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class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Population status and threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_status_and_threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ngara_de_gorja_castanya" title="Tàngara de gorja castanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàngara de gorja castanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanagr_gyddfgoch_y_De" title="Tanagr gyddfgoch y De – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tanagr gyddfgoch y De" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinkehltangare" title="Rubinkehltangare – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rubinkehltangare" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="فرخنده گلوگیلاسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرخنده گلوگیلاسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangara_rougegorge" title="Tangara rougegorge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tangara rougegorge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robijnkeeltangare" title="Robijnkeeltangare – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robijnkeeltangare" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinstrupetanagar" title="Rubinstrupetanagar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rubinstrupetanagar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada" title="Saíra-apunhalada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saíra-apunhalada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вишнёвогорлая немозия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вишнёвогорлая немозия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry-throated_tanager" title="Cherry-throated tanager – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cherry-throated tanager" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naamiokukkatangara" title="Naamiokukkatangara – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Naamiokukkatangara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinstrupig_tangara" title="Rubinstrupig tangara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rubinstrupig tangara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Танагрець рубінововолий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Танагрець рубінововолий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" title="Nemosia rourei – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nemosia rourei" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bird species found in Brazil</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Cherry-throated tanager </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_(52748107479).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a bird sitting on a twig" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_%2852748107479%29.jpg/220px-Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_%2852748107479%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_%2852748107479%29.jpg/330px-Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_%2852748107479%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_%2852748107479%29.jpg/440px-Cherry-throated_Tanager_221008_4_%2852748107479%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Adult in the <a href="/wiki/Caet%C3%A9s_forest" title="Caetés forest">Caetés forest</a>, 2022 </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Status_iucn3.1_CR.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_CR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Status_iucn3.1_CR.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_CR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Status_iucn3.1_CR.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_CR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered species">Critically Endangered</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Nemosia" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanager" title="Tanager">Thraupidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nemosia" title="Nemosia"><i>Nemosia</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>N. rourei</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Nemosia rourei</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cabanis" title="Jean Cabanis">Cabanis</a>, 1870</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_(Cherry-throated_Tanager).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_%28Cherry-throated_Tanager%29.png/250px-IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_%28Cherry-throated_Tanager%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_%28Cherry-throated_Tanager%29.png/330px-IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_%28Cherry-throated_Tanager%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_%28Cherry-throated_Tanager%29.png/440px-IUCN_2024_Sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada_Nemosia_rourei_%28Cherry-throated_Tanager%29.png 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="316" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution within southern Brazil </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>cherry-throated tanager</b> (<i><b>Nemosia rourei</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> native to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic Forest</a> in Brazil. Since its <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">description</a> in 1870, based on a shot <a href="/wiki/Biological_specimen" title="Biological specimen">specimen</a>, there had been no confirmed sightings for more than 100 years, and by the end of the 20th century, it was thought that the <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> was already <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a>. The cherry-throated tanager was rediscovered in 1998 on a private <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Fazenda" title="Fazenda">fazenda</a></i></span> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>, and soon after on two other sites in the same state, though it disappeared from the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">fazenda</i></span> after 2006. By the end of 2023, 20 individuals were known and the total population was estimated to be fewer than 50 birds. The main threat to its survival is the large-scale <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">destruction</a> of the old-growth <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> that it requires, and in 2018 it was estimated that the species was restricted to a total area of just 31 km<sup>2</sup> (12 sq mi). </p><p>The cherry-throated tanager belongs to the tanager family <a href="/wiki/Thraupidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thraupidae">Thraupidae</a>. It is thought to be most closely related to the only other member of its <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hooded_tanager" title="Hooded tanager">hooded tanager</a>, though this has yet to be confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">genetic analysis</a>. It has striking gray, black, and white plumage, with a distinctive red throat patch that tapers towards the breast. The yellow or dark <a href="/wiki/Amber_(color)" title="Amber (color)">amber</a> eyes contrast with a black face mask. Its call is clear and far-carrying. A <a href="/wiki/Sociality" title="Sociality">social</a> species, it lives in flocks that comprise up to eight birds and have large <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home ranges</a>, in one case about 420 hectares (1,000 acres). Its diet consists of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">ants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">caterpillars</a>, preferably picked from the horizontal, <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a>-covered branches of large trees; the birds have also been observed feeding on fruit. The birds breed once a year, building a <a href="/wiki/Cup_nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cup nest">cup nest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Beard_lichen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beard lichen">beard lichen</a> and spider web. Known nests have contained two or three eggs, and other members of the flock may help the breeding pair to feed the chicks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cherry-throated tanager was <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> in 1870 by the German ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cabanis" title="Jean Cabanis">Jean Cabanis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Berlin" title="Natural History Museum, Berlin">Natural History Museum, Berlin</a>, as <i>Nemosia rourei</i>. Cabanis based the description on a single <a href="/wiki/Biological_specimen" title="Biological specimen">specimen</a> sent to him by the Swiss ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Euler" title="Carl Euler">Carl Euler</a>, who lived on a <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Fazenda" title="Fazenda">fazenda</a></i></span> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a>. Euler wrote that he had obtained the specimen from a friend, the ornithologist and veteran bird collector Jean de Roure, and that de Roure received the specimen after it was shot in "Muriahié" (<a href="/wiki/Muria%C3%A9" title="Muriaé">Muriaé</a>), <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>, at the northern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba_do_Sul" title="Paraíba do Sul">Paraíba do Sul</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabanis1870-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sick1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sick1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 574">: 574 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A life illustration of the new species was published two years after the description, in 1872. The specimen, which became the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> of the species, is an adult male and still part of the collection in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bird essentially remained known only from this single specimen for more than 100 years, before the species was rediscovered in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is, however, evidence that two additional specimens existed: In 1926, the ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Emilie_Snethlage" title="Emilie Snethlage">Emilie Snethlage</a>, while reporting on her failed attempts to find an individual of the species in the wild, mentioned a mounted pair in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Brazil" title="National Museum of Brazil">National Museum of Brazil</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>. These specimens are also included in an 1876 collection catalog but are absent from a 1940 inventory, and therefore must have disappeared by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cabanis named the new species <i>Nemosia rourei</i>, with the <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> honouring de Roure, as was requested by Euler.<sup id="cite_ref-sick1993_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sick1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup> The name <i>Nemosia</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="rfd-t" style="background-color: transparent; padding: 0; font-size: xx-small; color: #000000;text-align: left;">‹<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirects_for_discussion/Log/2025_March_13#Template:Transl" title="Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2025 March 13">See RfD</a>›</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">nemos</i></span> meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">glade</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">dell</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Cherry-throated tanager" is the official English <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> designated by the <a href="/wiki/International_Ornithologists%27_Union" title="International Ornithologists' Union">International Ornithologists' Union</a> (IOU).<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> name of the bird is <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">saíra-apunhalada</i></span>, which means <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">stabbed tanager</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and refers to the blood-red throat patch.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nemosia_rourei_332713272_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a bird in side view on a horizontal branch between lichen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nemosia_rourei_332713272_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Nemosia_rourei_332713272_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nemosia_rourei_332713272_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Nemosia_rourei_332713272_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nemosia_rourei_332713272_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Nemosia_rourei_332713272_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Adult in the Caetés forest, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tanager" title="Tanager">tanagers</a> (Thraupidae) are the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of birds, with 384 species as of 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> and are restricted to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-burns2016_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burns2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_Thraupidae_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW_Thraupidae-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1870 description, Cabanis noted that the cherry-throated tanager is not obviously related to any other tanager species, but decided to place it in the genus <i>Nemosia</i>, which contains only one other species, the <a href="/wiki/Hooded_tanager" title="Hooded tanager">hooded tanager</a> (<i>Nemosia pileata</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabanis1870-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This classification still stands; although the cherry-throated tanager was never included in a <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">genetic analysis</a>, a 2016 study considered its placement within <i>Nemosia</i> to be preliminary but reasonable because of similarities in iris color and plumage with the hooded tanager.<sup id="cite_ref-burns2016_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burns2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2024 review, however, cautioned that the nest, behavior, and vocalizations of the two <i>Nemosia</i> species differ considerably from each other.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 analysis found <i>Nemosia</i> to be part of the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Tanager" title="Tanager">Nemosiinae</a>, which consists of only five species – the two <i>Nemosia</i> species, the <a href="/wiki/Blue-backed_tanager" title="Blue-backed tanager">blue-backed tanager</a> (<i>Cyanicterus cyanicterus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/White-capped_tanager" title="White-capped tanager">white-capped tanager</a> (<i>Sericossypha albocristata</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Scarlet-throated_tanager" title="Scarlet-throated tanager">scarlet-throated tanager</a> (<i>Compsothraupis loricata</i>). The relationships of <i>Nemosia</i> with the other genera of the Nemosiinae remain unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-burns2016_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burns2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cherry-throated tanager is a visually distinctive bird with an overall gray, black, and white plumage and a conspicuous bright red patch on the chest and throat.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red patch varies in shape and extent, and a pointed extension typically reaches down to the upper breast.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patch may also contain some white feathers.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red patch contrasts with a broad black face mask that extends from the forehead across the eyes. This mask almost meets at the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#nape" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § nape" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">nape</span></a></dfn> (back of the head), enclosing the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#crown" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § crown" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">crown</span></a></dfn> (top of the head) almost entirely. The crown is gray and separated from the black band by a white line. The undersides are white, contrasting strongly with the red patch.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabanis1870-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cherry-throated tanager photographed from a bottom-front angle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg/238px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg/357px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg/476px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="608" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cherry-throated tanager photographed from a bottom-front angle showing the top of its head" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg/238px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg/357px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg/476px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Adult in the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserva Kaetés">Reserva Kaetés</a></i></span>, 2024</div></div></div></div> <p>The upper sides are gray, and the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#rump" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § rump" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">rump</span></a></dfn> and the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#uppertail_coverts" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § uppertail coverts" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">uppertail coverts</span></a></dfn> (feathers at the base of the tail) are a lighter gray.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uppertail coverts have white spots at their ends, which may serve a signaling function as the birds sometimes prominently display them.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Flight_feather#Rectrices" title="Flight feather">rectrices</a> (primary feathers of the tail) are black with a square-shaped end. The <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#undertail_coverts" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § undertail coverts" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">undertail coverts</span></a></dfn> are white and reach down a bit more than half the length of the tail.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wings are mostly black, but the <a href="/wiki/Flight_feather#Tertials" title="Flight feather">tertials</a> (inner flight feathers) have a gray-white area that is broadest towards their tips, creating a striped wing patch.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabanis1870-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner edge of the outer flight feathers (<a href="/wiki/Flight_feather#Primaries" title="Flight feather">primaries</a>) is partly white, but this can only be observed when the wing is extended.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#upperwing_coverts" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § upperwing coverts" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">upperwing coverts</span></a></dfn> are black with a blueish shine, and the gray <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#scapulars" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § scapulars" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">scapulars</span></a></dfn> (shoulder feathers) sometimes overlap the wing to form a gray shoulder patch. The legs and feet are pink; the claws are marginally darker. The <a href="/wiki/Iris_(eye)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris (eye)">iris</a> is yellow to dark <a href="/wiki/Amber_(color)" title="Amber (color)">amber</a>, and the beak is black.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Males and females are similar in appearance. Juveniles resemble adults but have the throat patch dull brown rather than red, and a darker iris.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chicks and <a href="/wiki/Fledge" title="Fledge">fledgings</a>, the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#gape_flange" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § gape flange" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">gape flange</span></a></dfn> (base of the beak) is pale whitish or yellowish.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measurements have been obtained from only two individuals, the holotype specimen and a live bird that was <a href="/wiki/Bird_banding" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird banding">banded</a> in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The holotype specimen is 14 cm (5.5 in) in length, with a wing length of 83 cm (33 in), a tail length of 6 cm (2.4 in), a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_bird_terms#tarsus" title="Glossary of bird terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of bird terms § tarsus" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">tarsus</span></a></dfn> (the lowest, featherless part of the leg) length of 20.3 mm (0.80 in), and a bill length of 1.7 cm (0.67 in). The live bird was 12.5 cm (4.9 in) in length, and its bill was 0.9 cm (0.35 in) in length. Its body weight was 22 g (0.78 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cherry-throated tanager is unlikely to be confused with any other species when observation conditions are good. The <a href="/wiki/Red-cowled_cardinal" title="Red-cowled cardinal">red-cowled cardinal</a> has a superficially similar color pattern when seen from a distance but differs in habitat and does not co-occur with the cherry-throated tanager. The only other <i>Nemosia</i> species, the <a href="/wiki/Hooded_tanager" title="Hooded tanager">hooded tanager</a>, has no red and also has never been confirmed to co-occur with the cherry-throated. The <a href="/wiki/Rufous-headed_tanager" title="Rufous-headed tanager">rufous-headed tanager</a> shares the same habitat but lacks the black head band and has a <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_(color)" title="Chestnut (color)">chestnut</a> rather than bright red throat.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocalizations">Vocalizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vocalizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint wikilien_alternatif" style="clear:right; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:175px; border:solid #c0c0c0 1px; padding:0px; font-size:90%; text-align:left;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #202122);"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"> <td style="line-height:50px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds"><img alt="Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spiza_americana_male_94_231051626_13e01e8125_o_cropped_flipped.png/50px-Spiza_americana_male_94_231051626_13e01e8125_o_cropped_flipped.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spiza_americana_male_94_231051626_13e01e8125_o_cropped_flipped.png/75px-Spiza_americana_male_94_231051626_13e01e8125_o_cropped_flipped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spiza_americana_male_94_231051626_13e01e8125_o_cropped_flipped.png/100px-Spiza_americana_male_94_231051626_13e01e8125_o_cropped_flipped.png 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="679" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;line-height:2;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Songs and calls</b></div><hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Nemosia-rourei">Listen to the cherry-throated tanager on xeno-canto</a> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The cherry-throated tanager has a clear, far-carrying <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization#Definition" title="Bird vocalization">call</a> that has been described as "péuuu" or "peéyr". This note is given singly during foraging, or in a row of two or three in rapid succession. In the latter case, it is typically followed by two shorter and high-pitched notes that have been described as "see'ee" or "pit-pit", and additional "péuuu" calls may be added to the middle or end of the sequence. A call sequence lasts between 0.3 and 1 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ridgely2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ridgely2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another vocalization consists of the same notes but is less regular and interspersed with rapid chittering; it is given especially when the birds reply to tape recordings and therefore might represent the <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization#Definition" title="Bird vocalization">song</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another call is a high but weaker "ti".<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_and_distribution">Habitat and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Habitat and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Horizontal branch in the canopy with one sitting bird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg/220px-Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg/330px-Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg/440px-Nemosia_rourei_333859818.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>Adult in its habitat, the Caetés forest</figcaption></figure> <p>The cherry-throated tanager is a local <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic Forest</a>, the second largest <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> of the Americas, and one of the most <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiverse</a> regions in the world. Originally, this forest covered 1.6 million hectares (4 million acres), mostly in Brazil but extending south into parts of Paraguay and Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cherry-throated tanager has been recorded from mountainous regions at elevations between 850 and 1250 m, where it prefers tall trees with abundant <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species requires structured, <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth forest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7">: 7 </span></sup> Given the paucity of historical records, it was probably a rare species even before the onset of widespread habitat destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home ranges</a> are probably large and, in the <a href="/wiki/Caet%C3%A9s_forest" title="Caetés forest">Caetés forest</a>, have been estimated at 420 ha (1,000 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7">: 7 </span></sup> The birds have sometimes been observed in <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinus">Pinus</a></i>, which the birds probably only use as corridors to move between patches of prime habitat. There is no indication of <a href="/wiki/Altitudinal_migration" title="Altitudinal migration">altitudinal</a> or other migrations.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cherry-throated tanager currently occurs at only two localities – the <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Ruschi_Biological_Reserve" title="Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve">Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve</a> and the Caetés forest – and had been recorded from at least two others (<a href="/wiki/Itarana" title="Itarana">Itarana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Castelo" title="Conceição do Castelo">Conceição do Castelo</a>) from which it has disappeared. All these localities are in the Brazilian state of <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>. There has been some debate about the <a href="/wiki/Type_locality_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type locality (biology)">provenance of the holotype specimen</a>, which Euler claimed was from Muriaé in Minas Gerais. In 1999, the Brazilian ornithologist José Fernando Pacheco argued that the holotype might instead be from <a href="/wiki/Maca%C3%A9_de_Cima_Environmental_Protection_Area" title="Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area">Macaé de Cima</a> ("Macahé" in the late 19th century) near <a href="/wiki/Nova_Friburgo" title="Nova Friburgo">Nova Friburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio de Janeiro state">Rio de Janeiro state</a>, where de Roure collected many of his other bird specimens. According to this hypothesis, "Muriahié" might have been a transcription error introduced when the locality information was passed on in hand-written letters. Pacheco further argued that neither altitude nor habitat at Muriaé seem to agree with what is now known about the ecology of the species.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pacheco1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pacheco1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a 2024 review considers it likely that the specimen is from the montane area north of Muriaé; this area is part of the same mountain complex as the other known localities, whereas Nova Friburgo is of a different mountain range.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior_and_ecology">Behavior and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Behavior and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg/220px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg/330px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg/440px-Sa%C3%AEra_apunhalada_13-11-2024_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Adult in the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Reserva Kaetés</i></span>, 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>As a social species, the cherry-throated tanager is often seen in flocks of two to eight individuals, although single birds are sometimes seen. It has often been observed that one of the flock members sat higher and was noisier than the others, for unclear reasons. The flock members have also been observed feeding each other, but these might have been adults feeding grown juveniles. If undisturbed, the birds may use regular "tracks" to visit feeding sites over the course of the day; these tracks vary according to season.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home range</a> of the flock in the Caetés forest has been estimated at 420 ha (1,000 acres); this flock travelled approximately 2.2 km (1.4 mi) per day, including flights of up to 50 m (160 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7, 58">: 7, 58 </span></sup> The species, like many tanagers, joins <a href="/wiki/Mixed-species_feeding_flock" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-species feeding flock">mixed-species feeding flocks</a>. Those in which <i>N. rourei</i> was observed to participate were usually led by <a href="/wiki/Sibilant_sirystes" title="Sibilant sirystes">sibilant sirystes</a> and contained <a href="/wiki/Chestnut-crowned_becard" title="Chestnut-crowned becard">chestnut-crowned becards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rufous-headed_tanager" title="Rufous-headed tanager">rufous-headed tanagers</a> as "core" species. One study reported that cherry-throated tanagers have been part of a mixed-species flock in 35% of all sightings. Other observations of interactions with other bird species include an individual that had caught a large <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">butterfly</a> and was chased by a <a href="/wiki/Golden-chevroned_tanager" title="Golden-chevroned tanager">golden-chevroned tanager</a>, and another individual that was apparently being attacked by a <a href="/wiki/Black-necked_aracari" title="Black-necked aracari">black-necked aracari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> In 2023, black-necked aracaris <a href="/wiki/Egg_predation" title="Egg predation">preyed upon a nest</a> at the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-sairanews23_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sairanews23-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The species primarily feeds on <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a> including <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">caterpillars</a>, butterflies, and <a href="/wiki/Ant" title="Ant">ants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feeding takes place in the forest canopy on tall trees, preferably on large and horizontal branches with abundant lichen. Here, the birds search for prey with quick hops, extending their necks to pick up food items from the side and undersides of branches, from leaves, and beneath lichen.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At times, the species makes short flights to capture insects such as termites from the air.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> The birds do not hang down from branches.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Eucalyptus</i> flowers are visited, though it is not clear whether to feed on <a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">nectar</a> or on insects.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bauer and colleagues, in 2000, observed that fruits are not consumed even when available in various sizes, but in 2021, a flock was observed feeding on fruit, which the birds also passed on to their chicks.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46">: 46 </span></sup> The parasites of the species are unknown, except for a female <a href="/wiki/Ixodidae" title="Ixodidae">ixodid</a> tick that one bird was observed to remove from its throat. Longevity data is only available for the single banded bird, which lived for at least 6 years.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg/220px-Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg/330px-Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg/440px-Atlantic_Forest_at_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Habitat at a former nesting site in the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Reserva Kaetés</i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>A possible <a href="/wiki/Courtship_display" title="Courtship display">courtship behavior</a> was observed in October, where the presumed male, being watched by the presumed female, was sitting high, tentatively flapping its half-open wings and calling faintly.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 25, 1998, the first nest was observed, being located in a shallow depression at the base of a horizontal branch, at mid-height of the tree. A group of three birds were found around the nest and called frequently, with one of the birds responding unusually aggressively to playback of recorded calls, immediately flying down towards the sound device. Two of the birds were constructing the nest, repeatedly bringing nest material, mostly lichen, and incorporating it into the nest by sitting on it and shaping it with movements of their bodies and their bills. The third bird observed was nearby but less active and did not participate in nest building.<sup id="cite_ref-Venturini2002_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venturini2002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three additional nests have been found by 2020, with nesting taking place from October to December. The nests were mostly composed of <a href="/wiki/Usnea" title="Usnea">beard lichen</a> (<i>Usnea</i>) and refined with <a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">spider webs</a>. In one case, three birds of the flock assisted in feeding the chicks, and in another, five birds assisted. In yet another case, however, only two birds (probably the breeding pair) cared for the chicks. One nest contained three eggs, of which two hatched. Two more nests were found in 2021, one of which produced three chicks. It is likely that the species nests only once a year and chooses a different nesting site each year. Only one breeding pair per flock has been observed, although it cannot be excluded that the flocks have multiple pairs. It is likely that only one individual <a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation" title="Egg incubation">incubates</a> the eggs, as it has never been observed that one bird relieved the other, although it is unknown whether it is the male or the female that incubates.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8–9, 46">: 8–9, 46 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_sightings">Historical sightings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical sightings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1941, the German-Brazilian ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Sick" title="Helmut Sick">Helmut Sick</a> observed a group of eight tanagers at Jatibocas in <a href="/wiki/Itarana" title="Itarana">Itarana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>. He was not able to identify the species, but recorded the appearance of the birds in his field book. It was not until he examined the holotype specimen in Berlin in 1976 that he realized he had seen a flock of cherry-throated tanagers.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sick1979_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sick1979-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 119">: 119 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the bird artist Eduardo P. Brettas observed a bird with a red throat patch at a <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">fazenda</i></span> near <a href="/wiki/Pirapetinga" title="Pirapetinga">Pirapetinga</a>, Minas Gerais. The bird was part of a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_species_feeding_flock" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed species feeding flock">mixed species feeding flock</a> that also included the hooded tanager. Brettas declared that he first thought that he saw a cardinal-tanager (<i><a href="/wiki/Paroaria" title="Paroaria">Paroaria</a></i>), but identified the bird as a cherry-throated tanager after comparing his field sketch with an illustration published in Sick's 1993 book <i>Birds in Brazil: a natural history</i> during a library visit. In the following two years, three groups of ornithologists visited the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">fazenda</i></span> for multiple days in an attempt to confirm Brettas's observation, but did not encounter the species. In 2000, Claudia Bauer and colleagues pointed out that the extent of the black face mask as seen in the 1993 book illustration is incorrect, and that Brettas's sketch showed the same mistake, adding to the doubts about the observation's validity.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nemosia_rourei_1872,_colour_balanced.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored drawing of the cherry-throated tanager sitting on a twig with some vegetation in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nemosia_rourei_1872%2C_colour_balanced.jpg/220px-Nemosia_rourei_1872%2C_colour_balanced.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nemosia_rourei_1872%2C_colour_balanced.jpg/330px-Nemosia_rourei_1872%2C_colour_balanced.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Nemosia_rourei_1872%2C_colour_balanced.jpg/440px-Nemosia_rourei_1872%2C_colour_balanced.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="2042" /></a><figcaption>1872 illustration based on the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype specimen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Another possible sighting was made in October 1995 in the <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Ruschi_Biological_Reserve" title="Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve">Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve</a> in Espírito Santo. The British ornithologist Derek A. Scott, while leading a group of <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birdwatchers</a>, briefly saw a bird with a striking red throat patch in the canopy overhead while observing a mixed-species feeding flock; the bird immediately took off and flew about 50 m (160 ft) to perch on a tree at the roadside, and then flew out of sight shortly after. No other members of the birding group except for the tour director saw the bird, and an observation with the telescope was not possible. In a 1997 publication discussing his observation, Scott noted that the bird he saw clearly matched the cherry-throated tanager, but that the red throat patch was not pointed and extending over the breast as in the holotype specimen, but square-shaped. This mismatch could be explained by variation between individuals, or – if the bird had been a female – by possible <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">differences between the sexes</a>. As an alternative hypothesis, Scott suggested that the bird could have been a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrid</a> between the hooded tanager and the <a href="/wiki/Rufous-headed_tanager" title="Rufous-headed tanager">rufous-headed tanager</a>, in which case the holotype specimen could also represent a hybrid rather than a distinct species. According to Scott, this hypothesis may explain how a highly distinctive bird could exist in a nature reserve that is relatively well known and has been frequented by birdwatchers since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-scott1997_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott1997-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea that the holotype specimen might be a hybrid had already been mentioned by the American ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sibley" title="Charles Sibley">Charles Sibley</a> in 1996, although without further elaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the final two decades of the 20th century, several authors feared that the species could already be extinct or close to extinction, given the lack of confirmed observations and the extensive <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> in south-eastern Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Scott and Brooke remarked in 1985 that "there seems little hope that this distinctive, presumably forest, species could still be extant".<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some ornithologists even thought that the holotype specimen was an artifact composed of skins of other species.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rediscovery">Rediscovery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rediscovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species was rediscovered by a group of six ornithologists on February 22, 1998, in a forest fragment that is part of the Fazenda Pindobas IV, in <a href="/wiki/Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Castelo" title="Conceição do Castelo">Conceição do Castelo</a>. The group was undertaking the last of seven visits to different forest fragments in southern Espírito Santo, a poorly known part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic Forest</a>, to better understand the distribution of resident bird species. The first bird was spotted by the <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's student</a> Claudia Bauer, who immediately identified it as a cherry-throated tanager. The group then observed at least two more individuals, all part of the same mixed-species foraging flock, for about 20 minutes. Two days later, the researchers returned to the site to document their observation; they encountered the same flock, this time containing four cherry-throated tanagers and 18 other bird species. The tanagers were observed for approximately 1.5 hours and attracted with tape recordings of their calls to get better views of their plumage; photographs were also taken.<sup id="cite_ref-bauer2000_4-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer2000-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bauer1998_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bauer1998-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg/220px-Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg/330px-Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg/440px-Canopy_view_Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Canopy view in the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Reserva_Kaet%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserva Kaetés">Reserva Kaetés</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <p>The rediscovery of the species prompted a number of surveys in search for additional populations, and the newly gained knowledge about the bird's distinctive calls facilitated observations. In 2002, the British ornithologist Guy M. Kirwan heard the calls in the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, where Scott had made his possible observation in 1995. The birds were part of a very large mixed-species flock of possibly more than 100 birds, and Kirwan was unable to see one of the cherry-throated tanagers. Early in the next year, Kirwan again heard the calls and spotted one or two individuals. In 2003, the presence of the species was also confirmed in the Caetés forest in <a href="/wiki/Vargem_Alta,_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo">Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo</a> by a birdwatching party. The Brazilian ornithologist Pedro Rogerio de Paz, who led the group, heard calls of several birds which he then attracted by playing recorded calls. A total of eight individuals showed up, the largest group of cherry-throated tanagers observed since 1941, when Sick also observed a group of eight. The species was repeatedly observed at Caetés in the following months. All confirmed sightings of the cherry-throated tanager have been in the state of Espírito Santo, and the species was not found in suitable habitat outside this state despite several searches.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modeling of the potential distribution of the species suggested that <a href="/wiki/Capara%C3%B3_National_Park" title="Caparaó National Park">Caparaó National Park</a> might be suitable for the species, but 2021 surveys in the area failed to detect it.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p><p>As of 2024,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the cherry-throated tanager is thought to survive at only two localities – the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve and the Caetés forest – and has probably disappeared from at least two areas where it was previously recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around Itarana, where Sick observed a flock in 1941, there were three possible sightings in the late 1990s, but the area has since been mostly deforested and no further observations have been made.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Fazenda Pindobas IV in Conceição do Castelo, where Bauer rediscovered the species in 1998, the birds were regularly observed in subsequent years in two connected forest fragments. In 2000, forest was cleared on a property bordering these forests to make room for <a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Brazil" title="Coffee production in Brazil">coffee plantations</a>. In 2002, a company explored another property bordering one of the forest fragments for marble and granite using explosives; the detonations led to a decrease in activity of the cherry-throated tanagers and of other bird species. The explorations were halted by the authorities. The tanagers temporarily disappeared from one of the two forest fragments after more than 90 vehicles participating in the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Enduro da Polenta</i></span>, a local <a href="/wiki/Off-road_racing" title="Off-road racing">off-road race</a>, crossed the forest patch illegally and without the approval of the landowners. Such races are popular in Espírito Santo and have affected nature reserves elsewhere in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2006, no further sightings of the cherry-throated tanager were reported from the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">fazenda</i></span>, despite targeted surveys.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_status_and_threats">Population status and threats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Population status and threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Column diagram showing the minimum number of individuals reported for different years" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg/220px-Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg/330px-Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg/440px-Cherry-throated-tanager-counts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Published counts of known individuals per year</figcaption></figure> <p>The cherry-throated tanager has been classified as <a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically Endangered">Critically Endangered</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) since 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also listed as Critically Endangered in the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Red_List" title="Regional Red List">Regional Red Lists</a> of Brazil, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais,<sup id="cite_ref-icmbio2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icmbio2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the population is thought to be in decline.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> In 2000, the IUCN estimated the total population at 50 to 249 individuals, though a 2005 study deemed this relatively optimistic estimate to be premature. The known population in 2005 consisted of 14 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Chico_Mendes_Institute_for_Biodiversity_Conservation" title="Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation">Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation</a> (ICMBio) estimated the total population at no more than 20 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-icmbio2018_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icmbio2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the IUCN gave an estimate of 30 to 200 individuals, while the ICMBio stated that the total population does not exceed 50 adult birds.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icmbio2018_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icmbio2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of known individuals increased from 10 in 2020 to 20 by the end of 2023, probably thanks to increased conservation efforts at Caetés forest. In 2023, the Caetés forest probably had 15 individuals, while the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve had five individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2024 review concludes that the total population is probably much smaller than 50 birds as little suitable habitat remains, although it is possible that the relatively large Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve houses yet undetected birds.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area occupied by the species has been estimated at just 31 km<sup>2</sup> (12 sq mi) by the IUCN in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the two known localities are separated by approximately 84 km (52 mi) of mostly deforested landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p><p>The major threat to its survival is forest degradation, fragmentation, and deforestation. Remaining forest fragments are often insufficiently protected and become the target of <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_investing" title="Real estate investing">real estate speculation</a>, are cleared to gain space for crops such as coffee and <i>Eucalyptus</i>, and are affected by the construction of new infrastructure and urbanization. Forests become degraded by cutting trees for timber, often at small scales but also at larger scales, for example to produce <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a>. The extraction of <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">heart of palm</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Euterpe_edulis" title="Euterpe edulis">Euterpe edulis</a></i>) leads to additional forest degradation. The cherry-throated tanager is particularly susceptible to forest fragmentation and degradation as it requires old-growth forests and avoids areas close to forest edges. The very small population size makes the species highly susceptible to unforeseen events such as natural disasters or variations in natural processes such as <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predation</a>, and may potentially lead to <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">inbreeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21–23">: 21–23 </span></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Landscape in southwestern Espírito Santo showing a hilly area covered by coffee and eucalyptus plantations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg/238px-Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg/357px-Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg/476px-Coffee_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3145" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:154px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Edge between pasture and rainforest. The pasture is heavily eroded, with the ground level much lower than the ground that is still covered by the forest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg/238px-Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg/357px-Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg/476px-Soil_erosion_near_Mata_de_Caet%C3%A9s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4113" data-file-height="2677" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Habitat destruction is the main threat for the species. Top: Plantations of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> (front) and <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> (back) have replaced much rainforest. Bottom: <a href="/wiki/Soil_erosion" title="Soil erosion">Soil erosion</a> after <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> at the Caetés forest.</div></div></div></div> <p>Additional threats include the mining of granite, marble, and limestone that produces dust and leads to heavy traffic and <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a> due to frequent <a href="/wiki/Drilling_and_blasting" title="Drilling and blasting">blasting</a>. The excessive use of <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a> in the region is a potential threat as it may reduce prey abundance. <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a> is feared to become a concern once the species becomes more widely known. Tourism targeting the species can be problematic if sound recordings are used excessively to attract the birds. The <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change" title="Effects of climate change">effects of climate change</a> on the region remain poorly understood but will probably include higher temperatures, less rain, and more frequent storms.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21–23">: 21–23 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another risk is the lack of support for conservation actions and negative attitudes towards the remaining forests in the local populace. A 2020 survey conducted in the Caetés forest area showed that most locals did not know about the species, with some believing that the species was introduced to the area to enforce conservation of forests.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11, 22">: 11, 22 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cherry-throated tanager occurs in the Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve, a <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Brazil" title="Protected areas of Brazil">protected area</a> of 35.6 km<sup>2</sup> (13.7 sq mi), as well as in the Caetés forest, a forested area of over 30 km<sup>2</sup> (12 sq mi) that, when the species was discovered there in 2003, was unprotected and split in several properties.<sup id="cite_ref-venturini2005_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> SAVE Brasil pushed for a large public <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a> in the Caetés forest. The state government approved the project in 2015 but later abandoned it due to local opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zayed_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zayed-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of a public reserve, a smaller <a href="/wiki/Private_natural_heritage_reserve_(Brazil)" title="Private natural heritage reserve (Brazil)">private nature reserve</a>, the Águia Branca Private Reserve, was established in 2017 to protect 16.88 km<sup>2</sup> (6.52 sq mi) of the Caetés forest, including parts of the area in which the tanagers occur.<sup id="cite_ref-briefy_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefy-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the Marcos Daniel Institute, supported by several nonprofits, acquired another 6.67 km<sup>2</sup> (2.58 sq mi) to create a second private reserve, the Reserva Kaetés.<sup id="cite_ref-sairanews24_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sairanews24-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire Caetés forest was included in the Pedra Azul–Forno Grande <a href="/wiki/Ecological_corridor_(Brazil)" title="Ecological corridor (Brazil)">ecological corridor</a>, a priority area for <a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">conservation</a> recognized by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2020, the Cherry-throated Tanager Conservation Program of the Marcos Daniel Institute has implemented various conservation measures such as monitoring, research, and public engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the team erected an observation platform about 30 m (98 ft) away from a nest in the Caetés forest and used a drone to monitor eggs and chicks. To increase breeding success, potential predators such as <a href="/wiki/Black_capuchin" title="Black capuchin">black capuchins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel-billed_toucan" title="Channel-billed toucan">channel-billed toucans</a> were chased away, and supplemental feeding of <a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">mealworms</a> has been tried.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9–10">: 9–10 </span></sup> Several other nests have been successfully protected since, and the team published an <a href="/wiki/Action_plan" title="Action plan">action plan</a> for the conservation of the species in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-BOW_5-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are proposals to develop <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> around the tanager, which could potentially benefit local communities.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> It furthermore serves as a <a href="/wiki/Flagship_species" title="Flagship species">flagship species</a> to educate and involve local communities, contributing to the protection of the remaining forests.<sup id="cite_ref-action_plan_13-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zayed_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zayed-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-silva_2023_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silva_2023-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such public engagement may directly benefit lesser-known Atlantic Forest endemics; for example, farmers have discovered additional localities of the critically endangered catfish <i><a href="/wiki/Trichogenes_claviger" title="Trichogenes claviger">Trichogenes claviger</a></i> after learning about this species during campaigns focused on the cherry-throated tanager.<sup id="cite_ref-silva_2023_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silva_2023-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2018" class="citation journal cs1">BirdLife International (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22722293/130617765">"<i>Nemosia rourei</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2018</b>: e.T22722293A130617765. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22722293A130617765.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22722293A130617765.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Nemosia+rourei&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=e.T22722293A130617765&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22722293A130617765.en&rft.au=BirdLife+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F22722293%2F130617765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cabanis1870-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cabanis1870_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCabanis1870" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cabanis" title="Jean Cabanis">Cabanis, Jean</a> (1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33049366#page/479/mode/1up">"Ueber eine neue brasilische Nemosie oder Wald-Tangare, <i>Nemosia Rourei</i> nov. spec"</a> [About a new Brazilian Nemosia or Forest Tanager, <i>Nemosia Rourei</i> nov. spec.]. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Ornithology" title="Journal of Ornithology">Journal für Ornithologie</a></i> (in German). <b>18</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">459–</span>460. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1870JOrni..18..459.">1870JOrni..18..459.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02259505">10.1007/BF02259505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Ornithologie&rft.atitle=Ueber+eine+neue+brasilische+Nemosie+oder+Wald-Tangare%2C+Nemosia+Rourei+nov.+spec.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E459-%3C%2Fspan%3E460&rft.date=1870&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02259505&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1870JOrni..18..459.&rft.aulast=Cabanis&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F33049366%23page%2F479%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sick1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sick1993_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sick1993_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSick1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Sick" title="Helmut Sick">Sick, Helmut</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birdsinbrazil00unse/page/574"><i>Birds in Brazil: a natural history</i></a>. 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Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-55322-7_1">10.1007/978-3-030-55322-7_1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-55322-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-55322-7"><bdi>978-3-030-55322-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Atlantic+Forest%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Megadiverse+Forest+of+South+America&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+Forest%3A+History%2C+Biodiversity%2C+Threats+and+Opportunities+of+the+Mega-diverse+Forest&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-55322-7_1&rft.isbn=978-3-030-55322-7&rft.aulast=Marques&rft.aufirst=Marcia+C.+M.&rft.au=Trindade%2C+Weverton&rft.au=Bohn%2C+Amabily&rft.au=Grelle%2C+Carlos+E.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-55322-7_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-venturini2005-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-venturini2005_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVenturinide_PazKirwan2005" class="citation journal cs1">Venturini, Ana Cristina; de Paz, Pedro Rogerio; Kirwan, Guy M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/articles/24/Venturini.pdf">"A new locality and records of Cherry-throated Tanager <i>Nemosia rourei</i> in Espírito Santo, south-east Brazil, with fresh natural history data for the species"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cotinga</i>. <b>24</b>: <span class="nowrap">60–</span>70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cotinga&rft.atitle=A+new+locality+and+records+of+Cherry-throated+Tanager+Nemosia+rourei+in+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo%2C+south-east+Brazil%2C+with+fresh+natural+history+data+for+the+species&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Venturini&rft.aufirst=Ana+Cristina&rft.au=de+Paz%2C+Pedro+Rogerio&rft.au=Kirwan%2C+Guy+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neotropicalbirdclub.org%2Farticles%2F24%2FVenturini.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-action_plan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-action_plan_13-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSantosBarbosaCaetanoCordero-Schmidt2021" class="citation book cs1">Santos, Marcelo Renan de Deus; Barbosa, Antonio Eduardo Araujo; Caetano, Valdivia Rocha Ferreira; Cordero-Schmidt, Eugenia; Fernandes, Katlin Camila; Magnago, Gustavo; Phalan, Benjamin Timothy; Rocha, Fabiana Lopes; Somenzari, Marina; Alves, Maria Alice; Amaral, Fabio; Bichinski, Tony; Bosso, Paloma; Chaves, Flávia; Cometti, Sayonara; Develey, Pedro; Hennessey, Bennett; Bruslund, Simon; Hoffmann, Diego; Jones, Carl; Lobato, Aline; Massaioli, Marcos; Mathias, Leonardo Brioschi; Nunes, Savana de Freitas; Owen, Andrew; Passamani, Jacques; Reillo, Paul; Reisfeld, Alice; Ribon, Rômulo; Rosa, Gustavo; Sampaio, Claudia; Silveira, Luis Fábio; Son, Luiz; Whitney, Bret; Phalan, Benjamin T. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpsg.org/sites/cbsg.org/files/documents/Report%20_Cherry-throated%20ENG_01-04-22.pdf"><i>Workshop for the Preparation of the Action Plan and Integrated Management Strategies for the Conservation of the Cherry Throated Tanager (</i>Nemosia rourei<i>): Final report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vitória, ES: Instituto Marcos Daniel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-65-89669-07-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-65-89669-07-4"><bdi>978-65-89669-07-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Workshop+for+the+Preparation+of+the+Action+Plan+and+Integrated+Management+Strategies+for+the+Conservation+of+the+Cherry+Throated+Tanager+%28Nemosia+rourei%29%3A+Final+report&rft.place=Vit%C3%B3ria%2C+ES&rft.pub=Instituto+Marcos+Daniel&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-65-89669-07-4&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=Marcelo+Renan+de+Deus&rft.au=Barbosa%2C+Antonio+Eduardo+Araujo&rft.au=Caetano%2C+Valdivia+Rocha+Ferreira&rft.au=Cordero-Schmidt%2C+Eugenia&rft.au=Fernandes%2C+Katlin+Camila&rft.au=Magnago%2C+Gustavo&rft.au=Phalan%2C+Benjamin+Timothy&rft.au=Rocha%2C+Fabiana+Lopes&rft.au=Somenzari%2C+Marina&rft.au=Alves%2C+Maria+Alice&rft.au=Amaral%2C+Fabio&rft.au=Bichinski%2C+Tony&rft.au=Bosso%2C+Paloma&rft.au=Chaves%2C+Fl%C3%A1via&rft.au=Cometti%2C+Sayonara&rft.au=Develey%2C+Pedro&rft.au=Hennessey%2C+Bennett&rft.au=Bruslund%2C+Simon&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+Diego&rft.au=Jones%2C+Carl&rft.au=Lobato%2C+Aline&rft.au=Massaioli%2C+Marcos&rft.au=Mathias%2C+Leonardo+Brioschi&rft.au=Nunes%2C+Savana+de+Freitas&rft.au=Owen%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Passamani%2C+Jacques&rft.au=Reillo%2C+Paul&rft.au=Reisfeld%2C+Alice&rft.au=Ribon%2C+R%C3%B4mulo&rft.au=Rosa%2C+Gustavo&rft.au=Sampaio%2C+Claudia&rft.au=Silveira%2C+Luis+F%C3%A1bio&rft.au=Son%2C+Luiz&rft.au=Whitney%2C+Bret&rft.au=Phalan%2C+Benjamin+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpsg.org%2Fsites%2Fcbsg.org%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FReport%2520_Cherry-throated%2520ENG_01-04-22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pacheco1999-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pacheco1999_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPacheco1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pacheco, José Fernando (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia801506.us.archive.org/26/items/E_de_Minas_o_exemplar_unico_e_original_de_Nemosia_rourei/Ao89NemosiaMuriae.pdf">"É de Minas Gerais o exemplar único e original de <i>Nemosia rourei</i>?"</a> [Is the unique and original specimen of <i>Nemosia rourei</i> from Minas Gerais?] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Atualidades Ornitológicas</i> (in Portuguese). <b>89</b> (7).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atualidades+Ornitol%C3%B3gicas&rft.atitle=%C3%89+de+Minas+Gerais+o+exemplar+%C3%BAnico+e+original+de+Nemosia+rourei%3F&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Pacheco&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia801506.us.archive.org%2F26%2Fitems%2FE_de_Minas_o_exemplar_unico_e_original_de_Nemosia_rourei%2FAo89NemosiaMuriae.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sairanews23-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sairanews23_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInstituto_Marcos_Daniel2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Instituto Marcos Daniel (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imd.org.br/en/_files/ugd/14f64f_e203d5546de44602b642001fbde8d006.pdf">"Prêmio biguá 2023!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Saíra News</i> (in Portuguese). <b>002</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sa%C3%ADra+News&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%AAmio+bigu%C3%A1+2023%21&rft.volume=002&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Instituto+Marcos+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imd.org.br%2Fen%2F_files%2Fugd%2F14f64f_e203d5546de44602b642001fbde8d006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Venturini2002-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Venturini2002_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVenturinide_PazKirwan2002" class="citation journal cs1">Venturini, Ana Cristina; de Paz, Pedro Rogerio; Kirwan, Guy M. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Cotinga-17-2002-43-45.pdf">"First breeding data for Cherry-throated Tanager <i>Nemosia rourei</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cotinga</i>. <b>17</b>: <span class="nowrap">42–</span>45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cotinga&rft.atitle=First+breeding+data+for+Cherry-throated+Tanager+Nemosia+rourei&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Venturini&rft.aufirst=Ana+Cristina&rft.au=de+Paz%2C+Pedro+Rogerio&rft.au=Kirwan%2C+Guy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neotropicalbirdclub.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2FCotinga-17-2002-43-45.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sick1979-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sick1979_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSick1979" class="citation journal cs1">Sick, Helmut (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126876#page/343/mode/1up">"Notes on some Brazilian birds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_British_Ornithologists%27_Club" title="Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club">Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club</a></i>. <b>99</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">115–</span>120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+British+Ornithologists%27+Club&rft.atitle=Notes+on+some+Brazilian+birds&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Sick&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F126876%23page%2F343%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scott1997-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scott1997_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1997" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Derek A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Cotinga-07-1997-61-63.pdf">"A possible re-sighting of the Cherry-throated Tanager <i>Nemosia rourei</i> in Espírito Santo, Brazil"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cotinga</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">61–</span>63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cotinga&rft.atitle=A+possible+re-sighting+of+the+Cherry-throated+Tanager+Nemosia+rourei+in+Esp%C3%ADrito+Santo%2C+Brazil&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Derek+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neotropicalbirdclub.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2FCotinga-07-1997-61-63.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bauer1998-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bauer1998_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBauerPachecoVenturinide_Paz1998" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bauer, Claudia; Pacheco, José Fernando; Venturini, Ana Cristina; de Paz, Pedro Rogerio; Rehen, Mariana Pacheco; do Carmo, Luciano Petronetto (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210031657/http://www.ao.com.br/ao82_6.htm">"O primeiro registro documentado do séc. XX da saíra-apunhalada, <i>Nemosia rourei</i> Cabanis, 1870, uma espécie enigmática do sudeste do Brasil"</a> [The first documented record from the 20th century of the cherry-throated tanager, <i>Nemosia rourei</i> Cabanis, 1870, an enigmatic species from southeastern Brazil]. <i>Atualidades Ornitológicas</i> (in Portuguese). <b>82</b> (6). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ao.com.br/ao82_6.htm">the original</a> on 2015-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atualidades+Ornitol%C3%B3gicas&rft.atitle=O+primeiro+registro+documentado+do+s%C3%A9c.+XX+da+sa%C3%ADra-apunhalada%2C+Nemosia+rourei+Cabanis%2C+1870%2C+uma+esp%C3%A9cie+enigm%C3%A1tica+do+sudeste+do+Brasil&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft.au=Pacheco%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Fernando&rft.au=Venturini%2C+Ana+Cristina&rft.au=de+Paz%2C+Pedro+Rogerio&rft.au=Rehen%2C+Mariana+Pacheco&rft.au=do+Carmo%2C+Luciano+Petronetto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ao.com.br%2Fao82_6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icmbio2018-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icmbio2018_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icmbio2018_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icmbio2018_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFICMBio2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ICMBio (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/publicacoes-diversas/livro_vermelho_2018_vol3.pdf"><i>Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção: Volume III – Aves</i></a> [<i>Red Book of Endangered Brazilian Fauna: Volume III – Birds</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Portuguese). Brasília, DF, Brazil: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade and Ministério do Meio Ambiente.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Livro+Vermelho+da+Fauna+Brasileira+Amea%C3%A7ada+de+Extin%C3%A7%C3%A3o%3A+Volume+III+%E2%80%93+Aves&rft.place=Bras%C3%ADlia%2C+DF%2C+Brazil&rft.pub=Instituto+Chico+Mendes+de+Conserva%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Biodiversidade+and+Minist%C3%A9rio+do+Meio+Ambiente&rft.date=2018&rft.au=ICMBio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.br%2Ficmbio%2Fpt-br%2Fcentrais-de-conteudo%2Fpublicacoes%2Fpublicacoes-diversas%2Flivro_vermelho_2018_vol3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zayed-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zayed_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zayed_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.speciesconservation.org/case-studies-projects/cherry-throated-tanager/7803">"Cherry-throated tanager conservation case study"</a>. The Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cherry-throated+tanager+conservation+case+study&rft.pub=The+Mohamed+bin+Zayed+Species+Conservation+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.speciesconservation.org%2Fcase-studies-projects%2Fcherry-throated-tanager%2F7803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-briefy-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-briefy_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFauna_&_Flora_International2017" class="citation journal cs1">Fauna & Flora International (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/briefly/03807C841A690A77457EECA4028A0FF9">"Briefly"</a>. <i>Oryx</i>. <b>51</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">571–</span>580. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0030605317001302">10.1017/S0030605317001302</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-6053">0030-6053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oryx&rft.atitle=Briefly&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E571-%3C%2Fspan%3E580&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0030605317001302&rft.issn=0030-6053&rft.au=Fauna+%26+Flora+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Foryx%2Farticle%2Fbriefly%2F03807C841A690A77457EECA4028A0FF9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sairanews24-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sairanews24_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInstituto_Marcos_Daniel2024" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Instituto Marcos Daniel (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imd.org.br/en/_files/ugd/14f64f_83c62534b0a049baaa4ef9a892a6808c.pdf">"Reserva Kaetés"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Saíra News</i> (in Portuguese). <b>003</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sa%C3%ADra+News&rft.atitle=Reserva+Kaet%C3%A9s&rft.volume=003&rft.date=2024&rft.au=Instituto+Marcos+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imd.org.br%2Fen%2F_files%2Fugd%2F14f64f_83c62534b0a049baaa4ef9a892a6808c.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-silva_2023-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-silva_2023_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-silva_2023_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilvaSarmento-SoaresToniniFreitas2023" class="citation journal cs1">Silva, Juliana Paulo; Sarmento-Soares, Luisa Maria; Tonini, Lorena; Freitas, Joelcio (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0030605323000893">"The contribution of local people to species conservation: the case of the catfish <i>Trichogenes claviger</i> in south-east Brazil"</a>. <i>Oryx</i>. <b>57</b> (6): 693. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0030605323000893">10.1017/S0030605323000893</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-6053">0030-6053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oryx&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+local+people+to+species+conservation%3A+the+case+of+the+catfish+Trichogenes+claviger+in+south-east+Brazil&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=693&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0030605323000893&rft.issn=0030-6053&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Juliana+Paulo&rft.au=Sarmento-Soares%2C+Luisa+Maria&rft.au=Tonini%2C+Lorena&rft.au=Freitas%2C+Joelcio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0030605323000893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACherry-throated+tanager" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cherry-throated_tanager&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imd.org.br/en/programa-saira-apunhalada">Conservation Program Cherry-Throated Tanager</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/375043571">Photo of a bird in its habitat, from the Macaulay Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/545520121">Photo of an adult on its nest, from the Macaulay Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/377806421">Video of adults feeding their chicks, from the Macaulay Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Nemosia rourei</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1300418" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1300418">Q1300418</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nemosia_rourei" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Nemosia rourei">Nemosia rourei</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Nemosia_rourei/">Nemosia_rourei</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/nemosia-rourei/">nemosia-rourei</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Avibase" title="Avibase">Avibase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=D9A06584A0B54D10">D9A06584A0B54D10</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22722293">22722293</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_World" title="Birds of the World">BOW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chttan1">chttan1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4697J">4697J</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EBird" title="EBird">eBird</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/chttan1">chttan1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4477">4477</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/922325">922325</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5230588">5230588</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/10647">10647</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10766195">10766195</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=561558">561558</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22722293">22722293</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_Birds_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropical Birds Online">Neotropical</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/chttan1">chttan1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=3597341">3597341</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Xeno-canto" title="Xeno-canto">Xeno-canto</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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