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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> This article is about a bishop's throne. For the planthopper genus, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra_serrata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedra serrata">Cathedra serrata</a>. </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p>A <i><b>cathedra</b></i> is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podium">raised</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Throne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Throne">throne</a> of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bishop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bishop">bishop</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Early_Christian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian">early Christian</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilica_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica (architecture)">basilica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When used with this meaning, it may also be called the <b>bishop's throne</b>. With time, the related term <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a></i> became synonymous with the "seat", or principal church, of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bishopric?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:San_giovanni_in_laterano,_interno,_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/San_giovanni_in_laterano%2C_interno%2C_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg/220px-San_giovanni_in_laterano%2C_interno%2C_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/San_giovanni_in_laterano%252C_interno%252C_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg/330px-San_giovanni_in_laterano%252C_interno%252C_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/San_giovanni_in_laterano%252C_interno%252C_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg/440px-San_giovanni_in_laterano%252C_interno%252C_presbiterio_02_cattedra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3304" data-file-height="2304"></a> <figcaption> The <i>cathedra</i> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope">Pope</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apse">apse</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._John_Lateran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Lateran">St. John Lateran</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg/220px-Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg/330px-Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg/440px-Cathedra_Los_Angeles_20050221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168"></a> <figcaption> Modern cathedra at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Angels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels">Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cathedra,_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cathedra%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg/100px-Cathedra%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cathedra%252C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg/150px-Cathedra%252C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Cathedra%252C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg/200px-Cathedra%252C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="2013"></a> <figcaption> Cathedra (19th century) showing arms of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Pennsylvania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania">Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania</a>, at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)">Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>The word in modern languages derives from a normal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word καθέδρα [<i>kathédra</i>], meaning "seat", with no special religious connotations, and the Latin <i>cathedra</i>, specifically a chair with arms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>It is a symbol of the bishop's teaching authority in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican_Communion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> churches.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cathedrae_apostolorum"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Cathedrae apostolorum</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ex_cathedra"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Ex cathedra</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cathedra_as_bishop's_see"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Cathedra</i> as bishop's see</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cathedrals_as_a_bishop's_seat"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Cathedrals as a bishop's seat</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notable_examples"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notable examples</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cathedra_Petri"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cathedra Petri</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chair_of_Bishop_Maximianus"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chair of Bishop Maximianus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chair_of_St._Augustine"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Chair of St. Augustine</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Placement"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Placement</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Western_churches"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Western churches</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eastern_churches"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Eastern churches</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The English word "cathedra", plural cathedrae, comes from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> word for "armchair", itself derived from the Greek (καθέδρα). After the 4th century, the term's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> connotations of authority reserved for the Emperor were adopted by bishops. It is closely related to the etymology of the word <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chair">chair</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cathedrae_apostolorum"><i>Cathedrae apostolorum</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cathedrae apostolorum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The term appears in early Christian literature in the phrase <i>cathedrae apostolorum</i>, indicating authority derived directly from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twelve_Apostles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">the apostles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ex_cathedra"><i>Ex cathedra</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Ex cathedra" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papal_infallibility?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a> </div> <p>The doctrine of papal infallibility, the Latin phrase <i>ex cathedra</i> (literally, "from the chair") was proclaimed at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Vatican_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pius_IX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a> in 1870 as meaning "when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, the Bishop of Rome defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CathEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cathedra_as_bishop's_see"><span id="Cathedra_as_bishop.27s_see"></span><i>Cathedra</i> as bishop's see</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cathedra as bishop's see" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertullian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 155</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 240?</span>) was the first to use cathedra in the meaning of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episcopal_see?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episcopal see">bishop's see</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CathEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cathedrals_as_a_bishop's_seat"><span id="Cathedrals_as_a_bishop.27s_seat"></span>Cathedrals as a bishop's seat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cathedrals as a bishop's seat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Eventually, the main <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_(building)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church (building)">church</a> of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diocese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocese">diocese</a>, used as the primary church by its bishop, received the title '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cathedral is literally the church into which a bishop's official <i>cathedra</i> is installed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joint_International_Commission_for_Theological_Dialogue_Between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Orthodox_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church">Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church</a> makes use of the term <i>cathedral</i> to point out the existence of a bishop in each local <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian Church">church</a>, in the heart of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostolic_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostolic succession">ecclesial apostolicity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notable_examples">Notable examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notable examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cathedra_Petri">Cathedra Petri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Cathedra Petri" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Cathedra_Petri.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cathedra_Petri.jpg/220px-Cathedra_Petri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="2856"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cathedra_Petri.jpg/220px-Cathedra_Petri.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cathedra_Petri.jpg/330px-Cathedra_Petri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cathedra_Petri.jpg/440px-Cathedra_Petri.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bernini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernini">Bernini</a>'s massive sculptural reliquary for the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra_Petri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedra Petri">Cathedra Petri</a></i>, the "Chair of Peter", is in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Rome, and placed above and behind one of the altars </figcaption> </figure> <p>The definitive example of a <i>cathedra</i> is that encased within the <i>Triumph of the cathedra Petri</i> designed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> in 1657, and completed and installed in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St Peter's Rome</a> in 1666. As early as the 8th century, an ancient wooden chair overlaid with ivory plaques depicting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Twelve_Labours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Twelve Labours">The Twelve Labours</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heracles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> and some of the constellations,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was venerated as the episcopal chair of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter">St. Peter</a>. It is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> throne with framed fragments of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acacia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acacia">acacia</a> wood, encased in the oak carcass and reinforced with iron bands. It was long believed to have been used by the Apostle <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, but the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy_See?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> recognises that the chair was a gift from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_the_Bald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_John_VIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope John VIII">Pope John VIII</a> in 875.<sup id="cite_ref-vatican-state_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-vatican-state-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several rings facilitated its transportation during processions. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> commissioned Bernini to build a monument to display this relic in a triumphant manner. Bernini's gilded bronze throne, richly ornamented with <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas-relief?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-reliefs</a></i>, encloses the relic. On January 17, 1666, it was solemnly set above the altar of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatican_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. Greater than life-sized sculptures of four <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctors_of_the_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a> form an honour guard: St. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambrose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a> and St. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athanasius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a> on the left, and St. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Chrysostom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustine of Hippo">St. Augustine</a> on the right.</p> <p>Celebrated on February 22 in accordance with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendar_of_saints?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendar of saints">calendar of saints</a>, the Feast of Cathedra Petri (the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feast_of_the_Chair_of_Peter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Chair of Peter">Feast of the Chair of Peter</a> the Apostle) honours the founding of the church in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a> and gives thanks for the work of Saint Peter.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Chair_of_Bishop_Maximianus">Chair of Bishop Maximianus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Chair of Bishop Maximianus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A fifth- or sixth-century bishop's throne decorated with elaborate ivory carving is preserved in the sacristy of the cathedral at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ravenna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>. It bears a monogram in front, "Maximianus ep.", which gave it its name. The identity of the bishop is given by the 1908 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> as Maximianus of Constantinople (d. 431), considered as more likely than Maximianus of Ravenna (d. 556).<sup id="cite_ref-CathEnc_5-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CathEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Chair_of_St._Augustine">Chair of St. Augustine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Chair of St. Augustine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chair_of_St._Augustine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair of St. Augustine">Chair of St. Augustine</a> represents one of the most ancient extant cathedrae in use. Named after the first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Augustine_of_Canterbury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Augustine of Canterbury">St. Augustine of Canterbury</a>, it is made of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purbeck_Marble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purbeck Marble">Purbeck Marble</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bethesda,_Gwynedd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bethesda, Gwynedd">Bethesda</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marble">marble</a> and dates to sometime between the 6th and 12th centuries. Those who argue for an older date suggest that it may have been used to crown the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kingdom of Kent">kings of Kent</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, in which the cathedra is housed, maintains that the chair was once part of the furnishings of the shrine of St. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Becket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>, since dismantled.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Middle Ages, it has always been used in the triple enthronement of an Archbishop of Canterbury. He is seated on the throne in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Choir_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Choir (architecture)">quire</a> as Diocesan Bishop, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chapter_house?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chapter house">chapter house</a> as titular <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbot">abbot</a>, and in St. Augustine's chair as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primate_of_All_England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of All England">Primate of All England</a>. This is the only occasion in which the cathedra is used. A second cathedra is used for other occasions at which the archbishop is present.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Placement">Placement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Placement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The early Christian bishop's throne, or <i>cathedra</i>, stood in an elevated position behind the altar, near the wall of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apse">apse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had been the position of the magistrate in the apse of the Roman <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilica">basilica</a>, which provided the model type—and sometimes were adapted as the structures—for early Christian basilicas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Western_churches">Western churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Western churches" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_Ages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, as altars came to be placed against the wall of the apse, the practice of placing the cathedra to one side (mostly left) became standard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <p>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, the altar is often free-standing. The cathedra in cathedrals built or renovated after Vatican II is sometimes placed behind the altar, as in ancient Roman basilicas.</p> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> practice, the cathedra tends to be placed to one side in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Choir_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Choir (architecture)">choir</a>, although in more contemporary practice, it is commonly placed on the gospel side of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chancel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chancel">chancel</a> (i.e., to the left of the altar, as one looks at it from the front).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Eastern_churches">Eastern churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Eastern churches" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Eastern Orthodox and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byzantine_Rite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> Catholic churches have a throne for the bishop in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apse">apse</a> behind the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eastern_Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic_.28Byzantine.29" title="Altar">holy table</a>, with seats for the priests (Greek: <i>synthranon</i>) arranged to either side. This location is referred to as the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High_place?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="High place">high place</a>" and represents the presence of Christ presiding over the services, even when the bishop is not present and therefore an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Icon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Icon">icon</a> of Christ is often placed above the bishop's throne. The bishop ascends to the high place only during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divine_liturgy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine liturgy">divine liturgy</a>, at the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trisagion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trisagion">Trisagion</a></i>. For this reason, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consecration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Consecration_of_Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecration</a> of a bishop takes place at the <i>Trisagion,</i> so that he may ascend to the high place for the first time as a bishop during the liturgy at which he is consecrated.</p> <p>Another throne is provided for the bishop in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nave">nave</a> of the church:</p> <ul> <li>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a> practice, this is normally located along the southern wall of the church, on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kliros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kliros">kliros</a>. In this style, it is one of the monastic choir stalls (<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kathismata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathismata">kathismata</a></i>), only more elaborately carved, usually at the top of three steps, and with a canopy above it. During the divine liturgy, the deacon ascends to this throne to read the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gospel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gospel">gospel</a>, facing west.</li> <li>In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> practice, the <i>kafedra</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">кафедра</span>, <i>káfedra</i>) is a large square platform set in the very center of the nave, with a removable chair or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faldstool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faldstool">faldstool</a> placed on it. This arrangement is a remnant of the ancient <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bema">bemah</a> (Greek: <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambon_(liturgy)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambon (liturgy)">amvon</a></i>), borrowed from the Jewish synagogue, which stood in the center of the church in ancient times. Sometimes during the liturgy, the deacon stands on this platform, facing east, to read the gospel.</li> </ul> <p>An <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_rug?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle rug">orlets</a></i> is usually placed at both the high place and the throne in the nave. An orlets is usually kept permanently on the Russian <i>kafedra</i>, even when the chair is removed; the orlets is, however, removed when a deacon stands on the <i>kafedra</i> to read the gospel.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="The Metropolitan bishop's cathedra at the Church of Saint Gregory Palamas, Thessaloniki, following the Eastern practice"> <noscript> <img alt="The Metropolitan bishop's cathedra at the Church of Saint Gregory Palamas, Thessaloniki, following the Eastern practice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg/90px-07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg/90px-07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg" data-alt="The Metropolitan bishop's cathedra at the Church of Saint Gregory Palamas, Thessaloniki, following the Eastern practice" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg/135px-07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg/180px-07Thessaloniki_Metropolitan06.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan bishop</a>'s cathedra at the Church of Saint Gregory Palamas, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thessaloniki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, following the Eastern practice </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Orthodox kafedra in the center of the nave with its Eagle rug (orlets)"> <noscript> <img alt="Russian Orthodox kafedra in the center of the nave with its Eagle rug (orlets)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg/80px-Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="3008"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg/80px-Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg" data-alt="Russian Orthodox kafedra in the center of the nave with its Eagle rug (orlets)" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg/120px-Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg/160px-Holy_Trinity_Russian_Orthodox_Church_071215.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Russian Orthodox <i>kafedra</i> in the center of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nave?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nave">nave</a> with its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_rug?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle rug">Eagle rug</a> (<i>orlets</i>) </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tribunes, bishop's cathedra and stasidia at the basilica of Hagios Demetrios, Thessaloniki"> <noscript> <img alt="Tribunes, bishop's cathedra and stasidia at the basilica of Hagios Demetrios, Thessaloniki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg/120px-Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg/120px-Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg" data-alt="Tribunes, bishop's cathedra and stasidia at the basilica of Hagios Demetrios, Thessaloniki" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg/180px-Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg/240px-Tribunes_Saint_Demetrius_Church_Salonica.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Tribunes</i>, bishop's <i>cathedra</i> and <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kathisma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kathisma">stasidia</a></i> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilica">basilica</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hagios_Demetrios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hagios Demetrios">Hagios Demetrios</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thessaloniki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chapter_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter (religion)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episcopal_see?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episcopal see">Episcopal see</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulpit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulpit">Pulpit</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lists of cathedrals">Lists of cathedrals</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEditors_of_the_EB" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Editors of the EB . <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/cathedra">"Cathedra (chair)"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cathedra+%28chair%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.au=Editors+of+the+EB+&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fcathedra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tertullian, "De Praescriptione Haereticorum: XXXVI", <span class="languageicon">(in Latin)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/latin/de_praescriptione_haereticorum.htm">Tertullian.org</a>, Accessed January 30, 2010</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tertullian, "The Prescription Against Heretics: Chapter 36", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/anf/anf03/anf03-24.htm%23P3125_1133921">Tertulllian.org</a>, Accessed January 30, 2010</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Edward_Manning1871" class="citation book cs1">Henry Edward Manning (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_MMPAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA105"><i><span></span></i>De Fide<i>, quaest. xii, apud Rocaberti, tom. xx, p. 388, quoted in </i>The Vatican Council and Its Definitions: Pastoral Letter to the Clergy<i><span></span></i></a>. p. 105<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-15</span></span>. <q>Ferre also writes:"The exposition of certain Paris (doctors) is of no avail, who affirm that Christ only promised that the faith should not fail of the Church founded upon Peter; and not that it should not fail in the successors of Peter taken apart from (seorsum) the Church"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Fide%2C+quaest.+xii%2C+apud+Rocaberti%2C+tom.+xx%2C+p.+388%2C+quoted+in+The+Vatican+Council+and+Its+Definitions%3A+Pastoral+Letter+to+the+Clergy&rft.pages=105&rft.date=1871&rft.au=Henry+Edward+Manning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_MMPAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CathEnc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CathEnc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CathEnc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CathEnc_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassett,_Maurice1908" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hassett, Maurice (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03437a.htm">"Cathedra"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span> – via transcription for New Advent by Tom Crossett.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cathedra&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Co.&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Hassett%2C+Maurice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03437a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/ch_orthodox_docs/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_19880626_finland_en.html">"The Sacrament of Order in the Sacramental Structure of the Church with Particular Reference to the Importance of Succession for the Santification and Unity of the People of God"</a>, <i>Orthodox - Roman Catholic International Dialogue</i>, 1988</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sacrament+of+Order+in+the+Sacramental+Structure+of+the+Church+with+Particular+Reference+to+the+Importance+of+Succession+for+the+Santification+and+Unity+of+the+People+of+God&rft.btitle=Orthodox+-+Roman+Catholic+International+Dialogue&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Froman_curia%2Fpontifical_councils%2Fchrstuni%2Fch_orthodox_docs%2Frc_pc_chrstuni_doc_19880626_finland_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205130835/http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raider4/europe.0602/germany/mainz/roemisches_germanisches_museum/ivories/cathedra_petri_9thc/IMGP0916.JPG">"Cathedra Petri, 9th century. Römisches Germanisches Museum Mainz. Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raider4/europe.0602/germany/mainz/roemisches_germanisches_museum/ivories/cathedra_petri_9thc/IMGP0916.JPG">the original</a> on 2009-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cathedra+Petri%2C+9th+century.+R%C3%B6misches+Germanisches+Museum+Mainz.+Archived+copy.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frubens.anu.edu.au%2Fraider4%2Feurope.0602%2Fgermany%2Fmainz%2Froemisches_germanisches_museum%2Fivories%2Fcathedra_petri_9thc%2FIMGP0916.JPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-vatican-state-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-vatican-state_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516123709/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/monumenti/basilica-di-s-pietro/interno.paginate.2.html">"Interior of the Basilica"</a>. <i>Vatican State</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/monumenti/basilica-di-s-pietro/interno.paginate.2.html">the original</a> on 16 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+State&rft.atitle=Interior+of+the+Basilica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2Fcontent%2Fvaticanstate%2Fen%2Fmonumenti%2Fbasilica-di-s-pietro%2Finterno.paginate.2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.canterbury-cathedral.org/">"Welcome to Canterbury Cathedral"</a>. <i>www.canterbury-cathedral.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canterbury-cathedral.org&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Canterbury+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canterbury-cathedral.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathedra" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span 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title="commons:Category:Cathedra">Cathedra</a></span>. </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03551e.htm">"Cathedra Petri"</a>, <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185713/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/pictures/3chicagpast_5.jpg">Orthodox bishop seated at the High Place</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185650/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/pictures/2jvanaf_5.jpg">Russian bishop seated on kathedra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jerusalemshots.com/Jerusalem_en63-3536.html">Greek Bishop on throne in the kliros</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185507/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/rtpic/akt_88.jpg">Russian Orthodox Patriarch standing at <i>kafedra</i></a> in center of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christ_the_Saviour_Cathedral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ the Saviour Cathedral">Christ the Saviour Cathedral</a>, Moscow</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185521/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/rtpic/akt_95.jpg">Russian Patriarch sitting at <i>kafedra</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185530/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/rtpic/akt_134.jpg">Russian Patriarch sitting at High Place</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCathedra%26oldid%3D1252297683">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&oldid=1252297683</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cathedra&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Monkbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729449541"> <span>Last edited on 20 October 2024, at 18:39</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D9%2582%25D9%2581" title="عرش الأسقف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عرش الأسقف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedra" title="Catedra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Catedra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_(%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0)" title="Кафедра (хрысціянства) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кафедра (хрысціянства)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A0tedra" title="Càtedra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càtedra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra_(biskupsk%25C3%25BD_stolec)" title="Katedra (biskupský stolec) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katedra (biskupský stolec)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathedra" title="Kathedra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kathedra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateeder_(kirik)" title="Kateeder (kirik) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kateeder (kirik)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A1tedra" title="Cátedra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cátedra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedro_(kristanismo)" title="Katedro (kristanismo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katedro (kristanismo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra" title="Katedra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katedra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%25C3%25A8dre" title="Cathèdre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cathèdre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A1tedra" title="Cátedra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cátedra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EA%25B5%2590%25EC%25A2%258C" title="주교좌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주교좌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra" title="Katedra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katedra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattedra_(cristianesimo)" title="Cattedra (cristianesimo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cattedra (cristianesimo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%25AA%25D7%2593%25D7%25A8%25D7%2594_(%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA)" title="קתדרה (נצרות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קתדרה (נצרות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cathedra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra" title="Katedra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katedra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%2582%25D9%2581" title="عرش الاسقف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عرش الاسقف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedra_(zetel)" title="Cathedra (zetel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cathedra (zetel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathedra" title="Kathedra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kathedra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A1tedra" title="Cátedra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cátedra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_(%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE)" title="Кафедра (христианство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кафедра (христианство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra_(biskupsk%25C3%25BD_stolec)" title="Katedra (biskupský stolec) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katedra (biskupský stolec)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra" title="Katedra – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katedra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Катедра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Катедра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piispan_istuin_(liturgia)" title="Piispan istuin (liturgia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Piispan istuin (liturgia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskopsstol" title="Biskopsstol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biskopsstol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="คาทีดรา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาทีดรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_(%25D1%2585%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE)" title="Кафедра (християнство) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кафедра (християнство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%2599%25E5%25BA%25A7%25E4%25BD%258D" title="主教座位 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主教座位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 20 October 2024, at 18:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is 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