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0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Brussels, Belgium</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item 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1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>New Delhi, India</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li><li data-v-649ad59d><div class="dropdown-menu-item center-menu-item" data-v-649ad59d data-v-16c7b6b1><a href="/middle-east" class="anchor link" newtab="false" data-v-16c7b6b1><div class="center-preview" data-v-649ad59d data-v-afbff848><div class="center-title" data-v-afbff848><div class="body direction-ltr typography" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center</div></div><div class="center-info" data-v-afbff848><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 20" class="direction-ltr location-icon" data-v-afbff848 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.368 4.776a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.719-2.488A8 8 0 0 0 11.109.615 8.1 8.1 0 0 0 8 0a8.1 8.1 0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 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0 0 0-3.108.613 8 8 0 0 0-2.541 1.673A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .632 4.774 7.6 7.6 0 0 0 0 7.828c0 1.518.363 3.03 1.077 4.488.575 1.172 1.377 2.314 2.388 3.4 1.726 1.854 3.537 2.987 4.051 3.29a.95.95 0 0 0 .964 0c.514-.303 2.324-1.436 4.051-3.29 1.01-1.084 1.813-2.228 2.387-3.4C15.637 10.86 16 9.351 16 7.83a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-.632-3.054M8 17.488c-1.417-.9-6.452-4.469-6.452-9.658a6.16 6.16 0 0 1 1.884-4.436A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 8 1.548c1.727 0 3.348.656 4.568 1.848a6.15 6.15 0 0 1 1.884 4.434c0 5.19-5.035 8.757-6.452 9.658M8 4.215a3.785 3.785 0 1 0 0 7.57 3.785 3.785 0 0 0 0-7.57m1.703 5.488A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 10.41a2.4 2.4 0 0 1-1.703-.706A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 5.59 8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 .706-1.703A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 8 5.59c.643 0 1.247.25 1.703.706s.706 1.06.706 1.703-.25 1.247-.706 1.703"></path></svg><ul class="center-locations" data-v-afbff848><li class="label-small direction-ltr typography center-location" data-v-afbff848 data-v-239cd353>Berlin, Germany</li></ul></div></div></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div><nav 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class="eyebrow" data-v-f479f335><div class="--tan type-label" data-v-f479f335 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>collection</span></div><div class="image-mobile" data-v-f479f335></div></div><div class="header" data-v-f479f335><div class="name" data-v-f479f335><div class="h1 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-f479f335 data-v-239cd353>Carnegie Explainer Videos</div><div class="image-tablet" data-v-f479f335></div></div><div class="body-display-large-italic direction-ltr typography dek" data-v-f479f335 data-v-239cd353></div><div class="body-style-serif-large theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements dek" data-v-f479f335 data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Discover what’s driving today’s hottest global issues with Carnegie Explainers.</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>With expert insights and rich visuals, our scholars bring clarity to complex foreign policy issues, providing a deeper understanding of critical geopolitical challenges.</p></div></div><div class="header-details" data-v-1a91cb8d><div class="controls" data-v-1a91cb8d><div class="social-share controls-item" data-v-1a91cb8d><span data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-c2caf4f8></span><button class="utility-button copy-link-button" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-3e68b974 data-v-3052bdba><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" fill="none" class="direction-ltr icon" data-v-3052bdba data-v-6fa14250><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.338 2.25c.911 0 1.768.354 2.41.996A3.4 3.4 0 0 1 15.75 5.66c0 .915-.354 1.772-.996 2.414L12.53 10.3q-.396.398-.899.646a3.4 3.4 0 0 1-1.511.35q-.18 0-.36-.02a3.4 3.4 0 0 1-2.053-.976l-.007-.006c-.376-.377-.623-.763-.769-1.217a.524.524 0 0 1 .367-.665.52.52 0 0 1 .62.318c.116.308.295.59.531.827.403.403.944.646 1.519.682h.018q.071.005.13.006.164.001.332-.023a2.3 2.3 0 0 0 .966-.363q.2-.131.37-.302l2.225-2.226a2.35 2.35 0 0 0 .688-1.67 2.346 2.346 0 0 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src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/topographic.Cw31Keqa.svg" class="topographic-background" data-v-f479f335></section><div class="stream-tier-feed" data-v-1a91cb8d></div><div class="content-index-tier" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-0ec788be><div class="panel" data-v-0ec788be><div class="panel-inner" data-v-0ec788be></div></div><div class="results" data-v-0ec788be><div class="results-inner" data-v-0ec788be><div class="results-wrapper" data-v-1a91cb8d><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/10/north-korea-sends-troops-to-russia-a-new-chapter-in-the-russia-ukraine-war" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/SashaThumbnail-100.jpg" alt="Video of Alexander Gabuev discussing what North Korea's sending troops to Russia means for the Russia-Ukraine war" width="1920" height="1080" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="671be169d6272e8512c8e572" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/10/north-korea-sends-troops-to-russia-a-new-chapter-in-the-russia-ukraine-war?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>North Korea Sends Troops to Russia: A New Chapter in the Russia-Ukraine War?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>U.S. officials have confirmed that North Korea has sent troops to support Russia in its ongoing war against Ukraine. But what does North Korea stand to gain from this move? Alexander Gabuev discusses what this development means for the future of the Russia-Ukraine war.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/alexander-gabuev" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Alexander_Gabuev.jpg" alt="Alexander Gabuev" width="1000" height="877" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="6645e3299222dd95f1b665f5" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/alexander-gabuev" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Alexander Gabuev</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 25, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/10/after-engagement-what-new-conceptual-frameworks-for-americas-china-strategy" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/Wertheim.png" alt="Video of Stephen Wertheim discussing new conceptual frameworks for America's China strategy" width="1921" height="1081" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="671bd26251da44c9ad80a695" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/10/after-engagement-what-new-conceptual-frameworks-for-americas-china-strategy?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>After Engagement, What? New Conceptual Frameworks for America's China Strategy</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Over the past decade, leaders across the political spectrum have rejected the conceptual framework known as “engagement” that had guided U.S. policy toward China since the mid-1990s. Stephen Wertheim outlines the benefits of identifying a positive framework for U.S.-China relations and explores four conceptual frameworks for America's China strategy for the 2030s.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/stephen-wertheim" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Stephen_Wertheim_headshot.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1500" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66199061893a879d581e0a88" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/stephen-wertheim" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Stephen Wertheim</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 24, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/10/how-can-the-us-and-china-build-stable-nuclear-relations-for-the-2030s" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/maxresdefault%20(3)-1.jpg" alt="Video of George Perkovich discussing how the U.S. and China can reduce the risk of nuclear conflict." width="1280" height="720" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="671944e846be06ece86393f6" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/10/how-can-the-us-and-china-build-stable-nuclear-relations-for-the-2030s?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>How Can the U.S. and China Build Stable Nuclear Relations for the 2030s?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>As the U S. and China develop new weapons systems and enhance their nuclear arsenals, what steps should they take to reduce the risk of nuclear conflict? George Perkovich explores a path toward de-escalation and argues that presidential-level dialogue to clarify each state's strategic perspective will be vital for reducing the risk of nuclear conflict.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/george-perkovich" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/George-Perkovich-CEIP-00300.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1181" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="661991f9893a879d581e0abf" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/george-perkovich" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>George Perkovich</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 23, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/10/what-lies-ahead-for-future-us-china-relations" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/maxresdefault%20(2)-1.jpg" alt="Video of Evan Medeiros discussing the critical factors that will drive the future of the U.S.-China relationship. " width="1280" height="720" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="6719425846be06ece8637474" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/10/what-lies-ahead-for-future-us-china-relations?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>What Lies Ahead for Future U.S.-China Relations?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>What factors will influence the future of U.S.-China relations? Evan Medeiros lays out the critical factors that will drive Washington and Beijing's relationship toward one of five different possible scenarios, ranging from a global condominium to a new cold war, and offers policy recommendations for managing competition.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/missingslug-external-8021" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/_nuxt/avatar-placeholder.BaqAmelg.png" alt width height srcset sizes class="image" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><span data-v-0771b5f3>Evan Medeiros</span></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 18, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/10/how-can-the-us-and-china-reach-a-realistic-coexistence" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/ChivvisNew%202%20(1).png" alt="Video of Chris Chivvis discussing a realistic scenario for Washington and Beijing’s peaceful coexistence." width="1921" height="1081" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="67114c9495db7c6f3538d724" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/10/how-can-the-us-and-china-reach-a-realistic-coexistence?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>How can the U.S. and China Reach a Realistic Coexistence?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Growing U.S.-China tensions have generated a pessimistic vision for the future of the relationship. How might the United States and China manage their competitive relationship without resorting to war?</p></div><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>In this video, Christopher S. Chivvis introduces the volume "U.S.-China Relations for the 2030s: Toward a Realistic Scenario for Coexistence" and argues that a realistic scenario for Washington and Beijing’s peaceful coexistence does exist.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Chris_chivvis-1.jpg" alt width="690" height="862" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="65749fee0f74e6e8e2b7bf5a" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Christopher S. Chivvis</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· October 17, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/09/is-us-influence-fading-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/MENA%20Great%20Powers.jpg" alt="Video of Amr Hamzawy discussing changing power dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa" width="4000" height="2250" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="67054e8ce9f17eceac59e4f1" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/09/is-us-influence-fading-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Is U.S. Influence Fading in the Middle East and North Africa?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Who’s winning the power struggle in the Middle East & North Africa? Amr Hamzawy says the U.S., China, and Russia exert influence in unique ways that challenge conventional wisdom about Washington's regional retreat.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/amr-hamzawy" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Amr-Hamzawy-CEIP-00457.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1255" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="661981d4eaa2ba96dce31d4a" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/amr-hamzawy" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Amr Hamzawy</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· September 26, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/09/macrons-latest-prime-minister-choice-what-you-need-to-know" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/macron%20pm%20thumb.webp" alt="Video of Rym Momtaz discussing French President Emmanuel Macron's appointment of Michel Barnier as prime minster." width="1280" height="720" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="66df50fb56abf5d3f5887e21" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/09/macrons-latest-prime-minister-choice-what-you-need-to-know?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Macron's Latest Prime Minister Choice: What You Need to Know</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>French President Emmanuel Macron recently appointed Michel Barnier as the country's new prime minister. What are the key takeaways and implications of this decision? Rym Momtaz, Editor in Chief of Strategic Europe, discusses. </p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/rym-momtaz" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Momtaz-Rym-headshot-2024.jpg" alt="Rym Momtaz" width="2217" height="2496" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66cf944065b4310a295268ab" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/rym-momtaz" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Rym Momtaz</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· September 6, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/08/the-real-reason-behind-chinas-nuclear-expansion" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/chinanuclear2024.webp" alt width="1280" height="720" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="66be44e9530ca380bf76b56b" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/08/the-real-reason-behind-chinas-nuclear-expansion?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>The Real Reason Behind China's Nuclear Expansion</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Under Xi, China has shifted toward a much more aggressive nuclear expansion. Why this sudden change?</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/tong-zhao" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Tong-Zhao-CEIP-00742.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1213" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66198dad5d1eadde1cd55d49" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/tong-zhao" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Tong Zhao</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· August 15, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/07/is-ai-the-future-of-national-security" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/AI1-100%202.jpg" alt="Video of Chris Chivvis discussing the role of AI in national security decision-making." width="1920" height="1080" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="66ce5b85a753e45ba6db295f" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" class="direction-ltr logo" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-6fa14250><image 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" width="24" height="24"></image></svg><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353><a href="/emissary" class="anchor attribution-label" data-v-5bc4ee8d>Emissary</a></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/07/is-ai-the-future-of-national-security?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Is AI the Future of National Security?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Through a simulation of a Chinese blockade on Taiwan, Carnegie scholars examine AI's potential impact on national security crises. How would AI impact the speed, perception, and groupthink of bureaucratic decisionmakers? Learn more in Christopher S. Chivvis and Jennifer Kavanagh's full article.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Chris_chivvis-1.jpg" alt width="690" height="862" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="65749fee0f74e6e8e2b7bf5a" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Christopher S. Chivvis</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· July 25, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/07/natos-evolution-explained-the-four-defining-phases" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/NATO%20phases%20thumb.jpg" alt="Video of Chris Chivvis discussing the phases and evolution of NATO since its inception during the Cold War." width="1920" height="1080" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="66c6168e7324b15f2c154fde" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/07/natos-evolution-explained-the-four-defining-phases?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>NATO's Evolution Explained: The Four Defining Phases</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>As NATO celebrates its 75th anniversary, scholars reflect on its historical origins. The alliance has evolved markedly throughout the decades, from its inception during the Cold War, its expansion amidst ethnic violence in the Balkans and post-9/11 conflicts, and its current response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.<br><br>NATO has adapted to various security dilemmas in the past, but evolving geopolitical currents and emerging global threats call on the alliance to continue to evolve in future decades. Chris Chivvis, senior fellow and director of the American Statecraft Program, explains.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Chris_chivvis-1.jpg" alt width="690" height="862" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="65749fee0f74e6e8e2b7bf5a" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/christopher-s-chivvis" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Christopher S. Chivvis</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· July 3, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/06/why-does-recognizing-palestine-matter" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/marwan%20palestine.webp" alt="Marwan Muasher discusses European countries' recognition of the Palestinian state—and what this may mean for a potential two-state solution in the region." width="1280" height="720" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="66c6187a06a2d889f7a1e55e" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/06/why-does-recognizing-palestine-matter?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>Why Does Recognizing Palestine Matter?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Marwan Muasher, vice president for studies at Carnegie and former deputy prime minister of Jordan, discusses recent European countries' recognition of the Palestinian state—and what this may mean for a potential two-state solution in the region.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/marwan-muasher" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Marwan-Muasher-CEIP-00204.jpg" alt width="1000" height="1240" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66198aee6cc0f5dd53ea259f" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/marwan-muasher" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Marwan Muasher</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· June 12, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="context-block size-33 orientation-tall background-color-grey is-proportionate content-card-block result" data-v-1a91cb8d data-v-1142257d><div class="main" data-v-1142257d><div class="visual" data-v-1142257d><a href="/videos/2024/06/how-successful-were-ukraines-drone-attacks-on-russian-oil" class="anchor" data-v-1142257d><img src="/static/media/video-posters/ukraine%20drone.webp" alt="Video of Sergey Vakulenko discussing Ukraine's drone attacks on the Russian oil sector and their degree of strategic success." width="1280" height="720" srcset sizes class="image video image" id="66c617e17324b15f2c155db9" data-v-1142257d data-v-753462ba></a></div><div class="mobile-hide-description theme-light content-summary summary" data-v-1142257d data-v-537d1ed4><div class="summary-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="meta" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="--yellow type-label type-label" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-e1c4de89><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography text" data-v-e1c4de89 data-v-239cd353>video</span></div><div class="meta-right" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="attributions-wrapper" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-5bc4ee8d><div class="contentCard attributions-list" data-v-5bc4ee8d><span class="label-small direction-ltr typography title" data-v-5bc4ee8d data-v-239cd353></span></div></div></div></div><a href="/videos/2024/06/how-successful-were-ukraines-drone-attacks-on-russian-oil?lang=en" class="anchor" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="heading" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="h5 direction-ltr typography heading" data-v-1142257d data-v-239cd353>How Successful Were Ukraine's Drone Attacks on Russian Oil?</div></div></a><div class="description" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="body-style-serif-small theme-light size-50 rich-text-elements description" data-v-1142257d data-v-fedd3581><div class="rich-text" data-v-fedd3581><p>Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center's nonresident scholar Sergey Vakulenko discusses Ukraine's drone attacks on the Russian oil sector and assesses the degree to which they have been strategically successful.</p></div></div></div><div class="last-row credits" data-v-537d1ed4><div class="theme-light avatar-set" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-0771b5f3><ul class="avatars" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="person" data-v-0771b5f3><div class="size-small avatar" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-fb741989><span class="avatar" data-v-fb741989><a href="/people/sergey-vakulenko" class="anchor avatar-link" data-v-fb741989><img src="/static/media/avatars/Sergey_Vakulenko.jpg" alt="Sergey Vakulenko" width="1000" height="1000" srcset sizes class="image desaturate" id="66607d9c7371c07f71c198d1" data-v-fb741989 data-v-753462ba></a></span></div></li></ul><ul class="names" data-v-0771b5f3><li class="name" data-v-0771b5f3><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography" data-v-0771b5f3 data-v-239cd353><a href="/people/sergey-vakulenko" class="anchor" data-v-0771b5f3>Sergey Vakulenko</a></span></li></ul></div><span class="body-micro direction-ltr typography publication-date" data-v-537d1ed4 data-v-239cd353>· June 12, 2024</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pagination" data-v-0ec788be><div style="" class="pagination" data-v-0ec788be data-v-c58cb928><div class="wrapper" data-v-c58cb928><button class="button-tertiary theme-light size-regular icon-position-left button" style="display:none;" data-v-c58cb928 data-v-2387f140><span class="label direction-ltr typography label" data-v-2387f140 data-v-239cd353>Prev</span><span class="icon" data-v-2387f140><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="13" fill="none" class="direction-ltr is-arrow" data-v-2387f140 data-v-6fa14250><path fill="#00B8AD" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11 6.5a5 5 0 1 1-10 0 5 5 0 0 1 10 0m1 0a6 6 0 1 1-12 0 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