CINXE.COM

The Department of Landscape Architecture - Harvard Graduate School of Design

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); /* ]]> */ </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.5 (Yoast SEO v23.5) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>The Department of Landscape Architecture - Harvard Graduate School of Design</title> <meta name="description" content="Welcome To The Department Of Landscape Architecture The Department of Landscape Architecture at Harvard is home to the oldest and most distinguished" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Department of Landscape Architecture" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Welcome To The Department Of Landscape Architecture The Department of Landscape Architecture at Harvard is home to the oldest and most distinguished" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Harvard Graduate School of Design" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/HarvardGSD/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-06T14:14:39+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/gsd_id_preview_graphic.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="450" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@HarvardGSD" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="2 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/","url":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/","name":"The Department of Landscape Architecture - Harvard Graduate School of Design","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-02-05T17:15:56+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-06T14:14:39+00:00","description":"Welcome To The Department Of Landscape Architecture The Department of Landscape Architecture at Harvard is home to the oldest and most distinguished","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/"]}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#website","url":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/","name":"Harvard Graduate School of Design","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#organization","name":"Harvard University Graduate School of Design","url":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-gsd_id_favicon.png","contentUrl":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-gsd_id_favicon.png","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Harvard University Graduate School of Design"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/HarvardGSD/","https://x.com/HarvardGSD","https://www.instagram.com/harvardgsd/","https://www.linkedin.com/school/1376698/","https://www.youtube.com/TheHarvardGSD"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v8.10.0 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ --> <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XBP2115NM8" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '8.10.0'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-XBP2115NM8', 'ga-disable-UA-80325496-2', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.ua; __gtagDataLayer(type, name, parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); __gtagTracker('config', 'G-XBP2115NM8', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); __gtagTracker('config', 'UA-80325496-2', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script> <!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.gsd.harvard.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='powerpress-player-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bu-navigation-block-frontend-style-css' href='https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/bu-navigation/src/block-frontend.css?ver=1.3.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gsd-theme-css' href='https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/style.css?ver=1.13.1' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gsd-theme-print-css' href='https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/print.css?ver=1.13.1' type='text/css' media='print' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-premium/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=8.10.0" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,xlsx,pptx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/www.gsd.harvard.edu","hash_tracking":"false","ua":"UA-80325496-2","v4_id":"G-XBP2115NM8"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/static/js/dist/modernizr.js?ver=3.2.0" id="modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.8.18" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/www.gsd.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/www.gsd.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"59cc9efc2e5e9183b4c1ab56786ccf5a","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = {"1":"1"}; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.gsd.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.8.18" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=50c7bea9c2320e16728e44ae9fde5f26" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.4" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-util-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpUtilSettings = {"ajax":{"url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/wp-util.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="wp-util-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/algolia/includes/../js/algoliasearch/algoliasearch.jquery.min.js?ver=2.11.3" id="algolia-search-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/algolia/includes/../js/autocomplete.js/autocomplete.min.js?ver=2.11.3" id="algolia-autocomplete-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/algolia/includes/../js/autocomplete-noconflict.js?ver=2.11.3" id="algolia-autocomplete-noconflict-js"></script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <!-- Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-WB5QC9N" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["www.gsd.harvard.edu"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "GT-WB5QC9N"); /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- End Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/36" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/?p=36' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsd.harvard.edu%2Flandscape-architecture%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsd.harvard.edu%2Flandscape-architecture%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.135.0" /> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- function powerpress_pinw(pinw_url){window.open(pinw_url, 'PowerPressPlayer','toolbar=0,status=0,resizable=1,width=460,height=320'); return false;} //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript">var algolia = {"debug":false,"application_id":"UHBM7GWLCW","search_api_key":"88d85af2dc9c8ecd74bc8e1914fddad5","powered_by_enabled":true,"query":"","autocomplete":{"sources":[{"index_id":"searchable_posts","index_name":"gsd_website_production_searchable_posts","label":"All posts","admin_name":"All posts","position":10,"max_suggestions":5,"tmpl_suggestion":"autocomplete-post-suggestion","enabled":true}],"input_selector":"input[name='s']:not('.no-autocomplete')"},"indices":{"searchable_posts":{"name":"gsd_website_production_searchable_posts","id":"searchable_posts","enabled":true,"replicas":[]}}};</script> <!-- Google Tag Manager snippet added by Site Kit --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function( w, d, s, l, i ) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push( {'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'} ); var f = d.getElementsByTagName( s )[0], j = d.createElement( s ), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore( j, f ); } )( window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-PLR8J8L' ); /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-gsd_id_favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-gsd_id_favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-gsd_id_favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/cropped-gsd_id_favicon-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /*.home .wrapper .feature-theme--white {background: #ffffff ;} .home .l--collection-wide-grid { align-items: baseline; }*/ .site-nav-link-external { font-family: office-code,monospace; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1; font-weight: 700; display: inline-block; padding: 5px 8px; border: 0; -webkit-transition: all .3s cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1); transition: all .3s cubic-bezier(.215,.61,.355,1); } @media (min-width: 1070px){ .site-nav-link-external { font-size: 18px; } } @media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 767px) { .wrapper .has--topic-feature.is--over-feature .site-nav-link-external { color: #fff; } .wrapper .has--topic-feature.is--over-feature .site-nav-link-external:hover { background: #000; } } .site-nav-link-external:hover { color: #fff; background: #000; cursor: pointer; } .wrapper .feature-theme--black.is--over-feature .site-nav-link-external:focus, .wrapper .feature-theme--black.is--over-feature .site-nav-link-external:hover { color: #000; background-color: #f9f3ed; } .wrapper .feature-theme--black.is--over-feature .site-nav-link-external { color: #f9f3ed; } @media (min-width: 800px) { #gsd-list-people-container .l--post-list-grid .l--person-tease { width: 20%; } #gsd-list-people-container .base-tease__meta.person-tease__meta { display: block;} } div.alert-theme--red.alert-message-text a.alert-text{ color: white !important;} .page-id-2453137 .guide-inner { display: none; } </style> <!-- copied from algolia's library --> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-autocomplete-header"> <div class="autocomplete-header"> <div class="autocomplete-header-title">{{{ data.label }}}</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-gsd-footer"> <div class="autocomplete-footer"> <div class="autocomplete-footer-title"><a href="javascript:void(0);" onClick="document.getElementById('main_search').submit();">{{{ data.label }}}</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-autocomplete-post-suggestion"> <a class="suggestion-link" href="{{ data.permalink }}" title="{{ data.post_title }}"> <# if ( data.images.thumbnail ) { #> <img class="suggestion-post-thumbnail" src="{{ data.images.thumbnail.url }}" alt="{{ data.post_title }}"> <# } #> <div class="suggestion-post-attributes"> <span class="suggestion-post-title">{{{ data._highlightResult.post_title.value }}}</span> <!-- GSD customization --> <# var attributes = [ 'lead_text', 'contributors', 'instructors', 'locations', 'project_types', 'publication_types', 'event_types', 'course_type', 'course_number', 'categories', 'tags', 'titles', 'websites', 'issue', 'event_series', 'public_lecture_series', 'content', 'topics', 'affiliations', 'departments']; var attribute_name; var relevant_content = ''; if ( 'person' == data.post_type && '' != data.titles ) { // Special rule for Faculty/Staff: display their title(s) as the snippet, regardless of context match relevant_content = data._snippetResult['titles'].value; } else { // Show the best match that makes sense for ( var index in attributes ) { attribute_name = attributes[ index ]; if ( data._highlightResult[ attribute_name ] && data._snippetResult[ attribute_name ] ) { if ( data._highlightResult[ attribute_name ].matchedWords.length > 0 ) { relevant_content = data._snippetResult[ attribute_name ].value; break; } } } if ( '' == relevant_content ) { if ( data._snippetResult['lead_text'] && data._snippetResult['lead_text'].value ) { relevant_content = data._snippetResult['lead_text'].value; } else { relevant_content = data._snippetResult['content'].value; } } } #> <span class="suggestion-post-content">{{{ relevant_content }}}</span> <!-- /GSD customization --> </div> </a> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-autocomplete-term-suggestion"> <a class="suggestion-link" href="{{ data.permalink }}" title="{{ data.name }}"> <span class="suggestion-post-title">{{{ data._highlightResult.name.value }}}</span> </a> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-autocomplete-user-suggestion"> <a class="suggestion-link user-suggestion-link" href="{{ data.posts_url }}" title="{{ data.display_name }}"> <# if ( data.avatar_url ) { #> <img class="suggestion-user-thumbnail" src="{{ data.avatar_url }}" alt="{{ data.display_name }}"> <# } #> <span class="suggestion-post-title">{{{ data._highlightResult.display_name.value }}}</span> </a> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-autocomplete-footer"> <div class="autocomplete-footer"> <!-- Algolia branding has been removed --> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-autocomplete-empty"> <div class="autocomplete-empty"> No results matched your query <span class="empty-query">"{{ data.query }}"</span> </div> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function () { /* init Algolia client */ var client = algoliasearch(algolia.application_id, algolia.search_api_key); /* setup default sources */ var sources = []; jQuery.each(algolia.autocomplete.sources, function (i, config) { var suggestion_template = wp.template(config['tmpl_suggestion']); sources.push({ source: algoliaAutocomplete.sources.hits(client.initIndex(config['index_name']), { hitsPerPage: config['max_suggestions'], attributesToSnippet: [ 'topics:10', 'affiliations:10', 'departments:10', 'contributors:10', 'locations:10', 'course_type:10', 'event_types:10', 'project_types:10', 'publication_types:10', 'categories:10', 'tags:10', 'titles:10', 'websites:10', 'issue:10', 'lead_text:10', 'event_series:10', 'public_lecture_series:10', 'course_number:10', 'content:10' ], /* /attributesToSnippets */ highlightPreTag: '', highlightPostTag: '' }), /* /source */ templates: { footer: function () { return wp.template('gsd-footer')({ label: _.escape('All Results') }); /* template */ }, /* /footer */ suggestion: wp.template(config['tmpl_suggestion']) } /* /templates */ }); /* /sources.push */ }); /* /algolia.autocomplete.sources */ //MAY 18 This is where we left off! /* Setup dropdown menus */ jQuery(algolia.autocomplete.input_selector).each(function (i) { var $searchInput = jQuery(this); var config = { debug: algolia.debug, hint: false, openOnFocus: true, appendTo: 'body', templates: { empty: wp.template('autocomplete-empty') } }; if (algolia.powered_by_enabled) { config.templates.footer = wp.template('autocomplete-footer'); } /* Instantiate autocomplete.js */ var autocomplete = algoliaAutocomplete($searchInput[0], config, sources) .on('autocomplete:selected', function (e, suggestion, datasetName) { /* Redirect the user when we detect a suggestion selection. */ window.location.href = suggestion.permalink; }).on('autocomplete:opened', function() { //Inline z-index style from plugin was hiding the dropdown menu jQuery('.algolia-autocomplete').css('z-index', 9999) }); }); /* This ensures that when the dropdown overflows the window, Thether can reposition it. */ jQuery('body').css('overflow-x', 'hidden'); }); // /jQuery(function() ..) </script> <!-- /copied from algolia's library --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png?v=jw722yl4y4"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/favicon-32x32.png?v=jw722yl4y4"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/favicon-16x16.png?v=jw722yl4y4"> <link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/site.webmanifest?v=jw722yl4y4"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=jw722yl4y4" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/favicon.ico?v=jw722yl4y4"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/favicons/browserconfig.xml?v=jw722yl4y4"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> </head> <body id="pagetop" class="page-template page-template-template-department page-template-template-department-php page page-id-36 page-parent"> <div id="pjax-announce" aria-live="assertive" class="visually-hidden"></div> <div id="pjax-container" class="wrapper"> <section class="color-theme theme--default"> <header class="l--header " role="banner"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#main" tabindex="0">Skip to main content</a> <div class="header-inner"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu" class="site-branding--link-svg"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <title>GSD Logo</title> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 1920 178.66" style="enable-background:new 0 0 1920 178.66;" xml:space="preserve" class="site-branding--svg logo-desktop" tabindex="0"> <g> <path d="M1867.52,176.81h9.29v-53.78l30.19,53.78h13v-65.02h-9.29v53.78l-30.19-53.78h-13V176.81L1867.52,176.81L1867.52,176.81z M1824.79,177.74c9.94,0,16.07-2.88,19.69-9.2v8.27h8.36v-32.98h-26.94v8.27h18.58v1.76c0,10.68-5.67,15.51-18.3,15.51h-0.93 c-14.86,0-21.64-7.8-21.64-25.08c0-17.28,6.78-25.08,21.64-25.08h0.93c10.59,0,15.88,4.37,16.9,13.93h9.29 c-1.11-15.33-9.38-22.29-26.66-22.29c-21.64,0-31.4,10.4-31.4,33.44S1803.8,177.74,1824.79,177.74L1824.79,177.74L1824.79,177.74z M1730.61,176.81h55.73v-7.71h-23.22v-49.6h23.22v-7.71h-55.73v7.71h23.22v49.6h-23.22V176.81L1730.61,176.81L1730.61,176.81z M1697.91,177.74c16.53,0,24.06-5.85,24.06-18.86c0-10.78-5.39-16.53-17.37-18.49l-10.78-1.76c-6.13-0.93-8.92-3.9-8.92-9.29 c0-6.97,4.27-10.13,13.84-10.13h0.93c9.57,0,13.93,3.71,13.93,12.08h9.29c0-14.03-7.25-20.44-23.31-20.44 c-16.54,0-23.96,5.76-23.96,18.58c0,10.77,5.11,16.53,16.44,18.48l10.78,1.86c6.78,1.21,9.84,4.09,9.84,9.2 c0,7.15-4.18,10.4-13.47,10.4h-0.93c-11.42,0-16.63-4.18-16.63-13.47h-9.29C1672.37,170.96,1680.35,177.74,1697.91,177.74 L1697.91,177.74L1697.91,177.74z M1616.82,176.81h48.3v-8.36h-39.01v-20.9h32.51v-8.36h-32.51v-19.04h38.09v-8.36h-47.37V176.81 L1616.82,176.81L1616.82,176.81z M1559.7,168.45v-48.3h13.47c14.68,0,21.36,7.52,21.36,24.15s-6.69,24.15-21.36,24.15H1559.7 L1559.7,168.45L1559.7,168.45z M1550.41,176.81h22.48c21.27,0,30.93-10.13,30.93-32.51s-9.66-32.51-30.93-32.51h-22.48V176.81 L1550.41,176.81L1550.41,176.81z"/> <path d="M1620.82,65.35h9.29v-27.4h31.58v-8.36h-31.58V8.69h36.23V0.33h-45.51V65.35L1620.82,65.35L1620.82,65.35z M1555.89,32.84 c0-17.28,6.5-25.08,20.9-25.08h0.93c14.4,0,20.9,7.8,20.9,25.08c0,17.28-6.5,25.08-20.9,25.08h-0.93 C1562.39,57.91,1555.89,50.11,1555.89,32.84L1555.89,32.84L1555.89,32.84z M1577.25,66.28c21.09,0,30.65-10.4,30.65-33.44 s-9.57-33.44-30.65-33.44c-21.08,0-30.65,10.4-30.65,33.44S1556.17,66.28,1577.25,66.28L1577.25,66.28L1577.25,66.28z"/> <path d="M1181.34,176.49h47.37v-8.36h-38.08v-56.66h-9.29V176.49L1181.34,176.49L1181.34,176.49z M1116.42,143.98 c0-17.28,6.5-25.08,20.9-25.08h0.93c14.4,0,20.9,7.8,20.9,25.08c0,17.28-6.5,25.08-20.9,25.08h-0.93 C1122.92,169.06,1116.42,161.26,1116.42,143.98L1116.42,143.98L1116.42,143.98z M1137.78,177.42c21.09,0,30.65-10.4,30.65-33.44 c0-23.04-9.57-33.44-30.65-33.44c-21.09,0-30.65,10.4-30.65,33.44C1107.13,167.02,1116.69,177.42,1137.78,177.42L1137.78,177.42 L1137.78,177.42z M1046.01,143.98c0-17.28,6.5-25.08,20.9-25.08h0.93c14.4,0,20.9,7.8,20.9,25.08c0,17.28-6.5,25.08-20.9,25.08 h-0.93C1052.51,169.06,1046.01,161.26,1046.01,143.98L1046.01,143.98L1046.01,143.98z M1067.37,177.42 c21.09,0,30.65-10.4,30.65-33.44c0-23.04-9.57-33.44-30.65-33.44c-21.08,0-30.65,10.4-30.65,33.44 C1036.72,167.02,1046.29,177.42,1067.37,177.42L1067.37,177.42L1067.37,177.42z M972.26,176.49h9.29v-28.33h32.97v28.33h9.29 v-65.02h-9.29v28.33h-32.97v-28.33h-9.29V176.49L972.26,176.49L972.26,176.49z M933.16,177.42c17.18,0,25.45-6.69,26.56-21.36 h-9.29c-1.12,8.92-6.23,13-16.44,13h-0.93c-14.3,0-20.71-7.8-20.71-25.08c0-17.28,6.41-25.08,20.71-25.08h0.93 c10.21,0,15.32,4.09,16.44,13h9.29c-1.11-14.68-9.19-21.36-26.19-21.36c-20.99,0-30.47,10.4-30.47,33.44 C903.06,167.02,912.44,177.42,933.16,177.42L933.16,177.42L933.16,177.42z M869.34,177.42c16.54,0,24.06-5.85,24.06-18.85 c0-10.78-5.39-16.54-17.37-18.49l-10.77-1.76c-6.13-0.93-8.92-3.9-8.92-9.29c0-6.97,4.27-10.13,13.84-10.13h0.93 c9.57,0,13.94,3.72,13.94,12.08h9.29c0-14.02-7.25-20.43-23.32-20.43c-16.53,0-23.96,5.76-23.96,18.58 c0,10.78,5.11,16.53,16.44,18.49l10.77,1.86c6.78,1.21,9.85,4.09,9.85,9.2c0,7.15-4.18,10.4-13.47,10.4h-0.93 c-11.42,0-16.63-4.18-16.63-13.47h-9.29C843.8,170.64,851.79,177.42,869.34,177.42L869.34,177.42L869.34,177.42z"/> <path d="M1295.04,65.03h48.3v-8.36h-39.01v-20.9h32.51v-8.36h-32.51V8.37h38.08V0.01h-47.37V65.03L1295.04,65.03L1295.04,65.03z M1252.59,65.03h9.29V8.37h23.22V0.01h-55.73v8.36h23.22V65.03L1252.59,65.03L1252.59,65.03z M1188.68,39.95l12.26-31.39 l12.26,31.39H1188.68L1188.68,39.95L1188.68,39.95z M1169.45,65.03h9.47l6.5-16.72h31.02l6.5,16.72h9.66l-25.54-65.02h-11.89 L1169.45,65.03L1169.45,65.03L1169.45,65.03z M1136.39,65.96c16.91,0,24.62-7.34,24.62-23.69V0.01h-9.29v41.8 c0,10.87-4.65,15.79-14.86,15.79h-0.93c-10.22,0-14.86-4.92-14.86-15.79V0.01h-9.29v42.26 C1111.77,58.62,1119.48,65.96,1136.39,65.96L1136.39,65.96L1136.39,65.96z M1055.2,56.67V8.37h13.47 c14.68,0,21.36,7.52,21.36,24.15c0,16.63-6.69,24.15-21.36,24.15H1055.2L1055.2,56.67L1055.2,56.67z M1045.92,65.03h22.48 c21.27,0,30.93-10.12,30.93-32.51c0-22.39-9.66-32.51-30.93-32.51h-22.48V65.03L1045.92,65.03L1045.92,65.03z M992.88,39.95 l12.26-31.39l12.26,31.39H992.88L992.88,39.95L992.88,39.95z M973.65,65.03h9.47l6.5-16.72h31.02l6.5,16.72h9.66l-25.54-65.02 h-11.89L973.65,65.03L973.65,65.03L973.65,65.03z M927.49,30.66V8.37h17.74c8.27,0,11.98,3.34,11.98,10.78 c0,7.89-4,11.52-12.82,11.52H927.49L927.49,30.66L927.49,30.66z M918.2,65.03h9.29V39.02h19.97c6.04,0,8.83,2.79,8.83,8.82v17.18 h9.29V46.82c0-7.99-3.16-11.98-10.22-12.73c7.71-2.51,11.15-7.61,11.15-16.44c0-12.17-6.69-17.65-21.55-17.65H918.2V65.03 L918.2,65.03L918.2,65.03z M875.47,65.96c9.94,0,16.07-2.88,19.69-9.2v8.27h8.36V32.06h-26.94v8.27h18.58v1.76 c0,10.68-5.67,15.51-18.3,15.51h-0.93c-14.86,0-21.64-7.8-21.64-25.08c0-17.28,6.78-25.08,21.64-25.08h0.93 c10.59,0,15.88,4.37,16.91,13.94h9.29c-1.12-15.33-9.38-22.29-26.66-22.29c-21.64,0-31.4,10.4-31.4,33.44 C845.01,55.55,854.48,65.96,875.47,65.96L875.47,65.96L875.47,65.96z"/> <path d="M602.27,176.49h9.29v-26.94l23.22-38.08h-10.4l-17.18,28.7l-17.37-28.7h-10.78l23.22,38.08V176.49L602.27,176.49 L602.27,176.49z M538.83,176.49h9.29v-56.66h23.22v-8.36h-55.73v8.36h23.22V176.49L538.83,176.49L538.83,176.49z M449.29,176.49 h55.73v-7.71H481.8v-49.6h23.22v-7.71h-55.73v7.71h23.22v49.6h-23.22V176.49L449.29,176.49L449.29,176.49z M416.59,177.42 c16.53,0,24.06-5.85,24.06-18.85c0-10.78-5.39-16.54-17.37-18.49l-10.78-1.76c-6.13-0.93-8.92-3.9-8.92-9.29 c0-6.97,4.27-10.13,13.84-10.13h0.93c9.57,0,13.93,3.72,13.93,12.08h9.29c0-14.02-7.24-20.43-23.31-20.43 c-16.53,0-23.96,5.76-23.96,18.58c0,10.78,5.11,16.53,16.44,18.49l10.78,1.86c6.78,1.21,9.84,4.09,9.84,9.2 c0,7.15-4.18,10.4-13.47,10.4h-0.93c-11.43,0-16.63-4.18-16.63-13.47h-9.29C391.05,170.64,399.04,177.42,416.59,177.42 L416.59,177.42L416.59,177.42z M338.47,142.12v-22.29h17.74c8.27,0,11.98,3.34,11.98,10.78c0,7.89-4,11.52-12.82,11.52H338.47 L338.47,142.12L338.47,142.12z M329.19,176.49h9.29v-26.01h19.97c6.04,0,8.82,2.79,8.82,8.82v17.18h9.29v-18.21 c0-7.99-3.16-11.98-10.22-12.73c7.71-2.51,11.15-7.62,11.15-16.44c0-12.17-6.69-17.65-21.55-17.65h-26.75V176.49L329.19,176.49 L329.19,176.49z M268.62,176.49h48.3v-8.36h-39.01v-20.9h32.51v-8.36h-32.51v-19.04H316v-8.36h-47.37V176.49L268.62,176.49 L268.62,176.49z M221.9,176.49h12.08l25.54-65.02h-9.75l-21.55,56.57l-22.48-56.57h-9.84L221.9,176.49L221.9,176.49L221.9,176.49z M130.6,176.49h55.73v-7.71h-23.22v-49.6h23.22v-7.71H130.6v7.71h23.22v49.6H130.6V176.49L130.6,176.49L130.6,176.49z M65.39,176.49h9.29v-53.78l30.19,53.78h13v-65.02h-9.29v53.78L78.4,111.47h-13V176.49L65.39,176.49L65.39,176.49z M24.61,177.42 c16.91,0,24.62-7.34,24.62-23.68v-42.26h-9.29v41.8c0,10.87-4.64,15.79-14.86,15.79h-0.93c-10.22,0-14.86-4.92-14.86-15.79v-41.8H0 v42.26C0,170.08,7.71,177.42,24.61,177.42L24.61,177.42L24.61,177.42z"/> <path d="M398.48,56.67V8.37h13.47c14.68,0,21.36,7.52,21.36,24.15c0,16.63-6.69,24.15-21.36,24.15H398.48L398.48,56.67 L398.48,56.67z M389.19,65.03h22.48c21.27,0,30.93-10.12,30.93-32.51c0-22.39-9.66-32.51-30.93-32.51h-22.48V65.03L389.19,65.03 L389.19,65.03z M335.31,30.66V8.37h17.74c8.27,0,11.98,3.34,11.98,10.78c0,7.89-4,11.52-12.82,11.52H335.31L335.31,30.66 L335.31,30.66z M326.03,65.03h9.29V39.02h19.97c6.04,0,8.82,2.79,8.82,8.82v17.18h9.29V46.82c0-7.99-3.16-11.98-10.22-12.73 c7.71-2.51,11.15-7.61,11.15-16.44c0-12.17-6.69-17.65-21.55-17.65h-26.75V65.03L326.03,65.03L326.03,65.03z M272.99,39.95 l12.26-31.39l12.26,31.39H272.99L272.99,39.95L272.99,39.95z M253.76,65.03h9.48l6.5-16.72h31.02l6.5,16.72h9.66L291.38,0.01 h-11.89L253.76,65.03L253.76,65.03L253.76,65.03z M214.75,65.03h12.08l25.54-65.02h-9.75l-21.55,56.57L198.59,0.01h-9.84 L214.75,65.03L214.75,65.03L214.75,65.03z M142.67,30.66V8.37h17.74c8.27,0,11.98,3.34,11.98,10.78c0,7.89-3.99,11.52-12.82,11.52 H142.67L142.67,30.66L142.67,30.66z M133.38,65.03h9.29V39.02h19.97c6.04,0,8.82,2.79,8.82,8.82v17.18h9.29V46.82 c0-7.99-3.16-11.98-10.22-12.73c7.71-2.51,11.15-7.61,11.15-16.44c0-12.17-6.69-17.65-21.55-17.65h-26.75V65.03L133.38,65.03 L133.38,65.03z M80.35,39.95L92.61,8.56l12.26,31.39H80.35L80.35,39.95L80.35,39.95z M61.12,65.03h9.47l6.5-16.72h31.03l6.5,16.72 h9.66L98.74,0.01H86.85L61.12,65.03L61.12,65.03L61.12,65.03z M0.56,65.03h9.29V36.7h32.97v28.33h9.29V0.01h-9.29v28.33H9.85V0.01 H0.56V65.03L0.56,65.03L0.56,65.03z"/> </g> </svg> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 893.99 1080" style="enable-background:new 0 0 893.99 1080;" xml:space="preserve" class="logo-mobile"> <g> <polygon points="707.87,465.02 557.99,465.02 557.99,614.98 707.87,614.98 707.87,465.02 "/> <polygon points="744.03,0 744.03,149.88 893.99,149.88 893.99,0 744.03,0 "/> <polygon points="521.87,465.02 371.99,465.02 371.99,614.98 521.87,614.98 521.87,465.02 "/> <polygon points="744.03,186.12 744.03,336 893.99,336 893.99,186.12 744.03,186.12 "/> <polygon points="335.87,465.02 185.99,465.02 185.99,614.98 335.87,614.98 335.87,465.02 "/> <polygon points="744.03,372.12 744.03,522 893.99,522 893.99,372.12 744.03,372.12 "/> <polygon points="744.03,558.13 744.03,708 893.99,708 893.99,558.13 744.03,558.13 "/> <polygon points="744.03,744.13 744.03,894 893.99,894 893.99,744.13 744.03,744.13 "/> <polygon points="0,0 0,149.88 149.95,149.88 149.95,0 0,0 "/> <polygon points="0,186.12 0,336 149.95,336 149.95,186.12 0,186.12 "/> <polygon points="0,372.12 0,522 149.95,522 149.95,372.12 0,372.12 "/> <polygon points="0,558.13 0,708 149.95,708 149.95,558.13 0,558.13 "/> <polygon points="0,744.13 0,894 149.95,894 149.95,744.13 0,744.13 "/> <polygon points="0,930.13 0,1080 149.95,1080 149.95,930.13 0,930.13 "/> <polygon points="744.03,930.13 744.03,1080 893.99,1080 893.99,930.13 744.03,930.13 "/> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <nav class="site-nav"> <ul class="site-nav-list"> <li class="site-nav-item"><button role="button" class="site-nav-link site-nav-link--menu" aria-controls="menu" aria-pressed="false" aria-label="primary navigation menu" tabindex="0">Menu</button></li> <li class="site-nav-item"><button role="button" class="site-nav-link site-nav-link--search" aria-controls="search" aria-pressed="false" tabindex="0">Search</button></li> <li class="site-nav-item"><a href="https://now.gsd.harvard.edu" target="_blank" class="site-nav-link site-nav-link--gsd-now site-nav-external-link" tabindex="0">GSD Now</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="site-nav-panels"> <nav class="l--menu site-nav--panel" id="menu" tabindex="-1"> <span class="close-nav-menu" tabindex="0"></span> <div class="menu-inner"> <div class="menu-section menu-section--academics"> <div class="section-header section-header--menu"> <h2 class="section-heading">Academics </h2> </div> <ul class="menu-list menu-list--programs"> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/architecture/" class="menu-item-link">Department of Architecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/landscape-architecture/" class="menu-item-link">Department of Landscape Architecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/urban-planning-design/" class="menu-item-link">Department of Urban Planning and Design</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/design-studies/" class="menu-item-link menu-item-link">Design Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/design-engineering/" class="menu-item-link">Design Engineering</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/doctoral-programs/" class="menu-item-link">Doctoral Programs</a></li> <li class="menu-item"> <ul class="menu-list menu-list--more-programs" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/undergraduate-concentration/" class="menu-item-link">Undergraduate Architecture Studies</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/loeb-fellowship/" class="menu-item-link">Loeb Fellowship</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/executive-education/" class="menu-item-link">Executive Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="https://earlydesigneducation.gsd.harvard.edu/" class="menu-item-link">Early Design Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/research/" class="menu-item-link">Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/courses/" class="menu-item-link">Courses</a></li> </ul> <button class="menu-item menu-item-toggle" aria-label="show more">More ▼</button> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-academics --> <div class="menu-actions"> <ul class="menu-list menu-actions-list menu-actions--main"> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/admissions/" class="menu-item-link">Apply</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="https://community.alumni.harvard.edu/give/9295031?appealcode=S25OL2" target="_blank" class="menu-item-link">Give</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="https://huhs.harvard.edu/covid-19-information#gsc.tab=0" target="_blank" class="menu-item-link">Covid 19</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-actions --> <div class="menu-section menu-section--people"> <div class="section-header section-header--menu"> <h2 class="section-heading">People</h2> </div> <ul class="menu-list menu-people-list menu-people--main"> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/people/faculty/" class="menu-item-link">Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/people/staff/" class="menu-item-link">Staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/people/student/" class="menu-item-link">Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/development-and-alumni-relations/" class="menu-item-link">Alumni</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-people --> <div class="menu-section menu-section--about"> <div class="section-header section-header--menu"> <h2 class="section-heading">About</h2> </div> <ul class="menu-list menu-about-list menu-about--main"> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/administrative-leadership-council/" class="menu-item-link">Administrative Leadership Council</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/community-values/" class="menu-item-link">Community Values, Rights, and Responsibilities</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/commitment-to-diversity-inclusion-and-belonging" class="menu-item-link">Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="https://alumni.gsd.harvard.edu/" class="menu-item-link">Alumni and Friends Website</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/visit-the-gsd/" class="menu-item-link">Visit the GSD</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-about --> <div class="menu-section menu-section--resources"> <div class="section-header section-header--menu"> <h2 class="section-heading">Resources</h2> </div> <ul class="menu-list menu-list--resources-for"> <li class="menu-label">Most Popular: </li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/admissions/" class="menu-item-link">Admissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/financial-aid/" class="menu-item-link">Financial Aid</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/library/" class="menu-item-link">Frances Loeb Library </a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/student-affairs/" class="menu-item-link">Student Affairs</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/?resource_type=offices-services" class="menu-item-link">Offices &amp; Services</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/" class="menu-item-link">All Resources →</a></li> </ul> <ul class="menu-list menu-list--resources-type"> <li class="menu-label">For: </li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/?resource_audience=prospective-students" class="menu-item-link">Prospective Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/?resource_audience=current-students" class="menu-item-link">Current Students</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/?resource_audience=faculty" class="menu-item-link">Faculty</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/?resource_audience=staff" class="menu-item-link">Staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/resources/?resource_audience=alumni" class="menu-item-link">Alumni</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-resources --> <div class="menu-section menu-section--media"> <div class="section-header section-header--menu"> <h2 class="section-heading">Explore</h2> </div> <ul class="menu-list menu-media-list menu-media--main"> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/news/" class="menu-item-link">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/events/" class="menu-item-link">Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/exhibitions/" class="menu-item-link">Exhibitions</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/publications/" class="menu-item-link">Publications</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/podcasts/" class="menu-item-link">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/projects/" class="menu-item-link">Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item"><a href="/topics/" class="menu-item-link">Topics</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-media --> </div> <!-- /.menu-inner --> </nav> <section id="search" class="l--search site-nav--panel" tabindex="-1"> <span class="close-nav-menu" tabindex="0"></span> <div class="search-inner"> <div class="search__filter-wrapper menu-search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search__filters" action="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu" id="main_search"> <fieldset class="search__fieldset"> <input class="search__text-input" type="search" name="s" id="s" size="15" placeholder="Search site" /> <button class="search__submit-button" type="submit" value=""><span class="visually-hidden">Submit </span>Search</button> </fieldset> </form> </div> <!-- /.search__filter-wrapper --> </div> </section> <span class="menu-overlay"></span> </div> </div> <!-- /.header-inner --> </header> <!-- /.l--header --> <section class="l--content" id="main" role="main"> <header class="base-header base-header--has-photo "> <div class="base-header-inner "> <div class="base-header-title "> <h1 class="base-header__heading "> The Department of Landscape Architecture </h1> </div> <!-- /.base-header-title --> <div class="hero-container hero__center-layout "> <figure class="hero-figure "> <img class="hero-image " src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Vartanyan_Oteiza_Altiplano-Transect_Fall22-RESIZED-1200x0-c-default.jpg" /> </figure> </div> <div class="base-header-bottom "> <p class="hero-caption">River, Basin, and Territorial Transects, Rio Cuatlaco, Hidalgo, Mexico. Credit: Arty Vartanyan (MLA I AP/MLAUD '23), Angelica Oteiza (MLA I AP '23)</p> </div> <!-- /.event-header-bottom-inner --> </div> <!-- /.base-header-inner --> </header> <div class="base-inner guide-inner"> <div class="l--main"> <div class="base-main-inner"> <p class="base-intro guide-intro">The Department of Landscape Architecture at Harvard is home to the oldest and most distinguished academic program in landscape architecture in the world. Its mission is to advance research and innovative design practices in the natural and built environments, as they intersect with processes of urbanization and the present realities of a changing climate. </p> </div> <!-- /.base-main-inner --> </div> <!-- /.l--main --> <aside class="l--aside l--left"> <div class="base-left-inner aside-inner"> <div class="widget widget_bu_pages"><div id="contentnav"><ul id="contentnavlist"> <li class="page_item page-item-7151 first_item"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/administration/">Administration</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-7134"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/accreditation/">Accreditation</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-7125 has_children"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/fellowships-prizes-and-travel-programs/">Fellowships, Prizes, &amp; Travel Programs</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-16056"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/people/faculty/?search=&#038;department=landscape-architecture&#038;research_area=&#038;affiliation=">Faculty</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-16057"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/courses/?search=&#038;department=landscape-architecture">Courses</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-2441176"> <a class="level_1" href="http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/events/all/?event_type=&#038;event_series=&#038;department=landscape-architecture&#038;starts=&#038;show=upcoming">Events</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-2466575"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.instagram.com/gsd_mla/" target="_blank">Social Media</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-16054"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/projects/?project_type=&#038;department=landscape-architecture&#038;affiliation=">Projects</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-2595640"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/landscape-architecture-in-a-changing-climate/">Landscape Architecture in a Changing Climate</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-16055 last_item"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/resources/?resource_audience=&#038;resource_type=&#038;office=landscape-architecture">Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <!-- /.aside-inner --> </aside> <!-- /.l--left-aside --> <aside class="l--aside l--right"> <div class="aside-inner base-right-inner"> <div class="aside-actions"> <ul class="aside-list aside-list--actions"> <li class="actions-item"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/admissions/" class="actions-item-link" >Apply</a></li> <li class="actions-item"><a href="https://admissions.gsd.harvard.edu/register/inquiry" class="actions-item-link" target="_blank" >Inquire</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.menu-actions --> </div> <!-- /.base-left-inner --> </aside> <!-- /.l--right --> </div> <!-- /.base-inner --> <div class="section-header"> <h2 id="program-streams" class="section-heading">Program Streams</h2> </div> <!-- /.section-header --> <div class="base-inner program-inner"> <div class="program-container"> <ul class="program-list program-list--3"> <li class="program-list__item"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/master-in-landscape-architecture-i/" class="program-list__item--link"> <h2 class="program-list__heading"><span class="program-list__heading--abbreviation">MLA I</span> <span class="program-list__heading--title">Master in Landscape Architecture I</span></h2> <p class="program-list__description">The program stream leading to the Master in Landscape Architecture, an accredited professional degree, is intended for individuals who have completed a bachelor's degree with a major other than one of the design professions. </p> </a> </li> <li class="program-list__item"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/master-in-landscape-architecture-i-ap/" class="program-list__item--link"> <h2 class="program-list__heading"><span class="program-list__heading--abbreviation">MLA I AP</span> <span class="program-list__heading--title">Master in Landscape Architecture I AP</span></h2> <p class="program-list__description">Individuals who hold an accredited professional degree in architecture, or a pre-professional undergraduate degree in landscape architecture or architecture, and a strong design portfolio, may be granted advanced standing of up to two semesters, completing the MLA I in two years. </p> </a> </li> <li class="program-list__item"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/master-in-landscape-architecture-ii/" class="program-list__item--link"> <h2 class="program-list__heading"><span class="program-list__heading--abbreviation">MLA II</span> <span class="program-list__heading--title">Master in Landscape Architecture II</span></h2> <p class="program-list__description">Individuals who hold an accredited undergraduate professional bachelor of landscape architecture, or its equivalent as judged by the admissions committee, may enroll in the MLA II program stream, completing the accredited MLA in two years. </p> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.program-container --> </div> <!-- /.base-inner --> <div class="section-header"> <h2 id="inside-landscape-architecture" class="section-heading">Inside Landscape Architecture</h2> </div> <!-- /.section-header --> <div class="base-inner"> <div class="l--main" > <div class="base-main-inner"> <div class="base-body dropcap-section"> <p>Since its founding in 1900, it has played a singular role in the development of landscape architecture as a profession, an academic discipline, and as a medium of design that engages urbanism, environmentalism, and culture. The mission of Landscape Architecture at Harvard is to advance research and innovative design practices in the natural and built environments, as they intersect with processes of urbanization and the urgent challenges posed by a changing climate, including widespread environmental and social inequities. Candidates in the Master in Landscape Architecture (MLA) Program work with an internationally recognized faculty, and explore the multiple ways that landscapes positively contribute to the complexities of the contemporary city, to a more equitable distribution of ecological and environmental resources, and to the creation of better futures across all regions of the world.</p> <p>As the challenges of the built environment rarely correspond to traditional disciplinary boundaries, coursework in the MLA Program spans the depth and breadth of the field and enjoys strong pedagogical connections to urban planning, urban design, and architecture. MLA candidates enjoy access to and engagement with the extra-Departmental assets of the Graduate School of Design including a robust <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/events/">calendar</a> of lectures, exhibitions, and events attendant to current design culture across disciplines as well as the Advanced Studies Programs, the Aga Khan Program, the Joint Center for Housing Studies, and the Loeb Fellowship. MLA candidates benefit from proximity to events and discussions in cognate disciplines across campus in the history of art and architecture, ecology, engineering, environment, and the arts. The Department&#8217;s coursework and culture are leavened by a range of institutional assets and resources unique in the discipline including the Harvard Forest, the Arnold Arboretum, the Harvard Center for the Environment, and Dumbarton Oaks.</p> <p>Landscape architecture today enjoys greater cultural relevance, public visibility, and potential for professional leadership than at any time in recent history. The Department has been among the most significant centers in the world for the production and dissemination of landscape knowledge. The Department aspires to be the preeminent venue for the education of landscape architects as they are increasingly called upon as design professionals uniquely capable of representing and responding to the challenges found at the intersection of design culture, urbanization and environment.</p> <p><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/person/gary-r-hilderbrand/">Gary R. Hilderbrand</a>, Peter Louis Hornbeck Professor in Practice of Landscape Architecture &amp; Chair of the Department of Landscape Architecture</p> </div> <!-- /.base-body --> </div> <!-- /.base-main-inner --> </div> <!-- /.l--main --> </div> <!-- /.base-inner --> <div class="content-full-width flexbox-component-content-buttons-inner flexbox-theme--black"> <div class="base-inner"> <div class="l--main"> <div class="base-main-inner"> <div class="base-body "> <h2>Our commitment to climate</h2> <p>Together, we are educating a generation of activist practitioners, theorists, advocates, and more—a virtual army of climate warriors who will lead the charge for regenerative, adaptive ways of reimagining a just and sustainable world.</p> <div class=" align-left"> <ul class="flexbox-component__button-list"> <li class="flexbox-component__button-list-item"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/landscape-architecture/landscape-architecture-in-a-changing-climate/" class="flexbox-component__button-link" target="">Learn more</a> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- / .content-center --> </div> <!-- /.base-body --> </div> <!-- /.base-main-inner --> </div> <!-- /.l--main --> </div> <!-- /.base-inner --> </div> <div class="section-header"> <h2 id="inside-landscape-architecture" class="section-heading">Inside Landscape Architecture</h2> </div> <!-- /.section-header --> <div class="base-inner collection-inner"> <div class="collection__container l--collection-wide-grid" id="collection-landscape-architecture"> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-lg tease-first l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/features/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Features </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/04/shading-sunset-charles-waldheim-on-reimagining-the-streets-of-los-angeles-for-a-warmer-future/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ed-ruscha-sunset-strip-1024x202.jpg" alt="Ed Ruscha "Every Building on the Sunset Strip"" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/04/shading-sunset-charles-waldheim-on-reimagining-the-streets-of-los-angeles-for-a-warmer-future/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Shading Sunset: Charles Waldheim on reimagining the streets of Los Angeles for a warmer future </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">In 1965, Ed Ruscha stood on the bed of a moving pickup truck and photographed&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Apr 19, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/announcements/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Announcements </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/04/department-of-landscape-architecture-announces-2021-penny-white-project-fund-recipients/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Department of Landscape Architecture Announces 2021 Penny White Project Fund Recipients </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">The Harvard University Graduate School of Design’s Department of Landscape Architecture has announced this&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Apr 1, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/interviews/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Interviews </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/03/students-in-dialogue-a-conversation-with-mla-candidate-xinyi-chen/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/xinyi-chen-illustration-with-quote-1024x621.png" alt="portrait of Xinyi Chen next to the quote: "Everyone at the GSD is like a drop of water converging into Gund Hall, which is like an ocean generously absorbing provocative thoughts, debates, and even conflicts. I would like to be that drop of water pushing forward the waves of landscape architecture."" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/03/students-in-dialogue-a-conversation-with-mla-candidate-xinyi-chen/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Students in Dialogue: A conversation with MLA candidate Xinyi Chen </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">Xinyi Chen. Portrait by Chidy Wayne. What is it like to be a Landscape Architecture&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Mar 31, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/news/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> News </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/03/faculty-led-stoss-landscape-urbanism-tapped-to-develop-bostons-first-urban-forest-plan/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/boston-aerial_photo-credit-Alex-Maclean-courtsey-of-Stoss-Landscape-Urbanism_compressed-1024x683.jpg" alt="Aerial view of downtown Boston." class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/03/faculty-led-stoss-landscape-urbanism-tapped-to-develop-bostons-first-urban-forest-plan/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Faculty-led Stoss Landscape Urbanism tapped to develop Boston&#8217;s first Urban Forest Plan </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">Stoss Landscape Urbanism, the design studio founded by Chris Reed,&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Mar 12, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-quote tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/news/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> News </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header base-tease__header--quote"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/03/excerpt-from-pairs-on-the-foundational-spirit-w-e-b-du-boiss-data-portraits-by-sara-zewde-with-kimberley-huggins/" class="base-tease__heading--link">I think Olmsted’s story has implications for what our practice of landscape architecture can be today. I think that looking at the places he visited and taking stock of the changes they’ve undergone, as well as the ways they’ve stayed the same, presents opportunities for considering the potential of contemporary landscape architecture and methods.</a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading base-tease__quote-attriubtion">Sara Zewde</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Mar 12, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/news/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> News </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/01/honoring-landscape-architecture-pioneer-carol-r-johnson-fasla-mla-57/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/merlin_177904563_f3fc0b8c-29b1-447b-9ee1-d6e28005f501-superJumbo-1024x687.jpg" alt="Carol Johnson at John F. Kennedy Park in Cambridge, Mass" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/01/honoring-landscape-architecture-pioneer-carol-r-johnson-fasla-mla-57/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Honoring landscape architecture pioneer Carol R. Johnson, FASLA (MLA ’57) </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">Carol Johnson at John F. Kennedy Park in Cambridge. Courtesy of the Cultural Landscape Foundation.</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Jan 13, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/features/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Features </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/02/silvia-beneditos-new-book-atmosphere-anatomies-explores-weather-climate-and-atmosphere-as-mediums-of-design/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Barragan-2412-1024x683.jpg" alt="Image of man riding bike (silhouette) in front of pink Barragan wall" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/02/silvia-beneditos-new-book-atmosphere-anatomies-explores-weather-climate-and-atmosphere-as-mediums-of-design/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Silvia Benedito&#8217;s new book <em>Atmosphere Anatomies</em> explores weather, climate, and atmosphere as mediums of design </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">Much of modern civilization has been shaped by a fundamental need for shelter, and much&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Feb 23, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-lg l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/profiles/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Profiles </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/01/in-cotton-kingdom-now-sarah-zewde-retraces-frederick-law-olmsteds-route-through-the-southern-states/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/cotton-kingdom-1-1024x640.jpg" alt="Image of scanned Cottom Kingdom map with tracing and labels in red" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/01/in-cotton-kingdom-now-sarah-zewde-retraces-frederick-law-olmsteds-route-through-the-southern-states/" class="base-tease__heading--link">In <em>Cotton Kingdom, Now,</em> Sara Zewde retraces Frederick Law Olmsted’s route through the Southern states </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">“The mountain ranges, the valleys, and the great waters of America, all trend north and&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Jan 13, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/news/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> News </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/01/honoring-landscape-architecture-pioneer-carol-r-johnson-fasla-mla-57/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/merlin_177904563_f3fc0b8c-29b1-447b-9ee1-d6e28005f501-superJumbo-1024x687.jpg" alt="Carol Johnson at John F. Kennedy Park in Cambridge, Mass" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/01/honoring-landscape-architecture-pioneer-carol-r-johnson-fasla-mla-57/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Honoring landscape architecture pioneer Carol R. Johnson, FASLA (MLA ’57) </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">Carol Johnson at John F. Kennedy Park in Cambridge. Courtesy of the Cultural Landscape Foundation.</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Jan 13, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-quote tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/features/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Features </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header base-tease__header--quote"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2021/02/silvia-beneditos-new-book-atmosphere-anatomies-explores-weather-climate-and-atmosphere-as-mediums-of-design/" class="base-tease__heading--link">A paradigm shift must be considered... one that realigns design’s disciplinary inquiry toward the recognition of air and atmosphere as spatial media and the body as an anatomico-physiological sensor in the all-enveloping environment.”</a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading base-tease__quote-attriubtion">Silvia Benedito</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Feb 23, 2021</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-lg l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/features/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Features </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2020/11/hidden-territories-uncovering-the-racist-legacy-of-the-american-landscape/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/j-b-jackson-0463e4a2-5c07-4128-bf7a-b47d4e39add-resize-750.jpg" alt="Image of black and white drawing of American rural landscape" class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2020/11/hidden-territories-uncovering-the-racist-legacy-of-the-american-landscape/" class="base-tease__heading--link">Hidden Territories: Uncovering the racist legacy of the American landscape </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">The term &#8220;landscape&#8221; historically referred to pictures of the world—vistas or views—and so it is&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Nov 20, 2020</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> <article class="l--tease l--post-tease tease-md l--format-default tease-has-thumbnail "> <p class="base-tease__meta-item base-tease__meta-item--category post-tease__meta-item--category"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/category/profiles/" class="base-tease__meta-item--category-link"> Profiles </a> </p> <div class="base-tease-inner post-tease-inner"> <div class="base-tease__image-container"> <a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2020/10/l-blount-mla-17-is-changing-how-we-envision-the-natural-landscape-and-how-people-of-color-are-depicted-within-it/" class="base-tease__image--link base-tease__image--image post-tease__image--link"> <figure class="base-tease__figure post-tease__figure" > <img src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/L-Blount_instagram_2-1024x731.jpg" alt="Collage of adventure magazine covers featuring BIPOC cover stars." class="base-tease__image post-tease__image" > </figure> </a> </div> <!-- ./base-tease__image-container --> <div class="base-tease__text post-tease__text"> <div class="base-tease__header post-tease__header"> <h1 class="base-tease__heading post-tease__heading"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2020/10/l-blount-mla-17-is-changing-how-we-envision-the-natural-landscape-and-how-people-of-color-are-depicted-within-it/" class="base-tease__heading--link">L. Blount (MLA &#8217;17) is changing how we envision the natural landscape—and how people of color are depicted within it </a></h1> <p class="base-tease__subheading post-tease__subheading">Although she graduated from the Harvard Graduate School of Design Master in Landscape Architecture program&hellip;</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__headings --> <div class="base-tease__meta post-tease__meta"> <p class="base-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item post-tease__meta-item--date">Oct 28, 2020</p> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__meta --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease__text --> </div> <!-- /.base-tease-inner --> </article> <!-- /.l--article --> </div> </div> <!-- /.base-inner --> </section> <!-- /.l--content --> <!-- Slideshow --> <section class="base-slideshow"> <div class="base-slideshow-inner"> <div class="slideshow-slides"></div> <div class="slideshow-pagination"> <div class="pagination-previous"> <button class="pagination-previous-link">Prev</button> </div> <div class="pagination-next"> <button class="pagination-next-link">Next</button> </div> </div> <div class="slideshow-close"> <button class="slideshow-close__link">Close Slideshow</button> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="l--footer " id="footer"> <div class="footer-inner"> <a href="#pagetop" class="footer__back-to-top--link ">Back to top <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <svg viewBox="0 0 13 52" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="footer__back-to-top--arrow"> <g> <path d="M30.1464466,25.3535534 L-19.1464466,25.3535534 L-19.6464466,25.3535534 L-19.6464466,26.3535534 L-19.1464466,26.3535534 L30.1464466,26.3535534 L25.5,31 L25.1464466,31.3535534 L25.8535534,32.0606602 L26.2071068,31.7071068 L31.7071068,26.2071068 L32.0606602,25.8535534 L31.4571068,25.25 L31.2071068,25 L26.2071068,20 L25.8535534,19.6464466 L25.1464466,20.3535534 L25.5,20.7071068 L30.1464466,25.3535534 Z" id="arrow" transform="translate(6.207107, 25.853553) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-6.207107, -25.853553) "></path> </g> </g> </svg> </a> <div class="l--subfooter"> <nav class="subfooter-general"> <ul class="subfooter-general__list"> <li class="subfooter-general__item--logo"><a href="http://www.harvard.edu/" class="subfooter-general__link--logo" title="Harvard University"><svg class="subfooter-general__logo" viewBox="0 0 128 153"> <path class="subfooter-general__logo-fill" fill="currentColor" opacity="0.3" d="M1.9,25.5c0.4,1.2,1,2.1,2.3,2.5c1.1,0.3,1.4,1.2,1.3,2.2c-0.4,3.2-0.3,3.3,3,3.3c3.4,0.1,6.8,0.1,10.3,0.3 c0.8,0.1,1.5,0.9,2.3,1.2c0.7,0.3,1.4,0.2,1.8-0.4c0.8-1.2,1.8-1.2,3-1.2c3.5,0.1,6.9,0,10.4,0c1.2,0,1.5-0.6,1.6-1.6 c0.1-0.5,0.1-1,0-1.5c-0.3-1.5,0.4-2.2,1.9-2.2c1.4,0,1.6-1,1.7-2.1c0.1-1.2-0.8-1.8-1.8-1.8c-1.2-0.1-1.8-0.4-1.6-1.8 c0.1-1.7,0.1-3.5,0-5.2c-0.1-1.3,0.3-1.8,1.6-1.8c1.1,0,1.9-0.6,1.8-1.7c0-1.1-0.7-2-2-2.1c-1.1-0.1-1.5-0.5-1.5-1.6 C38,5.9,38.7,6,33.7,5.9c-3.3,0-6.9-0.7-10,0.6c-2.9,1.2-5-0.9-7.6-0.7C12.8,6.2,9.4,5.8,6,6C5.1,6,5.1,7.2,5.2,7.9 c0.2,1.8,0.3,3.4-1.8,4.2c-0.5,0.2-0.8,0.7-1.5,1.3c0-2.1,0-4,0-5.9c0-1.7-0.1-3.4-0.1-5.2c0-0.5,0.1-0.7,0.7-0.7 C11.2,1.7,20,1.7,28.7,1.8c3.2,0,6.3,0.1,9.5,0.1C53.6,2,69.1,2,84.5,2c11.7,0,23.4,0.1,35.2,0.1c1.9,0,3.7,0.1,5.6,0.1 c0.6,0,0.8,0.3,0.7,0.8c-0.5,3.4-0.1,6.8-0.3,10c-3.5-0.3-3.1-3-3.2-5.4c0-0.9-0.5-1.4-1.5-1.4c-4.2,0-8.4-0.5-12.5,0.1 c-5.5,0.8-10.9-0.9-16.3-0.3c-2.3,0.2-3.7,0.6-3.1,3.3c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.3c0.3,1.7-0.3,2.6-2.1,2.6c-1.3,0.1-1.5,1.2-1.5,2.1 c0,1,0.9,1.3,1.8,1.4c1.1,0,1.8,0.4,1.7,1.7c-0.1,1.6-0.1,3.2,0,4.8c0.1,1.6-0.2,2.4-1.9,2.5c-1.4,0.1-2.1,1.2-1.9,2.4 c0.2,1.2,1.3,1.6,2.6,1.4c1.2-0.2,1.3,0.7,1.4,1.6c0,4.1-0.5,3.8,4,3.8c2.4,0,4.7,0,7.1,0c1.5,0,3,0,4.4,1c1.1,0.8,2.2-0.1,3.2-0.6 c0.7-0.3,1.3-0.4,2-0.4c4,0,8-0.1,11.9-0.1c0.7,0,0.9-0.6,0.9-0.9c-0.3-2.6,0.3-4.7,3-5.4c0,2.3-0.3,4.9,0.1,7.4 c0.3,2.5-0.6,2.8-2.8,2.7c-10.9-0.1-21.9-0.1-32.8-0.1c-5.4,0-10.7,0-16.1,0c-6.5,0-13.1-0.1-19.6-0.1c-2.7,0-5.3,0-8,0 c-14,0-27.9-0.2-41.9,0c-2.5,0-1.8-1.5-1.8-2.4C2.5,31.9,2.4,28.6,1.9,25.5z M76.2,33.9c0,0,0,0.1,0,0.1c0.4,0,0.9-0.1,1.3,0 c2.1,0.4,3.2-0.4,2.9-2.6c-0.2-2,0.2-3.2,2.5-3.3c1,0,1.2-1.1,1.1-2c-0.1-0.7-0.5-1.3-1.4-1.5c-0.7-0.2-2.1,0.5-2.2-0.9 c-0.1-2.2-0.1-4.4,0-6.6c0-0.5,0.2-1.1,1-1.2c1.3-0.2,2.7-0.3,2.7-2.2C84,12.1,82.8,12,81.5,12c-0.8,0-1.2-0.5-1.2-1.4 c0.1-2.3,0.8-5-3.3-4.6C73.5,6.3,70,6,66.4,6c-1.2,0-2.1,1.5-3.4,1c-1.9-0.8-3.9-0.6-5.9-0.7c-2.4-0.1-4.8-0.1-7.2-0.3 c-3-0.2-3.7,0.4-3.2,3.2c0.2,1.5,0.1,2.5-1.7,2.5c-1.5,0.1-2.3,0.8-2,2.4c0.2,1.3,1.2,1.7,2.3,1.8c1.2,0.1,1.8,0.6,1.7,1.9 c-0.1,1.5-0.1,3,0,4.5c0.1,1.5-0.4,2.1-1.9,2c-1.2,0-1.8,0.9-1.9,2c-0.1,1.1,0.3,2,1.5,2c2.3,0.1,2.4,1.4,2.1,3.2 c-0.1,0.8-0.1,2,1.1,2.1c1.6,0.2,3.2,0,4.8,0.2c3.5,0.4,7.1-0.5,10.5,1.1c0.3,0.1,0.9,0,1.1-0.2c1.3-0.9,2.8-0.8,4.3-0.8 C71.2,33.9,73.7,33.9,76.2,33.9z M115.1,47.5c-1.6-0.2-2.7,0.4-3.8,1.6c-1.5,1.7-3.2,3.3-4.9,4.9c-4.2,4-8.4,8-12.6,12 c-0.3,0.3-0.3,0.8,0.1,1.1c3.9,3.6,7.8,7.1,11.6,10.8c1.8,1.7,2.8,1.8,4.6-0.1c3.4-3.6,7.1-6.9,10.6-10.3c1-1,2.5-1.7,2.8-3.2 c1-5.2,1.8-10.5,1.8-15.9c0-0.7-0.3-1-0.9-1c-1.8,0-3.5,0-5.3,0C117.7,47.5,116.4,47.6,115.1,47.5z M3.9,62.9 c0.4,2.5,0.3,5.3,2.5,7.3c3.8,3.5,7.6,7.2,11.3,10.8c0.8,0.8,1.5,0.9,2.4,0c2.2-2.2,4.6-4.2,6.9-6.4c1.2-1.1,3.2-2.1,0.8-4.2 c-3.3-2.8-6.4-5.8-9.6-8.8c-4.4-4-8.7-8.1-13.1-12.1c-0.7-0.7-1.5-1.5-2.5-1.5c-0.5,0-0.2,1-0.4,1.8C2.8,53.9,3.2,58.4,3.9,62.9z M43.2,102c2.9-2.8,5.8-5.6,8.8-8.4c0.3-0.3,0.5-0.8,0-1.2c-4.6-4.3-9.2-8.6-13.9-12.8c-0.6-0.6-1.2-2.1-2.5-1 c-2.9,2.5-5.6,5.1-8.4,7.6c-0.7,0.6-1.6,1.2-0.4,2.2c4.9,4.2,9.6,8.5,14.2,13c0.4,0.4,1,0.5,1.5,0.8C42.8,102.2,43,102.2,43.2,102z M62.3,52.7c-2.7,2.4-5.3,4.9-8,7.3c-0.7,0.6-0.7,1.2-0.2,1.7c4.8,4.4,9.7,8.8,14.6,13.2c0.8,0.8,1.5,1,2.4,0 c2.1-2.2,4.4-4.1,6.5-6.3c0.7-0.7,2.7-1.1,1.5-2.7c-1-1.3-2.4-2.2-3.5-3.3c-3.2-2.9-6.4-5.9-9.5-8.9c-0.8-0.7-1.4-1.6-2.8-1.7 C63,52.2,62.6,52.4,62.3,52.7z M58.3,99.8c-2.2,2-4.5,3.9-6.6,6.1c-0.9,1-3.3,1.9-1.5,3.7c3.6,3.7,7.4,7.2,11.1,10.7 c0.7,0.7,1.6,2.2,2.8,1.2c3.1-2.6,6-5.5,9-8.3c0.6-0.6,0.6-1,0-1.6c-3.5-3.1-6.9-6.3-10.4-9.4c-1.1-1-2-2.3-3.5-2.8 C58.8,99.4,58.6,99.6,58.3,99.8z M47.3,136.7c3-2.2,5.6-4.8,8.4-7.2c1.4-1.2,1.1-1.8,0-2.8c-3.9-3.6-7.8-7.2-11.7-10.7 c-0.5-0.5-1.2-1.3-2.2-0.4c-2.5,2.4-5,4.8-7.7,7c-1.5,1.3-1.1,2.3,0,3.4c2.8,2.9,5.7,5.9,8.8,8.5c1.1,0.9,2.2,1.8,3.3,2.7 C46.8,136.9,47.1,136.8,47.3,136.7z M100.3,85.6c-4.2-3.9-8.5-7.9-12.7-11.8c-0.8-0.7-1.4-0.7-2.1,0c-2.5,2.4-5,4.7-7.5,7.1 c-0.6,0.5-1.7,1.1-0.6,2.1c3.9,3.6,7.9,7.3,11.9,10.8c0.8,0.7,1.6,2.1,3,0.9c2-1.8,3.9-3.6,5.8-5.4c0.9-0.9,2.2-1.5,2.6-2.8 C100.8,86,100.6,85.8,100.3,85.6z M42.8,70.6c-1.2,4.2,1.7,8.5,6.4,9.6c7.1,1.7,8.7,4.8,6.1,11.4c-0.2,0.6-0.4,1.2,0.3,1.7 c0.3,0.2,0.7,0.2,1,0c4.5-4.2,8.9-8.3,13.4-12.5c0.5-0.4,0.4-0.9,0.1-1.3c-0.4-0.5-0.8-0.6-1.4-0.2c-1.8,1.1-3.8,2.2-5.9,1.8 c-4.1-0.7-5.8-3.9-7.1-7.4c-1.5-4.3-4.2-6.7-8.2-6.7C45.6,67.5,43.5,68.2,42.8,70.6z M19,52.1c1,4.5,4.1,6.5,8.3,7.4 c4.4,0.9,6.8,3.7,6.7,7.3c0,1.7-1.2,2.9-1.8,4.4c-0.2,0.5-0.2,1,0.3,1.3c0.5,0.3,0.9,0.2,1.3-0.2c4.1-3.8,8.2-7.6,12.4-11.4 c0.7-0.6,1.6-1.2,0.8-2.3c-0.8-1-1.7-0.4-2.4,0.2c-2.6,1.9-6.7,1.6-9.1-0.6c-2.2-2.1-2.9-5-3.8-7.7c-0.8-2.4-2.1-3.8-4.8-3.4 c-1.2,0.2-2.4,0.3-3.4,0C19.9,47.1,18.3,49,19,52.1z M68.6,88.4c-2.2,1.5-3.6,3.4-3,6.3c0.7,3.1,2.9,5.3,6.1,5.8 c5.7,0.8,8.8,6,5.1,10.3c-0.5,0.6-0.5,1.4,0.2,2c0.5,0.4,1,0.5,1.4,0.1c4.3-4.2,8.7-8.4,13-12.6c0.6-0.6,0.4-1.2-0.2-1.7 c-0.5-0.4-1-0.7-1.6,0c-1.4,1.6-3.1,2.6-5.3,2.3c-3.9-0.6-5.2-3.7-6.4-6.8c-1.7-4.8-3.1-6.3-6.7-6.3C70.3,87.7,69.4,87.9,68.6,88.4z M16.9,100.9c3.2,5.3,5.7,10.9,9.6,15.7c0.5,0.6,1,0.7,1.6,0.1c2.3-2.3,4.7-4.6,7.1-6.9c0.7-0.6,1-1.1,0.2-1.9 c-4.3-3.9-8.6-7.9-13-11.8c-0.9-0.8-1.7-2.4-3.1-1.9c-1.6,0.6-2.9,2-3.4,3.4C15.7,99.2,16.4,100,16.9,100.9z M90.2,127.1 c-2.6-2.4-5.2-4.8-7.9-7.1c-0.9-0.8-1.8-2.4-3.2-0.8c-2.5,2.8-5.5,5-8.2,7.7c-0.7,0.7-0.5,1.4,0,1.9c2.4,2.3,4.7,4.6,7.3,6.7 c0.9,0.7,1.7,2.9,3.5,1.2c2.8-2.5,5.5-5.1,8.2-7.6c0.4-0.3,0.7-0.6,0.6-1.2C90.7,127.6,90.5,127.4,90.2,127.1z M76.9,47.4 c-0.8,0-1.7,0-2.5,0c-0.4,0-1,0.1-1.1,0.3c-0.3,0.4,0.2,0.8,0.6,1.1c3.7,3.3,7.3,6.7,11,10c0.6,0.6,1.3,2.2,2.4,1.2 c4.2-3.8,8.3-7.8,12.4-11.7c0.1-0.1,0.3-0.4,0.2-0.5c-0.1-0.1-0.4-0.2-0.6-0.2c-2.6,0-5.2,0-7.8,0c-4.8,0-9.7,0-14.5,0 C76.9,47.4,76.9,47.4,76.9,47.4z M64,149c3-1.4,5.5-3.4,8.2-5.2c1-0.7,0.7-1.2,0.1-1.8c-2.5-2.2-4.9-4.5-7.4-6.6 c-0.5-0.5-1-1.8-2.2-0.6c-2.3,2.3-4.6,4.6-7.1,6.7c-1.7,1.4-1.7,2.3,0.2,3.3c0.4,0.2,0.7,0.6,1.2,0.9c2.1,1.2,4,3.1,6.5,3.7 C63.6,149.2,63.8,149.1,64,149z M87.4,116.2c1.5,2.9,4.4,3.7,7.4,3.8c1.2,0.1,2.4,1.8,3.7-0.1c1-1.6,2.7-2.8,1.1-5 c-0.4-0.6-0.6-1.4-0.8-2.1c-0.9-3.5-3.2-5.4-6.8-5.4C87.8,107.4,85.2,112.1,87.4,116.2z M98.7,102.1c2.2,2.1,4.4,4.2,6.7,6.3 c0.5,0.4,1.1,0.6,1.5,0c1.7-3,3.3-6,4.9-9.1c0.6-1.1,1.3-2.4-0.1-3.5c-0.8-0.7-1.6-1.5-2.5-2.2c-0.7-0.5-1.3-1.8-2.5-0.6 c-2.3,2.1-4.6,4.2-6.9,6.3c-0.6,0.5-1.4,0.9-1.5,2.2C98.2,101.5,98.4,101.8,98.7,102.1z M58.4,45.8c1.2,0,2.5,0,3.7,0 c0.5,0,1.2,0.2,1.2-0.7c0-1.7,0-3.3,0-5c0-0.5-0.4-0.9-0.9-0.9c-3.2-0.1-6.4-0.1-9.6-0.3c-2.3-0.1-4,0.1-3.4,3.1 c0,0.1-0.1,0.2-0.1,0.4c0.2,1.1-0.6,2.9,0.8,3.1c2.7,0.4,5.5,0.1,8.3,0.1C58.4,45.6,58.4,45.7,58.4,45.8z M32.5,44 c0.1-1.3,0-2.6,0-3.9c0-0.7-0.3-1.2-1.1-1.2C28.3,39,25.1,39.1,22,39c-3.4-0.2-3.4-0.3-3.7,3c0,0.1-0.1,0.3-0.1,0.4 c0.3,1-0.8,2.7,0.7,2.9c3.2,0.3,6.4,0.1,10.3,0.1C29.8,44.9,32.2,46.9,32.5,44z M122.9,45.9c1.1-0.1,2.6,0.3,2.6-1.7 c0-1.2,0.1-2.3,0.3-3.5c0.2-1.3-0.4-1.6-1.6-1.6c-2.7,0.1-5.5,0.4-8.2,0.1c-3.4-0.4-4-0.1-4,3.2c0,0.6,0,1.3,0,1.9 c0.1,1,0.3,1.8,1.6,1.7c1.4-0.1,2.9,0,4.3,0C119.6,45.9,121.2,46,122.9,45.9z M91,45.8c0.7,0,1.4-0.1,2,0c1.5,0.3,1.8-0.5,1.7-1.7 c0-1.1-0.1-2.2,0.1-3.3c0.1-1-0.3-1.3-1.1-1.5c-3.9-0.6-7.9,0-11.8-0.1c-0.4,0-0.7,0.1-0.7,0.6c0,1.8,0,3.5,0,5.3 c0,0.3,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.5c3,0,6,0,9,0C91,45.6,91,45.7,91,45.8z M38.8,47.4c-0.3,0.8,0.8,1.3,1.3,1.8c2.1,2,4.2,3.9,6.3,5.8 c0.5,0.4,1,0.4,1.4,0c2.4-2.3,4.8-4.6,7.1-6.9c0.1-0.1,0.2-0.4,0.2-0.5c0-0.1-0.3-0.2-0.5-0.2c-4.6,0-9.1,0-13.7,0 C40.2,47.3,39,46.7,38.8,47.4z M126.3,12.3c-0.8,1.3-0.1,3-1.5,3.2c-1.6,0.3-1.6,1.2-1.6,2.4c0,0.9-0.1,1.8-0.1,2.7 c0.1,1.3-0.4,2.7,0.8,3.8c1,0.8,2,1.6,2.4,2.5C126.3,22.4,126.3,17.6,126.3,12.3z M5.3,21.3c-0.1-0.5,0-1-0.1-1.5 c-0.4-1.8,0.4-4.1-1.9-5.2c-0.5-0.2-0.9-0.8-1.1-0.9c0,3.5,0,7.2,0,10.8C4.4,24.4,5.8,23.8,5.3,21.3z M116.3,87.5 c0.2,0.1,0.7,0.2,0.9-0.2c0.6-1.6,1.3-3.3,1.9-4.9c0.2-0.4,0.6-1,0.1-1.4c-0.5-0.4-0.8,0.3-1.1,0.6c-1.3,1.2-2.8,2.2-3.7,3.9 C114.8,86.5,115.5,87,116.3,87.5z M9.5,50.6c0,0.4,0.2,0.8,0.5,1c0.2,0.2,0.8,0.1,1-0.1c1-0.7,1.9-1.5,2.8-2.4 c0.4-0.4,1.1-1,0.9-1.6c-0.3-0.8-1.1-0.3-1.6-0.4C10.8,47.1,9.5,48.4,9.5,50.6z M10.4,85.5c0,0-0.5,0-0.4,0.4 c0.3,0.8,0.5,1.6,0.8,2.3c0.2,0.4,0.6,0.9,1.1,0.7c0.3-0.1,0.8-0.3,0.8-0.7C12,87.2,11.2,86.4,10.4,85.5z"/> <path class="subfooter-general__logo-lines" fill="currentColor" d="M0,38.3C0,25.6,0,12.8,0,0.1c7.8,0,15.7,0,23.5,0C23.7,0.1,24,0,24.2,0c32.7,0,65.4,0,98.2,0 c1.7,0,3.5,0,5.4,0c0,4.5,0,8.9,0,13.2c0,3.8,0.1,7.5,0.1,11.3c0,5,0.1,9.9,0.1,14.9c0.1,7.6,0,15.2-1.3,22.7 c-1,5.7-1.7,11.4-3.4,16.9c-3.2,10.6-7.7,20.4-13.5,29.8c-3.4,5.5-7.2,10.8-11.3,15.7c-3.9,4.7-8.2,9.2-13,13.1 c-6.1,4.9-12.6,9.3-19.4,13.1c-1.2,0.7-2.3,2.3-4.1,1.2c-4.3-2.6-8.4-5.5-12.3-8.8c-6.9-5.9-13.7-11.8-19.5-18.8 c-6.5-7.8-11.7-16.3-16.5-25.1c-4.1-7.6-7-15.7-9.3-24c-1.6-5.7-3.1-11.5-3.7-17.4C0.4,52.9,0.4,48,0.3,43.2 C0.2,41.5,0.1,39.9,0,38.3z M1.9,25.5c0.5,3.2,0.6,6.4,0.7,9.6c0,1-0.7,2.4,1.8,2.4c14-0.2,27.9,0,41.9,0c2.7,0,5.3,0,8,0 c6.5,0,13.1,0.1,19.6,0.1c5.4,0,10.7,0,16.1,0c10.9,0,21.9-0.1,32.8,0.1c2.2,0,3.1-0.2,2.8-2.7c-0.3-2.5-0.1-5.1-0.1-7.4 c-2.7,0.7-3.4,2.7-3,5.4c0,0.3-0.2,0.9-0.9,0.9c-4,0-8,0.1-11.9,0.1c-0.7,0-1.4,0.1-2,0.4c-1,0.4-2,1.4-3.2,0.6c-1.4-1-2.8-1-4.4-1 c-2.4,0-4.7,0-7.1,0c-4.4,0-3.9,0.3-4-3.8c0-0.9-0.1-1.7-1.4-1.6c-1.2,0.2-2.4-0.2-2.6-1.4c-0.2-1.2,0.5-2.3,1.9-2.4 c1.7-0.1,2.1-0.9,1.9-2.5c-0.1-1.6-0.1-3.2,0-4.8c0.1-1.4-0.6-1.7-1.7-1.7c-0.9,0-1.8-0.4-1.8-1.4c0-0.9,0.2-2,1.5-2.1 c1.8-0.1,2.4-1,2.1-2.6c0-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.3c-0.6-2.7,0.8-3,3.1-3.3c5.5-0.6,10.8,1.1,16.3,0.3c4.1-0.6,8.3-0.1,12.5-0.1 c1,0,1.5,0.5,1.5,1.4c0.1,2.4-0.4,5.2,3.2,5.4c0.2-3.2-0.3-6.6,0.3-10c0.1-0.5-0.1-0.8-0.7-0.8c-1.9,0-3.7-0.1-5.6-0.1 C107.9,2.1,96.2,2.1,84.5,2C69.1,2,53.6,2,38.2,1.9c-3.2,0-6.3-0.1-9.5-0.1C20,1.7,11.2,1.7,2.4,1.7c-0.5,0-0.7,0.2-0.7,0.7 C1.8,4,1.9,5.8,1.9,7.5c0,1.9,0,3.8,0,5.9c0.7-0.6,1-1.1,1.5-1.3c2.1-0.8,1.9-2.4,1.8-4.2C5.1,7.2,5.1,6,6,6 c3.4-0.1,6.8,0.2,10.1-0.1c2.6-0.3,4.7,1.9,7.6,0.7c3.1-1.3,6.6-0.7,10-0.6c5,0.1,4.3,0,4.3,4.3c0,1.1,0.4,1.6,1.5,1.6 c1.3,0.1,1.9,0.9,2,2.1c0,1.1-0.8,1.7-1.8,1.7c-1.3,0-1.7,0.5-1.6,1.8c0.1,1.7,0.1,3.5,0,5.2c-0.1,1.3,0.4,1.7,1.6,1.8 c1,0.1,1.9,0.6,1.8,1.8c0,1.1-0.3,2.1-1.7,2.1c-1.5,0-2.1,0.7-1.9,2.2c0.1,0.5,0.1,1,0,1.5c-0.1,0.9-0.4,1.6-1.6,1.6 c-3.5-0.1-6.9,0-10.4,0c-1.2,0-2.2,0-3,1.2c-0.4,0.6-1.2,0.7-1.8,0.4c-0.8-0.4-1.5-1.2-2.3-1.2c-3.4-0.2-6.8-0.2-10.3-0.3 c-3.3-0.1-3.4-0.1-3-3.3c0.1-1.1-0.1-1.9-1.3-2.2C3,27.6,2.3,26.7,1.9,25.5z M119.1,47.5c-1.3,0-2.6,0.1-3.9,0 c-1.6-0.2-2.7,0.4-3.8,1.6c-1.5,1.7-3.2,3.3-4.9,4.9c-4.2,4-8.4,8-12.6,12c-0.3,0.3-0.3,0.8,0.1,1.1c3.9,3.6,7.8,7.1,11.6,10.8 c1.8,1.7,2.8,1.8,4.6-0.1c3.4-3.6,7.1-6.9,10.6-10.3c1-1,2.5-1.7,2.8-3.2c1-5.2,1.8-10.5,1.8-15.9c0-0.7-0.3-1-0.9-1 C122.6,47.5,120.8,47.5,119.1,47.5z M2.4,49.7c0.5,4.2,0.8,8.7,1.6,13.2c0.4,2.5,0.3,5.3,2.5,7.3c3.8,3.5,7.6,7.2,11.3,10.8 c0.8,0.8,1.5,0.9,2.4,0c2.2-2.2,4.6-4.2,6.9-6.4c1.2-1.1,3.2-2.1,0.8-4.2c-3.3-2.8-6.4-5.8-9.6-8.8c-4.4-4-8.7-8.1-13.1-12.1 c-0.7-0.7-1.5-1.5-2.5-1.5C2.2,47.9,2.5,48.8,2.4,49.7z M42.5,102.4c0.3-0.1,0.5-0.2,0.7-0.4c2.9-2.8,5.8-5.6,8.8-8.4 c0.3-0.3,0.5-0.8,0-1.2c-4.6-4.3-9.2-8.6-13.9-12.8c-0.6-0.6-1.2-2.1-2.5-1c-2.9,2.5-5.6,5.1-8.4,7.6c-0.7,0.6-1.6,1.2-0.4,2.2 c4.9,4.2,9.6,8.5,14.2,13C41.4,101.9,42,102.1,42.5,102.4z M63.2,52.1c-0.2,0.2-0.6,0.4-0.9,0.7c-2.7,2.4-5.3,4.9-8,7.3 c-0.7,0.6-0.7,1.2-0.2,1.7c4.8,4.4,9.7,8.8,14.6,13.2c0.8,0.8,1.5,1,2.4,0c2.1-2.2,4.4-4.1,6.5-6.3c0.7-0.7,2.7-1.1,1.5-2.7 c-1-1.3-2.4-2.2-3.5-3.3c-3.2-2.9-6.4-5.9-9.5-8.9C65.3,53.1,64.6,52.2,63.2,52.1z M59.2,99.4c-0.4,0-0.7,0.2-0.9,0.4 c-2.2,2-4.5,3.9-6.6,6.1c-0.9,1-3.3,1.9-1.5,3.7c3.6,3.7,7.4,7.2,11.1,10.7c0.7,0.7,1.6,2.2,2.8,1.2c3.1-2.6,6-5.5,9-8.3 c0.6-0.6,0.6-1,0-1.6c-3.5-3.1-6.9-6.3-10.4-9.4C61.6,101.2,60.7,99.9,59.2,99.4z M46.3,137.1c0.5-0.2,0.8-0.3,1-0.5 c3-2.2,5.6-4.8,8.4-7.2c1.4-1.2,1.1-1.8,0-2.8c-3.9-3.6-7.8-7.2-11.7-10.7c-0.5-0.5-1.2-1.3-2.2-0.4c-2.5,2.4-5,4.8-7.7,7 c-1.5,1.3-1.1,2.3,0,3.4c2.8,2.9,5.7,5.9,8.8,8.5C44.1,135.3,45.2,136.2,46.3,137.1z M100.7,86.4c0.1-0.4-0.2-0.6-0.4-0.8 c-4.2-3.9-8.5-7.9-12.7-11.8c-0.8-0.7-1.4-0.7-2.1,0c-2.5,2.4-5,4.7-7.5,7.1c-0.6,0.5-1.7,1.1-0.6,2.1c3.9,3.6,7.9,7.3,11.9,10.8 c0.8,0.7,1.6,2.1,3,0.9c2-1.8,3.9-3.6,5.8-5.4C99.1,88.3,100.3,87.7,100.7,86.4z M47.5,67.1c-1.9,0.4-4,1.1-4.7,3.6 c-1.2,4.2,1.7,8.5,6.4,9.6c7.1,1.7,8.7,4.8,6.1,11.4c-0.2,0.6-0.4,1.2,0.3,1.7c0.3,0.2,0.7,0.2,1,0c4.5-4.2,8.9-8.3,13.4-12.5 c0.5-0.4,0.4-0.9,0.1-1.3c-0.4-0.5-0.8-0.6-1.4-0.2c-1.8,1.1-3.8,2.2-5.9,1.8c-4.1-0.7-5.8-3.9-7.1-7.4 C54.2,69.4,51.4,67.1,47.5,67.1z M23.5,47.1c-3.6,0-5.2,1.9-4.5,5c1,4.5,4.1,6.5,8.3,7.4c4.4,0.9,6.8,3.7,6.7,7.3 c0,1.7-1.2,2.9-1.8,4.4c-0.2,0.5-0.2,1,0.3,1.3c0.5,0.3,0.9,0.2,1.3-0.2c4.1-3.8,8.2-7.6,12.4-11.4c0.7-0.6,1.6-1.2,0.8-2.3 c-0.8-1-1.7-0.4-2.4,0.2c-2.6,1.9-6.7,1.6-9.1-0.6c-2.2-2.1-2.9-5-3.8-7.7c-0.8-2.4-2.1-3.8-4.8-3.4C25.7,47.3,24.5,47.4,23.5,47.1z M63.6,80c1.2-0.1,2.4-0.4,3.4-1.1c0.7-0.4,1.3-1,0.4-1.8c-1.2-1-2.4-2-3.6-3.1c-4.4-4-8.8-8.1-13.2-12c-0.8-0.7-1.5-1.9-2.9-0.7 c-4.1,3.6-8,7.4-11.8,11.3c-0.6,0.6-2,1-0.8,2.3c0.7,0.7,1.5,1.3,2.2,1.9c5.1,4.7,10.2,9.4,15.3,14.1c0.7,0.6,1.3,0.7,1.9-0.1 c2.1-3.1,0.3-7.8-3.3-8.6c-4-0.9-7.8-2-9.5-6.3c-1.1-2.7-0.9-5.3,1.1-7.5c1.9-2.2,4.3-3.4,7.2-2.5c4.3,1.2,6.1,4.6,7.4,8.5 C58.5,77.8,61,80,63.6,80z M71.2,87.8c-0.8-0.1-1.8,0.1-2.6,0.6c-2.2,1.5-3.6,3.4-3,6.3c0.7,3.1,2.9,5.3,6.1,5.8 c5.7,0.8,8.8,6,5.1,10.3c-0.5,0.6-0.5,1.4,0.2,2c0.5,0.4,1,0.5,1.4,0.1c4.3-4.2,8.7-8.4,13-12.6c0.6-0.6,0.4-1.2-0.2-1.7 c-0.5-0.4-1-0.7-1.6,0c-1.4,1.6-3.1,2.6-5.3,2.3c-3.9-0.6-5.2-3.7-6.4-6.8C76.1,89.2,74.7,87.8,71.2,87.8z M75.3,80.4 c0.3-0.2,0.6-0.4,0.9-0.7c3.5-3.3,7-6.6,10.5-10c7.2-6.9,14.4-13.9,21.6-20.8c0.3-0.3,0.8-0.8,0.2-1.3c-0.6-0.5-6-0.1-6.6,0.4 c-4.3,4-8.6,8-12.8,12.1c-5.4,5.1-10.8,10.3-16.1,15.5c-0.5,0.5-1.8,1-1.1,1.9C72.7,78.7,73.6,80,75.3,80.4z M76.8,107 c0-2.7-1.4-4.3-4-4.7c-4.8-0.8-9.4-4.7-8.8-9.6c0.5-4.2,5.6-7.4,9.5-5.9c3.7,1.4,4.8,4.8,6,8c1.5,3.9,3.1,5.4,6.2,5 c1.3-0.1,2.4-0.9,3-2c0.3-0.6,0-1.2-0.6-1.7c-4.9-4.4-9.7-8.9-14.6-13.3c-0.7-0.6-1.4-2.1-2.7-1c-1.8,1.5-3.5,3.2-5.2,4.8 c-2.2,2.1-4.4,4.2-6.6,6.3c-1.1,1.1-2.5,2-0.6,3.6c5.2,4.7,10.4,9.5,15.6,14.3c0.4,0.4,1,0.5,1.4,0C76.3,109.4,76.9,108.2,76.8,107z M75.3,141.8c1.1-0.6,2.3-1.1,2.9-2.3c0.5-1-0.6-1.3-1.1-1.8c-4-3.8-7.9-7.7-12-11.5c-5.5-5-11-9.9-16.5-14.8 c-2-1.8-2.8,0.4-3.9,1.2c-0.6,0.5-0.7,1.2-0.1,1.8c1.3,1.3,2.5,2.5,3.8,3.7c7.5,6.9,15.1,13.8,22.7,20.6 C72.3,139.8,73.3,141.4,75.3,141.8z M15.7,97.7c0,1.5,0.7,2.3,1.2,3.2c3.2,5.3,5.7,10.9,9.6,15.7c0.5,0.6,1,0.7,1.6,0.1 c2.3-2.3,4.7-4.6,7.1-6.9c0.7-0.6,1-1.1,0.2-1.9c-4.3-3.9-8.6-7.9-13-11.8c-0.9-0.8-1.7-2.4-3.1-1.9C17.5,94.9,16.2,96.2,15.7,97.7z M40.5,104.5c-0.2-0.5-0.4-0.9-0.7-1.2c-7-6.3-14-12.5-21-18.7c-3.7-3.3-7.2-6.7-10.8-10c-0.4-0.4-0.9-0.9-1.6-0.6 c-0.5,0.2-0.1,0.8,0,1.1c0.7,2.6,0.8,5.7,2.8,7.3c3.6,3,6.8,6.4,10.4,9.6c5.2,4.6,10.2,9.4,15.4,14.1c0.7,0.6,1.3,1.9,2.6,1.4 C38.9,106.8,39.6,105.6,40.5,104.5z M90.6,128c0.1-0.4-0.1-0.6-0.4-0.9c-2.6-2.4-5.2-4.8-7.9-7.1c-0.9-0.8-1.8-2.4-3.2-0.8 c-2.5,2.8-5.5,5-8.2,7.7c-0.7,0.7-0.5,1.4,0,1.9c2.4,2.3,4.7,4.6,7.3,6.7c0.9,0.7,1.7,2.9,3.5,1.2c2.8-2.5,5.5-5.1,8.2-7.6 C90.4,128.9,90.7,128.5,90.6,128z M10.2,17.2c0,3,0,6.1,0,9.1c0,0.9,0.3,1.5,1.4,1.4c2.9-0.2,5.9,0.1,8.8,0.7c0.5,0.1,0.9,0,0.9-0.7 c0-2.7,0.1-5.4,0.1-8.1c0-3.3-0.1-6.6-0.1-9.9c0-1.7-1.1-2.4-2.5-2.6C16.8,7.1,14.9,7.2,13,7c-1.9-0.2-3,0.2-2.8,2.5 C10.4,12.1,10.2,14.7,10.2,17.2z M88.2,71.3c-0.2,1.1,0,1.4,0.3,1.7c7.8,7.1,15.6,14.2,23.3,21.3c1.2,1.1,1.9,1.5,2.8-0.4 c1-2.3,1.2-3.9-1-5.8c-6.8-6-13.4-12.3-20.2-18.5c-0.5-0.5-1-1.6-1.9-1C90.1,69.3,88.7,70.3,88.2,71.3z M97.9,22.5 c1.1-2.4,0.5-5,0.7-7.5c0-0.5-0.2-1.1-0.5-1.6c-0.1-0.1-0.7,0.1-1.1,0.2c-0.3,0.1-0.6,0.6-1,0.2c-0.2-0.2-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.9 c0.3-0.4,0.6-0.7,1.1-0.6c1.5,0.4,3.1,0.2,4.7,0.2c0.4,0,0.8,0.1,0.9,0.4c0.1,0.2-0.1,0.6-0.3,0.8c-0.3,0.3-0.5,0-0.8-0.1 c-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.2-1-0.1c-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.5-0.3,0.8c-0.1,1.9-0.1,3.9-0.2,5.8c0,0.6-0.2,1.1,0.4,1.4c0.6,0.3,1.3,0.3,1.6-0.3 c1.8-3.4,3.5-6.8,3.3-10.8c-0.1-1.5-0.7-2.9-2.3-3c-2.6-0.2-5.2-0.2-7.7-0.3c-0.5,0-1,0.1-1,0.8c0,3.3-0.1,6.6-0.1,9.9 c0,3.2-0.1,6.3-0.1,9.5c0,0.5,0.1,1,0.7,1c3,0.1,5.9,0.2,8.9,0.4c0.8,0,1.1-0.3,1-1c0-2.2,0-4.4,0-6.7c0-0.4,0.2-0.9-0.3-1.1 c-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.1-1,0.3c-0.3,0.5-0.1,0.9,0.1,1.3c0.2,0.3,0.5,0.9,0,0.9C101.7,22.6,99.8,22.5,97.9,22.5z M109.8,22.5 c-0.7,0.4-1.6,0.3-2.4,0c-0.6-0.2-0.1-0.9-0.1-1.4c0-0.7-0.2-1.2-0.9-1.3c-0.4-0.1-0.6,0.3-0.6,0.8c0,2.6-0.1,5.1-0.1,7.7 c0,0.4,0.1,0.7,0.6,0.7c3.2-0.5,6.5-0.1,9.7-0.2c0.6,0,0.8-0.3,0.9-0.8c0.5-3.6,0.3-7.3,0.2-10.9c0-2.6,0-5.2-0.2-7.8 c0-0.6,0.2-1.6-0.9-1.7c-2.1-0.1-4.1-0.1-6.2-0.1c-3,0-4.2,0.9-3.7,3.8C106.7,15,108.1,18.8,109.8,22.5z M54,94.3 c-0.4,0.2-0.7,0.2-0.9,0.4c-2.6,2.4-5.3,4.7-7.9,7.1c-5.1,4.8-10,9.7-15.1,14.5c-1.5,1.4-2.2,2.6-0.5,4.4c1,1.1,1.7,1.6,2.9,0.4 c5.7-5.5,11.4-10.9,17.1-16.3c1.8-1.7,3.6-3.2,5.3-5c0.8-0.8,2.5-1.3,1.8-2.9C56.3,95.7,55,95.2,54,94.3z M76.9,47.5 c0,0,0-0.1,0-0.1c-0.8,0-1.7,0-2.5,0c-0.4,0-1,0.1-1.1,0.3c-0.3,0.4,0.2,0.8,0.6,1.1c3.7,3.3,7.3,6.7,11,10c0.6,0.6,1.3,2.2,2.4,1.2 c4.2-3.8,8.3-7.8,12.4-11.7c0.1-0.1,0.3-0.4,0.2-0.5c-0.1-0.1-0.4-0.2-0.6-0.2c-2.6,0-5.2,0-7.8,0C86.6,47.5,81.7,47.5,76.9,47.5z M22.3,18.1c0,2.9,0,5.8,0,8.8c0,0.9,0.1,1.4,1.4,1.2c1.7-0.3,3.5-0.3,5.2,0c2.6,0.4,3.5-0.1,3.5-2.5c0-5.3,0.1-10.5-0.1-15.8 c0-0.8,0.7-2.3-0.9-2.4c-1.9-0.2-3.8-0.3-5.7-0.3c-2.2,0.1-3.6,1-3.4,3.6C22.4,13.2,22.3,15.6,22.3,18.1z M85.1,113.1 c0-0.1,0.1-0.5,0.1-0.9c0.3-3.3,4.7-6.7,7.9-6.2c4,0.6,6.2,3,7.1,6.8c0.2,0.8,0.5,1.9,1.3,2.2c1,0.3,1.2-0.8,1.7-1.4 c0.6-0.8,2-1.9,1.1-2.8c-2.8-2.9-5.9-5.6-9-8.3c-0.7-0.6-1.4-2.2-2.8-1.2c-4.7,3.6-8.7,7.8-12.9,12c-0.7,0.7-0.7,1.2,0,1.8 c3.2,2.9,6.4,5.9,9.7,8.7c0.9,0.8,1.6,1.9,2.9,2.2c0.7,0.1,3.8-2.7,3.7-3.5c-0.2-1.6-1.6-1.1-2.7-1.2c-0.2,0-0.4-0.1-0.6-0.1 C88.5,120.6,85.1,117.1,85.1,113.1z M63.4,149.3c0.2-0.1,0.5-0.2,0.7-0.3c3-1.4,5.5-3.4,8.2-5.2c1-0.7,0.7-1.2,0.1-1.8 c-2.5-2.2-4.9-4.5-7.4-6.6c-0.5-0.5-1-1.8-2.2-0.6c-2.3,2.3-4.6,4.6-7.1,6.7c-1.7,1.4-1.7,2.3,0.2,3.3c0.4,0.2,0.7,0.6,1.2,0.9 C59,146.9,60.8,148.7,63.4,149.3z M63.7,47.2c-0.5,0.1-1.5-0.2-1.8,0.5c-0.3,0.7,0.5,1.2,1,1.7c5.2,4.8,10.4,9.5,15.6,14.4 c1.5,1.4,2.8,2.5,4.5,0.5c0.8-1,2.9-1.7,0.8-3.6c-3.9-3.4-7.7-7-11.5-10.4c-1-0.9-1.8-2.3-3.2-2.6C67.3,47.4,65.5,47.4,63.7,47.2z M92.1,107.4c-4.3,0-6.8,4.7-4.7,8.8c1.5,2.9,4.4,3.7,7.4,3.8c1.2,0.1,2.4,1.8,3.7-0.1c1-1.6,2.7-2.8,1.1-5 c-0.4-0.6-0.6-1.4-0.8-2.1C97.9,109.3,95.6,107.4,92.1,107.4z M98.2,101.4c0,0.1,0.1,0.4,0.4,0.6c2.2,2.1,4.4,4.2,6.7,6.3 c0.5,0.4,1.1,0.6,1.5,0c1.7-3,3.3-6,4.9-9.1c0.6-1.1,1.3-2.4-0.1-3.5c-0.8-0.7-1.6-1.5-2.5-2.2c-0.7-0.5-1.3-1.8-2.5-0.6 c-2.3,2.1-4.6,4.2-6.9,6.3C99.2,99.8,98.3,100.2,98.2,101.4z M17.7,47.4c-1.6,0.6-2.6,2.2-4,3.3c-1.9,1.5-2.2,2.5-0.1,4.4 c5.2,4.6,10.1,9.6,15.2,14.3c0.6,0.5,1.4,1.6,2.2,0.9c2.2-1.8,2.1-5.1,0.1-7.1c-2.1-2.1-5.1-2.4-7.6-3.7C18.7,57,17,53.1,18.5,48 C18.6,47.6,18.4,47.3,17.7,47.4z M70.3,38.9c0,0,0-0.1,0-0.1c-1.5,0-3,0-4.5,0c-0.6,0-1,0.2-0.9,0.9c0.1,1.5,0,2.9,0,4.4 c0,0.7,0.2,1.3,1,1.3c0.8,0.1,1.7,0.1,2.5,0.1c3.1,0,6.1-0.1,9.2,0.1c1.5,0.1,2.1-0.2,2-1.7c-0.1-1.1,0-2.2-0.2-3.4 c-0.1-0.6,0.2-1.6-0.9-1.6C75.8,38.9,73,38.9,70.3,38.9z M107.9,45.6c0.6-0.3,2.6,1.3,2.6-1.2c0-1.4,0-2.8-0.1-4.2 c0-0.6-0.1-1.2-0.9-1.2c-3.8-0.1-7.7-0.1-11.5-0.1c-1.3,0-2,0.5-1.8,1c0.3,0.9,0.1,1.8,0.1,2.7c0,1.1-1,2.9,1.2,3 C100.8,45.7,104.2,45.6,107.9,45.6z M44.1,45.3c0.7,0,1.5-0.1,2.2,0c1.6,0.3,1.8-0.7,1.9-1.9c0-1.1-0.2-2.2-0.1-3.2 c0.2-1.2-0.4-1.7-1.4-1.7c-3.2,0-6.4,0-9.6,0.2c-0.8,0-2-0.4-2.6,0.4c-1.1,1.6-0.3,3.5-0.6,5.2c-0.1,0.6,0.2,1,0.9,1 C37.9,45.3,41,45.3,44.1,45.3z M58.4,45.6c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.3c1.2,0,2.5,0,3.7,0c0.5,0,1.2,0.2,1.2-0.7c0-1.7,0-3.3,0-5 c0-0.5-0.4-0.9-0.9-0.9c-3.2-0.1-6.4-0.1-9.6-0.3c-2.3-0.1-4,0.1-3.4,3.1c0,0.1-0.1,0.2-0.1,0.4c0.2,1.1-0.6,2.9,0.8,3.1 C52.8,45.8,55.6,45.6,58.4,45.6z M29.2,45.3c0.6-0.4,3,1.6,3.3-1.3c0.1-1.3,0-2.6,0-3.9c0-0.7-0.3-1.2-1.1-1.2 C28.3,39,25.1,39.1,22,39c-3.4-0.2-3.4-0.3-3.7,3c0,0.1-0.1,0.3-0.1,0.4c0.3,1-0.8,2.7,0.7,2.9C22.1,45.5,25.4,45.3,29.2,45.3z M117.9,45.9c1.7,0,3.3,0.1,5,0c1.1-0.1,2.6,0.3,2.6-1.7c0-1.2,0.1-2.3,0.3-3.5c0.2-1.3-0.4-1.6-1.6-1.6c-2.7,0.1-5.5,0.4-8.2,0.1 c-3.4-0.4-4-0.1-4,3.2c0,0.6,0,1.3,0,1.9c0.1,1,0.3,1.8,1.6,1.7C115,45.8,116.5,45.9,117.9,45.9z M91,45.6c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.3 c0.7,0,1.4-0.1,2,0c1.5,0.3,1.8-0.5,1.7-1.7c0-1.1-0.1-2.2,0.1-3.3c0.1-1-0.3-1.3-1.1-1.5c-3.9-0.6-7.9,0-11.8-0.1 c-0.4,0-0.7,0.1-0.7,0.6c0,1.8,0,3.5,0,5.3c0,0.3,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.5C84.9,45.6,87.9,45.6,91,45.6z M12.9,45.2c4,0.1,3.7,0.5,3.7-3.6 c0-0.5,0-1.1,0-1.6c0-0.8-0.4-1.1-1.1-1.1c-3.2-0.1-6.4-0.1-9.6-0.1c-1.7,0-4.1-0.8-3.3,2.6c0,0-0.1,0.1-0.1,0.2 c0.1,1.3-0.7,3.4,1.3,3.6C6.9,45.4,9.9,45.2,12.9,45.2z M122.5,68.4C122.7,68.8,122.7,68.5,122.5,68.4c-0.2-0.1-0.5-0.1-0.6,0.1 c-1.1,0.9-2.3,1.8-3.3,2.8c-2.4,2.3-4.8,4.5-7.1,6.9c-0.8,0.8-2.7,1.4-1.5,3.2c1.7,2.6,2.3,2.7,4.6,0.9c0.5-0.4,1-0.8,1.4-1.2 C119.8,78,122.8,74.3,122.5,68.4z M24,86c0.4-0.2,0.7-0.3,0.9-0.4c2.8-2.6,5.4-5.3,8.3-7.8c1.3-1.1,1-1.9-0.1-2.5 c-1.1-0.7-1.8-3-3.7-1.1c-2.4,2.4-5,4.6-7.4,7c-0.5,0.5-1.4,1.1-0.9,1.9C21.7,84.3,22.8,85.2,24,86z M40.9,47.4 c-0.7-0.1-1.9-0.7-2.1,0c-0.3,0.8,0.8,1.3,1.3,1.8c2.1,2,4.2,3.9,6.3,5.8c0.5,0.4,1,0.4,1.4,0c2.4-2.3,4.8-4.6,7.1-6.9 c0.1-0.1,0.2-0.4,0.2-0.5c0-0.1-0.3-0.2-0.5-0.2C50,47.4,45.5,47.4,40.9,47.4z M68.6,126.1c0.3-0.2,0.8-0.5,1.2-0.8 c2.4-2.3,4.7-4.6,7.1-6.8c0.8-0.8,2-1.6,0.7-2.8c-0.9-0.9-1.8-2.9-3.4-1.7c-2.8,2.3-5.3,4.9-8,7.5c-0.6,0.5-1.6,1.2-1.1,1.9 C66.1,124.4,66.8,125.8,68.6,126.1z M51.9,59.9c0.3-0.2,0.6-0.2,0.7-0.4c2.6-2.5,5.1-5.2,7.8-7.5c2.2-1.8,0.8-2.8-0.5-3.9 c-0.7-0.6-1.5-1.2-2.4-0.4c-2.7,2.4-5.2,4.9-7.9,7.3c-0.7,0.6-1.4,1.3-0.8,2.2C49.7,58.3,50.8,59.1,51.9,59.9z M57.9,129.5 c-0.2,0.1-0.5,0.2-0.7,0.3c-2.8,2.7-5.5,5.4-8.2,8.1c-0.8,0.8-0.3,1.4,0.2,2c0.8,0.8,1.8,2.3,2.9,1.4c3-2.4,5.8-5.1,8.6-7.7 c0.3-0.3,0.8-0.6,0.6-1C60.7,131.1,59.9,129.7,57.9,129.5z M41.1,58.7c0.2,0,0.9-0.1,1.6-0.3c2.1-0.7,2.3-1.6,0.8-3 c-2.3-2.2-4.7-4.3-7-6.4c-1-0.9-2.1-1.6-3.4-1.9c-0.4-0.1-0.8,0-1.1,0.3c-0.3,0.3,0.1,0.6,0.2,0.8c0.5,1.3,1.1,2.5,1.5,3.8 C35.3,57.1,37,58.7,41.1,58.7z M105.2,90.7c-0.1-1.2-1.2-1.7-1.8-2.4c-0.7-0.8-1.5-0.9-2.3,0c-2,1.9-3.9,3.9-6,5.7 c-2.7,2.4-2.6,4,0.6,5.6c0.4,0.2,0.8,0.2,1.1-0.1c2.3-2.2,4.6-4.3,6.8-6.5C104.3,92.3,105.2,91.8,105.2,90.7z M119.2,7.5 c0.7,1.3,0.7,2.7,0.7,4.2c0,6.2,0.1,12.3,0.1,18.5c0,1-0.3,1.9-1.7,1.8c-3-0.1-5.9,0-8.9,0c-0.5,0-1,0.1-1,0.6c0,0.5,0.6,0.6,1,0.6 c3.3,0,6.6-0.2,9.8-0.1c1.7,0,2.5-0.4,2.4-2.3c-0.1-1.3-0.3-3.1,2-3c0.6,0,0.6-0.6,0.6-0.9c0.1-0.3-0.2-0.6-0.6-0.8 c-0.6-0.3-1.6-0.1-1.6-1.1c-0.2-2.9-0.2-5.8-0.4-8.7c0-0.8,0.5-1,1.1-1.1c0.7-0.1,1.6,0.2,1.7-0.8c0.1-1.1-0.9-0.8-1.5-1.1 c-2-0.8-1.1-2.6-1.2-3.9C121.5,7.4,120.9,7,119.2,7.5z M24.1,32.4c3.6,0,7-0.1,10.5,0c1.7,0.1,2.2-0.5,2.2-2.2c0-1.4-0.1-3.1,2.1-3 c0.7,0,1.5-0.2,1.5-1c0-0.7-0.8-0.9-1.5-0.9c-1.3,0-1.9-0.6-1.9-2c0-2.1,0.1-4.2,0-6.3c-0.1-1.9,0.5-2.7,2.4-2.5 c0.5,0,0.9-0.2,1-0.8c0-0.5-0.2-0.9-0.8-0.9c-1.8,0-3.1-0.4-2.7-2.6C37,9.7,37,9.1,37,8.5c0-0.6-0.3-1-0.8-1.2 c-0.4-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.4,0c-0.4,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.5,1c0,0.2,0.2,0.4,0.2,0.6c0.1,2.3,0.1,4.7,0.1,7c0.1,4.1,0.1,8.2,0.1,12.3 c0,1.4,0.8,3.4-2,3.2c-2.6-0.1-5.2-0.2-7.7-0.2C25.4,31.3,24.4,31.1,24.1,32.4z M96.1,32.9c0-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.2c1.9,0,3.7,0,5.6,0 c0.2,0,0.3-0.1,0.5-0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.3-0.5-0.4c-2.8-0.6-5.7-0.2-8.6-0.4c-0.9-0.1-1.9-0.2-1.8-1.6c0.1-1.5,0-3,0-4.5 c0-4.8-0.1-9.7-0.1-14.5c0-1.2,0.1-2.3,0.9-3.3c0.2-0.2,0.2-0.4-0.2-0.6c-1.5-0.5-1.6,0.5-1.7,1.5c-0.1,2,0.6,4.6-2.9,4.5 c-0.2,0-0.7,0.6-0.6,0.8c0.1,0.6,0.8,0.7,1.3,0.6c1.7-0.2,2.2,0.6,2.2,2.2c-0.1,2.3-0.1,4.6,0,6.8c0,1.2-0.4,1.6-1.6,1.8 c-0.9,0.1-2.2,0-2.2,1.1c0,1,1.2,0.8,1.9,0.8c2,0.1,2.2,1.2,1.9,2.8c-0.2,0.9-0.4,2.3,0.9,2.5C92.6,33.1,94.3,32.9,96.1,32.9z M119,17.4c0.1,0,0.2,0,0.3,0c0-2.5,0-5.1,0-7.6c0-0.6-0.3-0.9-0.8-1c-0.3-0.1-0.5,0.2-0.5,0.5c-0.1,1.6-0.2,3.3-0.2,4.9 c0,4.6,0,9.2,0.1,13.8c0,1-0.5,1.4-1.3,1.6c-2.6,0.5-5.3,0-7.9,0c-0.5,0-1.2,0-1.2,0.6c0,0.6,0.7,0.8,1.3,0.8c3.1,0,6.1,0,9.2,0 c0.5,0,1.2,0,1.2-0.8C119,25.9,119,21.6,119,17.4z M33.3,8.2c0,3.1,0,6.2,0,9.2c0,3.6-0.1,7.2-0.1,10.8c0,0.6-0.2,1.1-1,1.1 c-2.8,0-5.6,0.1-8.4,0.1c-0.5,0-0.5,0.3-0.5,0.6c0,0.4,0.3,0.4,0.7,0.4c3.2,0,6.5,0,9.7,0c0.9,0,1.3-0.4,1.3-1.3c-0.1-6,0-12-0.2-18 C34.6,10.2,35.1,8.8,33.3,8.2z M18.6,32c-0.3-0.1-0.5-0.2-0.7-0.2c-3.1-0.6-6.1-0.6-9.2-0.7c-0.7,0-1.5-0.1-1.5-1.1 c-0.1-1.4-0.1-2.7-0.1-4.1c0-4.8,0-9.6,0-14.5c0-1.3-0.3-2.8,1-3.8C8.3,7.4,8,7.1,7.6,7C6.1,6.8,6.5,7.9,6.4,8.7 c-0.2,1.6,0.8,4.1-2.4,3.9c-0.5,0-0.6,0.5-0.5,0.9c0.1,0.4,0.3,0.6,0.8,0.7c0.8,0.1,2-0.1,2,1.3c0,2.3,0.1,4.6,0,6.8 c-0.1,1.1,0.3,2.7-1.7,2.8c-0.6,0-1.3,0.2-1.2,1c0.1,0.7,0.7,0.7,1.3,0.7c0.8,0,1.5,0.2,1.6,1.2c0,0.9-0.2,1.9-0.1,2.8 c0,0.5-0.3,1.3,0.8,1.3c2.8,0,5.5,0.2,8.3,0.2C16.3,32.5,17.4,32.6,18.6,32z M9.3,13.9c-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.3,0c0-1.5,0-3.1,0-4.6 c0-0.3,0.3-1-0.3-1c-0.6,0-0.8,0.6-0.8,1.1c0,6-0.1,12.1,0.1,18.1c0,0.7-1,2.3,1.1,2.5c3.3,0.2,6.6-0.2,9.8,0.5 c0.5,0.1,0.8-0.1,0.9-0.5c0.1-0.6-0.4-0.5-0.7-0.5c-2.7-0.1-5.3-0.2-8-0.2c-1.3,0-1.8-0.7-1.8-1.8C9.3,22.9,9.3,18.4,9.3,13.9z M92.2,19.7c0,0-0.1,0-0.1,0c0,3.2,0,6.4,0,9.7c0,0.4-0.1,1.1,0.4,1.2c3.5,0.2,7,0.3,10.5,0.4c0.5,0,0.8-0.3,0.8-0.7 c0-0.5-0.5-0.4-0.8-0.4c-2.7-0.5-5.4-0.2-8.1-0.3c-0.8,0-1.5-0.3-1.5-1.3c0-2.7-0.1-5.4-0.1-8c0-3.6,0-7.2,0-10.8 c0-0.4-0.1-0.7-0.4-0.7c-0.4-0.1-0.6,0.2-0.6,0.6C92.2,12.8,92.2,16.3,92.2,19.7z M126.3,27c0-4.6,0-9.5,0-14.7 c-0.8,1.3-0.1,3-1.5,3.2c-1.6,0.3-1.6,1.2-1.6,2.4c0,0.9-0.1,1.8-0.1,2.7c0.1,1.3-0.4,2.7,0.8,3.8C124.9,25.4,125.9,26.1,126.3,27z M2.1,24.4c2.2,0,3.7-0.7,3.1-3.1c-0.1-0.5,0-1-0.1-1.5c-0.4-1.8,0.4-4.1-1.9-5.2c-0.5-0.2-0.9-0.8-1.1-0.9 C2.1,17.2,2.1,20.9,2.1,24.4z M17.6,92.3c-0.9-1.3-1.6-2.7-3.3-2.8c-1.1-0.1-1.9,0.6-1.9,1.8c0,1.6,0.6,3.7,1.9,4 C15.5,95.5,16.7,93.6,17.6,92.3z M114.5,85.4c0.3,1.1,1.1,1.6,1.9,2.1c0.2,0.1,0.7,0.2,0.9-0.2c0.6-1.6,1.3-3.3,1.9-4.9 c0.2-0.4,0.6-1,0.1-1.4c-0.5-0.4-0.8,0.3-1.1,0.6C116.8,82.8,115.3,83.8,114.5,85.4z M13,47.1c-2.2,0-3.5,1.3-3.5,3.5 c0,0.4,0.2,0.8,0.5,1c0.2,0.2,0.8,0.1,1-0.1c1-0.7,1.9-1.5,2.8-2.4c0.4-0.4,1.1-1,0.9-1.6C14.4,46.8,13.5,47.2,13,47.1z M103.9,32.5 c0.2,1,0.6,1.7,1.6,1.7c1,0,1.6-0.5,1.6-1.5c-0.1-1-0.5-2-1.6-2C104.6,30.7,104,31.5,103.9,32.5z M21.3,33.9c1.4,0,1.7-0.8,1.7-1.7 c0-0.8-0.2-1.8-1.3-1.7c-1.2,0-1.4,1.2-1.5,2C20.2,33.3,20.6,33.9,21.3,33.9z M7.4,47.1C7,47.4,5.9,46.9,6,47.8 c0.1,1.1,1.2,1.6,2.2,1.8c0.7,0.2,1.1-0.6,1.1-1.2C9.2,47.3,8.4,47.1,7.4,47.1z M12.8,88.2c-0.9-1-1.6-1.9-2.4-2.7 c0,0-0.5,0-0.4,0.4c0.3,0.8,0.5,1.6,0.8,2.3c0.2,0.4,0.6,0.9,1.1,0.7C12.4,88.8,12.9,88.6,12.8,88.2z M105.7,15.9 c-1.2,0.7-1.5,1.7-1.3,2.7c0.1,0.6,1.3,0.7,1.6,0.4C107.1,18,105.7,17,105.7,15.9z M76.2,33.9c-2.5,0-5,0-7.5,0 c-1.5,0-3-0.1-4.3,0.8c-0.3,0.2-0.8,0.3-1.1,0.2c-3.4-1.6-7-0.7-10.5-1.1c-1.6-0.2-3.2,0-4.8-0.2c-1.2-0.1-1.2-1.3-1.1-2.1 c0.2-1.8,0.2-3.1-2.1-3.2c-1.2,0-1.6-0.9-1.5-2c0.1-1.1,0.7-2.1,1.9-2c1.5,0.1,2-0.5,1.9-2c-0.1-1.5-0.1-3,0-4.5 c0.1-1.3-0.5-1.8-1.7-1.9c-1.1-0.1-2.1-0.5-2.3-1.8c-0.2-1.6,0.6-2.3,2-2.4c1.8-0.1,1.9-1.1,1.7-2.5c-0.5-2.8,0.2-3.4,3.2-3.2 c2.4,0.1,4.8,0.2,7.2,0.3c2,0.1,4,0,5.9,0.7c1.3,0.5,2.2-0.9,3.4-1C70,6,73.5,6.3,77,6c4.1-0.4,3.4,2.3,3.3,4.6 c0,0.9,0.4,1.4,1.2,1.4c1.3,0,2.5,0.1,2.6,1.8c0.1,1.9-1.4,2-2.7,2.2c-0.8,0.1-1,0.6-1,1.2c-0.1,2.2-0.1,4.4,0,6.6 c0.1,1.5,1.4,0.7,2.2,0.9c0.9,0.2,1.2,0.8,1.4,1.5c0.2,0.9-0.1,2-1.1,2c-2.3,0.1-2.8,1.3-2.5,3.3c0.3,2.2-0.8,2.9-2.9,2.6 c-0.4-0.1-0.9,0-1.3,0C76.2,34,76.2,34,76.2,33.9z M70.4,7.3c-1,0-1.9-0.1-2.9,0c-1.3,0.2-3,0-3.1,1.8c-0.2,5.9-0.2,11.7-0.2,17.6 c0,0.5-0.4,1.7,0.7,1.8c2.9,0.1,5.8,0.1,8.7,0c0.5,0,1.4,0.3,1.4-0.7c0.1-1.3,0.1-2.7,0.1-4c0-3.9,0.2-7.9,0-11.8 C74.8,6.9,76,7.3,70.4,7.3z M63.2,14.4c0,0,0.1,0,0.1,0c0-1.2,0-2.5,0-3.7c0-1.7-0.6-2.8-2.3-3c-2.4-0.2-4.8-0.3-7.1-0.4 c-1-0.1-1.3,0.4-1.3,1.3c0,4.9-0.1,9.8-0.1,14.8c0,1.4,0,2.7,0,4.1c0,0.5,0.1,0.9,0.8,0.9c2.3,0,4.7-0.3,7,0.2c2.9,0.6,3.2-0.5,3-3 C63,21.8,63.2,18.1,63.2,14.4z M54.5,31.7c-1.1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0c-1.7,0-2.8-0.4-2.5-2.5c0.2-1.4,0-2.9,0-4.3c0-3.6-0.2-7.2-0.1-10.8 c0.1-1.8-0.9-3.8,0.5-5.5C50,8.2,50.2,8,50.4,7.7c-0.5-0.1-1-0.4-1.4-0.3c-1.6,0.4-1,1.9-1,2.8c0.1,1.6,0.1,2.9-2.1,2.7 c-0.7-0.1-1.6-0.1-1.6,0.9c0,0.9,0.9,0.8,1.6,0.9c1.3,0.1,2.2,0.4,2.1,2.1c-0.1,2.2-0.1,4.4,0,6.6c0.1,1.7-0.7,2-2.1,2.1 c-0.6,0-1.6-0.2-1.6,0.8c-0.1,1,0.9,1.1,1.6,1c1.7-0.3,2.1,0.7,2.1,2.1c0,0.7,0,1.5,0,2.2c0,0.6,0.2,0.9,0.7,0.9 c3.7,0.4,7.5,0.2,11.2,0.1c0.2,0,0.7,0.2,0.7-0.3c0-0.5-0.5-0.4-0.9-0.5C57.9,31.2,56,32,54.5,31.7z M65.9,32.8 c4.1,0,7.8-0.1,11.5,0c1.6,0.1,1.8-0.5,1.8-1.9c0-1.6-0.4-3.7,2.3-3.5c0.6,0,1.2-0.2,1.1-0.9c-0.1-0.7-0.8-0.8-1.4-0.8 c-0.8,0-1.5-0.1-1.7-1.1c-0.4-2.4,0-4.8-0.3-7.1c-0.3-2.1,0.4-2.9,2.4-2.8c0.4,0,1.2,0.2,1.2-0.5c0.1-0.9-0.7-1-1.4-1 c-2.3,0.2-2.5-1.1-2.3-2.9c0.1-0.8,0.1-1.7-0.2-2.5C79,7.3,78.1,7,77.7,7.4C76.9,8,78,8.6,78,9.2c0,3.2,0,6.5,0,9.7 c0,3.7,0,7.4,0,11c0,0.8-0.3,1.5-1.1,1.6c-2.7,0.4-5.5,0.2-8.2-0.1C67.7,31.4,66.8,31.6,65.9,32.8z M50.4,20 C50.4,20,50.3,20,50.4,20c-0.1,2.8,0,5.6-0.1,8.4c-0.1,1.9,0.7,2.3,2.4,2.3c2.6,0.1,5.3-0.6,7.9,0.2c0.7,0.2,1.6,0.1,1.5-0.9 c0-0.7-0.8-0.8-1.5-0.8c-2.6,0-5.2,0-7.7,0c-0.6,0-1-0.3-1-0.9c0-2-0.1-4-0.1-6c0-4,0-7.9,0-11.9c0-0.5,0.1-1.3-0.6-1.4 c-0.6-0.1-0.7,0.6-0.7,1.1C50.4,13.4,50.4,16.7,50.4,20z M76.2,24.4c0,1.1,0.1,2.2,0,3.3c0,0.8-0.3,1.6-1.2,1.6 c-3,0.1-5.9,0.2-8.9,0.3c-0.4,0-0.8,0.1-0.7,0.6c0,0.4,0.3,0.9,0.8,0.8c3.1-0.7,6.3,0,9.4-0.2c0.7,0,1.4-0.2,1.4-1.1 c0.1-3.8,0.2-7.6,0.3-11.4c0-2.8,0-5.6,0-8.4c0-0.3,0.1-0.8-0.4-0.9c-0.1,0-0.4,0.2-0.4,0.3c-0.1,0.5-0.2,1.1-0.1,1.6 C76.3,15.4,76.4,19.9,76.2,24.4z M65,31.8c0.1-0.9-0.5-1.6-1.2-1.6c-0.9,0-1.6,0.8-1.6,1.8c0,0.8,0.1,1.8,1.3,1.7 C64.7,33.7,64.9,32.8,65,31.8z M14.8,13.3c0.1-2.4-1.5-1.5-2.6-1.5c-0.3,0-0.6,0.3-0.4,0.7c1.6,2.4,2.3,5.2,3.3,7.8 c0.1,0.3,0,0.9,0.6,0.9c0.6,0.1,0.7-0.5,0.9-0.9c1.2-2.5,1.3-5.6,3.4-7.7c0.1-0.1,0.1-0.7-0.1-0.7c-0.5-0.3-1.1-0.3-1.7-0.1 c-0.2,0.1-0.4,0.4-0.4,0.6c0.7,2.1-0.7,3.7-1.4,5.8C15.8,16.3,14.7,15,14.8,13.3z M116.4,20.4c0.5-2.4-1.4-3.2-2.9-4.3 c-0.9-0.6-2.1-1.5-1.2-2.6c1-1.2,1.6,0.2,2.3,0.8c0.2,0.1,0.5,0.2,0.6,0.1c0.2-0.2,0.3-0.5,0.3-0.8c-0.2-1.8-1.6-1.2-2.5-1.2 c-1.3,0.1-2.2,0.9-2.3,2.3c-0.2,2.2,1.5,3.1,2.9,4c0.8,0.5,1.4,1.2,1.4,2.2c0,0.8-0.7,1.1-1.2,1.2c-1,0.2-1.2-0.8-1.8-1.3 c-0.2-0.2-0.5-0.4-0.8-0.5c-0.1,0.3-0.4,0.6-0.4,0.9c-0.3,2.1,1,1.9,2.2,1.6C115,23,116.1,22,116.4,20.4z M24.6,12.7 c1,2.7,1,5.4,0,8.1c-0.1,0.3-0.4,0.9,0.2,0.9c1.8,0.1,3.6,0.1,5.4,0.1c0.5,0,0.9-0.2,1-0.8c0-0.5,0.1-1.3-0.2-1.6 c-0.3-0.4-0.6,0.4-1,0.6c-1,0.4-2.3,2.1-2.8-0.3c-0.2-0.8-1.3-3.4,1.7-2.3c0.2,0.1,0.6,0,0.6-0.1c0.1-0.5,0.1-1,0.1-1.5 c-0.3,0-0.7-0.1-1,0c-0.6,0.2-1.1,0.4-1.4-0.5c-0.2-1-0.3-2.1,0.3-2.7c0.7-0.7,1.4,0.3,2.2,0.6c0.2,0.1,0.5,0.1,0.8,0.1 c-0.1-0.3,0-0.6-0.2-0.8c-0.8-1.7-2.4-0.8-3.4-1.1C24.7,11.6,24.3,11.9,24.6,12.7z M68.5,19c-0.7,3.5-0.8,3.5,2.2,3.4 c0.3,0,0.6-0.1,0.5-0.4c-1.4-2.3-0.5-4.9-0.7-7.4c0-0.4,0.2-0.8,0.4-1.1c0.2-0.3,0.7-0.6,0.3-1c-0.7-0.7-1.7-0.2-2.5-0.2 c-0.3,0-0.6,0.5-0.4,0.9c0.4,1.1,0.4,2.3,0.4,3.5C68.6,17.5,68.6,18.3,68.5,19z M56.6,19.8c0.6,1.5,0.9,2.9-1.5,2.4 c-0.7-0.1-0.6-0.7-0.5-1.1c0.7-2.7,0.9-5.4-0.1-8.1c-0.1-0.3-0.1-0.6,1.5-0.7c1.8-0.1,3.9-0.6,4.9,1.7c0.5,1.2,0.6,2.5-0.7,3.4 c-0.7,0.5-0.3,1.2,0.1,1.7c0.6,0.8,1.4,1.6,2.1,2.4c0.1,0.1,0.2,0.6,0.1,0.6c-0.7,0.5-1.6,0.6-2.2,0c-0.8-0.8-1.3-1.7-2.1-2.6 c-0.3-0.4-0.7-0.6-1.1-0.9C56.9,18.9,56.8,19.3,56.6,19.8z M59.3,14.4c-0.1-0.3-0.1-1.7-1.5-1.4c-1.9,0.4-0.6,2.2-1.1,3.3 c-0.2,0.4,0.1,1.1,0.7,1.1C58.9,17.4,59.5,16.5,59.3,14.4z"/> </svg> </a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--name"><a href="/" class="subfooter-general__link--name">Harvard University<br> Graduate School of Design</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--copyright"> &copy; 2024 President and Fellows of Harvard College</li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--privacy"><a href="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/privacy-policy/" class="subfooter-general__link--privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--privacy"><a href="https://accessibility.harvard.edu/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" class="subfooter-general__link--privacy">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--privacy"><a href="https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu/digital-accessibility-policy" rel="noopener" target="_blank" class="subfooter-general__link--privacy">Digital Accessibility</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--maps"><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/48+Quincy+St,+Cambridge,+MA+02138/@42.375287,-71.115755,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x89e377441eaee06f:0xa943ec23a74\ 3d437?hl=en" class="subfooter-general__link--maps">Maps</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="/contact-the-gsd" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="/covid19/" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">COVID-19</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#592e3c3b2a2d383f3f193e2a3d7731382b2f382b3d773c3d2c" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">GSD API</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="/digital-governance-policy/" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">Digital Governance Policy</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/copyright-issue/" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">Report Copyright Infringement</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="https://www.harvard.edu/security-issue/" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">Report Security Issue</a></li> <li class="subfooter-general__item--contact"><a href="https://trademark.harvard.edu/pages/trademark-notice" class="subfooter-general__link--contact">Trademark Notice</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="subfooter-social"> <ul class="subfooter-social__list"> <li class="subfooter-social__item"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/HarvardGSD" class="subfooter-social__link">Facebook</a></li> <li class="subfooter-social__item"><a href="http://twitter.com/HarvardGSD" class="subfooter-social__link">Twitter</a></li> <li class="subfooter-social__item"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/TheHarvardGSD" class="subfooter-social__link">YouTube</a></li> <li class="subfooter-social__item"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/edu/school?id=21180" class="subfooter-social__link">LinkedIn</a></li> <li class="subfooter-social__item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/harvardgsd/" class="subfooter-social__link">Instagram</a></li> </ul> <div class="subfooter-signup"> <p>Sign up to receive news and information about upcoming events, exhibitions, and more.</p> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_ie gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><div id='gf_1' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_1' action='/person/christine-smith/#gf_1' data-formid='1' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><li id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-email signup__email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_1'>Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_1' id='input_1_1' type='email' value='' class='medium' placeholder='Email address' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_1' class='gform_button button' value='Subscribe' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_1").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=1&amp;title=&amp;description=&amp;tabindex=0&amp;theme=legacy' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsIjhiMDRmYmIyZDUwZjMxNDBiMDA1ZjVlYzg0ZDE3NDdhIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> <p style="display: none !important;" class="akismet-fields-container" data-prefix="ak_"><label>&#916;<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="82"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_ajax_frame_1' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script type="text/javascript"> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_1').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}} const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_1" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_1"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_1" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [1, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); </script> </div> </nav> <p class="subfooter-version">Version 1.13.0 </p> </div><!-- /.l-subfooter --> </div> </footer> <div class="loading-container"> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="loading__svg"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" class="loading__rectangle" /> </svg> </div> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) snippet added by Site Kit --> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PLR8J8L" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) snippet added by Site Kit --> <script type="text/javascript"> /* MonsterInsights Scroll Tracking */ if ( typeof(jQuery) !== 'undefined' ) { jQuery( document ).ready(function(){ function monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load() { if ( ( typeof(__gaTracker) !== 'undefined' && __gaTracker && __gaTracker.hasOwnProperty( "loaded" ) && __gaTracker.loaded == true ) || ( typeof(__gtagTracker) !== 'undefined' && __gtagTracker ) ) { (function(factory) { factory(jQuery); }(function($) { /* Scroll Depth */ "use strict"; var defaults = { percentage: true }; var $window = $(window), cache = [], scrollEventBound = false, lastPixelDepth = 0; /* * Plugin */ $.scrollDepth = function(options) { var startTime = +new Date(); options = $.extend({}, defaults, options); /* * Functions */ function sendEvent(action, label, scrollDistance, timing) { if ( 'undefined' === typeof MonsterInsightsObject || 'undefined' === typeof MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent ) { return; } var type = 'event'; var eventName = action; var fieldsArray = { event_category : 'Scroll Depth', event_label : label, value : 1, non_interaction: true, send_to: 'UA-80325496-2' }; MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent( type, eventName, fieldsArray ); if (arguments.length > 3) { var type = 'event'; var eventName = 'timing_complete'; fieldsArray = { event_category : 'Scroll Depth', name : action, event_label : label, value : timing, non_interaction: 1, send_to: 'UA-80325496-2' }; MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent( type, eventName, fieldsArray ); } var paramName = action.toLowerCase(); var fieldsArray = { send_to: 'G-XBP2115NM8', non_interaction: true }; fieldsArray[paramName] = label; if (arguments.length > 3) { fieldsArray.scroll_timing = timing MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent('event', 'scroll_depth', fieldsArray); } else { MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent('event', 'scroll_depth', fieldsArray); } } function calculateMarks(docHeight) { return { '25%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.25, 10), '50%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.50, 10), '75%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.75, 10), /* Cushion to trigger 100% event in iOS */ '100%': docHeight - 5 }; } function checkMarks(marks, scrollDistance, timing) { /* Check each active mark */ $.each(marks, function(key, val) { if ( $.inArray(key, cache) === -1 && scrollDistance >= val ) { sendEvent('Percentage', key, scrollDistance, timing); cache.push(key); } }); } function rounded(scrollDistance) { /* Returns String */ return (Math.floor(scrollDistance/250) * 250).toString(); } function init() { bindScrollDepth(); } /* * Public Methods */ /* Reset Scroll Depth with the originally initialized options */ $.scrollDepth.reset = function() { cache = []; lastPixelDepth = 0; $window.off('scroll.scrollDepth'); bindScrollDepth(); }; /* Add DOM elements to be tracked */ $.scrollDepth.addElements = function(elems) { if (typeof elems == "undefined" || !$.isArray(elems)) { return; } $.merge(options.elements, elems); /* If scroll event has been unbound from window, rebind */ if (!scrollEventBound) { bindScrollDepth(); } }; /* Remove DOM elements currently tracked */ $.scrollDepth.removeElements = function(elems) { if (typeof elems == "undefined" || !$.isArray(elems)) { return; } $.each(elems, function(index, elem) { var inElementsArray = $.inArray(elem, options.elements); var inCacheArray = $.inArray(elem, cache); if (inElementsArray != -1) { options.elements.splice(inElementsArray, 1); } if (inCacheArray != -1) { cache.splice(inCacheArray, 1); } }); }; /* * Throttle function borrowed from: * Underscore.js 1.5.2 * http://underscorejs.org * (c) 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors * Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license. */ function throttle(func, wait) { var context, args, result; var timeout = null; var previous = 0; var later = function() { previous = new Date; timeout = null; result = func.apply(context, args); }; return function() { var now = new Date; if (!previous) previous = now; var remaining = wait - (now - previous); context = this; args = arguments; if (remaining <= 0) { clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = null; previous = now; result = func.apply(context, args); } else if (!timeout) { timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining); } return result; }; } /* * Scroll Event */ function bindScrollDepth() { scrollEventBound = true; $window.on('scroll.scrollDepth', throttle(function() { /* * We calculate document and window height on each scroll event to * account for dynamic DOM changes. */ var docHeight = $(document).height(), winHeight = window.innerHeight ? window.innerHeight : $window.height(), scrollDistance = $window.scrollTop() + winHeight, /* Recalculate percentage marks */ marks = calculateMarks(docHeight), /* Timing */ timing = +new Date - startTime; checkMarks(marks, scrollDistance, timing); }, 500)); } init(); }; /* UMD export */ return $.scrollDepth; })); jQuery.scrollDepth(); } else { setTimeout(monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load, 200); } } monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load(); }); } /* End MonsterInsights Scroll Tracking */ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/placeholders.jquery.min.js?ver=2.8.18" id="gform_placeholder-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=54e7080aa7a02c83aa61fae430b9d869" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"59cc9efc2e5e9183b4c1ab56786ccf5a"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/www.gsd.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=bab19fd84843dabc070e73326d787910" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> </section> <!-- /.theme--* --> </div> <!-- /#pjax-container --> <script src="https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/wp-content/themes/gsd-wp-theme/static/js/dist/script.js?ver=1.13.1"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10