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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tjalling Koopmans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 48 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2" title="تيالينغ كوبمانز – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيالينغ كوبمانز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyallinq_Kupmans" title="Tyallinq Kupmans – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tyallinq Kupmans" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="تیالینق کوپمانس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیالینق کوپمانس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Цьялінг Купманс – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цьялінг Купманс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Тялинг Купманс – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тялинг Купманс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_C._Koopmans" title="Tjalling C. Koopmans – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tjalling C. Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="تیالینگ کوپمانس – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیالینگ کوپمانس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EB%A7%81_%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84%EB%A7%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="찰링 코프만스 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="찰링 코프만스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Տյալլինգ Կուպմանս – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տյալլինգ Կուպմանս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Charles_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Charles Koopmans – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tjalling Charles Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="צ'אלינג קופמאנס – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'אלינג קופמאנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტიალინგ კუპმანსი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიალინგ კუპმანსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Тјалинг Копманс – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тјалинг Копманс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტიალინგ კუპმანსი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიალინგ კუპმანსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2" title="تجالينج كوبمانز – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تجالينج كوبمانز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="チャリング・クープマンス – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャリング・クープマンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3" title="تجالنگ کوپمنس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تجالنگ کوپمنس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Charles_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Charles Koopmans – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tjalling Charles Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%A2%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Купманс, Тьяллинг – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Купманс, Тьяллинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Тјалинг Копманс – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тјалинг Копманс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tjalling Koopmans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" 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1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Tjalling Koopmans</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg/250px-TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg/375px-TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg/500px-TjallingKoopmans1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span> <div style=""></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><span title="nederländska">Tjalling Charles Koopmans</span><br /><a href="/wiki/28_augusti" title="28 augusti">28 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a><sup id="cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27s-Graveland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'s-Graveland [inte skriven än]">'s-Graveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">Nederländerna</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/26_februari" title="26 februari">26 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a><sup id="cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (74 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Konungariket_Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Konungariket Nederländerna">Konungariket Nederländerna</a> och <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Utrecht" title="Universitetet i Utrecht">Universitetet i Utrecht</a>, <time datetime="1932">1932</time><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Amsterdam" title="Universiteit van Amsterdam">Amsterdams universitet</a>, <time datetime="1934">1934</time><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Leiden" title="Universitetet i Leiden">Universitetet i Leiden</a>, <time datetime="1936">1936</time><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Oslo" title="Universitetet i Oslo">Universitetet i Oslo</a>, <time datetime="1935">1935</time><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110968?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Nationalekonom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalekonom">Nationalekonom</a><sup id="cite_ref-7b286093b6ec03c57e39b254d18edad34fd5115e_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b286093b6ec03c57e39b254d18edad34fd5115e-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Matematiker" title="Matematiker">matematiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fysiker" title="Fysiker">fysiker</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Befattning</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordf%C3%B6rande" title="Ordförande">Ordförande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Economic_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Economic Association [inte skriven än]">American Economic Association</a><small> (1978–1979)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><span class="modulwikidata2_missingswedishlabel" title="danska" data-q="Q104766198">Netherlands School of Economics</span><small> (1936–1938)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Nationernas_f%C3%B6rbund" title="Nationernas förbund">Nationernas förbund</a><small> (1938–1940)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><small> (1940–1941)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="modulwikidata2_missingswedishlabel" title="engelska" data-q="Q17085118">Penn Mutual</span><small> (1941–1942)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="modulwikidata2_missingswedishlabel" title="engelska" data-q="Q105545787">British Merchant Shipping Industry Joint Working Party</span><small> (1942–1944)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><small> (1944–1955)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><small> (1955–1980)</small><sup id="cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Noterbara verk</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Koopmans_teorem" title="Koopmans teorem">Koopmans teorem</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellow_of_the_Econometric_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fellow of the Econometric Society [inte skriven än]">Fellow of the Econometric Society</a><small> (1939)</small><sup id="cite_ref-a015eced8525fdc65a929379bc65a3ce4258d0dc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a015eced8525fdc65a929379bc65a3ce4258d0dc-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics<small> (1943)</small><sup id="cite_ref-3f07ebafe87c94f352086987fef2759131e15e23_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3f07ebafe87c94f352086987fef2759131e15e23-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_riksbanks_pris_i_ekonomisk_vetenskap_till_Alfred_Nobels_minne" title="Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne">Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne</a><small> (1975)</small><sup id="cite_ref-4396df9abb71ad0df32dba96cc0d722a0a7ca482_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4396df9abb71ad0df32dba96cc0d722a0a7ca482-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association<br />Fellow of the American Statistical Association<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisher-Schultz_Lecture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisher-Schultz Lecture [inte skriven än]">Fisher-Schultz Lecture</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Tjalling Koopmans">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Tjalling Charles Koopmans</b>, född <a href="/wiki/28_augusti" title="28 augusti">28 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27s-Graveland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'s-Graveland [inte skriven än]">'s-Graveland</a>, död <a href="/wiki/26_februari" title="26 februari">26 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> i <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna">nederländsk</a>-<a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalekonom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalekonom">nationalekonom</a> som belönades med <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbanks_pris_i_ekonomisk_vetenskap_till_Alfred_Nobels_minne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne">Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne</a> <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_JHFacts_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_JHFacts-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koopmans studerade <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">matematik</a> och <a href="/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik">fysik</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Utrecht" title="Universitetet i Utrecht">Universitetet i Utrecht</a> och <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Leiden" title="Universitetet i Leiden">Universitetet i Leiden</a>. Han tog sin <a href="/wiki/Doktorsexamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Doktorsexamen">doktorsexamen</a> i nationalekonomi i Leiden 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1936–1938 undervisade Koopmans i <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergens</a> ställe vid Nederländska ekonomiska högskolan (NEH) i Rotterdam, medan Tinbergen arbetade vid <a href="/wiki/Nationernas_f%C3%B6rbund" title="Nationernas förbund">Nationernas förbund</a> (NF) i <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Genève">Genève</a>. 1938 efterträdde han Tinbergen vid NF.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_JHFacts_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_JHFacts-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskrigets</a> utbrott flyttade han i juni 1940 till USA, där han arbetade som statistiker för den brittiska handelsflottans mission i <a href="/wiki/Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington">Washington</a>. 1944 började han arbeta för <a href="/wiki/Cowleskommissionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowleskommissionen">Cowleskommissionen</a> för ekonomiforskning vid <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> som leddes av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Marschak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Marschak [inte skriven än]">Jacob Marschak</a>. 1948 tog Koopmans över som forskningsdirektör för kommissionen. När kommissionen flyttade till <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> 1955, där <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> ledde den nya Cowles-stiftelsen, följde Koopmans med och blev <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> i nationalekonomi där.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_JHFacts_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_JHFacts-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koopmans blev amerikansk medborgare 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insatser_inom_nationalekonomi">Insatser inom nationalekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Insatser inom nationalekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Insatser inom nationalekonomi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under andra världskriget arbetade Koopmans med att välja transportrutter för att minimera den totala transportkostnaden för varor från alternativa platser i USA till specificerade platser i Storbritannien.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han visade att detta kan beräknas genom ett <a href="/wiki/Ekvationssystem" title="Ekvationssystem">ekvationssystem</a> som innehåller kostnaden för varorna vid sina ursprung och kostnaderna för att transportera dem via alternativa rutter. Han tog också fram en allmän matematisk modell av problemet, och utökade användningen av sin metod till andra ekonomiska problem. </p><p>För sina insatser inom nationalekonomin belönades Koopmans med <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbanks_pris_i_ekonomisk_vetenskap_till_Alfred_Nobels_minne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne">Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne</a> 1975, tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Kantorovich</a>. Prismotiveringen för Koopmans och Kantorovich löd "för deras bidrag till teorin för optimal resursanvändning".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koopmans och Kantorovich hade oberoende av varandra utvecklat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aktivitetsanalys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aktivitetsanalys [inte skriven än]">aktivitetsanalys</a> för resursallokering i syfte att uppnå ett givet ekonomisk mål till lägsta kostnad.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insatser_inom_kvantmekanik">Insatser inom kvantmekanik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Insatser inom kvantmekanik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Insatser inom kvantmekanik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koopmans är också upphovsman till <a href="/wiki/Koopmans_teorem" title="Koopmans teorem">Koopmans teorem</a>, ett samband i <a href="/wiki/Kvantkemi" title="Kvantkemi">kvantkemi</a> som han härledde under sin utbildning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tjalling_Koopmans&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</i>, läst: 22 augusti 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7c649a2fe5232db6ae0b302b5381bdd93abdf07c_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/40712225"><span title="nederländska">Tjalling Charles Koopmans</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Biografisch_Portaal" title="Biografisch Portaal">Biografisch Portaal</a></i> (på nederländska), <a href="/wiki/Biografisch_Portaal" title="Biografisch Portaal">Biografisch Portaal-nummer</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/40712225">40712225</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/40712225">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-87ac86ed50531b18e3f7808fc2e21bcffcc66176_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>SNAC</i>, SNAC Ark-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j398sv">w6j398sv</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ica2012.ica.org/files/pdf/Full%20papers%20upload/ica12Final00310.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-4"><small>e</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-5"><small>f</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-6"><small>g</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-7"><small>h</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-8"><small>i</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-9"><small>j</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-10"><small>k</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-11"><small>l</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_4-12"><small>m</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</i>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7b286093b6ec03c57e39b254d18edad34fd5115e-5"><a href="#cite_ref-7b286093b6ec03c57e39b254d18edad34fd5115e_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a></i>, läst: 25 juni 2015.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a015eced8525fdc65a929379bc65a3ce4258d0dc-6"><a href="#cite_ref-a015eced8525fdc65a929379bc65a3ce4258d0dc_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.econometricsociety.org/society/organization-and-governance/fellows/memoriam">läs online</a>, <i>www.econometricsociety.org</i> , läst: 6 april 2023.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3f07ebafe87c94f352086987fef2759131e15e23-7"><a href="#cite_ref-3f07ebafe87c94f352086987fef2759131e15e23_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Scientific Legacy Database</i>, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imstat.org/scientific-legacy-database/">läs online</a>, läst: 16 december 2022.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4396df9abb71ad0df32dba96cc0d722a0a7ca482-8"><a href="#cite_ref-4396df9abb71ad0df32dba96cc0d722a0a7ca482_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/summary/"><span title="engelska">The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975</span></a>, Nobelprize.org</i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/summary/">läs online</a>, läst: 5 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_JHFacts-9">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_JHFacts_9-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_JHFacts_9-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_JHFacts_9-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/koopmans/facts/">Tjalling C. Koopmans: Facts & Biographical</a>, The Nobel Prize, läst 2020-10-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-EB_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_10-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_10-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_10-3"><small>d</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_10-4"><small>e</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tjalling-Koopmans">Tjalling C. Koopmans</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, läst 2020-10-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kva.se/sv/priser/pristagare/tjalling-c-koopmans-2">Tjalling C Koopmans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030135833/https://www.kva.se/sv/priser/pristagare/tjalling-c-koopmans-2">Arkiverad</a> 30 oktober 2020 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien: Ekonomipriset, läst 2020-10-27</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Riksbankens_pris_till_Nobels_minne" title="Mall:Riksbankens pris till Nobels minne"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Riksbankens_pris_till_Nobels_minne&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Mottagare av <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Riksbanks_pris_i_ekonomisk_vetenskap_till_Alfred_Nobels_minne" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne">Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">1969–1975</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1969)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Samuelson</a> (1970)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Kuznets</a> (1971)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow</a> (1972)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Leontief</a> (1973)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a> (1974)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovitj" title="Leonid Kantorovitj">Kantorovitj</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Koopmans</a> (1975)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">1976–2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a> (1976)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Ohlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">Meade</a> (1977)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Simon</a> (1978)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Schultz" title="Theodore Schultz">Schultz</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Arthur_Lewis" title="William Arthur Lewis">Lewis</a> (1979)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Klein</a> (1980)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">Tobin</a> (1981)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">Stigler</a> (1982)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Debreu" title="Gerard Debreu">Debreu</a> (1983)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Stone</a> (1984)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Modigliani</a> (1985)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1986)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow</a> (1987)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Allais</a> (1988)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Haavelmo</a> (1989)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Markowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">Sharpe</a> (1990)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a> (1991)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Becker</a> (1992)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fogel" title="Robert Fogel">Fogel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglass_North" title="Douglass North">North</a> (1993)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" title="John Harsanyi">Harsanyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" title="John Forbes Nash">Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Selten</a> (1994)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Lucas</a> (1995)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">Mirrlees</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">Vickrey</a> (1996)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Merton" title="Robert C. Merton">Merton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myron_Scholes" title="Myron Scholes">Scholes</a> (1997)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a> (1998)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Mundell</a> (1999)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">Heckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">McFadden</a> (2000)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Från 2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/George_Akerlof" title="George Akerlof">Akerlof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spence" title="Michael Spence">Spence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Stiglitz</a> (2001)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Kahneman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith" title="Vernon L. Smith">Smith</a> (2002)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Engle" title="Robert F. Engle">Engle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Granger" title="Clive Granger">Granger</a> (2003)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland" title="Finn E. Kydland">Kydland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott" title="Edward C. Prescott">Prescott</a> (2004)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Aumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Schelling</a> (2005)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Phelps" title="Edmund S. Phelps">Phelps</a> (2006)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Hurwicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Maskin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Myerson</a> (2007)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a> (2008)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Ostrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Williamson" title="Oliver Williamson">Williamson</a> (2009)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Diamond" title="Peter A. Diamond">Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_Mortensen" title="Dale Mortensen">Mortensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Pissarides" title="Christopher Pissarides">Pissarides</a> (2010)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Sargent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Sims</a> (2011)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Roth" title="Alvin Roth">Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley" title="Lloyd Shapley">Shapley</a> (2012)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Fama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shiller" title="Robert Shiller">Shiller</a> (2013)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Tirole</a> (2014)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Angus_Deaton" title="Angus Deaton">Deaton</a> (2015)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart" title="Oliver Hart">Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m_(nationalekonom)" title="Bengt Holmström (nationalekonom)">Holmström</a> (2016)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Thaler</a> (2017)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Nordhaus" title="William Nordhaus">Nordhaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Romer" title="Paul Romer">Romer</a> (2018)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Banerjee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Duflo" title="Esther Duflo">Duflo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kremer" title="Michael Kremer">Kremer</a> (2019)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Milgrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Wilson</a> (2020)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Card" title="David Card">Card</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Angrist" title="Joshua Angrist">Angrist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Imbens</a> (2021)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Bernanke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_W._Diamond" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas W. Diamond">Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Dybvig" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip H. Dybvig">Dybvig</a> (2022)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Goldin</a> (2023)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daron_Acemo%C4%9Flu" title="Daron Acemoğlu">Acemoğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Johnson" title="Simon Johnson">Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Robinson" title="James A. Robinson">Robinson</a> (2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84183337">WorldCat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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