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Monacu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88" title="موناكو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موناكو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%86%DE%AF" title="މޮނާކޯ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މޮނާކޯ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Μονακό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μονακό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Монако Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Монако Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mónaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3nacu" title="Mónacu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mónacu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موناکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موناکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monac%C3%B3" title="Monacó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Monacó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mónaco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B" title="મોનૅકો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોનૅકો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌺𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌺𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनॅको – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="मोनॅको" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%82%98%EC%BD%94" title="모나코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모나코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8" title="Մոնակո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոնակո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako_(lando)" title="Monako (lando) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Monako (lando)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="মোনাকো – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মোনাকো" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_(principato)" title="Monaco (principato) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Monaco (principato)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mónaco" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3nak%C3%B3" title="Mónakó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mónakó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principato_di_Monaco" title="Principato di Monaco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principato di Monaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95" title="מונקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monakoo" title="Monakoo – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Monakoo" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A" title="ಮೊನಾಕೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊನಾಕೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaku" title="Monaku – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Monaku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="მონაკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონაკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2nak%C3%B2" title="Mònakò – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Mònakò" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monakoa" title="Monakoa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Monakoa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako_(peyi)" title="Monako (peyi) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Monako (peyi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81" title="ປະເທດໂມນາໂກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໂມນາໂກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaks" title="Monaks – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Monaks" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principatus_Monoeci" title="Principatus Monoeci – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Principatus Monoeci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monakas" title="Monakas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prin%C3%A7ipatu_de_Mu%CC%8Dnegu" title="Prinçipatu de Mu̍negu – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Prinçipatu de Mu̍negu" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monak%C3%B3" title="Monakó – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Monakó" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principad_de_Monegh" title="Principad de Monegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Principad de Monegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4nak%C3%B4" title="Mônakô – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mônakô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B" title="മൊണാക്കോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊണാക്കോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manako" title="Manako – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Manako" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनॅको – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोनॅको" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="მონაკო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მონაკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88" title="موناكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موناكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موناکو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موناکو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3" title="ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မိုနာကိုနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုနာကိုနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B3" title="モナコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モナコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prencepato_%27e_M%C3%B2naco" title="Prencepato 'e Mònaco – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Prencepato 'e Mònaco" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mónegue" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Монако онлык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Монако онлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaakoo" title="Monaakoo – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Monaakoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B" title="ਮੋਨਾਕੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਨਾਕੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موناکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موناکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موناکو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="موناکو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manako" title="Manako – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Manako" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC" title="ម៉ូណាកូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ូណាកូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinsip%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_M%C3%B2naco" title="Prinsipà ëd Mònaco – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Prinsipà ëd Mònaco" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Μονακό – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μονακό" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3naco" title="Mónaco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mónaco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munaku" title="Munaku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Munaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="मोनाको – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मोनाको" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱢᱳᱱᱟᱠᱳ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱳᱱᱟᱠᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2naco" title="Mònaco – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mònaco" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principatu_di_M%C3%B2nacu" title="Principatu di Mònacu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Principatu di Mònacu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D" title="මොනාකෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොනාකෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AA%D9%88" title="موناڪو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موناڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMonakho" title="IMonakho – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMonakho" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%8Dnako" title="Mōnako – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mōnako" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%86" title="مۆناکۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆناکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monakokondre" title="Monakokondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Monakokondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="மொனாக்கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொனாக்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munaku" title="Munaku – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Munaku" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munaku" title="Munaku – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Munaku" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prengep%C3%A1te_de_Monache" title="Prengepáte de Monache – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Prengepáte de Monache" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းမူဝ်ႇၼႃႉၶူဝ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမူဝ်ႇၼႃႉၶူဝ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B" title="మొనాకో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొనాకో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3naku" title="Mónaku – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Mónaku" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="ประเทศโมนาโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโมนาโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%AA" title="ᎹᎾᎪ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᎾᎪ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Монако – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монако" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88" title="موناکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موناکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88" title="موناكو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="موناكو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinsipato_de_M%C3%B2naco" title="Prinsipato de Mònaco – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Prinsipato de Mònaco" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monak%C3%A4n" title="Monakän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Monakän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%B4%8D%E5%93%A5" title="摩納哥 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="摩納哥" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaako" title="Monaako – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Monaako" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="摩纳哥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90" title="מאנאקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנאקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3nak%C3%B2" title="Mónakò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mónakò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%B4%8D%E5%93%A5" title="摩納哥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="摩納哥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Monaco" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muonaks" title="Muonaks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muonaks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="摩纳哥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%8Dnako" title="Mọnako – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mọnako" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Monako" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monako" title="Monako – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Monako" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Monaco&params=43_43_52_N_07_25_12_E_type:city_region:MC">43°43′52″N 07°25′12″E / 43.73111°N 7.42000°E / 43.73111; 7.42000</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City-state and microstate on the French Riviera</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city-state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Monaco_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Monaco (disambiguation)">Monaco (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Principality of Monaco</div><div class="ib-country-names">Principauté de Monaco (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>) Prinçipatu de Mùnegu (<a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_dialect" title="Monégasque dialect">Monégasque</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Monaco"><img alt="Flag of Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/120px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/180px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/240px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" title="Flag of Monaco">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Monaco"><img alt="Coat of arms of Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg/90px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg/135px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg/180px-Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_house_of_Grimaldi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1703" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco" title="Coat of arms of Monaco"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049405">.mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}</style>"Deo Juvante<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405">" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) (English: "With God's Help")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049405"><a href="/wiki/Hymne_Mon%C3%A9gasque" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymne Monégasque">Hymne Monégasque</a>" (English: "Hymn of Monaco") <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="78" data-mwtitle="Monaco_National_Anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Monaco_National_Anthem.ogg/Monaco_National_Anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Monaco_National_Anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMonaco_National_Anthem.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_Europe_Location.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Monaco (green) in Europe (dark grey)"><img alt="Location of Monaco (green) in Europe (dark grey)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monaco_Europe_Location.svg/250px-Monaco_Europe_Location.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monaco_Europe_Location.svg/375px-Monaco_Europe_Location.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monaco_Europe_Location.svg/500px-Monaco_Europe_Location.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Monaco (green)in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (dark grey)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monaco_City" title="Monaco City">Monaco</a> (<a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Monaco&params=43_43_52_N_07_25_12_E_type:city_region:MC">43°43′52″N 07°25′12″E / 43.73111°N 7.42000°E / 43.73111; 7.42000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest quarter</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_of_France" title="French of France">French</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">Common languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_language" title="Ligurian language">Ligurian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Monégasque people">Monégasques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Occitans" title="Occitans">Occitans</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>86.0% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>80.9% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Monaco" title="Catholic Church in Monaco">Catholicism</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)<a href="#cite_note-MonacoReligion-2">[2]</a></li> <li>5.1% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>11.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></li><li>0.4% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li><li>0.2% other<a href="#cite_note-Survey-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Monégasque</li><li><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Monaco" title="Politics of Monaco">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Semi-constitutional_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-constitutional monarchy">semi-constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Minister of State</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Guillaume" title="Didier Guillaume">Didier Guillaume</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">National Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">House of Grimaldi</a> (under the sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 January 1297</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• from the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 May 1814</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• from occupation of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 June 1814</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mon%C3%A9gasque_Treaties" title="Franco-Monégasque Treaties">Franco-Monégasque Treaty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 February 1861</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Monaco" title="Constitution of Monaco">Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 January 1911</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Monaco">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.08 km2 (0.80 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">194th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible<a href="#cite_note-monacodata-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Monaco" title="Demographics of Monaco">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 38,367<a href="#cite_note-census-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">190th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,446/km2 (47,774.9/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2015 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$7.672 billion<a href="#cite_note-WF-7">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">165th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $115,700<a href="#cite_note-WF-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2022<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_infoboxb">[b]</a> estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $8.784 billion<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $240,862<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1 (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Monaco" title="Telephone numbers in Monaco">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Monaco" title="Telephone numbers in Monaco">+377</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MC" title="ISO 3166-2:MC">MC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.mc" title=".mc">.mc</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_infoboxa">^</a> Government offices are located in the <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a> quarter.</li><li value="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_infoboxb">^</a> GDP per capita calculations include non-resident workers from France and Italy.</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Monaco,<a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> officially the Principality of Monaco,<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign</a> <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_microstates" title="European microstates">microstate</a> on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a> a few kilometres west of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Italian region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">semi-enclave</a> bordered by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to the north, east and west. The <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> is home to 38,682 residents,<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> of whom 9,486 are Monégasque nationals;<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> it is recognised as one of the wealthiest and most expensive places in the world.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> is <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_dialect" title="Monégasque dialect">Monégasque</a>, English and Italian are spoken and understood by many residents.<a href="#cite_note-17">[c]</a> With an area of 2.08 km2 (0.80 sq mi), Monaco is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">second-smallest</a> sovereign state in the world, after <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. Its population of 38,367 in 2023 makes it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">most densely populated</a> sovereign state. Monaco has the world's shortest coastline: 3.83 km (2.38 mi).<a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> The principality is about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Italy_border" title="France–Italy border">border with Italy</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> and consists of nine administrative wards, the largest of which is <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>. The principality is governed under a form of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Albert II">Prince Albert II</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, who wields political power despite his constitutional status. The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">prime minister</a>, who is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, can be either a Monégasque or French citizen; the monarch consults with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government of France</a> before an appointment. Key members of the judiciary are detached French magistrates.<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">House of Grimaldi</a> has ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, since 1297.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> The state's sovereignty was officially recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mon%C3%A9gasque_Treaties" title="Franco-Monégasque Treaties">Franco-Monégasque Treaty of 1861</a>, with Monaco becoming a full <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> voting member in 1993. Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defence is the responsibility of France, besides maintenance of two <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Monaco">small military units</a>. Monaco's economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with the opening of the state's first casino, the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Casino" title="Monte Carlo Casino">Monte Carlo Casino</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Marseille%E2%80%93Ventimiglia_railway" title="Marseille–Ventimiglia railway">rail connection</a> to Paris.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> Monaco's mild climate, scenery, and gambling facilities have contributed to its status as a tourist destination and recreation centre for the rich. Monaco has become a major banking centre and sought to diversify into the services sector and small, <a href="/wiki/High_value_products" title="High value products">high-value-added</a>, non-polluting industries. Monaco is a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a>; it has no personal <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> (except for French citizens) and <a href="/wiki/Tax_rates_around_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax rates around the world">low business taxes</a>. Over 30% of residents are millionaires,<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> with real estate prices reaching €100,000 ($116,374) per square metre in 2018. Monaco is a global hub of money laundering, and in June 2024 the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force" title="Financial Action Task Force">Financial Action Task Force</a> placed Monaco under increased monitoring to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-dw-25">[22]</a> Monaco is not part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), but <a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">participates in certain EU policies</a>, including customs and border controls. Through its relationship with France, Monaco uses the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> as its sole currency. Monaco joined the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> in 2004 and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a> (OIF). It hosts the annual motor race, the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco Grand Prix</a>, one of the original Grands Prix of <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>. The local motorsports association gives its name to the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</a>, hosted in January in the <a href="/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">French Alps</a>. The principality has a club football team, <a href="/wiki/AS_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="AS Monaco">AS Monaco</a>, which competes in French <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a> and been <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_football_champions" title="List of French football champions">French champions</a> on multiple occasions, and a basketball team, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/EuroLeague" title="EuroLeague">EuroLeague</a>. A centre of research into <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">marine conservation</a>, Monaco is home to one of the world's first protected marine habitats,<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> an <a href="/wiki/Oceanographic_Museum_of_Monaco" title="Oceanographic Museum of Monaco">Oceanographic Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> Marine Environment Laboratories, the only <a href="/wiki/Marine_laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine laboratory">marine laboratory</a> in the UN structure.<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Monaco" title="History of Monaco">History of Monaco</a></div> Monaco's name comes from the nearby 6th-century BC <a href="/wiki/Phocaea" title="Phocaea">Phocaean</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> colony. Referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Ligurians</a> as Monoikos, from the Greek "μόνοικος", "single house", from "μόνος" (monos) "alone, single"<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> + "οἶκος" (oikos) "house".<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> According to an ancient myth, <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a> passed through the Monaco area and turned away the previous gods.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> As a result, a temple was constructed there. Because this "House" of Hercules was the only temple in the area, the city was called Monoikos.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> It ended up in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, which gave it to the Genoese.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] An ousted branch of a Genoese family, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">Grimaldi</a>, contested it for a hundred years before gaining control. Though the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> would last until the 19th century, they allowed the Grimaldi family to keep Monaco, and, likewise, both France and Spain left it alone for hundreds of years. France did not annex it until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, but after the defeat of Napoleon it was put under the care of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>. In the 19th century, when <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> became a part of Italy, the region came under French influence but France allowed it to remain independent. Like France, Monaco was overrun by the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> during the Second World War and for a short time was administered by Italy, then <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, before being liberated. Although the occupation lasted for just a short time, it resulted in the deportation of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> population and execution of several <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> members from Monaco. Since then Monaco has been independent. It has taken some steps towards <a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">integration with the European Union</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_the_Grimaldi_family">Arrival of the Grimaldi family</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg/170px-Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg/255px-Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg/340px-Raniero_I_de_M%C3%B3naco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rainier_I_of_Monaco,_Lord_of_Cagnes" title="Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes">Rainier I</a>, victor of the naval battle at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zierikzee" title="Battle of Zierikzee">Zierikzee</a> and first sovereign Grimaldi ruler of Monaco</figcaption></figure> Following a grant of land from Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> in 1191, Monaco was refounded in 1215 as a colony of Genoa.<a href="#cite_note-state1-34">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a> Monaco was first ruled by a member of the House of Grimaldi in 1297, when <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Grimaldi" title="François Grimaldi">Francesco Grimaldi</a>, known as "Malizia" (translated from Italian either as "The Malicious One" or "The Cunning One"), and his men captured the fortress protecting the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Monaco" title="Rock of Monaco">Rock of Monaco</a> while dressed as <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> friars – a monaco in Italian – although this is a coincidence as the area was already known by this name.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> Francesco was evicted a few years later by the Genoese forces, and the struggle over "the Rock" continued for another century.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> The Grimaldi family was Genoese and the struggle was something of a family feud. The Genoese engaged in other conflicts, and in the late 1300s Genoa lost Monaco after fighting the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> over <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-explorethemed.com-38">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> eventually became part of a united Spain, and other parts of the land grant came to be integrated piecemeal into other states. Between 1346 and 1355, Monaco annexed the towns of <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a>, increasing its territory by almost ten times.<a href="#cite_note-explorethemed.com-38">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1400–1800">1400–1800</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italia_1494-it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Italia_1494-it.svg/220px-Italia_1494-it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Italia_1494-it.svg/330px-Italia_1494-it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Italia_1494-it.svg/440px-Italia_1494-it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3481" data-file-height="4167" /></a><figcaption>Monaco (as part of the Republic of Genoa) in 1494</figcaption></figure> In 1419, the Grimaldi family purchased Monaco from the Crown of Aragon and became the official and undisputed rulers of "the Rock of Monaco". In 1612, <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoré II">Honoré II</a> began to style himself "Prince" of Monaco.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> In the 1630s, he sought French protection against the Spanish forces and, in 1642, was received at the court of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a> as a "duc et pair étranger".<a href="#cite_note-monacoangebote.de-40">[37]</a> The princes of Monaco became vassals of the French kings while at the same time remaining sovereign princes. Though successive princes and their families spent most of their lives in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and intermarried with French and Italian nobilities, the House of Grimaldi is Italian. The principality continued its existence as a protectorate of France until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:County_of_nice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/County_of_nice.svg/220px-County_of_nice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/County_of_nice.svg/330px-County_of_nice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/County_of_nice.svg/440px-County_of_nice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>A map of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> showing the area of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Italian kingdom of Sardinia</a> annexed in 1860 to France (light brown). The area in red had already become part of France before 1860</figcaption></figure> In 1793, Revolutionary forces captured Monaco and until 1814 it was occupied by the French (in this period much of Europe had been overrun by the French armies under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte).<a href="#cite_note-monacoangebote.de-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Monte-carlo.mc-42">[39]</a> The principality was reestablished in 1814 under the Grimaldis. It was designated a protectorate of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815.<a href="#cite_note-Monte-carlo.mc-42">[39]</a> Monaco remained in this position until 1860 when, by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turin_(1860)" title="Treaty of Turin (1860)">Treaty of Turin</a>, the Sardinian forces pulled out of the principality; the surrounding <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> (as well as <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>) was ceded to France.<a href="#cite_note-infoplease1-43">[40]</a> Monaco became a French protectorate once again. Italian was the official language in Monaco until 1860, when it was replaced by French.<a href="#cite_note-miglioverde-44">[41]</a> Before this time there was unrest in <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a>, where the townspeople had become weary of heavy taxation by the Grimaldi family. They declared their independence as the <a href="/wiki/Free_Cities_of_Menton_and_Roquebrune" title="Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune">Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune</a>, hoping for annexation by Sardinia. France protested. The unrest continued until <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Charles III, Prince of Monaco">Charles III of Monaco</a> gave up his claim to the two mainland towns (some 95% of the principality at the time) that had been ruled by the Grimaldi family for over 500 years.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> These were ceded to France in return for 4,100,000 francs.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> The transfer and Monaco's sovereignty were recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mon%C3%A9gasque_Treaties" title="Franco-Monégasque Treaties">Franco-Monégasque Treaty</a> of 1861. In 1869, the principality stopped collecting income tax from its residents — an indulgence the Grimaldi family could afford to entertain thanks solely to the extraordinary success of the casino.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> This made Monaco a playground for the rich and a favoured place for them to live.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_um_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Monaco_um_1900.jpg/220px-Monaco_um_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Monaco_um_1900.jpg/330px-Monaco_um_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Monaco_um_1900.jpg/440px-Monaco_um_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3231" data-file-height="2364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Photochrom" title="Photochrom">Photochrom</a> of Monaco circa 1900</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monegasque_Revolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Monegasque_Revolution.jpg/220px-Monegasque_Revolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Monegasque_Revolution.jpg/330px-Monegasque_Revolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Monegasque_Revolution.jpg/440px-Monegasque_Revolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>The Mayor of Monaco announcing concessions, ending the absolute monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert I, Prince of Monaco">Prince Albert I</a> in 1910</figcaption></figure> Until the <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_Revolution" title="Monégasque Revolution">Monégasque Revolution</a> of 1910 forced the adoption of the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Monaco" title="Constitution of Monaco">Constitution of Monaco</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Monaco" title="List of rulers of Monaco">princes of Monaco</a> were <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute rulers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> The new constitution slightly reduced the autocratic rule of the Grimaldi family and <a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert I, Prince of Monaco">Prince Albert I</a> suspended it during the First World War. In July 1918, a new <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mon%C3%A9gasque_Treaties" title="Franco-Monégasque Treaties">Franco-Monégasque Treaty</a> was signed, providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, endorsed in 1919 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, established that Monégasque international policy would be aligned with French political, military and economic interests. It also resolved the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_succession_crisis_of_1918" title="Monaco succession crisis of 1918">Monaco succession crisis</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg/220px-Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg/330px-Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg/440px-Prince_Rainier_III_and_Princess_Grace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco,_and_Grace_Kelly" title="Wedding of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly">marriage</a> of Hollywood actress <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Rainier III, Prince of Monaco">Prince Rainier III</a> brought media attention to the principality.</figcaption></figure> In 1943, the Italian Army <a href="/wiki/The_invasion_and_Occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="The invasion and Occupation of Monaco during World War II">invaded and occupied Monaco</a>, forming a <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> administration.<a href="#cite_note-monaco.alloexpat.com-50">[47]</a> In September 1943, after Mussolini's fall from power, the German <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> occupied Italy and Monaco, and the Nazi deportation of the Jewish population began. <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Blum_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="René Blum (ballet)">René Blum</a>, the prominent French Jew who founded the Ballet de l'Opéra in Monte Carlo, was arrested in his <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> home and held in the <a href="/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp" title="Drancy internment camp">Drancy</a> deportation camp outside the French capital before being transported to <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a>, where he was later murdered.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> Blum's colleague <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Gunsbourg" title="Raoul Gunsbourg">Raoul Gunsbourg</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Monte-Carlo" title="Opéra de Monte-Carlo">Opéra de Monte-Carlo</a>, helped by the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a>, escaped arrest and fled to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> In August 1944, the Germans executed René Borghini, Joseph-Henri Lajoux and Esther Poggio, who were Resistance leaders. <a href="/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Rainier III, Prince of Monaco">Rainier III</a>, succeeded to the throne on the death of his grandfather, Prince <a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Louis II, Prince of Monaco">Louis II</a>, in 1949, and ruled until 2005. On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a>, an event that was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> A 1962 amendment to the constitution abolished capital punishment, provided for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> and established a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Monaco" title="Supreme Court of Monaco">Supreme Court of Monaco</a> to guarantee fundamental liberties. In 1963, a crisis developed when <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> blockaded Monaco, angered by its status as a tax haven for wealthy French citizens.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> In 1993, the Principality of Monaco became a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, with full voting rights.<a href="#cite_note-infoplease1-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-cia-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco,_2016-06-23,_DD_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco%2C_2016-06-23%2C_DD_13.jpg/220px-Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco%2C_2016-06-23%2C_DD_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco%2C_2016-06-23%2C_DD_13.jpg/330px-Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco%2C_2016-06-23%2C_DD_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco%2C_2016-06-23%2C_DD_13.jpg/440px-Vista_de_M%C3%B3naco%2C_2016-06-23%2C_DD_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7973" data-file-height="4871" /></a><figcaption>View of Monaco in 2016</figcaption></figure> In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco specified that, should there be no heirs to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty, the principality would still remain an independent nation rather than revert to France. Monaco's military defense is still the responsibility of France.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> On 31 March 2005, <a href="/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Rainier III, Prince of Monaco">Rainier III</a>, who was too ill to exercise his duties, relinquished them to his only son and heir, Albert.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> He died six days later, after a reign of 56 years, with his son succeeding him as <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Prince of Monaco">Sovereign Prince of Monaco</a>. Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on 12 July 2005,<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> in a celebration that began with a solemn Mass at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas_Cathedral,_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Monaco">Saint Nicholas Cathedral</a>, where his father had been buried three months earlier. His accession to the Monégasque throne was a two-step event with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate reception, held on 18 November 2005, at the historic <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Palace_of_Monaco" title="Prince's Palace of Monaco">Prince's Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> On 27 August 2015, Albert II apologised for Monaco's role during World War II in facilitating the deportation of a total of 90 Jews and resistance fighters, of whom only nine survived. "We committed the irreparable in handing over to the neighbouring authorities women, men and a child who had taken refuge with us to escape the persecutions they had suffered in France," Albert said at a ceremony in which a monument to the victims was unveiled at the Monaco cemetery. "In distress, they came specifically to take shelter with us, thinking they would find neutrality."<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> In 2015, Monaco unanimously approved a modest <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Monaco" title="Land reclamation in Monaco">land reclamation</a> expansion intended primarily to accommodate desperately needed housing and a small green/park area.<a href="#cite_note-rivieratimes.com-62">[59]</a> Monaco had previously considered an expansion in 2008, but had called it off.<a href="#cite_note-rivieratimes.com-62">[59]</a> The plan is for about six <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> (15 acres) of apartment buildings, parks, shops and offices to a land value of about 1 billion <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thenational.ae-63">[60]</a> The development will be adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Larvotto" title="Larvotto">Larvotto</a> district and also will include a small marina.<a href="#cite_note-thenational.ae-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-mooringspot.com-64">[61]</a> There were four main proposals, and the final mix of use will be finalised as the development progresses.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> The name for the new district is <a href="/wiki/Le_Portier" title="Le Portier">Anse du Portier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mooringspot.com-64">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mareterra_2023_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mareterra_2023_1.jpg/220px-Mareterra_2023_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mareterra_2023_1.jpg/330px-Mareterra_2023_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mareterra_2023_1.jpg/440px-Mareterra_2023_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6960" data-file-height="4640" /></a><figcaption>Monaco coastline in October 2023, with a new apartment building</figcaption></figure> On 29 February 2020, Monaco announced its first case of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, a man who was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Grace_Hospital_Centre" title="Princess Grace Hospital Centre">Princess Grace Hospital Centre</a> then transferred to <a href="/wiki/Nice_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice University">Nice University</a> Hospital in France.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> On 3 September 2020, the first Monégasque satellite, OSM-1 CICERO, was launched into space from <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> aboard a <a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega rocket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> The satellite was built in Monaco by Orbital Solutions Monaco. In July 2024, Monaco hosted the start line for final 33 km stage of the 111th Tour de France bicycle race for the first time in 15 years.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_(50620422851).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_%2850620422851%29.jpg/600px-T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_%2850620422851%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_%2850620422851%29.jpg/900px-T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_%2850620422851%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_%2850620422851%29.jpg/1200px-T%C3%AAte_de_Chien_%2850620422851%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;">Panoramic view of Monaco from the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAte_de_Chien" title="Tête de Chien">Tête de Chien</a> (Dog's Head) high rock promontory in 2020. Cap Martin is the jut of land in the distance, the Mediterrean sea is south</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg/220px-Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg/330px-Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg/440px-Logo_Gouvernement_Princier_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the princely government of Monaco</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Monaco" title="Politics of Monaco">Politics of Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg/170px-Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg/255px-Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg/340px-Prince_Albert_II_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II, Prince of Monaco</a></figcaption></figure> Monaco has been governed under a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> since 1911, with the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Monaco">Sovereign Prince of Monaco</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a> consists of a <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Prime Minister</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, who presides over the other five members of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Government" title="Council of Government">Council of Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> Until 2002, the Prime Minister was a French citizen appointed by the prince from among candidates proposed by the Government of France; since a constitutional amendment in 2002, the Prime Minister can be French or Monégasque.<a href="#cite_note-state1-34">[31]</a> On 2 September 2024, Prince Albert II appointed a French citizen, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Guillaume" title="Didier Guillaume">Didier Guillaume</a>, to the office. Under the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Monaco" title="Constitution of Monaco">Constitution of Monaco</a>, the prince shares his <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> power with the <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">National Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> The 24 members of the National Council are elected for five-year terms; 16 are chosen through a majority electoral system and 8 by proportional representation.<a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse1-73">[70]</a> All legislation requires the approval of the National Council. Following the <a href="/wiki/2023_Monegasque_general_election" title="2023 Monegasque general election">2023 Monegasque general election</a>, all 24 seats are held by the pro-monarchist <a href="/wiki/Monegasque_National_Union" title="Monegasque National Union">Monegasque National Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> The principality's city affairs are managed by the <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Monaco" title="Municipality of Monaco">Municipality of Monaco</a>. The municipality is directed by the <a href="/wiki/Communal_Council_of_Monaco" title="Communal Council of Monaco">Communal Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-75">[72]</a> which consists of 14 elected members and is presided over by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Monaco" title="List of mayors of Monaco">mayor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Marsan" title="Georges Marsan">Georges Marsan</a> has been mayor since 2003. Unlike the National Council, communal councillors are elected for four-year terms<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> and are strictly <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">non-partisan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">oppositions</a> inside the council frequently form.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> Members of the judiciary of Monaco are appointed by the Sovereign Prince. Key positions within the judiciary are held by French magistrates, proposed by the Government of France. Monaco currently has three <a href="/wiki/Examining_magistrate" title="Examining magistrate">examining magistrates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Monaco">Law enforcement in Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Palace_Guards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Palace_Guards.jpg/220px-The_Palace_Guards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Palace_Guards.jpg/330px-The_Palace_Guards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Palace_Guards.jpg/440px-The_Palace_Guards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="1391" /></a><figcaption>Palace guards in Monaco</figcaption></figure> The wider defence of the nation is provided by France. Monaco has no navy or air force, but on both a per-capita and per-area basis, Monaco has one of the largest police forces (515 police officers for about 38,000 people) and police presences in the world.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> Its police includes a special unit which operates patrol and surveillance boats jointly with the military. Police forces in Monaco are commanded by a French officer.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> There is also a small <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Monaco">military force</a>. This consists of a bodyguard unit for the prince and his <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Palace_of_Monaco" title="Prince's Palace of Monaco">palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_Carabiniers_du_Prince" title="Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince">Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince</a> (Prince's Company of Carabiniers);<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> together with the militarised, armed fire and civil defence corps (<a href="/wiki/Corps_des_Sapeurs-Pompiers_de_Monaco" title="Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers de Monaco">Sapeurs-Pompiers</a>) it forms Monaco's total forces.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> The Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince was created by <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_IV,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco">Prince Honoré IV</a> in 1817 for the protection of the principality and the princely family. The company numbers exactly 116 officers and men; while the <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a> are local, the officers have generally served in the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>. In addition to their guard duties as described, the carabiniers patrol the principality's beaches and coastal waters.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Monaco" title="Land reclamation in Monaco">Land reclamation in Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_satellite_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Monaco_satellite_map.png/220px-Monaco_satellite_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Monaco_satellite_map.png/330px-Monaco_satellite_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Monaco_satellite_map.png/440px-Monaco_satellite_map.png 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Satellite view of Monaco, with the France–Monaco border shown in yellow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg/220px-Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg/330px-Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg/440px-Le_Portier_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Le Portier under construction in 2023</figcaption></figure> Monaco is a sovereign <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>, with five quarters and ten wards,<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> located on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. It is bordered by France's <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> department on three sides, with one side bordering the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Its centre is about 16 km (9.9 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and only 13 km (8.1 mi) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cia-55">[52]</a> It has an area of 2.1 km2 (0.81 sq mi), or 208 ha (510 acres), and a population of 38,400,<a href="#cite_note-auto-86">[83]</a> making Monaco the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">second-smallest</a> and the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">densely populated country in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cia-55">[52]</a> The country has a <a href="/wiki/Land_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Land border">land border</a> of only 5.47 km (3.40 mi),<a href="#cite_note-auto-86">[83]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a> of 3.83 km (2.38 mi), a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime claim</a> that extends 22.2 km (13.8 mi), and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m (5,577 and 1,145 ft).<a href="#cite_note-about-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-visitmonaco-88">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> is a prominent bedrock which is locally <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karstified</a>. It hosts the Grotte de l'Observatoire, which has been open to the public since 1946.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> The highest point in the country is at the access to the Patio Palace residential building on the <a href="/wiki/Chemin_des_R%C3%A9voires" title="Chemin des Révoires">Chemin des Révoires</a> (ward <a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9voires" title="Les Révoires">Les Révoires</a>) from the D6007 (Moyenne Corniche street) at 164.4 m (539 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> The lowest point in the country is the Mediterranean Sea.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> Saint-Jean brook is the longest flowing body of water, around 0.19 km (190 m; 0.12 mi; 620 ft) in length, and Fontvieille is the largest lake, approximately 0.5 ha (1.2 acres) in area.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Monaco's most populated quartier is <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, and the most populated ward is <a href="/wiki/Larvotto" title="Larvotto">Larvotto/Bas Moulins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Recensement-93">[90]</a> After the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Extension-94">[91]</a> Monaco's total area grew to 2.08 km2 (0.80 sq mi) or 208 ha (510 acres);<a href="#cite_note-Recensement-93">[90]</a> subsequently, new plans were approved to extend the district of Fontvieille by 0.08 km2 (0.031 sq mi) or 8 ha (20 acres), with land <a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclaimed land">reclaimed</a> from the Mediterranean Sea. Land reclamation projects include extending the district of Fontvieille.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-OpenDoc-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Extension-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> There are two <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">ports</a> in Monaco, Port Hercules and Port Fontvieille.<a href="#cite_note-Presentation-99">[96]</a> There is a neighbouring French port called <a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Ail" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d'Ail">Cap d'Ail</a> that is near Monaco.<a href="#cite_note-Presentation-99">[96]</a> Monaco's only <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resource</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>;<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> with almost the entire country being an <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a>, Monaco lacks any sort of commercial <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture industry</a>. A small residential expansion formerly called Le Portier was nearing completion in 2023, and additionally a new <a href="/wiki/Esplanade" title="Esplanade">esplanade</a> was added at Larvatto beach which also had some maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_City_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Monaco_City_001.jpg/750px-Monaco_City_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Monaco_City_001.jpg/1125px-Monaco_City_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Monaco_City_001.jpg/1500px-Monaco_City_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6843" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;">Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/La_Condamine" title="La Condamine">La Condamine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg/220px-MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg/330px-MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg/440px-MonacoLibreDeDroits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>In the centre is <a href="/wiki/La_Condamine" title="La Condamine">La Condamine</a>. At the right with the smaller harbour is <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Monaco" title="Rock of Monaco">The Rock</a> (the old town, fortress, and <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Palace_of_Monaco" title="Prince's Palace of Monaco">Palace</a>) jutting out between the two harbours. At the left are the high-rise buildings of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Roman_(community)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Roman (community)">La Rousse/Saint Roman</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco2021OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Monaco2021OSM.png/220px-Monaco2021OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Monaco2021OSM.png/330px-Monaco2021OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Monaco2021OSM.png/440px-Monaco2021OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="3468" data-file-height="3887" /></a><figcaption>Enlargeable, detailed map of Monaco</figcaption></figure> Monaco is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependencies by area">second-smallest country by area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a>; only <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> is smaller.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Monaco is the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories by population density">densely populated</a> country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> The state consists of only one <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> (commune), the <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Monaco" title="Municipality of Monaco">Municipality of Monaco</a>. There is no geographical distinction between the State and City of Monaco, although responsibilities of the government (state-level) and of the municipality (city-level) are different.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> According to the constitution of 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> was subdivided into three municipalities:<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a>, the old city and seat of government of the principality on a rocky promontory extending into the Mediterranean, known as the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Monaco" title="Rock of Monaco">Rock of Monaco</a>, or simply "The Rock";</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, the principal residential and resort area with the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Casino" title="Monte Carlo Casino">Monte Carlo Casino</a> in the east and northeast;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Condamine" title="La Condamine">La Condamine</a>, the southwestern section including the port area, <a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a>.</li></ul> The municipalities were merged into one in 1917,<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">how?</a>] and they were accorded the status of <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">Wards</a> or Quartiers thereafter. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a> was added as a fourth ward, a newly constructed area claimed from the sea in the 1970s;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moneghetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Moneghetti">Moneghetti</a> became the fifth ward, created from part of La Condamine;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvotto" title="Larvotto">Larvotto</a> became the sixth ward, created from part of Monte Carlo;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Roman_(community)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Roman (community)">La Rousse/Saint Roman</a> (including Le Ténao) became the seventh ward, also created from part of Monte Carlo.</li></ul> Subsequently, three additional wards were created, but then again were dissolved in 2013: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michel,_Monaco" title="Saint Michel, Monaco">Saint Michel</a>, created from part of Monte Carlo;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Colle,_Monaco" title="La Colle, Monaco">La Colle</a>, created from part of La Condamine;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9voires" title="Les Révoires">Les Révoires</a>, also created from part of La Condamine.</li></ul> Most of Saint Michel became part of Monte Carlo again in 2013. La Colle and Les Révoires were merged the same year as part of a redistricting process, where they became part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Jardin_Exotique,_Monaco" title="Jardin Exotique, Monaco">Jardin Exotique ward</a>. An additional ward was planned by new land reclamation to be settled beginning in 2014<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> but Prince Albert II announced in his 2009 New Year Speech that he had ended plans due to the economic climate at the time.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Prince Albert II in mid-2010 firmly restarted the programme.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-cityoutmonaco.com-110">[107]</a> In 2015, a new development called <a href="/wiki/Le_Portier" title="Le Portier">Anse du Portier</a> was announced.<a href="#cite_note-mooringspot.com-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Traditional_quarters_and_modern_geographic_areas">Traditional quarters and modern geographic areas</h4></div> The four traditional quartiers of Monaco are <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Condamine" title="La Condamine">La Condamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moneghetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Moneghetti">Moneghetti</a>, the high-level part of La Condamine, is generally seen today as an effective fifth Quartier of Monaco, having a very distinct atmosphere and topography when compared with low-level La Condamine.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wards">Wards</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco,_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monaco%2C_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg/220px-Monaco%2C_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monaco%2C_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg/330px-Monaco%2C_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monaco%2C_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg/440px-Monaco%2C_administrative_divisions_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">Wards</a> of Monaco</figcaption></figure> For town planning purposes, a sovereign ordinance in 1966 divided the principality into reserved sectors, "whose current character must be preserved", and <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a>. The number and boundaries of these sectors and <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a> have been modified several times. The latest division dates from 2013 and created two reserved sectors and seven wards. A new 6-hectare district, <a href="/wiki/Le_Portier" title="Le Portier">Le Portier</a>, is currently being built on the sea. <table class="wikitable centre"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Wards</th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Area </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col">in m2</th> <th scope="col">in % </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;">Reserved Sectors </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ravin_de_Sainte-D%C3%A9vote" title="Ravin de Sainte-Dévote">Ravin de Sainte-Dévote</a></td> <td>Reserved Sectors </td> <td align="right">23,485</td> <td align="right">1.2 % </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;">Wards </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">196,491</td> <td align="right">9.7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Condamine" title="La Condamine">La Condamine</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">295,843</td> <td align="right">14.6 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">329,516</td> <td align="right">16.3 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Larvotto" title="Larvotto">Larvotto</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">217,932</td> <td align="right">10.8 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jardin_Exotique,_Monaco" title="Jardin Exotique, Monaco">Jardin Exotique</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">234,865</td> <td align="right">11.6 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Moneghetti" title="Les Moneghetti">Les Moneghetti</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">115,196</td> <td align="right">5.7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte-Carlo">Monte-Carlo</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">436,760</td> <td align="right">21.5 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Rousse" title="La Rousse">La Rousse</a></td> <td>Quartier ordonnancé </td> <td align="right">176,888</td> <td align="right">8.7 % </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <td align="right">2,026,976</td> <td align="right">100 % </td></tr></tbody></table> Note: for statistical purposes, the Wards of Monaco are further subdivided into 178 <a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">city blocks</a> (îlots), which are comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Census_block" title="Census block">census blocks</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Recensement-93">[90]</a> <ul><li>Another possibility was Fontvieille II Development to commence in 2013<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-113">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_depuis_since_1861.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Monaco_depuis_since_1861.png/700px-Monaco_depuis_since_1861.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Monaco_depuis_since_1861.png 1.5x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;">Land reclamation in Monaco since 1861</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Monaco" title="Architecture of Monaco">Architecture of Monaco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monaco_villas" title="Monaco villas">Monaco villas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg/220px-Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg/330px-Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg/440px-Monaco-Ville-ruelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Ville ruelle in Monaco</figcaption></figure> Monaco exhibits a wide range of architecture, but the principality's signature style, particularly in Monte Carlo, is that of the <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a>. It finds its most florid expression in the 1878–9 <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Casino" title="Monte Carlo Casino">Casino</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Monte-Carlo" title="Opéra de Monte-Carlo">Salle Garnier</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Garnier_(architect)" title="Charles Garnier (architect)">Charles Garnier</a> and Jules Dutrou. Decorative elements include turrets, balconies, pinnacles, multi-coloured ceramics, and caryatids. These were blended to create a picturesque fantasy of pleasure and luxury, and an alluring expression of how Monaco sought and still seeks, to portray itself.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> This <a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">capriccio</a> of French, Italian, and Spanish elements were incorporated into hacienda villas and apartments. Following major development in the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Rainier III, Prince of Monaco">Prince Rainier III</a> banned high-rise development in the principality. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Prince Albert II</a>, overturned this Sovereign Order.<a href="#cite_note-Fair-116">[113]</a> In recent years[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] the accelerating demolition of Monaco's <a href="/wiki/Architectural_Heritage" title="Architectural Heritage">architectural heritage</a>, including its single-family villas, has created dismay.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> The principality has no heritage protection legislation.<a href="#cite_note-lobservateurdemonaco.mc-118">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> Monaco has a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Csa), with strong maritime influences, with some resemblances to the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa). As a result, it has balmy warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. The winters are very mild considering the city's latitude, being as mild as locations located much further south in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> Cool and rainy interludes can interrupt the dry summer season, the average length of which is also shorter. Summer afternoons are infrequently hot (indeed, temperatures greater than 30 °C or 86 °F are rare) as the atmosphere is temperate because of constant sea breezes. On the other hand, the nights are very mild, due to the fairly high temperature of the sea in summer. Generally, temperatures do not drop below 20 °C (68 °F) in this season. In the winter, frosts and snowfalls are extremely rare and generally occur once or twice every ten years.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> On 27 February 2018, both Monaco and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a> experienced snowfall.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Monaco (1981–2010 averages, extremes 1966–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6 (78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5 (90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 (48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2 (22.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.1 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.2 (22.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.7 (2.67) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (1.91) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.2 (1.62) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3 (2.81) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0 (1.93) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (1.28) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 (0.54) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (1.04) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.5 (2.85) </td> <td style="background: #3FFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.7 (5.07) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.2 (4.06) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.8 (3.50) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">743.6 (29.28) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C3C30E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.8 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.1 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">281.1 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">329.3 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">296.7 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.0 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,574.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Monaco website (sun only)<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Monaco </th></tr> <tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th>Average sea temperature °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13.4 (56.2) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13.0 (55.5) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14.6 (58.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18.0 (64.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21.8 (71.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23.6 (74.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22.2 (71.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19.6 (67.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14.9 (58.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000; font-size:85%;;border-left-width:medium">17.9 (64.3) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source: Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-125">[122]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1179" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reserved Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_City" title="Monaco City">Monaco-Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravin_de_Sainte-D%C3%A9vote" title="Ravin de Sainte-Dévote">Ravin de Sainte-Dévote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Condamine" title="La Condamine">La Condamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_Exotique,_Monaco" title="Jardin Exotique, Monaco">Jardin Exotique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvotto" title="Larvotto">Larvotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Moneghetti" title="Les Moneghetti">Les Moneghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rousse" title="La Rousse">La Rousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Portier" title="Le Portier">Le Portier</a> 2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 ordered by age of foundation</li> <li>2 Planned for 2025</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Europe" title="Template:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Europe" title="Geography of Europe">Geography of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Andorra" title="Geography of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia" title="Geography of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belarus" title="Geography of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belgium" title="Geography of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Geography of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia" title="Geography of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Finland" title="Geography of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece" title="Geography of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Latvia" title="Geography of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Liechtenstein" title="Geography of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Luxembourg" title="Geography of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geography of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway" title="Geography of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Poland" title="Geography of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_San_Marino" title="Geography of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovenia" title="Geography of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden" title="Geography of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Abkhazia" title="Geography of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kosovo" title="Geography of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_%C3%85land" title="Geography of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Geography of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Geography of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Svalbard" title="Geography of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climate_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climate_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Europe" title="Climate of Europe">Climate of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Armenia" title="Climate of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Estonia" title="Climate of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Finland" title="Climate of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_France" title="Climate of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Greece" title="Climate of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hungary" title="Climate of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Iceland" title="Climate of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Malta" title="Climate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Norway" title="Climate of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Serbia" title="Climate of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Spain" title="Climate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Sweden" title="Climate of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Kosovo" title="Climate of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Svalbard" title="Climate of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_European_Union" title="Climate of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Monaco" title="Economy of Monaco">Economy of Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Monaco004.jpg/220px-Monaco004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Monaco004.jpg/330px-Monaco004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Monaco004.jpg/440px-Monaco004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a> and its new harbour</figcaption></figure> Monaco has the world's highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">GDP nominal per capita</a> at US$185,742, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP PPP per capita</a> at $132,571 and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GNI_(nominal,_Atlas_method)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita">GNI per capita</a> at $183,150.<a href="#cite_note-unsd-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> It also has an <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> of 2%,<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> with over 48,000 workers who commute from France and Italy each day.<a href="#cite_note-Recensement-93">[90]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a>, Monaco has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by poverty">lowest poverty rate</a><a href="#cite_note-theodora-130">[127]</a> and the highest number of millionaires and billionaires per capita in the world.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> For the fourth year in a row, Monaco in 2012 had the world's most expensive real estate market, at $58,300 per square metre.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> Although the average price went down in 2020, to an average price of $53,378 per square metre, Monaco remains one of the most expensive places in the world to buy property.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> The world's most expensive apartment is located in Monaco, a penthouse at the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Tower" title="Odeon Tower">Odeon Tower</a> valued at $335 million according to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> One of Monaco's main sources of income is tourism. Each year many foreigners are attracted to its casinos and pleasant climate.<a href="#cite_note-visitmonaco-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> It has also become a major banking centre, holding over €100 billion worth of funds.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Banks in Monaco specialise in providing private banking, asset and wealth management services.<a href="#cite_note-thebanks-139">[136]</a> Monaco is the only place in Europe where credit card points are not redeemable. Hotel points are not able to be accumulated nor are transactions recorded, allowing for an increase in privacy that is sought by many of the locals. The principality has successfully sought to diversify its economic base into services and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries, such as cosmetics.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-theodora-130">[127]</a> The state retains monopolies in numerous sectors, including tobacco and the postal service. The telephone network (<a href="/wiki/Monaco_Telecom" title="Monaco Telecom">Monaco Telecom</a>) used to be fully owned by the state. Its monopoly now comprises only 45%, while the remaining 55% is owned by <a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless Communications</a> (49%) and <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_Mon%C3%A9gasque_de_Banque" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie Monégasque de Banque">Compagnie Monégasque de Banque</a> (6%). Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> Monaco is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, but very closely linked via a customs union with France. As such, its currency is the same as that of France, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>. Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the <a href="/wiki/Monegasque_franc" class="mw-redirect" title="Monegasque franc">Monegasque franc</a>. Monaco has acquired the right to mint <a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">euro coins</a> with <a href="/wiki/Monegasque_euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Monegasque euro coins">Monegasque designs</a> on its national side. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gambling_industry">Gambling industry</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG/220px-Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG/330px-Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG/440px-Le_casino_de_Monte-Carlo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Casino" title="Monte Carlo Casino">Monte Carlo Casino</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monte_Carlo_Casino,_Monaco_-_interior-_(2)_(32774947955).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Monte_Carlo_Casino%2C_Monaco_-_interior-_%282%29_%2832774947955%29.jpg/220px-Monte_Carlo_Casino%2C_Monaco_-_interior-_%282%29_%2832774947955%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Monte_Carlo_Casino%2C_Monaco_-_interior-_%282%29_%2832774947955%29.jpg/330px-Monte_Carlo_Casino%2C_Monaco_-_interior-_%282%29_%2832774947955%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Monte_Carlo_Casino%2C_Monaco_-_interior-_%282%29_%2832774947955%29.jpg/440px-Monte_Carlo_Casino%2C_Monaco_-_interior-_%282%29_%2832774947955%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Atrium in Monte Carlo Casino</figcaption></figure> The plan for casino gambling was drafted during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Florestan_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Florestan I, Prince of Monaco">Florestan I</a> in 1846. Under Louis-Philippe's <a href="/wiki/Petite_bourgeoisie" title="Petite bourgeoisie">petite-bourgeois</a> regime a dignitary such as the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Prince of Monaco</a> was not allowed to operate a gambling house.<a href="#cite_note-state1-34">[31]</a> All this changed in the dissolute <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">House of Grimaldi</a> was in dire need of money. The towns of <a href="/wiki/Menton,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Menton, France">Menton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a>, which had been the main sources of income for the Grimaldi family for centuries, were now accustomed to a much-improved <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a> and lenient taxation thanks to the Sardinian intervention and clamoured for financial and political concession, even for separation. The Grimaldi family hoped the newly legal industry would help alleviate the difficulties they faced, above all the crushing debt the family had incurred, but Monaco's first casino would not be ready to operate until after <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Charles III, Prince of Monaco">Charles III</a> assumed the throne in 1856. The grantee of the princely concession (licence) was unable to attract enough business to sustain the operation and, after relocating the casino several times, sold the concession to French casino magnates <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanc" title="François Blanc">François</a> and Louis Blanc for 1.7 million francs. The Blancs had already set up a highly successful casino (in fact the largest in Europe) in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Homburg" title="Bad Homburg">Bad-Homburg</a> in the Grand Duchy of <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Homburg" title="Hesse-Homburg">Hesse-Homburg</a>, a small German principality comparable to Monaco, and quickly petitioned Charles III to rename a depressed seaside area known as "Les Spelugues (Den of Thieves)" to "Monte Carlo (Mount Charles)."<a href="#cite_note-Craps-141">[138]</a> They then constructed their casino in the newly dubbed "Monte Carlo" and cleared out the area's less-than-savoury elements to make the neighbourhood surrounding the establishment more conducive to tourism. The Blancs opened <a href="/wiki/Le_Grand_Casino_de_Monte_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Grand Casino de Monte Carlo">Le Grand Casino de Monte Carlo</a> in 1858 and the casino benefited from the tourist traffic the newly built French railway system created.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> Due to the combination of the casino and the railroads, Monaco finally recovered from the previous half-century of economic slump and the principality's success attracted other businesses.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> In the years following the casino's opening, Monaco founded its <a href="/wiki/Oceanographic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanographic Museum">Oceanographic Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Carlo Opera House">Monte Carlo Opera House</a>, 46 hotels were built and the number of jewellers operating in Monaco increased by nearly five-fold. In an apparent effort not to overtax citizens, it was decreed that the Monégasque citizens were prohibited from entering the casino unless they were employees.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> By 1869, the casino was making such a vast sum of money that the principality could afford to end tax collection from the Monegasques—a masterstroke that was to attract affluent residents from all over Europe in a policy that still exists today. Today, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_bains_de_mer_de_Monaco" title="Société des bains de mer de Monaco">Société des bains de mer de Monaco</a>, which owns Le Grand Casino, still operates in the original building that the Blancs constructed and has since been joined by several other casinos, including the Le Casino Café de Paris, the Monte Carlo Sporting Club & Casino and the Sun Casino. The most recent[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] addition in Monte Carlo is the <a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo_Bay_Hotel_%26_Resort" title="Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel & Resort">Monte Carlo Bay Casino</a>, which sits on 4 hectares of the Mediterranean Sea; among other things, it offers 145 slot machines, all equipped with "<a href="/wiki/Ticket-in,_ticket-out" title="Ticket-in, ticket-out">ticket-in, ticket-out</a>" (TITO). It is the first Mediterranean casino to use this technology.<a href="#cite_note-Porter-145">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low_taxes">Low taxes</h3></div> Monaco has a 20% VAT plus high social-insurance taxes, payable by both employers and employees. The employers' contributions are between 28% and 40% (averaging 35%) of gross salary, including benefits, and employees pay a further 10% to 14% (averaging 13%).<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Monaco has never levied <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> on <a href="/wiki/Individual" title="Individual">individuals</a>,<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-95">[92]</a> and foreigners are thus able to use it as a "<a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a>" from their own country's high taxes, because as an independent country, Monaco is not obliged to pay taxes to other countries.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> The absence of a personal income tax has attracted many wealthy "tax refugee" residents from European countries, who derive the majority of their income from activity outside Monaco. <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrities</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> drivers, attract most of the attention but the vast majority are lesser-known business people.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> Per a bilateral treaty with France, French citizens who reside in Monaco must still pay income and wealth taxes to France.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-150">[147]</a> The principality also actively discourages the registration of foreign corporations, charging a 33 per cent <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporation tax</a> on profits unless they can show that at least three-quarters of turnover is generated within Monaco. Unlike classic tax havens, Monaco does not offer offshore financial services.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-95">[92]</a> In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Tax_Policy_and_Administration" title="Centre for Tax Policy and Administration">Centre for Tax Policy and Administration</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD), issued a first report on the consequences of the financial systems of known <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax havens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> Monaco did not appear in the list of these territories until 2004, when the OECD became indignant regarding the Monegasque situation and denounced it in a report, along with <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>. The report underlined Monaco's lack of co-operation regarding financial information disclosure and availability.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> Later, Monaco overcame the OECD's objections and was removed from the "grey list" of uncooperative jurisdictions. In 2009, Monaco went a step further and secured a place on the "white list" after signing twelve information exchange treaties with other jurisdictions.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-95">[92]</a> In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force_on_Money_Laundering" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering">Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering</a> (FATF) stated: "The anti-money laundering system in Monaco is comprehensive. Difficulties have been encountered with Monaco by countries in international investigations on serious crimes that appear to be linked also with tax matters. In addition, the FIU of Monaco (SICCFIN) suffers a great lack of adequate resources. The authorities of Monaco have stated that they will provide additional resources to SICCFIN."<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> Also in 2000, a report by French politicians <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Peillon" title="Vincent Peillon">Vincent Peillon</a> stated that Monaco had relaxed policies with respect to money laundering including within its casino and that the Government of Monaco had been placing political pressure on the judiciary so that alleged crimes were not being properly investigated.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> In its Progress Report of 2005, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) identified Monaco, along with 36 other territories, as a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a>,<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> but in its <a href="/wiki/Financial_Action_Task_Force_on_Money_Laundering" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering">FATF</a> report of the same year it took a positive view of Monaco's measures against money-laundering.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> also decided to issue reports naming tax havens. Twenty-two territories, including Monaco, were thus evaluated between 1998 and 2000 on a first round. Monaco was the only territory that refused to perform the second round, between 2001 and 2003, whereas the 21 other territories had planned to implement the third and final round, planned between 2005 and 2007.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> In June 2024, the FATF added Monaco to its "grey list", which includes countries needing "increased monitoring" due to statewide issues of money laundering and terrorist financing.<a href="#cite_note-dw-25">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numismatics">Numismatics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_franc" title="Monégasque franc">Monégasque franc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_euro_coins" title="Monégasque euro coins">Monégasque euro coins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Monaco)" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Monaco)">Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Monaco)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1FrancMonaco1978face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/1FrancMonaco1978face.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>1978 Monégasque franc coin with an effigy of Rainier III</figcaption></figure> Monaco issued its own coins in various devaluations connected to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">écu</a> already in the seventeenth century, but its first decimal coins of the Monégasque franc were issued in 1837 continued until 2001. Although Monaco is not a <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> member, it is allowed to use the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> as its currency by arrangement with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a>; it is also granted the right to use its own designs on the national side of the <a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">euro coins</a>, which was introduced in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> In preparation for this date, the minting of the new euro coins started as early as 2001. Like Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands, and Spain, Monaco decided to put the minting date on its coins. This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> Three different designs were selected for the Monégasque coins.<a href="#cite_note-visitmonaco1-162">[159]</a> The design was changed in 2006 after Prince Rainier's death to feature the effigy of Prince Albert.<a href="#cite_note-visitmonaco1-162">[159]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Monaco" title="Demographics of Monaco">Demographics of Monaco</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:LightYellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 74.59201717918px; border-left-color:#414181"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#414181"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#414181"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.461929754415px; border-left-color:#325050"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#325050"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#325050"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 43.273864224743px; border-left-color:#5A3C3C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#5A3C3C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#5A3C3C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 25.675636036773px; border-left-color:#BE5A14"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#BE5A14"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#BE5A14"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7.5541426254377px; border-left-color:#DC64DC"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#DC64DC"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#DC64DC"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.267273987011px 38.55839922774px 0 0; border-top-color:#5AD282"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#5AD282"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:0px 100px 0 0; border-top-color:#649678"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#649678"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 21.693852977418px 100px 0; border-right-color:#141464"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#141464"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Population of Monaco by nationality <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/French_People" class="mw-redirect" title="French People">French</a> (28.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monégasque</a> (21.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> (18.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/British_People" class="mw-redirect" title="British People">British</a> (7.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgian</a> (2.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> (2.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a> (2.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> (1.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (14.8%)</div> </div> </div></div> Monaco's total population was 38,400 in 2015, and estimated by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> to be 36,297 as of 1 July 2023.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Monaco's population is unusual in that the native Monégasques are a minority in their own country: the largest group are French nationals at 28.4%, followed by Monégasque (21.6%), Italian (18.7%), British (7.5%), Belgian (2.8%), German (2.5%), Swiss (2.5%) and U.S. nationals (1.2%).<a href="#cite_note-2008census-165">[162]</a> According to 2019 studies, 31% of Monaco's population is reported to be <a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">millionaires</a> equalling up to 12,248 individuals Citizens of Monaco, whether born in the country or naturalised, are called Monégasque. Monaco has the world's highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at nearly 90 years.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Monaco" title="Languages of Monaco">Languages of Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg/170px-Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg/255px-Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg/340px-Street_sign_in_Mon%C3%A9gasc-French_in_MonacoVille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Street sign in French and Monégasque in <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a></figcaption></figure> The main and official language of Monaco is <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> is spoken by the principality's sizeable community from Italy. French and Italian are in fact more spoken in the principality today than <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_dialect" title="Monégasque dialect">Monégasque</a>, its historic vernacular language. A variety of <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(Romance_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (Romance language)">Ligurian</a>, Monégasque is not recognised as an official language; nevertheless, some signage appears in both French and Monégasque, and the language is taught in schools. English is also used. Italian was the official language in Monaco until 1860, when it was replaced by French.<a href="#cite_note-miglioverde-44">[41]</a> This was due to the annexation of the surrounding <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> to France following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turin_(1860)" title="Treaty of Turin (1860)">Treaty of Turin (1860)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miglioverde-44">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Grimaldi_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimaldi Family">Grimaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of Monaco">princes of Monaco</a>, are of Ligurian origin; thus, the traditional national language is <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Monégasque language">Monégasque</a>, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(Romance_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (Romance language)">Ligurian</a>, now spoken by only a minority of residents and as a common second language by many native residents. In <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">Monaco-Ville</a>, street signs are printed in both French and Monégasque.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2651.3256287233px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 687.15418461364px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 82.727194597248px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Monaco according to the Global Religious Landscape survey by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Forum</a>, 2012<a href="#cite_note-Survey-3">[3]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (86%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unaffiliated (11.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (1.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (0.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other religions (0.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4></div> Christians comprise a total of 86% of Monaco's population.<a href="#cite_note-Survey-3">[3]</a> According to Monaco 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholic Christians are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians. The Report states that there are two Protestant churches, an Anglican church and a Reformed church. There are also various other <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestant">Evangelical Protestant</a> communities that gather periodically. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Monaco" title="Catholic Church in Monaco">Catholic Church in Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg/220px-Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg/330px-Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg/440px-Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_16-07-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3635" data-file-height="3664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate" title="Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate">Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg/220px-%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg/330px-%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg/440px-%C3%89glise_de_Saint-D%C3%A9vote_Monaco_IMG_1202.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4964" data-file-height="3904" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sainte-D%C3%A9vote_Chapel" title="Sainte-Dévote Chapel">Sainte-Dévote Chapel</a></figcaption></figure> The official religion is <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, with freedom of other religions guaranteed by the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-MonacoReligion-2">[2]</a> There are five Catholic parish churches in Monaco and one <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_Immaculate" title="Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate">cathedral</a>, which is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Monaco">archbishop of Monaco</a>. The diocese, which has existed since the mid-19th century, was raised to a non-metropolitan archbishopric in 1981 as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Monaco" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monaco">Archdiocese of Monaco</a> and remains exempt (i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See). The <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> is <a href="/wiki/Saint_Devota" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Devota">Saint Devota</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</h5></div> There is one <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican</a> church (St Paul's Church), located in the Avenue de Grande Bretagne in Monte Carlo. The church was dedicated in 1925. In 2007 this had a formal membership of 135 Anglican residents in the principality but was also serving a considerably larger number of Anglicans temporarily in the country, mostly as tourists. The church site also accommodates an English-language library of over 3,000 books.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> The church is part of the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Diocese in Europe</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reformed_Church_of_Monaco">Reformed Church of Monaco</h5></div> There is one Reformed church, which meets in a building located in Rue Louis Notari. The building dates from 1958 to 1959. The church is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">United Protestant Church of France</a> (Église Protestante Unie de France, EPUF), a group that incorporates the former Reformed Church of France (Église Réformée de France). Through this affiliation with EPUF, the church is part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>. The church acts as a host church to some other Christian communities, allowing them to use its building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Charismatic_Episcopal_Church">Charismatic Episcopal Church</h5></div> The Monaco Parish of the <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Episcopal_Church" title="Charismatic Episcopal Church">Charismatic Episcopal Church</a> (Parish of St Joseph) dates from 2017 and meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Christian_Fellowship">Christian Fellowship</h5></div> The Monaco Christian Fellowship, formed in 1996, meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Greek_Orthodoxy">Greek Orthodoxy</h5></div> Monaco's 2012 International Religious Freedom Report states that there is one <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> church in Monaco. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Russian_Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</h5></div> The Russian Orthodox Parish of the Holy Royal Martyrs meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h4></div> According to the Monaco Statistics database (IMSEE), there are around 100 Hindus living in the country.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4></div> The Association Culturelle Israélite de Monaco (founded in 1948) is a converted house containing a synagogue, a community Hebrew school, and a <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> food shop, located in Monte Carlo.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> The community mainly consists of retirees from Britain (40%) and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>. Half of the Jewish population is <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic</a>, mainly from North Africa, while the other half is <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> population of Monaco consists of about 280 people, most of whom are residents, not citizens.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> The majority of the Muslim population of Monaco are <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, though there is a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> minority as well.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> Monaco does not have any official <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> Two important sports for Monaco are football and racing, but there are a number of other sports played;sports are also a part of Monaco's economy and culture. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formula_One">Formula One</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco Grand Prix</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg/220px-Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg/330px-Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg/440px-Grand_Prix_Monaco96_131954710.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3512" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Formation lap for the <a href="/wiki/1996_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1996 Monaco Grand Prix">1996 Monaco Grand Prix</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vettel2017monaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Vettel2017monaco.jpg/220px-Vettel2017monaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Vettel2017monaco.jpg/330px-Vettel2017monaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Vettel2017monaco.jpg/440px-Vettel2017monaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="2539" /></a><figcaption>2017 Monaco Grand Prix</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-MONACO_FORMULA_1_TURN_1_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Monaco's famous hairpin turn, both a city street and part of its Grand Prix circuit</figcaption></figure> Since 1929, the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco Grand Prix</a> has been held annually in the streets of Monaco.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-177">[174]</a> It is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. The erection of the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_de_Monaco" title="Circuit de Monaco">Circuit de Monaco</a> takes six weeks to complete and the removal after the race takes another three weeks.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-177">[174]</a> The circuit is narrow and tight and its tunnel, tight corners and many elevation changes make it perhaps the most demanding <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> track.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> Driver <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Piquet" title="Nelson Piquet">Nelson Piquet</a> compared driving the circuit to "riding a bicycle around your living room". Despite the challenging nature of the course it has only had two fatalities, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Fagioli" title="Luigi Fagioli">Luigi Fagioli</a> who died from injuries received in practice for the <a href="/wiki/1952_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1952 Monaco Grand Prix">1952 Monaco Grand Prix</a> (run to sports car regulations that year, not Formula 1)<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Bandini" title="Lorenzo Bandini">Lorenzo Bandini</a>, who crashed, burned and died three days later from his injuries in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-SheboyganPressMay8-180">[177]</a> Two other drivers had lucky escapes after they crashed into the harbour, the most famous being <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ascari" title="Alberto Ascari">Alberto Ascari</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1955_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1955 Monaco Grand Prix">1955 Monaco Grand Prix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hawkins_(racing_driver)" title="Paul Hawkins (racing driver)">Paul Hawkins</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/1965_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1965 Monaco Grand Prix">1965 race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-177">[174]</a> In 2020, the Monaco Grand Prix was <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco">cancelled</a> for the first time since 1954 because of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">global COVID-19 pandemic</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monégasque_Formula_1_drivers">Monégasque Formula 1 drivers</h4></div> There have been five <a href="/wiki/Formula_One_drivers_from_Monaco" title="Formula One drivers from Monaco">Formula One drivers from Monaco</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc" title="Charles Leclerc">Charles Leclerc</a> (2018–present) Winner of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="2024 Monaco Grand Prix">2024 Monaco Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Doornbos" title="Robert Doornbos">Robert Doornbos</a> (2005, Dutch driver under a Monégasque licence)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Beretta" title="Olivier Beretta">Olivier Beretta</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Testut" title="André Testut">André Testut</a> (1958–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Chiron" title="Louis Chiron">Louis Chiron</a> (1950–1958) Winner of the <a href="/wiki/1931_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1931 Monaco Grand Prix">1931 Monaco Grand Prix</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formula_E">Formula E</h3></div> Starting in 2015 <a href="/wiki/Formula_E" title="Formula E">Formula E</a> started racing biennially with the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Grand_Prix_of_Monaco" title="Historic Grand Prix of Monaco">Historic Grand Prix of Monaco</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_ePrix" title="Monaco ePrix">Monaco ePrix</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> and used a shorter configuration of the full Formula 1 circuit, keeping it around <a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a> until 2021. <a href="/wiki/Venturi_Racing" title="Venturi Racing">ROKiT Venturi Racing</a> is the only motor racing team based in the principality, headquartered in Fontvieille.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> The marque competes in Formula E and was one of the founding teams of the fully-electric championship. Managed by former racing drivers <a href="/wiki/Susie_Wolff" title="Susie Wolff">Susie Wolff</a> (CEO) and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a> (Team Principal),<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> the outfit holds 16 podiums in the series to date including five victories. <a href="/wiki/1997_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1997 Formula One World Championship">1997 Formula One World Champion</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve" title="Jacques Villeneuve">Jacques Villeneuve</a> and eleven-time Formula One race winner <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Massa" title="Felipe Massa">Felipe Massa</a> have raced for the team previously.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> Ten-time <a href="/wiki/Guia_Circuit" title="Guia Circuit">Macau</a> winner and <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Formula_E_World_Championship" title="2020–21 Formula E World Championship">2021</a> vice World Champion <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Mortara" title="Edoardo Mortara">Edoardo Mortara</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Formula_E_Championship" title="2016–17 Formula E Championship">Season 3</a> Formula E champion <a href="/wiki/Lucas_di_Grassi" title="Lucas di Grassi">Lucas di Grassi</a> currently race for the team.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monte_Carlo_Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</h3></div> Since 1911 part of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</a> has been held in the principality, originally held at the behest of <a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert I, Prince of Monaco">Prince Albert I</a>. Like the Grand Prix, the rally is organised by <a href="/wiki/Automobile_Club_de_Monaco" title="Automobile Club de Monaco">Automobile Club de Monaco</a>. It has long been considered to be one of the toughest and most prestigious events in <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">rallying</a> and from 1973 to 2008 was the opening round of the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a> (WRC).<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> From 2009 until 2011, the rally served as the opening round of the <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge" title="Intercontinental Rally Challenge">Intercontinental Rally Challenge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> The rally returned to the WRC calendar in 2012 and has been held annually since.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> Due to Monaco's limited size, all but the ending of the rally is held on French territory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Monaco" title="Football in Monaco">Football in Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg/220px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg/330px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg/440px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_stade_Louis_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Stade Louis II, home of AS Monaco FC</figcaption></figure> Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality: the men's football club, <a href="/wiki/AS_Monaco_FC" title="AS Monaco FC">AS Monaco FC</a>, and the women's football club, OS Monaco. AS Monaco plays at the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Louis_II" title="Stade Louis II">Stade Louis II</a> and competes in <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a>, the first division of <a href="/wiki/French_football" class="mw-redirect" title="French football">French football</a>. The club is historically one of the most successful clubs in the French league, having won Ligue 1 eight times (most recently in <a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Ligue_1" title="2016–17 Ligue 1">2016–17</a>) and competed at the top level for all but six seasons since 1953. The club reached the <a href="/wiki/2004_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 UEFA Champions League Final">2004 UEFA Champions League Final</a>, with a team that included <a href="/wiki/Dado_Pr%C5%A1o" title="Dado Pršo">Dado Pršo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Morientes" title="Fernando Morientes">Fernando Morientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rothen" title="Jérôme Rothen">Jérôme Rothen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akis_Zikos" title="Akis Zikos">Akis Zikos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Giuly" title="Ludovic Giuly">Ludovic Giuly</a>, but lost 3–0 to Portuguese team <a href="/wiki/FC_Porto" title="FC Porto">FC Porto</a>. French World Cup-winners <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Henry" title="Thierry Henry">Thierry Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabien_Barthez" title="Fabien Barthez">Fabien Barthez</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Trezeguet" title="David Trezeguet">David Trezeguet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kylian_Mbappe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kylian Mbappe">Kylian Mbappe</a> have played for the club. The Stade Louis II also played host to the annual <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Super_Cup" title="UEFA Super Cup">UEFA Super Cup</a> from 1998 to 2012 between the winners of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Europa League</a>. The women's team, OS Monaco, competes in the women's <a href="/wiki/French_football_league_system" title="French football league system">French football league system</a>. The club plays in the local regional league, deep down in the league system. It once played in the <a href="/wiki/Division_1_F%C3%A9minine" class="mw-redirect" title="Division 1 Féminine">Division 1 Féminine</a>, in the 1994–95 season, but was quickly relegated. The <a href="/wiki/Monaco_national_football_team" title="Monaco national football team">Monaco national football team</a> represents the nation in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> and is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_Football_Federation" title="Monégasque Football Federation">Monégasque Football Federation</a>, the governing body for <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Monaco" title="Football in Monaco">football in Monaco</a>. Monaco is one of two sovereign states in Europe (along with the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>) that is not a member of <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a> and so does not take part in any <a href="/wiki/UEFA_European_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA European Football Championship">UEFA European Football Championship</a> or <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> competitions. They are instead affiliated with <a href="/wiki/CONIFA" class="mw-redirect" title="CONIFA">CONIFA</a>, where they compete against other national teams that are not FIFA members. The team plays its home matches in the Stade Louis II. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby">Rugby</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Monaco" title="Rugby union in Monaco">Rugby union in Monaco</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_national_rugby_union_team" title="Monaco national rugby union team">Monaco's national rugby team</a>, as of April 2019, is 101st in the <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby_Rankings" title="World Rugby Rankings">World Rugby Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3></div> Multi-sport club <a href="/wiki/AS_Monaco_FC" title="AS Monaco FC">AS Monaco</a> owns <a href="/wiki/AS_Monaco_Basket" title="AS Monaco Basket">AS Monaco Basket</a> which was founded in 1928. They play in the <a href="/wiki/European_professional_club_basketball_system" title="European professional club basketball system">top-tier European basketball league</a>, the <a href="/wiki/EuroLeague" title="EuroLeague">EuroLeague</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/French_basketball_league_system" title="French basketball league system">French</a> top flight, the <a href="/wiki/LNB_Pro_A" class="mw-redirect" title="LNB Pro A">LNB Pro A</a>. They have three <a href="/wiki/LNB_Pro_A_Leaders_Cup" title="LNB Pro A Leaders Cup">Pro A Leaders Cup</a>, two <a href="/wiki/LNB_Pro_B" title="LNB Pro B">Pro B</a> (2nd-tier), and one <a href="/wiki/Nationale_Masculine_1" title="Nationale Masculine 1">NM1</a> (3rd-tier) championship. They play in <a href="/wiki/Salle_Gaston_M%C3%A9decin" title="Salle Gaston Médecin">Salle Gaston Médecin</a>, which is part of <a href="/wiki/Stade_Louis_II" title="Stade Louis II">Stade Louis II</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_boxing">Professional boxing</h3></div> Due in part to its position both as a tourist and gambling centre, Monaco has staged major <a href="/wiki/Professional_boxing" title="Professional boxing">professional boxing</a> world title and non-title fights from time to time; those include the <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Monzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Monzon">Carlos Monzon</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Nino_Benvenuti" title="Nino Benvenuti">Nino Benvenuti</a> rematch,<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> Monzon's rematch with <a href="/wiki/Emile_Griffith" title="Emile Griffith">Emile Griffith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> Monzon's two classic fights with <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Valdes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo Valdes">Rodrigo Valdes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Davey_Moore_(boxer,_born_1959)" title="Davey Moore (boxer, born 1959)">Davey Moore</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Benitez" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilfred Benitez">Wilfredo Benitez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Knockout" title="Knockout">double knockout</a>-ending classic between <a href="/wiki/Lee_Roy_Murphy" title="Lee Roy Murphy">Lee Roy Murphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chisanda_Mutti" title="Chisanda Mutti">Chisanda Mutti</a> (won by Murphy),<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Julio César Chávez">Julio César Chávez Sr.</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Lockridge" title="Rocky Lockridge">Rocky Lockridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> All of the aforementioned contests took place at the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Louis_II_(1939)" title="Stade Louis II (1939)">first Stade Louis II</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Louis_II" title="Stade Louis II">second Stade Louis II</a> stadiums. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports_and_events">Other sports and events</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg/220px-2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg/330px-2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg/440px-2011_Monaco_Porsche_Supercup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="2563" /></a><figcaption>A view of the 2011 Monaco Porsche Supercup. Motor racing is very popular in Monaco, with the famous Grand Prix course using city streets and wrapping itself around the harbor</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Affiche_PLM_Exposition_Monaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Affiche_PLM_Exposition_Monaco.jpg/220px-Affiche_PLM_Exposition_Monaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Affiche_PLM_Exposition_Monaco.jpg/330px-Affiche_PLM_Exposition_Monaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Affiche_PLM_Exposition_Monaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the Exposition De Monaco (1920)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo_Masters" title="Monte-Carlo Masters">Monte-Carlo Masters</a> is held annually in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a>, France, as a professional tournament for men as part of tennis's <a href="/wiki/ATP_Tour_Masters_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP Tour Masters 1000">ATP Masters Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> The tournament has been held since 1897. Golf's <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Open_(golf)" title="Monte Carlo Open (golf)">Monte Carlo Open</a> was also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club at Mont Agel in France between 1984 and 1992. Monaco has a national <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Davis_Cup_team" title="Monaco Davis Cup team">Davis Cup team</a>, which plays in the European/African Zone. Monaco has also <a href="/wiki/Monaco_at_the_Olympics" title="Monaco at the Olympics">competed</a> in the Olympic Games, although, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal. At the <a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Winter Games</a>, Monaco won a bronze medal in bobsleigh. The <a href="/wiki/2009_Tour_de_France" title="2009 Tour de France">2009 Tour de France</a>, the world's premier cycle race, started from Monaco with a 15 km (9 mi) closed-circuit individual time trial starting and finishing there on the first day, and the 182 km (113 mi) second leg starting there on the following day and ending in <a href="/wiki/Brignoles" title="Brignoles">Brignoles</a>, France.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> Monaco has also staged part of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Champions_Tour" title="Global Champions Tour">Global Champions Tour</a> (International Show-jumping).<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> In 2009, the Monaco stage of the Global Champions tour took place between 25 and 27 June. The <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Marathon" title="Monaco Marathon">Monaco Marathon</a> is the only marathon in the world to pass through three countries, those of Monaco, France and Italy, before the finish at the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Louis_II" title="Stade Louis II">Stade Louis II</a>. The Monaco Ironman 70.3 triathlon race is an annual event with over 1,000 athletes competing and attracts top professional athletes from around the world. The race includes a 1.9 km (1.2 mi) swim, 90 km (56 mi) bike ride and 21.1 km (13.1 mi) run. Since 1993, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Athletics Federations">International Association of Athletics Federations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> the world governing body of <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a>, is located in Monaco.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> An IAAF Diamond League meet is annually held at Stade Louis II.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> A municipal sports complex, the <a href="/wiki/Rainier_III_Nautical_Stadium" title="Rainier III Nautical Stadium">Rainier III Nautical Stadium</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a> district consists of a heated saltwater <a href="/wiki/Olympic-size_swimming_pool" title="Olympic-size swimming pool">Olympic-size swimming pool</a>, diving boards and a slide.<a href="#cite_note-Mon-204">[201]</a> The pool is converted into an <a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">ice rink</a> from December to March.<a href="#cite_note-Mon-204">[201]</a> In addition to Formula One, the Circuit de Monaco hosts several support series, including <a href="/wiki/FIA_Formula_2_Championship" title="FIA Formula 2 Championship">FIA Formula 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche_Supercup" title="Porsche Supercup">Porsche Supercup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Formula_Regional_European_Championship" title="Formula Regional European Championship">Formula Regional Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> It has in the past also hosted Formula Three and <a href="/wiki/Formula_Renault" title="Formula Renault">Formula Renault</a>. From 10 to 12 July 2014 Monaco inaugurated the Solar1 Monte Carlo Cup, a series of ocean races exclusively for solar-powered boats.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> The women team of the chess club CE Monte Carlo won the <a href="/wiki/European_Chess_Club_Cup" title="European Chess Club Cup">European Chess Club Cup</a> several times. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg/750px-Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg/1125px-Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg/1500px-Hafen_und_Felsen_von_Monaco-La_Turbie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9319" data-file-height="4239" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align: center;">Panoramic view of <a href="/wiki/Monaco_City" title="Monaco City">Monaco City</a> and the port of <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg/220px-Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg/330px-Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg/440px-Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View out from the Saint Martin Gardens</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque cuisine</a></div> The cuisine of Monaco is a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisine</a> shaped by the cooking style of Provence and the influences of nearby northern Italian and southern French cooking, in addition to Monaco's own culinary traditions.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> Two famous restaurants in Monaco include the <a href="/wiki/Le_Louis_XV_(restaurant)" title="Le Louis XV (restaurant)">Le Lous XV</a>, currently with three Michelin stars, and the <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_Paris_(Monaco)" title="Café de Paris (Monaco)">Café de Paris</a>. The Café de Paris is next to the Casino and first opened in 1868, though it has been renovated several times over its lifetime. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Monaco" title="Music of Monaco">Music of Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_-_panoramio_(68).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monaco_-_panoramio_%2868%29.jpg/220px-Monaco_-_panoramio_%2868%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monaco_-_panoramio_%2868%29.jpg/330px-Monaco_-_panoramio_%2868%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monaco_-_panoramio_%2868%29.jpg/440px-Monaco_-_panoramio_%2868%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Seaside façade of the Salle Garnier, home of the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Monte-Carlo" title="Opéra de Monte-Carlo">Opéra de Monte-Carlo</a></figcaption></figure> Monaco has an <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Monte-Carlo" title="Opéra de Monte-Carlo">opera house</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra">symphony orchestra</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Les_Ballets_de_Monte_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Ballets de Monte Carlo">classical ballet company</a>. Monaco participated regularly in the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> between 1959–1979 and 2004–2006, winning in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a>, although none of the artists participating for the principality was originally Monegasque. French-born <a href="/wiki/Minouche_Barelli" title="Minouche Barelli">Minouche Barelli</a>, however, acquired Monegasque citizenship in 2002, 35 years after her representing the principality in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1967" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1967">1967</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> Monaco has a national museum of contemporary visual art at the <a href="/wiki/New_National_Museum_of_Monaco" title="New National Museum of Monaco">New National Museum of Monaco</a>. In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Audiovisual_Institute_of_Monaco" title="Audiovisual Institute of Monaco">Audiovisual Institute of Monaco</a> was founded aimed to preserve audiovisual archives and show how the Principality of Monaco is represented in cinema. The country also has numerous works of public art, statues, museums, and memorials (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Monaco" title="List of public art in Monaco">list of public art in Monaco</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_in_Monaco">Museums in Monaco</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Monaco" title="List of museums in Monaco">List of museums in Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg/220px-Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg/330px-Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg/440px-Monaco_BW_2011-06-07_17-50-43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8358" data-file-height="5066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oceanographic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanographic Museum">Oceanographic Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Top_Cars_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco Top Cars Collection">Monaco Top Cars Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Museum_(Monaco)" title="Napoleon Museum (Monaco)">Napoleon Museum (Monaco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanographic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanographic Museum">Oceanographic Museum</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_(47624110281).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_%2847624110281%29.jpg/220px-Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_%2847624110281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_%2847624110281%29.jpg/330px-Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_%2847624110281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_%2847624110281%29.jpg/440px-Le_jardin_exotique_de_Monaco_%2847624110281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5311" data-file-height="3716" /></a><figcaption>Walkway in the jardin exotique de Monaco (Exotic Gardens)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events,_festivals,_and_shows">Events, festivals, and shows</h3></div> The Principality of Monaco hosts major international events such as : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Circus_Festival_of_Monte-Carlo" title="International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo">International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="Mondial du Théâtre">Mondial du Théâtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo_Television_Festival" title="Monte-Carlo Television Festival">Monte-Carlo Television Festival</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bread_Festival">Bread Festival</h3></div> Monaco also has an annual bread festival on 17 September every year.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_Gardens">Parks and Gardens</h3></div> There is several gardens in Monaco, which are in a variety of styles and purpose. There is an <a href="/wiki/Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco" title="Jardin Exotique de Monaco">exotic plant garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Martin_Gardens" title="St Martin Gardens">Saint Martin garden</a>, African plants garden, <a href="/wiki/Casino_Gardens_and_Terraces" title="Casino Gardens and Terraces">Casino Gardens</a>, Princess <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille_Park_and_Princess_Grace_Rose_Garden" title="Fontvieille Park and Princess Grace Rose Garden">Grace Rose Garden</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Garden,_Monaco" title="Japanese Garden, Monaco">Japanese Gardens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg/220px-Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg/330px-Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg/440px-Le_Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_1er_de_Monaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Albert_Premier" title="Lycée Albert Premier">Lycée Albert Premier</a> of Monaco</figcaption></figure> Monaco has ten state-operated schools, including: seven <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a>; one <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a>, Collège Charles III;<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> one <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France" title="Secondary education in France">lycée</a> that provides general and technological training, <a href="/wiki/Lycee_Albert_Premier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycee Albert Premier">Lycée Albert 1er</a>;<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> and one lycée that provides vocational and hotel training, Lycée technique et hôtelier de Monte-Carlo.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> There are also two grant-aided denominational private schools, Institution François d'Assise Nicolas Barré and Ecole des Sœurs Dominicaines, and one <a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">international school</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Monaco" title="International School of Monaco">International School of Monaco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> founded in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3></div> There is one university located in Monaco, namely the <a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Monaco" title="International University of Monaco">International University of Monaco</a> (IUM), an English-language university specialising in business education and operated by the Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales (INSEEC) group. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flag">Flag</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" title="Flag of Monaco">Flag of Monaco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg/220px-Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg/330px-Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg/440px-Coat_of_arms_and_flag_of_Monaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Monaco's flag and its <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></figcaption></figure> The flag of Monaco is one of the world's oldest national flag designs.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> Adopted by Monaco on 4 April 1881 its based on the Monaco Royal colors going back to the 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> The flag has similarities to the flags of German state of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hesse" title="Flag of Hesse">Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Thuringia" title="Flag of Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Singapore" title="Flag of Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" title="Flag of Poland">Poland</a> in the modern times.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms"><img alt="Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1179" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of Arms</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_pays_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blason"><img alt="Blason" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_pays_Monaco.svg/100px-Blason_pays_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_pays_Monaco.svg/150px-Blason_pays_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_pays_Monaco.svg/200px-Blason_pays_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="588" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blason</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/120px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/180px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/240px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monaco_Tunnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Monaco_Tunnel.jpg/220px-Monaco_Tunnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Monaco_Tunnel.jpg/330px-Monaco_Tunnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Monaco_Tunnel.jpg/440px-Monaco_Tunnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tunnel in Monaco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Train_station,_Monaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Train_station%2C_Monaco.jpg/220px-Train_station%2C_Monaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Train_station%2C_Monaco.jpg/330px-Train_station%2C_Monaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Train_station%2C_Monaco.jpg/440px-Train_station%2C_Monaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monaco-Monte-Carlo_station" title="Monaco-Monte-Carlo station">Monaco Monte Carlo</a> station</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Monaco" title="Transport in Monaco">Transport in Monaco</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Monaco" title="Rail transport in Monaco">Rail transport in Monaco</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Monte-Carlo_station" title="Monaco-Monte-Carlo station">Monaco-Monte Carlo station</a> is served by the <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a>, the French national rail system. The <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Heliport" title="Monaco Heliport">Monaco Heliport</a> provides helicopter service to the closest airport, <a href="/wiki/Nice_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur_Airport" title="Nice Côte d'Azur Airport">Côte d'Azur Airport</a> in Nice, France. The <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_Autobus_de_Monaco" title="Compagnie des Autobus de Monaco">Monaco bus company (CAM)</a> covers all the tourist attractions, museums, <a href="/wiki/Jardin_Exotique_de_Monaco" title="Jardin Exotique de Monaco">Exotic garden</a>, business centres, and the Casino or the Louis II Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> There is about 77 km (48 miles) of roads in Monaco, many sections of which are also used for automotive and other races.<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> The main port is <a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a> which includes a deep-water pier, and there is another smaller harbor between the Rock and Fontvieille. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_other_countries">Relations with other countries</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Monaco" title="Foreign relations of Monaco">Foreign relations of Monaco</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Monaco_relations" title="France–Monaco relations">France–Monaco relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">Monaco–European Union relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Monaco–Russia relations">Monaco–Russia relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Monaco–United States relations">Monaco–United States relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monacoc1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Monacoc1890.jpg/220px-Monacoc1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Monacoc1890.jpg/330px-Monacoc1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Monacoc1890.jpg/440px-Monacoc1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Monaco" title="Rock of Monaco">Rock of Monaco</a> in 1890</figcaption></figure> Monaco is so old that it has outlived many of the nations and institutions that it has had relations with. The <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> became a part of other countries, as did the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Honoré II, Prince of Monaco">Honoré II, Prince of Monaco</a> secured recognition of his independent <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> in 1633, and then from <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a> of France by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_P%C3%A9ronne_(1641)" title="Treaty of Péronne (1641)">Treaty of Péronne (1641)</a>. Monaco made a special agreement with France in 1963 in which French customs laws apply in Monaco and its territorial waters.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-150">[147]</a> Monaco uses the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> but is not a member of the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-150">[147]</a> Monaco shares a 6 km (3.7 mi) border with France but also has about 2 km (1.2 mi) of coastline with the Mediterranean sea.<a href="#cite_note-Monaco-223">[220]</a> Two important agreements that support Monaco's independence from France include the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Mon%C3%A9gasque_Treaties" title="Franco-Monégasque Treaties">Franco-Monégasque Treaty</a> of 1861 and the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_succession_crisis_of_1918#French_treaty_of_1918" title="Monaco succession crisis of 1918">French Treaty of 1918</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>). The United States CIA Factbook records 1419 as the year of Monaco's independence.<a href="#cite_note-Monaco-223">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France,_22_boulevard_Suchet,_Paris_16e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France%2C_22_boulevard_Suchet%2C_Paris_16e.jpg/220px-Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France%2C_22_boulevard_Suchet%2C_Paris_16e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France%2C_22_boulevard_Suchet%2C_Paris_16e.jpg/330px-Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France%2C_22_boulevard_Suchet%2C_Paris_16e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France%2C_22_boulevard_Suchet%2C_Paris_16e.jpg/440px-Ambassade_de_Monaco_en_France%2C_22_boulevard_Suchet%2C_Paris_16e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3389" data-file-height="3836" /></a><figcaption>Embassy of Monaco, Paris, France</figcaption></figure> France and Italy have embassies within Monaco, while most other nations represented via <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Monaco" title="Foreign relations of Monaco">operations in Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-embassypages.com-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Privacy_And_Power-225">[222]</a> There are about another 30 or so <a href="/wiki/Consulates" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulates">consulates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-embassypages.com-224">[221]</a> By the 21st century Monaco maintained embassies in Belgium (Brussels), France (Paris), Germany (Berlin), the Vatican, Italy (Rome), Portugal (Lisbon),<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> Spain (Madrid), Switzerland (Bern), United Kingdom (London) and the United States (Washington).<a href="#cite_note-embassypages.com-224">[221]</a> As of 2000<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monaco&action=edit">[update]</a> nearly two-thirds of the residents of Monaco were foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> In 2015 the immigrant population was estimated at 60%<a href="#cite_note-Monaco-223">[220]</a> It is reported to be difficult to gain citizenship in Monaco, or at least in relative number there are not many people who do so. In 2015 an immigration rate of about 4 people per 1,000 was noted, or about 100–150 people a year.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> The population of Monaco went from 35,000 in 2008 to 36,000 in 2013, and of that about 20 per cent were native Monegasque<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of Monaco">Nationality law of Monaco</a>). A recurring issue Monaco encounters with other countries is the attempt by foreign nationals to use Monaco to avoid paying taxes in their own country.<a href="#cite_note-Monaco-223">[220]</a> Monaco actually collects a number of taxes including a 20% VAT and 33% on companies unless they make over 75% of their income inside Monaco.<a href="#cite_note-Monaco-223">[220]</a> Monaco does not allow dual citizenship but does have multiple paths to citizenship including by declaration and naturalisation.<a href="#cite_note-Residency-230">[227]</a> In many cases the key issue for obtaining citizenship, rather than attaining residency in Monaco, is the person's ties to their departure country.<a href="#cite_note-Residency-230">[227]</a> For example, French citizens must still pay taxes to France even if they live full-time in Monaco unless they resided in the country before 1962 for at least 5 years.<a href="#cite_note-Residency-230">[227]</a> In the early 1960s there was some tension between France and Monaco over taxation.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> There are no border formalities entering or leaving France. For visitors, a souvenir <a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">passport</a> stamp is available on request at Monaco's tourist office. This is located on the far side of the gardens that face the Casino. <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;line-height:1.2"> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <th>Microstate </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Association_Agreement" title="European Union Association Agreement">Association Agreement</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Internal_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Market">EU single market</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">EU customs territory</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Value_Added_Tax_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Value Added Tax Area">EU VAT area</a><a href="#cite_note-VAT-234">[231]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Regulation" title="Dublin Regulation">Dublin Regulation</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monaco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Monaco–European Union relations">relations</a>) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Negotiating<a href="#cite_note-AANEG-235">[232]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Monegasque_euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Monegasque euro coins">Yes</a><a href="#cite_note-euros-236">[d]</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">De facto<a href="#cite_note-239">[e]</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<a href="#cite_note-241">[f]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<a href="#cite_note-France-245">[g]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<a href="#cite_note-246">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[i]</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/32px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/48px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/64px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monaco" title="Portal:Monaco">Monaco portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Garden,_Monaco" title="Japanese Garden, Monaco">Japanese Garden, Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Monaco" title="Outline of Monaco">Outline of Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">Microstates and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density">List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Monaco" title="List of rulers of Monaco">List of rulers of Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Monaco" title="List of diplomatic missions in Monaco">List of diplomatic missions in Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Monaco" title="List of diplomatic missions of Monaco">List of diplomatic missions of Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MC" title="ISO 3166-2:MC">ISO 3166-2:MC</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɒnəkoʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9a\/En-us-Monaco.ogg\/En-us-Monaco.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Monaco.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/En-us-Monaco.ogg/En-us-Monaco.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Monaco.ogg" title="File:En-us-Monaco.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MON-ə-koh</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[mɔnako]</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Italian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈmɔːnako]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_dialect" title="Monégasque dialect">Monégasque</a>: Mùnegu <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">[ˈmuneɡu]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: Mónegue <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈmuneɣe]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque: Prinçipatu de Mùnegu; <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_language" title="Ligurian language">Ligurian</a>: Prinçipato de Mónego; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: Principat de Mónegue; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Principato di Monaco. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> For further information, see <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Monaco" title="Languages of Monaco">languages of Monaco</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-euros-236"><a href="#cite_ref-euros_236-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro#Sovereign_states" title="International status and usage of the euro">Monetary agreement with the EU</a> to issue euros </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> Although not a contracting party to the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen Agreement</a>, has an <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area#Status_of_the_European_microstates" title="Schengen Area">open border with France</a> and Schengen laws are administered as if it were a part of France.<a href="#cite_note-obstacles-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> Through an agreement with France<a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-France-245"><a href="#cite_ref-France_245-0">^</a> Through an <a href="/wiki/Franco-Monegasque_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Monegasque Treaty">agreement</a> with France. Part of the EU Customs territory, administered as part of France.<a href="#cite_note-obstacles-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-euterritory-244">[238]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> Also part of the EU excise territory<a href="#cite_note-euterritory-244">[238]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> Through an agreement with France. Administered as a part of France for taxation purposes.<a href="#cite_note-VAT-234">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-obstacles-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-euterritory-244">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-excise-247">[239]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722170607/http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42gb?OpenDocument&3Gb">"Constitution de la Principauté"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Government_(Monaco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Government (Monaco)">Council of Government</a>. 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Retrieved 21 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monaco+Is+The+Most+Expensive+Place+To+Buy+Property+In+The+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforbes.mc%2Farticle%2Fmonaco-is-the-most-expensive-place-to-buy-property-in-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monacostatistics.mc/IMSEE/Publications/monaco-statistics-pocket">"Monaco Statistics / IMSEE — Monaco IMSEE"</a>. Imsee.mc (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130422/http://www.monacostatistics.mc/IMSEE/Publications/monaco-statistics-pocket">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imsee.mc&rft.atitle=Monaco+Statistics+%2F+IMSEE+%E2%80%94+Monaco+IMSEE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monacostatistics.mc%2FIMSEE%2FPublications%2Fmonaco-statistics-pocket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distanza.org/Ventimiglia/Principato%20di%20Monaco">"Ventimiglia - Principato di Monaco"</a>. www.distanza.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506080655/https://www.distanza.org/Ventimiglia/Principato%2520di%2520Monaco">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.distanza.org&rft.atitle=Ventimiglia+-+Principato+di+Monaco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distanza.org%2FVentimiglia%2FPrincipato%2520di%2520Monaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouv.mc/Actualites/Communique-de-la-Direction-des-Services-Judiciaires">"Communiqué de la Direction des Services Judiciaires"</a>. Government of Monaco (in French). 26 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217012051/https://www.gouv.mc/Actualites/Communique-de-la-Direction-des-Services-Judiciaires">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Monaco&rft.atitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+de+la+Direction+des+Services+Judiciaires&rft.date=2019-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouv.mc%2FActualites%2FCommunique-de-la-Direction-des-Services-Judiciaires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> In fact <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Grimaldi" title="François Grimaldi">Francesco Grimaldi</a>, who captured <a href="/wiki/Monaco-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco-Ville">the Rock</a> on the night of 8 January 1297, was forced to flee Monaco only four years after the fabled raid, never to come back. The Grimaldi family was not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419 when they purchased Monaco, along with two neighbouring villages, <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a>. Source: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Edwards" title="Anne Edwards">Edwards, Anne</a> (1992). The Grimaldis of Monaco: The Centuries of Scandal – The Years of Grace. <a href="/wiki/William_Morrow_and_Company" title="William Morrow and Company">William Morrow</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08837-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08837-8"><bdi>978-0-688-08837-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grimaldis+of+Monaco%3A+The+Centuries+of+Scandal+%E2%80%93+The+Years+of+Grace&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-688-08837-8&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montecarlolegend.com/monte-carlo-the-birth-of-a-legend/">"Monte Carlo: The Birth of a Legend"</a>. SBM Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050316/http://www.montecarlolegend.com/monte-carlo-the-birth-of-a-legend/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monte+Carlo%3A+The+Birth+of+a+Legend&rft.pub=SBM+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.montecarlolegend.com%2Fmonte-carlo-the-birth-of-a-legend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck" class="citation web cs1">Beck, Katie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180206-the-country-running-out-of-space-for-its-millionaires">"The country running out of space for its millionaires"</a>. www.bbc.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035623/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180206-the-country-running-out-of-space-for-its-millionaires">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+country+running+out+of+space+for+its+millionaires&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fworklife%2Farticle%2F20180206-the-country-running-out-of-space-for-its-millionaires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourgery-Gonse2023" class="citation news cs1">Bourgery-Gonse, Théo (23 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/monacos-anti-money-laundering-system-inadequate-risks-name-and-shame/">"Monaco's anti-money laundering system inadequate, risks name-and-shame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euractiv" title="Euractiv">Euractiv</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501035803/https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/monacos-anti-money-laundering-system-inadequate-risks-name-and-shame/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euractiv&rft.atitle=Monaco%27s+anti-money+laundering+system+inadequate%2C+risks+name-and-shame&rft.date=2023-01-23&rft.aulast=Bourgery-Gonse&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Feconomy-jobs%2Fnews%2Fmonacos-anti-money-laundering-system-inadequate-risks-name-and-shame%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dw_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/monaco-added-to-money-laundering-gray-list/a-69507747">"Monaco added to money laundering 'gray list'"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 28 June 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Monaco+added+to+money+laundering+%27gray+list%27&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fmonaco-added-to-money-laundering-gray-list%2Fa-69507747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2020-02-13/an-interview-with-prince-albert-ii-of-monaco-on-the-state-of-the-planet">"Monaco's Prince Albert II: Oceans are a 'family heritage,' with little time to save them"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 13 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925235323/https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2020-02-13/an-interview-with-prince-albert-ii-of-monaco-on-the-state-of-the-planet">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Monaco%27s+Prince+Albert+II%3A+Oceans+are+a+%27family+heritage%2C%27+with+little+time+to+save+them&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fenvironment%2Fstory%2F2020-02-13%2Fan-interview-with-prince-albert-ii-of-monaco-on-the-state-of-the-planet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/los/consultative_process/icp20presentations/Swarzenski.pdf">"Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)"</a> (PDF). United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411083152/https://www.un.org/Depts/los/consultative_process/icp20presentations/Swarzenski.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ocean+Acidification+International+Coordination+Centre+%28OA-ICC%29&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Flos%2Fconsultative_process%2Ficp20presentations%2FSwarzenski.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iaea.org/about/organizational-structure/department-of-nuclear-sciences-and-applications/division-of-iaea-marine-environment-laboratories">"Division of IAEA Marine Environment Laboratories (NAML)"</a>. www.iaea.org. 8 June 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iaea.org&rft.atitle=Division+of+IAEA+Marine+Environment+Laboratories+%28NAML%29&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaea.org%2Fabout%2Forganizational-structure%2Fdepartment-of-nuclear-sciences-and-applications%2Fdivision-of-iaea-marine-environment-laboratories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164313/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmo%2Fnos">"μόνος"</a>. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253Dmo%252Fnos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164225/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Doi%29%3Dkos1">"οἶκος"</a>. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%BF%E1%BC%B6%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253Doi%2529%253Dkos1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monaco-montecarlo.com/index-history_monaco-en.html">"History of Monaco"</a>. Monaco-montecarlo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306221006/http://www.monaco-montecarlo.com/index-history_monaco-en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monaco-montecarlo.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Monaco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monaco-montecarlo.com%2Findex-history_monaco-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Strabo, Geography, Gaul, 4.6.3 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4F*.html#6.3">at LacusCurtious</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629164248/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmo%2Fnoikos">"μόνοικος"</a>. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. 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State.gov. 16 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814092549/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021. 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Retrieved 6 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Monaco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fhl%3Den%26cp%3D5%26gs_id%3D28%26xhr%3Dt%26q%3Dmonaco%26safe%3Doff%26bav%3Don.2%2Cor.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.%2Ccf.osb%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D704%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN%26tab%3Dwl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Recensement-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Recensement_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recensement_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recensement_93-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recensement_93-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/67zk5DtcP?url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/ATTW9ZI8/Recensement2008_p8-9.pdf">"Plan General De La Principaute De Monaco"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/ATTW9ZI8/Recensement2008_p8-9.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plan+General+De+La+Principaute+De+Monaco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcloud.gouv.mc%2Fdevwww%2Fwwwnew.nsf%2Fe89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e%2F64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473%2F%24FILE%2FATTW9ZI8%2FRecensement2008_p8-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Extension-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Extension_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Extension_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_BOUHNIK2010" class="citation web cs1">Robert BOUHNIK (19 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/1ddf179c1910b5fbc1256fc60036dcc6gb?OpenDocument&Count=10000&InfoChap=%20Files%20and%20Reports&InfoSujet=2002%20Archives%20-%20Extension%20of%20%22La%20Condamine%20Port%22&6Gb">"Home > Files and Reports > Public works > 2002 Archives — Extension of "La Condamine Port"(Gb)"</a>. Cloud.gouv.mc. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cloud.gouv.mc&rft.atitle=Home+%3E+Files+and+Reports+%3E+Public+works+%3E+2002+Archives+%E2%80%94+Extension+of+%22La+Condamine+Port%22%28Gb%29&rft.date=2010-10-19&rft.au=Robert+BOUHNIK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcloud.gouv.mc%2Fdevwww%2Fwwwnew.nsf%2F1909%24%2F1ddf179c1910b5fbc1256fc60036dcc6gb%3FOpenDocument%26Count%3D10000%26InfoChap%3D%2520Files%2520and%2520Reports%26InfoSujet%3D2002%2520Archives%2520-%2520Extension%2520of%2520%2522La%2520Condamine%2520Port%2522%266Gb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_95-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_95-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2009" class="citation news cs1">Samuel, Henry (28 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html">"Monaco to build into the sea to create more space"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710014335/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Monaco+to+build+into+the+sea+to+create+more+space&rft.date=2009-12-28&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fmonaco%2F6894991%2FMonaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OpenDoc-96"><a href="#cite_ref-OpenDoc_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Bouhnik2010" class="citation web cs1">Robert Bouhnik (19 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121220003236/http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/3952ae296ac3807cc1256f73002bd426gb?OpenDocument&6Gb&Count=10000">"Home > Files and Reports > Public works(Gb)"</a>. Cloud.gouv.mc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/3952ae296ac3807cc1256f73002bd426gb?OpenDocument&6Gb&Count=10000">the original</a> on 20 December 2012. 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Retrieved 22 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Econostrum.info&rft.atitle=Monaco+remet+sur+le+tapis+le+projet+d%27extension+en+mer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econostrum.info%2FMonaco-remet-sur-le-tapis-le-projet-d-extension-en-mer_a9166.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Presentation-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Presentation_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Presentation_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620235447/http://www.ports-monaco.com/lang-en.html">"Presentation"</a>. Ports-monaco.com. 1 January 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ports-monaco.com/lang-en.html">the original</a> on 20 June 2012. 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Monte Carlo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815003428/https://jdtcujk.blogspot.com/2018/12/monte-carlo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monte+Carlo&rft.atitle=Monte+Carlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjdtcujk.blogspot.com%2F2018%2F12%2Fmonte-carlo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630200229/http://www.west8.nl/projects/landscape/cape_grace_monaco/">"West 8 Urban Design & Landscape Architecture / projects / Cape Grace, Monaco"</a>. West8.nl. 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Retrieved 21 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BoxRec%3A+Event&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboxrec.com%2Fen%2Fevent%2F69315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boxrec.com/en/event/2820">"BoxRec: Event"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021215552/https://boxrec.com/en/event/2820">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021. 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Retrieved 9 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxation+and+Customs+Union+%E2%80%93+Within+the+EU&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ftaxation_customs%2Fcommon%2Ftravellers%2Fwithin_eu%2Ffaq_1179_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AANEG-235"><a href="#cite_ref-AANEG_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/player.cfm?ref=I100473">"RECORDED HRVP Federica MOGHERINI host the ceremony on the occasion of the launching of the Association Agreement(s) negotiations with the Principality of Andorra, the Principality of Monaco and the Republic of San Marino"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. 18 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028044928/https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/video/I-100473">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RECORDED+HRVP+Federica+MOGHERINI+host+the+ceremony+on+the+occasion+of+the+launching+of+the+Association+Agreement%28s%29+negotiations+with+the+Principality+of+Andorra%2C+the+Principality+of+Monaco+and+the+Republic+of+San+Marino&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2015-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Favservices%2Fvideo%2Fplayer.cfm%3Fref%3DI100473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obstacles-237">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obstacles_237-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obstacles_237-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obstacles_237-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2012:0388:FIN:EN:HTML">"Obstacles to access by Andorra, Monaco and San Marino to the EU's Internal Market and Cooperation in other Areas"</a>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225000800/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SWD:2012:0388:FIN:EN:HTML">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obstacles+to+access+by+Andorra%2C+Monaco+and+San+Marino+to+the+EU%27s+Internal+Market+and+Cooperation+in+other+Areas&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DSWD%3A2012%3A0388%3AFIN%3AEN%3AHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:41998D0019:EN:HTML">"The Schengen acquis – Decision of the Executive Committee of 23 June 1998 on Monegasque residence permits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal of the European Union</a>. 22 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002029/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:41998D0019:EN:HTML">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=The+Schengen+acquis+%E2%80%93+Decision+of+the+Executive+Committee+of+23+June+1998+on+Monegasque+residence+permits&rft.date=2000-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A41998D0019%3AEN%3AHTML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st11/st11466.en11.pdf">EU relations with the Principality of Andorra, the Republic of San Marino and the Principality of Monaco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031072159/http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st11/st11466.en11.pdf">Archived</a> 31 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "If France adopts internal legislation transposing EU directives in certain areas covered by bilateral Agreements with Monaco, the Principality directly applies the French legislation in certain areas" </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608000239/http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/common/faq/faq_1178_en.htm">"Taxation and Customs – FAQ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/common/faq/faq_1178_en.htm">the original</a> on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxation+and+Customs+%E2%80%93+FAQ&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ftaxation_customs%2Fcommon%2Ffaq%2Ffaq_1178_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1992:302:0001:0050:EN:PDF">"Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal of the European Union</a>. 19 October 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729113232/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1992:302:0001:0050:EN:PDF">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=Council+Regulation+%28EEC%29+No+2913%2F92+of+12+October+1992+establishing+the+Community+Customs+Code&rft.date=1992-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A1992%3A302%3A0001%3A0050%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-euterritory-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-euterritory_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-euterritory_244-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-euterritory_244-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504214400/http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/customs/procedural_aspects/general/sad/guide/1619-08annexi_en.pdf">"Annex 1: Overview of European Union countries"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/customs/procedural_aspects/general/sad/guide/1619-08annexi_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annex+1%3A+Overview+of+European+Union+countries&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ftaxation_customs%2Fresources%2Fdocuments%2Fcustoms%2Fprocedural_aspects%2Fgeneral%2Fsad%2Fguide%2F1619-08annexi_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-excise-247"><a href="#cite_ref-excise_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:009:0012:0030:EN:PDF">"COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2008/118/EC of 16 December 2008 concerning the general arrangements for excise duty and repealing Directive 92/12/EEC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal of the European Union</a>. 14 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111211629/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:009:0012:0030:EN:PDF">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=COUNCIL+DIRECTIVE+2008%2F118%2FEC+of+16+December+2008+concerning+the+general+arrangements+for+excise+duty+and+repealing+Directive+92%2F12%2FEEC&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2009%3A009%3A0012%3A0030%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonaco" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Monaco at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Monaco" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Monaco">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Monaco" class="extiw" title="c:Monaco">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Monaco" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Monaco">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Monaco" class="extiw" title="q:Monaco">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Monaco" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Monaco">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Monaco" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Monaco">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Monaco" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Monaco">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Monaco" class="extiw" title="voy:Monaco">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gouv.mc/">Official Government Portal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202215746/http://www.gouv.mc/">Archived</a> 2 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palais.mc/">Official website of the Prince's Palace of Monaco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317001038/https://www.palais.mc/">Archived</a> 17 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/MN.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307174823/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/MN.html">Archived</a> 7 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gouv.mc/content/download/175997/2030403/file/monaco%20statistics%20pocket%202014.pdf">Monaco Statistics Pocket – Edition 2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217010344/http://www.gouv.mc/content/download/175997/2030403/file/monaco%20statistics%20pocket%202014.pdf">Archived</a> 17 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>General information</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/">Monaco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230233800/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/">Archived</a> 30 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085244/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/monaco.htm">Monaco</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monaco.me/">Monaco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519225951/http://monaco.me/">Archived</a> 19 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Information about Monaco.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Monaco:_Primary_Documents">History of Monaco: Primary documents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515180222/http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Monaco:_Primary_Documents">Archived</a> 15 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Monaco" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Monaco">Wikimedia Atlas of Monaco</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1124039">Monaco</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Monaco/@43.7378666,7.4170977,3465m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x12cdc26f7b3f8531:0x74f7784c3ac49cfc!8m2!3d43.7384176!4d7.4246158?hl=en">Google Earth view</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102513/https://www.google.com/maps/place/Monaco/@43.7378666,7.4170977,3465m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x12cdc26f7b3f8531:0x74f7784c3ac49cfc!8m2!3d43.7384176!4d7.4246158?hl=en">Archived</a> 8 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Travel</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitmonaco.com/">Official website for tourism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051124005618/http://www.visitmonaco.com/">Archived</a> 24 November 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>News</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17615784">Monaco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180721064420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17615784">Archived</a> 21 July 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://NEWS.MC">NEWS.MC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415212922/https://news.mc/">Archived</a> 15 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. English-language Monaco news source and publisher of daily newsletter <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mc/newsletter">Good Morning Monaco</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monacolife.net/">Monacolife.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415114519/http://www.monacolife.net/">Archived</a> 15 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. English news portal.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monacotimes.com/">The Monaco Times</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231634/http://monacotimes.com/">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – A regular feature in The Riviera Times is the English language newspaper for the French–Italian Riviera and the Principality of Monaco provides monthly local news and information about the business, art and culture, people and lifestyle, events and also the real estate market.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monaco-iq.com/">Monaco-IQ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202104519/http://monaco-iq.com/">Archived</a> 2 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Monaco information and news aggregator.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordremedecins.mc/">Order of the doctors of Monaco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221150216/http://www.ordremedecins.mc/">Archived</a> 21 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in French)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monaco_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monaco_topics" title="Template:Monaco topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monaco_topics" title="Template talk:Monaco topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monaco_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monaco topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monaco_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monaco</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Monaco" title="Outline of Monaco">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Monaco" title="History of Monaco">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Grimaldi" title="François Grimaldi">François Grimaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Monaco_relations" title="France–Monaco relations">France–Monaco relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas_(1524)" title="Treaty of Tordesillas (1524)">Treaty of Tordesillas (1524)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_P%C3%A9ronne_(1641)" title="Treaty of Péronne (1641)">Treaty of Péronne (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stupinigi" title="Treaty of Stupinigi">Treaty of Stupinigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Mon%C3%A9gasque_Treaties" title="Franco-Monégasque Treaties">Franco-Monégasque Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">House of Grimaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Anarchism in Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_succession_crisis_of_1918" title="Monaco succession crisis of 1918">1918 succession crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_Revolution" title="Monégasque Revolution">Monégasque Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Monaco" title="List of rulers of Monaco">Rulers of Monaco</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_pays_Monaco.svg/80px-Blason_pays_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_pays_Monaco.svg/120px-Blason_pays_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_pays_Monaco.svg/160px-Blason_pays_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="588" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Monaco_border" class="mw-redirect" title="France–Monaco border">France–Monaco border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Monaco" title="Land reclamation in Monaco">Land reclamation in Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Agel" title="Mont Agel">Mont Agel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Monaco" title="Rock of Monaco">Rock of Monaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Monaco" title="Politics of Monaco">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Government" title="Council of Government">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_Council_of_Monaco" title="Communal Council of Monaco">Communal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Monaco–Holy See relations">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Monaco" title="Constitution of Monaco">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Monaco" title="Court of Appeal of Monaco">Court of Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Revision_(Monaco)" title="Court of Revision (Monaco)">Court of Revision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Council_of_Monaco" title="Crown Council of Monaco">Crown Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Monaco" title="Elections in Monaco">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace_(Monaco)" title="Justice of the peace (Monaco)">Justice of the peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_microstates" title="European microstates">European microstates</a> <a href="/wiki/Microstates_and_the_European_Union" title="Microstates and the European Union">and the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Monaco" title="Foreign relations of Monaco">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_Judges_and_Prosecutors_(Monaco)" title="High Council of Judges and Prosecutors (Monaco)">High Council of Judges and Prosecutors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Police_Department" title="Monaco Police Department">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Monaco" title="List of mayors of Monaco">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Services_(Monaco)" title="Public Services (Monaco)">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Minister of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Monaco)" title="National Council (Monaco)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Monaco" title="List of political parties in Monaco">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Monaco" title="Supreme Court of Monaco">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Monaco" title="Economy of Monaco">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Monaco" title="List of banks in Monaco">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Monaco" title="Energy in Monaco">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_euro_coins" title="Monégasque euro coins">Euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Monaco">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Monaco" title="Transport in Monaco">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymne_mon%C3%A9gasque" title="Hymne monégasque">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Monaco" title="Architecture of Monaco">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Monaco" title="Coat of arms of Monaco">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Monaco" title="Demographics of Monaco">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" title="Flag of Monaco">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Monaco" title="Languages of Monaco">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Monaco" title="Music of Monaco">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Monaco" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Monaco">Orders, decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Monaco" title="List of public art in Monaco">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Monaco" title="Public holidays in Monaco">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Monaco" title="National Day of Monaco">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santos_Dumont%27s_experiments_in_Monaco" title="Santos Dumont's experiments in Monaco">Santos Dumont's experiments in Monaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Monaco" title="Outline of Monaco">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Monaco" title="Outline of Monaco">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monaco" title="Category:Monaco">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monaco" title="Portal:Monaco">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas of internal sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li>4 Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>, Andorra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a>, Luxembourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monaco</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a>, San Marino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, North Macedonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, Albania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, Northern Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a>, Abkhazia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, Transnistria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, South Ossetia3</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>, Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a>, Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, Svalbard (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a>, Burgenland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Styria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Tyrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>, Carinthia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Upper Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Salzburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a>, Lower Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a>, Brčko District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Bremen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Thuringia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Hamburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Bavaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Brandenburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, Saarland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>, Chuvashia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a>, Kalmykia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, Chechnya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, Udmurtia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, Tatarstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a>, Ingushetia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a>, Dagestan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a>, Adygea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>, Karelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a>, Mordovia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a>, Komi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, Perm Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a>, Aargau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a>, Uri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, Ticino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, Grisons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a>, Jura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>, Thurgau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Vaud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, Obwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, Valais</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a>, Nidwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Sardinia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Sicily</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a>, Azores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Catalonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, La Rioja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, Extremadura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Asturias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, Navarre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a>, Cantabria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, Galicia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Andalusia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Valencian Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li>2 Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li>3 Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li>4 A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Sardinia" title="Sea of Sardinia">Sea of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Articles_on_first-level_administrative_divisions_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First-level_administrative_divisions_in_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First-level <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parishes_of_Andorra" title="Parishes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Administrative divisions of Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_states_of_Austria" title="Federal states of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Azerbaijan" title="Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Belarus" title="Regions of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Cyprus" title="Districts of Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Regions of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Greece" title="Regions of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iceland" title="Regions of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kazakhstan" title="Regions of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia" title="Administrative divisions of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Liechtenstein" title="Municipalities of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Lithuania" title="Counties of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Luxembourg" title="Cantons of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_councils_of_Malta" title="Local councils of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moldova" title="Administrative divisions of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Administrative_divisions">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Montenegro" title="Municipalities of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" title="Provinces of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_North_Macedonia" title="Municipalities of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a 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title="Districts of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Kosovo" title="Districts of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Districts of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Ossetia" title="Administrative divisions of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Transnistria" title="Administrative divisions of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">Table of administrative divisions by country</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li><li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121814116">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130909670">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1215184/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvhmQxYxfQMKWDqh7ttKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4040031-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81101064">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945108x">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945108x">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567822">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131149&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451856">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000228467&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr5762wc3td6mvt">Sweden</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/12451">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552751505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6f26d528-4467-3ecb-b105-10daf3466b40">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/540cf3f2-ec76-432e-bcb8-f3c44204c2b5">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/WY0YSogU">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02658560X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003363">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044738">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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