CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head > <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1105360502",accountID:"3271734",trustKey:"1322840",xpid:"VwQAUFFQDBABVVFXBQYCXlMG",licenseKey:"NRJS-de4732d74895307f015",applicationID:"1105275877"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="title" content="Home Garden Weed Control | Penn State Extension"/> <meta name="description" content="Expand your knowledge of home garden weed control and management. Find tips and advice on dealing with purple loosestrife, ragweed, and more. Learn more here."/> <meta name="keywords" content="home gardening, weeds, IPM, mulch"/> <meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <title>Home Garden Weed Control | Penn State Extension</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/_cache/merged/f6d26e3ec5d9206da5fabfab16fc5c7a.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/_cache/merged/7976e8301b2dcad892e1910bbdb29d56.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/css/print.min.css" /> <link rel="preload" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/fonts/Luma-Icons.woff2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management/" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/favicon/stores/2/Favicon.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://extension.psu.edu/media/favicon/stores/2/Favicon.png" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="jG4FIBQg6f8wTpfP4xyiJCIDQq810Yv9VwMmAnbPvhQ" /> <meta name="p:domain_verify" content="rILRjFReWXR6YRgJW1gTyCXVFrzzeam2"/>  <script exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template"> (function() { window.__insp = window.__insp || []; __insp.push(['wid', 301749739]); var ldinsp = function(){ if(typeof window.__inspld != "undefined") return; window.__inspld = 1; var insp = document.createElement('script'); insp.type = 'text/javascript'; insp.async = true; insp.id = "inspsync"; insp.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https' : 'http') + '://cdn.inspectlet.com/inspectlet.js?wid=301749739&r=' + Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000); var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(insp, x); }; setTimeout(ldinsp, 0); })(); </script>  <script exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template" nonce="OGJrbWF5dWdtNXlkaW5uY3JwdnVrYmM0NDBiZmxnZ2w="> window.getWpGA4Cookie = function(name) { match = document.cookie.match(new RegExp(name + '=([^;]+)')); if (match) return decodeURIComponent(match[1].replace(/\+/g, ' ')) ; }; window.ga4AllowServices = false; var isCookieRestrictionModeEnabled = 0, currentWebsiteId = 2, cookieRestrictionName = 'user_allowed_save_cookie'; if (isCookieRestrictionModeEnabled) { allowedCookies = window.getWpGA4Cookie(cookieRestrictionName); if (allowedCookies !== undefined) { allowedWebsites = JSON.parse(allowedCookies); if (allowedWebsites[currentWebsiteId] === 1) { window.ga4AllowServices = true; } } } else { window.ga4AllowServices = true; }</script>  <script nonce="OGJrbWF5dWdtNXlkaW5uY3JwdnVrYmM0NDBiZmxnZ2w=" exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template"> if (window.ga4AllowServices) {(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K7J6VNH');}</script>  <script exclude-this-tag="text/x-magento-template" nonce="OGJrbWF5dWdtNXlkaW5uY3JwdnVrYmM0NDBiZmxnZ2w="> if (window.ga4AllowServices) { window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; var dl4Objects = [{"pageName":"Home Garden Weed Control | Penn State Extension","pageType":"category"},{"ecommerce":{"items":[{"item_name":"Dead Nettle, Henbit, and Ground Ivy - Three Look-Alike Weeds","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"34863","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":1},{"item_name":"Second Saturday Gardening Series: Noxious vs. Native Weeds","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"57060","price":"10.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":2},{"item_name":"Pennsylvania's Invasive Plant List \u2013 How it Works","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"64246","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":3},{"item_name":"Neighborly Natural Landscaping in Residential Areas","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5383","price":"1.50","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":4},{"item_name":"Porcelain Berry: An Unwanted Beauty","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"61969","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":5},{"item_name":"Weed Identification and Management","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"60448","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":6},{"item_name":"Sheep Sorrel a Perennial Weed","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"59629","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":7},{"item_name":"Mulch - A Survey of Available Options","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"33536","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":8},{"item_name":"Management of Invasive Knotweed","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"52272","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":9},{"item_name":"Types of Herbicides for Home Fruit Plantings","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5313","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":10},{"item_name":"Hairy Bittercress - A Winter Annual Weed to Watch","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"30349","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":11},{"item_name":"Controlling Japanese Stiltgrass in Your Garden","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"22482","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":12},{"item_name":"Avoiding Invasives: Butterfly Bush","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"6440","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":13},{"item_name":"Weed Control in Home Fruit Plantings","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3938","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":14},{"item_name":"Mulches for Weed Control in Home Fruit Plantings","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"3667","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":15}],"item_list_id":"313","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management"},"event":"view_item_list"},{"ecommerce":{"items":[{"item_name":"Identifying Weeds in Home Fruit Plantings","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5311","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":16},{"item_name":"Home Orchard Calendar","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5162","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":17},{"item_name":"American Burnweed, Erechtites hieraciifolius","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"48481","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":18},{"item_name":"Pests and Pesticides in Home Fruit Plantings","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5146","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":19},{"item_name":"Applying Mulches in Home Fruit Plantings","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"5099","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":20},{"item_name":"Indicator Weeds Provide Insight into Growing a Better Lawn","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"46135","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":21},{"item_name":"Garlic Mustard, a Ubiquitous Invasive Weed","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"46129","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":22},{"item_name":"Bull Thistle Identification and Management","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"4370","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":23},{"item_name":"Pineappleweed","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"4015","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":24},{"item_name":"Henbit\u2014a Common Winter Annual","affiliation":"Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension - Penn State Extension","item_id":"4547","price":"0.00","item_category":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping","item_category2":"Home Gardening","item_category3":"Weed Management","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management","item_list_id":"313","index":25}],"item_list_id":"313","item_list_name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping\/Home Gardening\/Weed Management"},"event":"view_item_list"}]; for (var i in dl4Objects) { window.dataLayer.push({ecommerce: null}); window.dataLayer.push(dl4Objects[i]); } var wpGA4Cookies = ['wp_ga4_user_id','wp_ga4_customerGroup']; wpGA4Cookies.map(function (cookieName) { var cookieValue = window.getWpGA4Cookie(cookieName); if (cookieValue) { var dl4Object = {}; dl4Object[cookieName.replace('wp_ga4_', '')] = cookieValue; window.dataLayer.push(dl4Object); } }); }</script> <link rel="prefetch" as="script" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/magepack/bundle-common.min.js"/> <link rel="prefetch" as="script" href="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/magepack/bundle-category.min.js"/> <meta property="og:type" content="product.group"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Home Garden Weed Control | Penn State Extension"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Expand your knowledge of home garden weed control and management. Find tips and advice on dealing with purple loosestrife, ragweed, and more. Learn more here."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management/"/> <link rel="next" href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management?p=2&tab=default" /> </head><body data-container="body" data-mage-init='{"loaderAjax": {}, "loader": { "icon": "https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/images/loader-2.gif"}}' id="html-body" class="page-with-filter wp-sl page-products categorypath-trees-lawns-and-landscaping-home-gardening-weed-management category-weed-management catalog-category-view page-layout-2columns-left">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K7J6VNH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="cookie-status-message" id="cookie-status">The store will not work correctly when cookies are disabled.</div> <noscript><div class="message global noscript"><div class="content"><p><strong>JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser.</strong> <span> For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser.</span></p></div></div></noscript> <form style="display:none;" class="form" action="https://extension.psu.edu/sociallogin/account/loginPost/" method="post" id="sociallogin-form" data-mage-init='{"validation":{}}' ><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="NxbHdEMJg59GPVs5" /> <input id="sociallogin-referer" name="referer" type="hidden" value="" /><input name="sociallogin-checkout" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="sociallogin-submit" type="submit" value="" /></form><div class="page-wrapper"><div class="page-before-header"> </div><header class="page-header"><div class="header content"> <a class="action skip contentarea" href="#contentarea"><span> Skip to Content</span></a> <a class="logo" href="https://extension.psu.edu/" title="Penn State Extension" aria-label="store logo"><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/images/logo.svg" title="Penn State Extension" alt="Penn State Extension" height="52" width="251" /><img src="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/frontend/BlueAcorn/site/en_US/images/print/logo.svg" title="Penn State Extension" alt="Penn State Extension" class="print" style="display: none" loading="lazy" height="52" width="251" /></a> <span data-action="toggle-nav" class="action nav-toggle"><span>Menu</span></span> <nav aria-labelledby="mainmenulabel" class="main-menu" style="display: none;" data-mage-init='{"mainMenu":{}}'><div class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title main-menu-title">Browse by Category <div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"><ul class="main-menu__list" role="menu"> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-3" >Animals and Livestock</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Animals and Livestock</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-3"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-6" >Dairy</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Dairy</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-6"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-9" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-12" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-15" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-18" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-21" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-24" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-27" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-30" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-54" >Poultry</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Poultry</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-54"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-57" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-60" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-63" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-66" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-69" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-72" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-75" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-78" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/poultry/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-81" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-102" >Beef Cattle</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Beef Cattle</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-102"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-105" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-108" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-111" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-114" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-117" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-120" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-123" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-126" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/beef-cattle/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-129" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-150" >Equine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Equine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-150"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/pasture-and-environment-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-153" >Pasture and Environment Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-156" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-159" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-162" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-165" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-168" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-171" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-174" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-195" >Swine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Swine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-195"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-915" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-927" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2425" >Home Gardening</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Gardening</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2425"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/planting-and-growing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-861" >Planting and Growing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-864" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-867" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-870" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-873" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/eco-friendly-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-876" >Eco-Friendly Gardening</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/pollination-and-bees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-879" >Pollination and Bees</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/landscaping-for-wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-882" >Landscaping for Wildlife</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/animal-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-885" >Animal Control</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2437" >Ornamentals and Floriculture</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Ornamentals and Floriculture</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2437"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-786" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-789" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-792" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-795" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-798" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-801" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-804" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-678" >Trees and Shrubs</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Trees and Shrubs</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-678"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-681" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-684" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-687" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-690" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-693" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-699" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-702" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-729" >Turfgrass and Lawn Care</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Turfgrass and Lawn Care</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-729"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/species-and-cultivars" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-732" >Species and Cultivars</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/establishment-and-renovation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-735" >Establishment and Renovation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/fertility-and-soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-738" >Fertility and Soil Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/cultural-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-741" >Cultural Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-744" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-747" >Weed Identification and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/athletic-fields-and-sports-turf" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-753" >Athletic Fields and Sports Turf</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/golf-course-turf" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-756" >Golf Course Turf</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-762" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/turfgrass-and-lawn-care/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-765" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-948" >Insects, Pests, and Diseases</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Insects, Pests, and Diseases</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-948"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-951" >Pest, Disease and Weed Identification</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pest, Disease and Weed Identification</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-951"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification/insect-identification-and-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-954" >Insect Identification and Control</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification/weed-identification-and-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-957" >Weed Identification and Control</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-disease-and-weed-identification/plant-disease-identification-and-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-960" >Plant Disease Identification and Control</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-984" >Pesticide Applicators</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pesticide Applicators</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-984"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators/certification-and-study-materials" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-987" >Certification and Study Materials</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators/recertification" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-990" >Recertification</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pesticide-applicators/resources-and-best-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-993" >Resources and Best Practices</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1005" >Pest Management and Education</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pest Management and Education</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1005"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education/agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1008" >Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education/public-homeowners" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1011" >Public/Homeowners</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pest-management-and-education/educators-and-teachers" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1014" >Educators and Teachers</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1044" >Pollinators</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pollinators</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1044"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/beekeeping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1047" >Beekeeping</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/habitat-and-landscape" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1050" >Habitat and Landscape</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/identification-and-biology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1053" >Identification and Biology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/pesticides" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1056" >Pesticides</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/pollination-services" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1059" >Pollination Services</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2493" >Vectors</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vectors</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2493"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors/tick-identification-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2496" >Tick Identification and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors/mosquito-identification-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2499" >Mosquito Identification and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/vectors/vector-borne-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2502" >Vector-Borne Diseases</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1077" >Forests and Wildlife</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forests and Wildlife</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1077"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2440" >Forest Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forest Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2440"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/management-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1083" >Management Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/invasive-and-competing-plants" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1086" >Invasive and Competing Plants</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1089" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-management/legacy-planning" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1095" >Legacy Planning</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2443" >Forestry Business and Economics</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forestry Business and Economics</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2443"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/agroforestry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2446" >Agroforestry</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/county-forest-economic-data" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2467" >County Forest Economic Data</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/policy-and-ordinances" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2470" >Policy and Ordinances</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forestry-business-and-economics/timber-market-report" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1122" >Timber Market Report</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1152" >Forest Products</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forest Products</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1152"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/biofuels" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2449" >Biofuels</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/botanicals" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2452" >Botanicals</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/maple-syrup" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2455" >Maple Syrup</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/forest-products/wood-products" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1155" >Wood Products</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1974" >Urban Forestry</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Urban Forestry</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1974"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/community-forest-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2481" >Community Forest Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/tree-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2484" >Tree Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/tree-selection-and-planting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2487" >Tree Selection and Planting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/urban-forestry/municipal-stormwater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2490" >Municipal Stormwater Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1185" >Wildlife</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Wildlife</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1185"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife/habitat-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1188" >Habitat Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife/wildlife-ecology-and-conservation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1194" >Wildlife Ecology and Conservation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forests-and-wildlife/wildlife/wildlife-nuisance-and-damage" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1197" >Wildlife Nuisance and Damage</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1218" >Food Safety and Quality</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Food Safety and Quality</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1218"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1221" >Commercial Food Processing</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Commercial Food Processing</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1221"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/good-manufacturing-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1224" >Good Manufacturing Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1227" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/commercial-food-processing/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1230" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1254" >Dairy Food Processing</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Dairy Food Processing</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1254"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1257" >Business Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/production-and-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1260" >Production and Processing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1263" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/safety-and-sanitation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1266" >Safety and Sanitation</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1281" >Farm Food Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Farm Food Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1281"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety/good-agricultural-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1284" >Good Agricultural Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/farm-food-safety/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1287" >Regulations</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1311" >Food Service and Retail</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Food Service and Retail</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1311"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/food-service-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1314" >Food Service Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/regulations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1317" >Regulations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/food-service-and-retail/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1320" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1344" >Home Food Preservation and Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Food Preservation and Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1344"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety/food-preservation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1347" >Food Preservation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/home-food-preservation-and-safety/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1350" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1374" >Grape and Wine Production</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Grape and Wine Production</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1374"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/grape-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1377" >Grape Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/wine-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1380" >Wine Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/grape-and-wine-production/business-management-and-marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1383" >Business Management and Marketing</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1404" >Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1404"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits/production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1407" >Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/beer-hard-cider-and-distilled-spirits/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1413" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1434" >Water</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Water</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1437" >Drinking and Residential Water</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Drinking and Residential Water</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1437"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/water-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1440" >Water Quality </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/supply-and-conservation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1443" >Supply and Conservation</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/maintenance-and-treatment" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1446" >Maintenance and Treatment</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/drinking-and-residential-water/testing-and-interpretation" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1449" >Testing and Interpretation</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1470" >Pond Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Pond Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1470"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/water-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1473" >Water Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/pond-maintenance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1476" >Pond Maintenance</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1479" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/pond-management/fisheries-wildlife-and-ecology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1482" >Fisheries, Wildlife, and Ecology</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1506" >Urban and Residential Stormwater</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Urban and Residential Stormwater</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1506"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater/water-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1509" >Water Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater/flood-control" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1512" >Flood Control</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/urban-and-residential-stormwater/design-construction-and-maintenance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1515" >Design, Construction, and Maintenance</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1539" >Wastewater Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Wastewater Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1539"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management/private-septic-systems" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1542" >Private Septic Systems</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/wastewater-management/industrial" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1545" >Industrial</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1566" >Water for Agriculture</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Water for Agriculture</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1566"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/conservation-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1569" >Conservation Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/irrigation-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1572" >Irrigation Water</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/livestock-drinking-water" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1575" >Livestock Drinking Water</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/water-for-agriculture/nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1578" >Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1602" >Watershed Protection and Restoration</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Watershed Protection and Restoration</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1602"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration/streams-and-rivers" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1605" >Streams and Rivers</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration/water-quality-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1608" >Water Quality and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/watershed-protection-and-restoration/watershed-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1611" >Watershed Education</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2596" >Conservation Practices and Training</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Conservation Practices and Training</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2596"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training/ag-literacy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2599" >Ag Literacy</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training/conservation-practices" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2602" >Conservation Practices</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water/conservation-practices-and-training/administration-and-funding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2605" >Administration and Funding</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1623" >Energy </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Energy </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1623"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1626" >Marcellus Shale and Natural Gas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Marcellus Shale and Natural Gas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1626"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/landowner-leasing-and-royalties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1629" >Landowner Leasing and Royalties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/economic-and-business-impacts" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2458" >Economic and Business Impacts</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/environmental-impacts" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1632" >Environmental Impacts</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/marcellus-shale-and-natural-gas/municipality-and-government-impacts" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1635" >Municipality and Government Impacts</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1662" >Renewable and Alternative Energy</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Renewable and Alternative Energy</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1662"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy/biofuels" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2461" >Biofuels</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy/energy-use-and-efficiency" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1665" >Energy Use and Efficiency</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/energy/renewable-and-alternative-energy/renewable-energy-resources" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1671" >Renewable Energy Resources</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1692" >Business and Operations</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Business and Operations</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1692"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1695" >Starting a Farm</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Starting a Farm</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1695"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/exploring-farming" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1701" >Exploring Farming</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/starting-a-business" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1704" >Starting a Business</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/introduction-to-agronomy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1707" >Introduction to Agronomy</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/introduction-to-horticulture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1710" >Introduction to Horticulture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/starting-a-farm/introduction-to-livestock" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1713" >Introduction to Livestock</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1737" >Business Management</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Business Management</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1737"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/business-growth" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2464" >Business Growth</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/financial-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1740" >Financial</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1746" >Marketing and Sales</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/insurance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1749" >Risk Management and Insurance</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/transition-and-succession-planning" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1755" >Transition and Succession Planning</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1776" >Human Resources</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Human Resources</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1776"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/labor-relations" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1779" >Labor Relations</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/professional-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1785" >Professional Development</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/volunteer-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1788" >Volunteer Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/human-resources/workforce-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1791" >Workforce Development</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1803" >Land and Equipment</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Land and Equipment</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1803"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment/acquisition-and-leasing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1806" >Acquisition and Leasing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment/emerging-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1809" >Emerging Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/land-and-equipment/maintenance" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1812" >Maintenance</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1827" >Farm Markets</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Farm Markets</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1827"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets/getting-started" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1830" >Getting Started</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets/management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1833" >Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-markets/marketing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1836" >Marketing</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1848" >Farm Safety</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Farm Safety</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1848"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/animal-handling" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1851" >Animal Handling</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/farm-emergency-training" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1854" >Farm Emergency Training</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/farm-equipment-and-structures" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1857" >Farm Equipment and Structures</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/protective-gear" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1860" >Protective Gear</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/youth-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1863" >Youth Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/disaster-preparedness" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1866" >Disaster Preparedness</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/farm-safety/agrability" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1869" >AgrAbility</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1893" >Community Development</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Community Development</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1893"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1896" >Community Planning and Engagement</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Community Planning and Engagement</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1896"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/broadband" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1899" >Broadband</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/community-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1902" >Community Development</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/leadership" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1905" >Leadership</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/local-government" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1908" >Local Government</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/community-planning-and-engagement/volunteer-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1911" >Volunteer Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/economic-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1932" >Economic Development</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Economic Development</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1932"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/economic-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/economic-development/see-all-economic-development" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1935" >See All Economic Development</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/land-use" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1953" >Land Use</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Land Use</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1953"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/land-use" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-development/land-use/see-all-land-use" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1959" >See All Land Use</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-1995" >Youth, Family, and Health</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Youth, Family, and Health</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-1995"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-1998" >Nutrition, Diet, and Health</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Nutrition, Diet, and Health</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1998"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/chronic-disease" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2004" >Chronic Disease</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/food-allergies" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2007" >Food Allergies</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/fitness-and-exercise" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2010" >Fitness and Exercise</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/mental-health" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2475" >Mental Health</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/nutrition-diet-and-health/nutrition-and-food" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2001" >Nutrition and Food</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2064" >Children and Families</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Children and Families</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2064"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/early-childhood-care-and-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2067" >Early Childhood Care and Education</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/family-resiliency" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2073" >Family Resiliency</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/financial-wellness-and-literacy" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2621" >Financial Wellness and Literacy</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/youth-family-and-health/children-and-families/substance-use-education" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2070" >Substance Use Education</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/4-h" data-menu="menu-2477" class="main-menu__inner-link" >4-H Youth Development</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  menu-section-title level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="#" data-menu="menu-2382" class="main-menu__link" >Browse All by Education Format</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Browse All by Education Format</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/articles" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2387" >Articles</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Articles</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/conferences" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2390" >Conferences</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Conferences</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/publications" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2399" >Guides and Publications</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Guides and Publications</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/news" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2393" >News</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>News</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/online-courses" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2396" >Online Courses</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Online Courses</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/tools-and-apps" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2473" >Tools and Apps</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Tools and Apps</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/videos" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2402" >Videos</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Videos</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/webinars" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2405" >Webinars</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Webinars</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item level0"><div data-role="title" class="top-level-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/workshops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-2408" >Workshops</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Workshops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></nav> <div class="block block-search"><div class="block block-title"><strong>Search</strong></div><div class="block block-content"><form id="minisearch-form-top-search" class="form minisearch" action="https://extension.psu.edu/catalogsearch/result/" method="get" ><div class="field search"><label class="label" for="minisearch-input-top-search" data-role="minisearch-label"><span>Search</span></label> <div class="control"><input id="minisearch-input-top-search" type="text" name="q" value="" placeholder="" class="input-text" maxlength="128" role="combobox" aria-haspopup="false" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-expanded="false" autocomplete="off" data-block="autocomplete-form" data-mage-init="{"quickSearch":{"formSelector":"#minisearch-form-top-search","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/search\/ajax\/suggest\/","destinationSelector":"#minisearch-autocomplete-top-search","templates":{"term":{"title":"Search terms","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCore\/autocomplete\/term"},"product":{"title":"Education","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/autocomplete\/product"},"category":{"title":"Categories","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/autocomplete\/category"},"product_attribute":{"title":"Attributes","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/autocomplete\/product-attribute","titleRenderer":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/js\/autocomplete\/product-attribute"},"cms_page":{"title":"Pages","template":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCms\/autocomplete\/cms"}},"priceFormat":{"pattern":"$%s","precision":2,"requiredPrecision":2,"decimalSymbol":".","groupSymbol":",","groupLength":3,"integerRequired":false},"minSearchLength":"2"}}" /><div id="minisearch-autocomplete-top-search" class="search-autocomplete"></div></div></div><div class="actions"><button type="submit" title="Search" class="action search" ><span>Search</span></button></div></form></div></div> <div class="account-dropdown"><span data-mage-init='{"dropdown":{}}' data-toggle="dropdown" class="action toggle" data-action="customer-menu-toggle" aria-label="Toggle Account Menu" role="button" ><span class="label">Account</span></span> <ul data-target="dropdown" class="dropdown-options dropdown" data-bind="scope: 'customHeaderComponent'" aria-label="Account Menu"></ul></div> <div data-block="minicart" class="minicart-wrapper is-slide"><a class="action showcart" href="https://extension.psu.edu/checkout/cart/" data-bind="scope: 'minicart_content'"><span class="text">Cart</span> <span class="counter qty empty" data-bind="css: { empty: !!getCartParam('summary_count') == false && !isLoading() }, blockLoader: isLoading"><span class="counter-number"></span> <span class="counter-label"></span></span></a> <div class="block block-minicart" data-role="dropdownDialog" data-mage-init='{"dropdownDialog":{ "appendTo":"[data-block=minicart]", "triggerTarget":".showcart", "timeout": "2000", "closeOnMouseLeave": false, "closeOnEscape": true, "triggerClass":"active", "bodyClass": "minicart-opened show-overlay", "parentClass":"active", "buttons":[], "ariaLabel": "Shopping Cart" }}'><div id="minicart-content-wrapper" class="minicart-content-wrapper" data-bind="scope: 'minicart_content'"></div></div> </div></div></header><div class="top-container"> </div> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><ul class="items"> <li class="item home"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/" title="Go to Home Page">Home</a> </li> <li class="item category256"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" title="">Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </li> <li class="item category308"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" title="">Home Gardening</a> </li> <li class="item category313"> <strong>Weed Management</strong> </li> </ul></nav> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div><main id="maincontent" class="page-main"> <a id="contentarea" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="parent-category-name">Home Gardening</span> <div class="page-title-wrapper"><h1 class="page-title" id="page-title-heading" aria-labelledby="page-title-heading toolbar-amount" ><span class="base" data-ui-id="page-title-wrapper" >Weed Management</span></h1> </div><div class="page messages"> <div data-placeholder="messages"></div> <div data-bind="scope: 'messages'"><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: cookieMessagesObservable(), as: 'message' }"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: messages().messages, as: 'message' }, afterRender: purgeMessages"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category-view"> <div class="category-description"><p>Weeds are a persistent problem for any home gardener. They compete with garden plants for nutrients, moisture, and sunlight. In this section, you’ll find information on weed management and control of purple loosestrife, ragweed, pokeweed, knotweed, pineappleweed, and poison ivy. Find tips on mulches and integrated pest management.</p> <h2>Garden Weeds: Identification and Management</h2> <p>The official definition of a weed is a plant whose undesirable qualities outweigh its good points. For the home gardener, it’s essential to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-weeds-in-nursery-and-landscape-plantings">control weeds</a> because they can be very unsightly as well as compete with the desirable plants for nutrients, light, and moisture.</p> <p>One increasingly common weed in lawns and landscape beds is <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-japanese-stiltgrass-in-your-garden">Japanese stiltgrass</a>. It is considered an invasive species, along with many others, such as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/second-saturday-the-poison-ivy-king">poison ivy</a>.</p> <p>If you’ve got weeds in your garden, it’s important to know how to manage and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/is-it-a-weed">control them</a>. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/introduction-to-weeds-and-herbicides">Herbicides</a> are an option, but other more environmentally friendly methods can also be used.</p> <p>Mulching is a mechanical method of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-control-in-home-fruit-plantings">weed control</a> that is very effective for <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulches-for-weed-control-in-home-fruit-plantings">home fruit plantings</a>. In the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/fruit-production-for-the-home-gardener">home fruit garden</a>, you can use mulches to eliminate weeds or slow their growth. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulching-landscape-trees">Mulching</a> has the added advantage of improving soil structure and fertility, but <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/learning-how-to-properly-mulch-can-save-your-tree">it does have to be done properly</a> if you want it to be effective.</p> <h2>Invasive Garden Plants</h2> <p>Weeds are a problem, but you’ve got a real problem on your hands when the weed is an invasive species. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/invasive-shrubs-to-avoid">Invasive plants</a> spread quickly because they are not limited by pests, diseases, or predators. They grow and reproduce rapidly, can thrive in a variety of situations, even adverse conditions, and require specific <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/identifying-and-controlling-invasive-plants-in-rural-landscapes">control methods</a>. Before you know it, your garden could be completely taken over. Even desirable plants can <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/containing-garden-thugs">take over areas you did not intend</a>.</p> <p>Here are some invasive plants to be aware of:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/avoiding-invasives-butterfly-bush">Butterfly bush</a>: Originally from Asia, it has no natural predators in the US.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/bull-thistle-identification-and-management">Bull thistle</a>: This biennial can be controlled through regular mowing, but this doesn’t prevent its seeds from blowing into other areas.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/poison-ivy">Poison ivy</a>: This native woody, perennial vine contains resinous compounds called urushiols, causing inflammation, itching, and blistering when in contact with the skin.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-tree-of-heaven-why-it-matters">Tree of heaven</a>: A popular tree with the non-native, invasive spotted lanternfly.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-invasive-japanese-honeysuckle">Japanese honeysuckle</a>: The growth of this invasive, non-native climbing vine is very aggressive and will quickly climb over other desirable plant material.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/wild-carrot-or-queen-annes-lace">Wild carrot</a>: Also known as Queen Anne’s lace, this biennial is not considered a weed by everyone. Hand removal is one option, as is the application of a post-emergent herbicide.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/toxic-weed-in-the-landscape-jimsonweed">Jimsonweed</a>: This invasive species can reach a height of over five feet, and all parts of the plant are poisonous to animals and humans.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/multiflora-rose">Multiflora rose</a>: In Pennsylvania, Rosa multiflora is considered an invasive shrub and noxious weed.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/common-pokeweed-identification-and-management">Common pokeweed</a>: In its first year, you can remove it by hand, but once it’s become established, it can be difficult to eradicate due to the size of its taproot.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/be-on-the-lookout-for-invasive-orchids">Invasive orchids</a>: To effectively control Epipactis helleborine, you have to remove all the roots, otherwise new plants will develop from the remaining root tissue.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/poison-hemlock-identification">Poison hemlock</a>: Commonly found along roadsides, fields, and wet areas, this invasive species is poisonous to humans and animals.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulberry-weed">Mulberry weed</a>: This plant resembles the seedling of a mulberry tree but has hairy stems and leaves.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/keep-an-eye-out-for-the-ragweeds">Ragweeds</a>: These are a member of the Aster family and have a history of herbicide resistance.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/carpetweed">Carpetweed</a>: This low-growing multi-shoot annual grows into a circular mat.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pineappleweed">Pineappleweed</a>: This summer or winter annual has flower heads that are rounded and greenish-purple. It also has a distinct odor that resembles a pineapple.</li> </ul> <h2>Garden Weeds: Herbicides Application</h2> <p>You can <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/types-of-herbicides-for-home-fruit-plantings">use herbicides in the home garden</a>, but their usefulness depends on several factors. Understanding the herbicides will help you use them more effectively and safely.</p> <p>You must use the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-proper-herbicide-formulations-to-prevent-damage">proper herbicide formulations</a> if you want to prevent damage to non-target plants. Do you know what the active ingredients are in the herbicide you are using? Are they <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/amines-or-esters-which-should-you-use">amines or esters</a>, for example? Knowing the difference will dramatically increase your weed control.</p> <p>You must also be aware of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/herbicide-drift-and-drift-related-damage">herbicide drift and drift-related damage</a>, especially if you want to avoid the risk of a potential lawsuit. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees">Glyphosate</a> is a systemic herbicide that can take years to break down when over-sprayed onto the bark of young trees.</p> <p>If your spray applications have to be reported to the EPA, you will need to keep a <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spray-record-keeping">record of spray products</a> you used.</p></div> </div><div class="columns"><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init='{"collapsible":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } }}'> <div class="block-title filter-title" data-count="0"><strong data-role="title">Narrow By</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content"> <strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="filter-options" id="narrow-by-list" data-role="content" data-mage-init='{"accordion":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": [0,1,2], "multipleCollapsible": true}}'> <div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title">Education Format</div><div data-role="content" class="filter-options-content"> <div data-bind="scope: 'education_formatFilter'"></div></div></div> <div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title">Application</div><div data-role="content" class="filter-options-content"> <div data-bind="scope: 'home_or_commercialFilter'"></div></div></div> <div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title">Plant Type</div><div data-role="content" class="filter-options-content"> <div data-bind="scope: 'plant_typeFilter'"></div></div></div> <div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title">Author / Instructor</div><div data-role="content" class="filter-options-content"> <div data-bind="scope: 'authorsFilter'"></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div><div class="column main"> <div id="ajaxlogin-popup" data-bind="scope:'ajaxLogin'" style="display: none;"></div><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="NxbHdEMJg59GPVs5" /> <div id="authenticationPopup" data-bind="scope:'authenticationPopup', style: {display: 'none'}">  </div> <div class="toolbar toolbar-products toolbar-top" data-mage-init='{"productListToolbarForm":{"mode":"product_list_mode","direction":"product_list_dir","order":"product_list_order","limit":"product_list_limit","modeDefault":"list","directionDefault":null,"orderDefault":"publish_date","limitDefault":25,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management","formKey":"NxbHdEMJg59GPVs5","post":false}}'> <div class="modes"> <strong class="modes-label" id="modes-label">View as</strong> <strong title="List" class="modes-mode active mode-list" data-value="list"><span>List</span></strong> <a class="modes-mode mode-grid" title="Grid" href="#" data-role="mode-switcher" data-value="grid" id="mode-grid" aria-labelledby="modes-label mode-grid"><span>Grid</span></a> </div> <p class="toolbar-amount" id="toolbar-amount"> Items <span class="toolbar-number">1</span>-<span class="toolbar-number">25</span> of <span class="toolbar-number">38</span> </p> <div class="field limiter"><label class="label" for="limiter"><span>View</span></label> <div class="control"><select id="limiter" data-role="limiter" class="limiter-options"> <option value="10" >10</option> <option value="25" selected="selected" >25</option> <option value="50" >50</option> <option value="100" >100</option></select></div></div> <div class="toolbar-sorter"><span class="sorter-label">Sort by:</span> <div class="brand-dropdown filled"><span class="action toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" data-mage-init='{"dropdown":{}}'><span class="current-order">Date Posted</span></span> <ul class="dropdown" data-target="dropdown"> <li data-role="sorter" data-value="position"><span>Position</span></li> <li data-role="sorter" data-value="name"><span>Product Name</span></li> <li data-role="sorter" data-value="sku"><span>SKU</span></li> <li data-role="sorter" data-value="price"><span>Price</span></li> <li class="selected" data-role="sorter" data-value="publish_date"><span>Date Posted</span></li> <li data-role="sorter" data-value="event_start_date"><span>Start Date</span></li> </ul> <a title="Set Ascending Direction" href="#" class="action sorter-action sort-desc" data-role="direction-switcher" data-value="asc"><span>Set Ascending Direction</span></a> </div></div> </div> <div class="products wrapper list products-list"> <ol class="products list items product-items"> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_34863" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/dead-nettle-henbit-and-ground-ivy-three-look-alike-weeds" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-34863-67b21c83025e6"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/1/313791c2b3f9afc25ed42b4d1e85aead.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/1/313791c2b3f9afc25ed42b4d1e85aead.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/1/313791c2b3f9afc25ed42b4d1e85aead.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Purple dead nettle (Lamium purpureum) Photo credit: Ansel Oommen, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3486367b21c83025e6 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3486367b21c83025e6 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3486367b21c83025e6 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/dead-nettle-henbit-and-ground-ivy-three-look-alike-weeds">Dead Nettle, Henbit, and Ground Ivy - Three Look-Alike Weeds</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Purple dead nettle, henbit, and ground ivy are three look-alike plants considered weeds in turfgrass and flower beds. This article addresses how to manage them.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_57060" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/second-saturday-gardening-series-noxious-vs-native-weeds" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-57060-67b21c8303842"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/6/566e5f585ead1b4f3769a46c61b35956.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/6/566e5f585ead1b4f3769a46c61b35956.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/6/566e5f585ead1b4f3769a46c61b35956.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Second Saturday Gardening Series: Noxious vs. Native Weeds"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5706067b21c8303842 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5706067b21c8303842 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5706067b21c8303842 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="810"></span> Webinars</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="57060" data-price-box="product-id-57060"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-57060" data-price-amount="10" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$10.00</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/second-saturday-gardening-series-noxious-vs-native-weeds">Second Saturday Gardening Series: Noxious vs. Native Weeds</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>09/02/2024</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>1.5</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>On-Demand | Recorded</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Join us to understand the difference between noxious and native weeds, the integral role of native weeds in specific ecosystems, and how managing these distinctions is essential for environmental health and sustainability.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_64246" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvanias-invasive-plant-list-how-it-works" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64246-67b21c8307f13"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/f/ff8078790ca2afcf690894404f9bd789.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/f/ff8078790ca2afcf690894404f9bd789.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/f/ff8078790ca2afcf690894404f9bd789.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica 'Red Baron'). John Ruter, University of Georgia, on Bugwood.org. CC BY-NC"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6424667b21c8307f13 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6424667b21c8307f13 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6424667b21c8307f13 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvanias-invasive-plant-list-how-it-works">Pennsylvania's Invasive Plant List – How it Works</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>8/23/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">What is Pennsylvania's Noxious Weed List and how are plants designated for this list? Find out more below.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5383" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/neighborly-natural-landscaping-in-residential-areas" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5383-67b21c8308fe9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/1/a1454a4ede545bda78c152a2fad4d9e6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/1/a1454a4ede545bda78c152a2fad4d9e6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/1/a1454a4ede545bda78c152a2fad4d9e6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Converting lawn to wildflowers adds color and contrast as well as feeding sites for pollinators"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-538367b21c8308fe9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-538367b21c8308fe9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-538367b21c8308fe9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/neighborly-natural-landscaping-in-residential-areas">Neighborly Natural Landscaping in Residential Areas</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Margaret C. Brittingham, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Homeowners across America are changing the face of the typical American lawn. Learn strategies for the natural landscape homeowner who is looking for neighborly ways to garden for nature.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_61969" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/porcelain-berry-an-unwanted-beauty" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-61969-67b21c830a032"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/5/25d593725810babde57701311d1a0459.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/5/25d593725810babde57701311d1a0459.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/5/25d593725810babde57701311d1a0459.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. Porcelain berry fruit. Nancy Loewenstein, Auburn University, Bugwood.org. CC BY-NC 3.0."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6196967b21c830a032 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6196967b21c830a032 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6196967b21c830a032 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/porcelain-berry-an-unwanted-beauty">Porcelain Berry: An Unwanted Beauty</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Don't be fooled by the porcelain berry's attractive grape-like foliage and bright blue berries. Behind that pretty face is an invasive and aggressive weed.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_60448" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-identification-and-management" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-60448-67b21c830b06a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/4/54366c4249f90451e39af8abace20464.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/4/54366c4249f90451e39af8abace20464.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/4/54366c4249f90451e39af8abace20464.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Weed Identification and Management"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6044867b21c830b06a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6044867b21c830b06a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6044867b21c830b06a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="811"></span> Workshops</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="60448" data-price-box="product-id-60448"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-60448" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price"></span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-identification-and-management">Weed Identification and Management</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>1.5</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Learn how to identify, classify, and control weeds using Integrated Pest Management, and discover their benefits.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_59629" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/sheep-sorrel-a-perennial-weed" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-59629-67b21c830d35b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/9/09abd9e1c6a7d93bde6cbce077fdb7ef.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/9/09abd9e1c6a7d93bde6cbce077fdb7ef.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/9/09abd9e1c6a7d93bde6cbce077fdb7ef.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. Sheep sorrel leaves by Denise D'Aurora, Penn State Master Gardener."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5962967b21c830d35b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5962967b21c830d35b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5962967b21c830d35b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/sheep-sorrel-a-perennial-weed">Sheep Sorrel a Perennial Weed</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This broadleaf weed, commonly found growing in disturbed sites, pastures, meadows, and along roadsides, can be a challenge to control if allowed to take hold in your lawn or garden.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_33536" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulch-a-survey-of-available-options" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-33536-67b21c830e3e4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/2/92e6517ded1f5998ef8cc8869a87d447.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/2/92e6517ded1f5998ef8cc8869a87d447.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/2/92e6517ded1f5998ef8cc8869a87d447.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Straw mulch on peas. Photo credit: Diane Diffenderfer"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3353667b21c830e3e4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3353667b21c830e3e4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3353667b21c830e3e4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulch-a-survey-of-available-options">Mulch - A Survey of Available Options</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Diane Diffenderfer</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">A gardener has many choices when it comes to mulch. This article covers the pros and cons of various types of organic, non-organic, and living mulches.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_52272" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/management-of-invasive-knotweed" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-52272-67b21c830f72e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/d/fd379f9087f83b33aa652f3ed953cbcb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/d/fd379f9087f83b33aa652f3ed953cbcb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/d/fd379f9087f83b33aa652f3ed953cbcb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. Invasive knotweed (Reynoutria spp.) patch along the Upper Delaware River by Joan Jubela, Penn State Master Gardener"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5227267b21c830f72e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5227267b21c830f72e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5227267b21c830f72e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/management-of-invasive-knotweed">Management of Invasive Knotweed</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Invasive knotweed has become a monoculture throughout the Upper Delaware River Valley and much of the Northeast.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5313" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/types-of-herbicides-for-home-fruit-plantings" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5313-67b21c8310864"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/9/d9913e68c8b82cff2d52c580f958fec3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/9/d9913e68c8b82cff2d52c580f958fec3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/9/d9913e68c8b82cff2d52c580f958fec3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Types of Herbicides for Home Fruit Plantings"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-531367b21c8310864 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-531367b21c8310864 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-531367b21c8310864 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/types-of-herbicides-for-home-fruit-plantings">Types of Herbicides for Home Fruit Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The effectiveness of herbicides is largely dependent upon the user. Understanding these materials will help you use them more effectively and safely.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_30349" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/hairy-bittercress-a-winter-annual-weed-to-watch" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-30349-67b21c83119a9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/6/46e7845712f03c98328ed8925421f494.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/6/46e7845712f03c98328ed8925421f494.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/6/46e7845712f03c98328ed8925421f494.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo credit: Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3034967b21c83119a9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3034967b21c83119a9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3034967b21c83119a9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/hairy-bittercress-a-winter-annual-weed-to-watch">Hairy Bittercress - A Winter Annual Weed to Watch</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Hairy bittercress can take hold in thin lawns and landscape beds in fall. Learning how it disperses seed will help you get ahead of this persistent weed.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_22482" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-japanese-stiltgrass-in-your-garden" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-22482-67b21c8312b52"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/6/a64cfff24482147a0d3537b7054e0f82.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/6/a64cfff24482147a0d3537b7054e0f82.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/6/a64cfff24482147a0d3537b7054e0f82.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo credit: Chris Events, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2248267b21c8312b52 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2248267b21c8312b52 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2248267b21c8312b52 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-japanese-stiltgrass-in-your-garden">Controlling Japanese Stiltgrass in Your Garden</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">More and more gardeners are finding that Japanese stiltgrass is overtaking their landscape beds and lawns. This article explains what it is, why it is increasing so fast, and how to control its spread.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_6440" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/avoiding-invasives-butterfly-bush" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-6440-67b21c8313c56"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/e/fe0385c3228bde7e0101a7517b584c35.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/e/fe0385c3228bde7e0101a7517b584c35.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/e/fe0385c3228bde7e0101a7517b584c35.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="USDA map showing where Buddleia is invasive"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-644067b21c8313c56 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-644067b21c8313c56 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-644067b21c8313c56 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/avoiding-invasives-butterfly-bush">Avoiding Invasives: Butterfly Bush</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Constance Schmotzer</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">How could the ever popular butterfly bush possibly be a problem for pollinators when it attracts butterflies and is highly marketed as a "must-have" plant for butterfly gardens?</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3938" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-control-in-home-fruit-plantings" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3938-67b21c8314f7d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/a/eaaa86fefc2af0effc53f55072cf6426.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/a/eaaa86fefc2af0effc53f55072cf6426.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/a/eaaa86fefc2af0effc53f55072cf6426.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Weed Control in Home Fruit Plantings"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-393867b21c8314f7d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-393867b21c8314f7d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-393867b21c8314f7d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-control-in-home-fruit-plantings">Weed Control in Home Fruit Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Rob Crassweller, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Weed control can be accomplished chemically or mechanically. Depending on the situation, each method has its advantages and disadvantages.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3667" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulches-for-weed-control-in-home-fruit-plantings" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3667-67b21c83163f4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/0/d05a8643c852c7e726bce65070a8f644_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/0/d05a8643c852c7e726bce65070a8f644_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/0/d05a8643c852c7e726bce65070a8f644_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Mulches for Weed Control in Home Fruit Plantings"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-366767b21c83163f4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-366767b21c83163f4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-366767b21c83163f4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/mulches-for-weed-control-in-home-fruit-plantings">Mulches for Weed Control in Home Fruit Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">A mulch is any kind of material applied to the soil surface for protection or improvement of the area covered. The value of any mulch material is measured in how well it improves crop quality.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5311" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/identifying-weeds-in-home-fruit-plantings" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5311-67b21c831767f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/c/8ca34e4f7ad92e6dbff6fa213f534096.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/c/8ca34e4f7ad92e6dbff6fa213f534096.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/c/8ca34e4f7ad92e6dbff6fa213f534096.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Identifying Weeds in Home Fruit Plantings"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-531167b21c831767f { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-531167b21c831767f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-531167b21c831767f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/identifying-weeds-in-home-fruit-plantings">Identifying Weeds in Home Fruit Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">To adequately control weeds in the small-scale orchard, you should learn proper weed identification.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5162" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/home-orchard-calendar" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5162-67b21c83189f9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/9827361a00be3fb373198c524a2322dc.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/9827361a00be3fb373198c524a2322dc.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/9827361a00be3fb373198c524a2322dc.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Home Orchard Calendar"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-516267b21c83189f9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-516267b21c83189f9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-516267b21c83189f9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/home-orchard-calendar">Home Orchard Calendar</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Calendar applies to Zone 6, in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Apples bloom generally the last week of April. Adjust timings for other regions.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_48481" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/american-burnweed-erechtites-hieraciifolius" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-48481-67b21c8319d7d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/d/5d8119100736e4ea2a0c2238360fc5cd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/d/5d8119100736e4ea2a0c2238360fc5cd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/d/5d8119100736e4ea2a0c2238360fc5cd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="American burnweed by Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California - Davis on Bugwood.org. CC BY-NC"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-4848167b21c8319d7d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-4848167b21c8319d7d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-4848167b21c8319d7d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/american-burnweed-erechtites-hieraciifolius">American Burnweed, Erechtites hieraciifolius</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">American burnweed is a tall, fast-growing weed that seems to appear overnight. Clumps of multiple stems bearing nondescript flowers with noticeable bracts can make it an unwanted guest in your garden or landscape.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5146" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pests-and-pesticides-in-home-fruit-plantings" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5146-67b21c831b10d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c35b240597246f067e315a356be65e6_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c35b240597246f067e315a356be65e6_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c35b240597246f067e315a356be65e6_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pests and Pesticides in Home Fruit Plantings"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-514667b21c831b10d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-514667b21c831b10d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-514667b21c831b10d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pests-and-pesticides-in-home-fruit-plantings">Pests and Pesticides in Home Fruit Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Kathy Demchak, Rob Crassweller, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Can fruit crops be grown in the home garden without pesticides? The answer is yes, but fruit quantity and quality may decrease.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5099" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/applying-mulches-in-home-fruit-plantings" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5099-67b21c831c494"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81247beb0ded2a69658249b85951b4d6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81247beb0ded2a69658249b85951b4d6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81247beb0ded2a69658249b85951b4d6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Applying Mulches in Home Fruit Plantings"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-509967b21c831c494 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-509967b21c831c494 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-509967b21c831c494 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/applying-mulches-in-home-fruit-plantings">Applying Mulches in Home Fruit Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Donald Seifrit</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Since most mulch materials are applied for weed control, it is important that they be in place before weeds have emerged from the soil.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_46135" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/indicator-weeds-provide-insight-into-growing-a-better-lawn" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-46135-67b21c831d878"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3b883aeaa2988221741237cc7f14a524.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3b883aeaa2988221741237cc7f14a524.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3b883aeaa2988221741237cc7f14a524.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="White clover (Trifolium repens).Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University on Bugwood.org. CC BY 3.0"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-4613567b21c831d878 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-4613567b21c831d878 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-4613567b21c831d878 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/indicator-weeds-provide-insight-into-growing-a-better-lawn">Indicator Weeds Provide Insight into Growing a Better Lawn</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The presence of distinct weed species can indicate rectifiable conditions in your lawn that are optimal for the weed but sub-optimal for the turfgrass.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_46129" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/garlic-mustard-a-ubiquitous-invasive-weed" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-46129-67b21c831ebfc"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/90650262830b52374d46d4f8a6f729e9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/90650262830b52374d46d4f8a6f729e9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/90650262830b52374d46d4f8a6f729e9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Garlic mustard. Photo: Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut on Bugwood.org. CC BY 3.0"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-4612967b21c831ebfc { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-4612967b21c831ebfc span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-4612967b21c831ebfc span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/garlic-mustard-a-ubiquitous-invasive-weed">Garlic Mustard, a Ubiquitous Invasive Weed</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Garlic mustard is an invasive weed. Learn about the characteristics that allowed it to become widespread and the steps you can take to help control this exotic weed.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4370" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/bull-thistle-identification-and-management" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4370-67b21c831ffc6"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/7/375f995545209153d1978fc1c6370e38.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/7/375f995545209153d1978fc1c6370e38.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/7/375f995545209153d1978fc1c6370e38.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo: Loke T. Kok, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org, bull thistle, Cirsium vulgare"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-437067b21c831ffc6 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-437067b21c831ffc6 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-437067b21c831ffc6 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/bull-thistle-identification-and-management">Bull Thistle Identification and Management</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Tim Abbey</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) is a biennial that true to its name, has notable spines. This plant is much different than Canada thistle.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4015" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pineappleweed" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4015-67b21c8321242"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2301.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2301.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_2301.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pineapple-weed (Matricaria discoidea) Photo: John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University, Bugwood.org"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-401567b21c8321242 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-401567b21c8321242 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-401567b21c8321242 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pineappleweed">Pineappleweed</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Tim Abbey</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Pineappleweed can be either a summer or winter annual.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4547" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/henbit-a-common-winter-annual" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4547-67b21c8322629"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/9/c99c250c764c7eec7effdfd2ed9d02cb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/9/c99c250c764c7eec7effdfd2ed9d02cb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/9/c99c250c764c7eec7effdfd2ed9d02cb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo: Robert Vidki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org henbit Lamium amplexicaule"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-454767b21c8322629 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-454767b21c8322629 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-454767b21c8322629 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/henbit-a-common-winter-annual">Henbit—a Common Winter Annual</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Tim Abbey</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), like many of our common weed species, grows in many areas – lawns, landscape plantings, nursery containers, and unmanaged sites.</div> </div></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="toolbar toolbar-products toolbar-bottom" data-mage-init='{"productListToolbarForm":{"mode":"product_list_mode","direction":"product_list_dir","order":"product_list_order","limit":"product_list_limit","modeDefault":"list","directionDefault":null,"orderDefault":"publish_date","limitDefault":25,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management","formKey":"NxbHdEMJg59GPVs5","post":false}}'> <div class="pages"><strong class="label pages-label" id="paging-label">Page</strong> <div class="items pages-items" aria-labelledby="paging-label"><div class="item pages-item-previous"> <a class="action  previous disabled" href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management?tab=default" title="Previous"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>Previous</span></a></div><div class="item pages-item-next"> <a class="action next " href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management?p=2&tab=default" title="Next"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>Next</span></a></div><div class="pages-list"> <div class="item current"><strong class="page"><span class="label">You're currently reading page</span> <span>1</span></strong></div> <div class="item"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management?p=2&tab=default" class="page"><span class="label">Page</span> <span>2</span></a></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div></main> <div class="featured-content__wrapper"><div class="featured-content" data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-slides-to-show="4" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main" role="complementary"><div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">You May Also Be Interested In...</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products-grid products wrapper"><ol class="product-items"> <li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5890-67b21c8331c2f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/49e9543312817c5201bd1688bc77c113.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/49e9543312817c5201bd1688bc77c113.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/49e9543312817c5201bd1688bc77c113.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Acer rubrum Red Sunset® on a commercial site with suspected glyphosate damage. Photo: S. Feather, Penn State"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-589067b21c8331c2f { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-589067b21c8331c2f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-589067b21c8331c2f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Use Glyphosate With Care Near Trees!" href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-glyphosate-with-care-near-trees" class="product-item-link">Use Glyphosate With Care Near Trees!</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Glyphosate is the active ingredient in non-selective, systemic herbicides sold under various trade names – Roundup, Accord, Glypro, and many others.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/fruit-production-for-the-home-gardener" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-6169-67b21c83334af"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_300.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_300.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_300.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Fruit Production for the Home Gardener"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-616967b21c83334af { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-616967b21c83334af span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-616967b21c83334af span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Fruit Production for the Home Gardener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/fruit-production-for-the-home-gardener" class="product-item-link">Fruit Production for the Home Gardener</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Grow your own fruit on a small scale.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/getting-the-best-of-catchweed-bedstraw" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-37162-67b21c8334e79"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/810113522ef5a0106dfb2457648433c5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/810113522ef5a0106dfb2457648433c5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/810113522ef5a0106dfb2457648433c5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo credit: Mary Jo Gibson"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3716267b21c8334e79 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3716267b21c8334e79 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3716267b21c8334e79 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Getting the Best of Catchweed Bedstraw" href="https://extension.psu.edu/getting-the-best-of-catchweed-bedstraw" class="product-item-link">Getting the Best of Catchweed Bedstraw</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Also known as cleavers, grip grass, Velcro plant, sticky weed, sticky willy, and scratch grass, this sticky weed appears in Pennsylvania gardens in spring and fall.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/backyard-grape-growing" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5255-67b21c8336896"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/f/fff7e026bd72858ee647a88d2014b8fc_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/f/fff7e026bd72858ee647a88d2014b8fc_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/f/fff7e026bd72858ee647a88d2014b8fc_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Backyard Grape Growing"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-525567b21c8336896 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-525567b21c8336896 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-525567b21c8336896 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Backyard Grape Growing" href="https://extension.psu.edu/backyard-grape-growing" class="product-item-link">Backyard Grape Growing</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">This article provides information on selecting cultivars, purchasing and planting grapes, nutritional requirements, pruning, training/trellis systems, and pests.</div></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div><div class="category-bottom-content"> </div><div class="before-page-footer"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3],#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3]{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#1e407c;min-height:536px;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=RCHY4CL]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF82VQ0],#html-body [data-pb-style=O3VUDHB]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=O3VUDHB]{justify-content:flex-start;width:8.33333%;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF82VQ0]{justify-content:center;width:16.6667%}#html-body [data-pb-style=XKM3MSJ]{text-align:center}#html-body [data-pb-style=GW11250],#html-body [data-pb-style=V9ASYYW],#html-body [data-pb-style=WOL6F34]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:8.33333%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=GW11250],#html-body [data-pb-style=V9ASYYW]{width:58.3333%}#html-body [data-pb-style=GW11250]{width:8.33333%}</style><div class="newsletter-subscription noprint" data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="CQ5NAO3"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" data-background-images="{}" data-content-type="column-group" data-appearance="default" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main" data-pb-style="D3ELT41"><div class="pagebuilder-column-line" data-content-type="column-line" data-element="main" data-pb-style="RCHY4CL"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="O3VUDHB"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column left-block" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="GF82VQ0"><div class="icon-wrapper" data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="XKM3MSJ" data-decoded="true"><span class="white-box-empty top"></span> <span class="white-box-empty middle"></span> <span class="white-box-empty bottom"></span> <div class="item span-3 white-box"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="88.5" height="74" viewBox="0 0 88.5 74"> <path id="icon-newsletter" d="M11,74A11.013,11.013,0,0,1,0,63V42A11.013,11.013,0,0,1,11,31h5V11A11.013,11.013,0,0,1,27,0H77.5a11.013,11.013,0,0,1,11,11V61a13,13,0,0,1-13,13ZM21.9,11V63a10.952,10.952,0,0,1-1.2,5H75.5a7,7,0,0,0,7-7V11a5,5,0,0,0-5-5H26.9A5.005,5.005,0,0,0,21.9,11ZM6,42V63a5,5,0,1,0,10,0V37H11A5.005,5.005,0,0,0,6,42ZM31.7,58.5a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h41a3,3,0,0,1,0,6Zm0-12a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h41a3,3,0,0,1,0,6Zm27-13a3,3,0,1,1,0-6h14a3,3,0,1,1,0,6Zm-27,0a3,3,0,0,1-3-3v-15a3,3,0,0,1,3-3h16a3,3,0,0,1,3,3v15a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm3-6h10v-9h-10Zm24-6a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h14a3,3,0,0,1,0,6Z" fill="#fff"/> </svg> </div> </div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="WOL6F34"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column right-block" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V9ASYYW"><h3 class="c-white" data-content-type="heading" data-appearance="default" data-element="main">Personalize your experience with Penn State Extension and stay informed of the latest in agriculture.</h3><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"> <div class="block newsletter"><div class="title"><strong>Newsletter</strong></div><div class="content"><form class="form subscribe" novalidate action="https://extension.psu.edu/psunewsletter/" method="post" data-mage-init='{"validation": {"errorClass": "mage-error"}}' id="newsletter-validate-detail"><div class="field newsletter"><div class="control"><label for="newsletter"><span class="label">Sign Up for Our Newsletter:</span> <input name="email" type="email" id="newsletter" placeholder="Email Address" data-mage-init='{"mage/trim-input":{}}' data-validate="{required:true, 'validate-email':true}"></label></div></div><div class="actions"><button class="action subscribe primary" title="Subscribe" type="submit" aria-label="Subscribe"><span>Subscribe</span></button></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="GW11250"></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"></div><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div></div></div><footer class="page-footer"><div class="footer content"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=KBJ5VVO]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=ENYB8NY],#html-body [data-pb-style=V43QAK3]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="footer-content-wrapper-top" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="KBJ5VVO"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="ENYB8NY"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=SLRCHBD]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=GHXYB4F]{border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=IKX9TVW],#html-body [data-pb-style=TNNDPMW]{max-width:100%;height:auto}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=GHXYB4F]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="left-links" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="SLRCHBD"><figure class="logo" data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="GHXYB4F"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/home" target="" data-link-type="page" title="" data-element="link"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" loading="lazy" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/logo.png" alt="Penn State Extension Logo" title="" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="TNNDPMW"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" loading="lazy" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/logo.png" alt="Penn State Extension Logo" title="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="IKX9TVW"></a></figure><div class="address" data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p><a tabindex="0" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/">College of Agricultural Sciences</a></p> <p>The Pennsylvania State University</p> <p>323 Agricultural Administration Building</p> <p>University Park, PA 16802</p></div><div class="social-icons" data-content-type="social-icons" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><ul class="social-icons-list" data-role="content"><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--facebook" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/pennstextension/" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--facebook" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on Facebook</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--linkedin" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/penn-state-extension/" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--linkedin" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--twitter" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/psuextension" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--twitter" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on Twitter</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--youtube" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/@psuextension" target="_blank" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--youtube" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Penn State Extension on YouTube</span></a></li><li class="social-icons-link-container" data-content-type="social-icons-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="social-icons-link icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--instagram" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/psuextension/" target="" data-link-type="default" data-platform="icon-pagebuilder-social-icons-item--instagram" data-element="link"><i aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="social-icons-link-text visually-hidden" data-element="link_text">Instagram</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> </div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V43QAK3"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=Q9USLLX]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=BU4TPXL],#html-body [data-pb-style=S18W17C],#html-body [data-pb-style=TGSV88B]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="footer-right-links" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="Q9USLLX"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="S18W17C"><div class="mobile-accordion" data-content-type="mobile-accordion" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><div data-role="collapsible"><button type="button" tabindex="0" class="mobile-accordion-title" data-role="trigger" data-element="title">About Extension </button><ul class="mobile-accordion-list" data-role="content" aria-hidden="true"><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/about-us" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">About</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/directory/leadership" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Leadership</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/careers" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Careers</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/education-format/news" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Extension News</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/press" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Press</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/county-offices" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">County Offices</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="TGSV88B"><div class="mobile-accordion" data-content-type="mobile-accordion" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><div data-role="collapsible"><button type="button" tabindex="0" class="mobile-accordion-title" data-role="trigger" data-element="title"> Customer Service </button><ul class="mobile-accordion-list" data-role="content" aria-hidden="true"><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/help" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Help Center</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/customer/account/forgotpassword/" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Login Problems</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/psunewsletter/manage/preferences/" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Manage Email Preferences</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="/contact-us" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Contact Us</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="BU4TPXL"><div class="mobile-accordion" data-content-type="mobile-accordion" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><div data-role="collapsible"><button type="button" tabindex="0" class="mobile-accordion-title" data-role="trigger" data-element="title">Other Programs </button><ul class="mobile-accordion-list" data-role="content" aria-hidden="true"><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/4-h" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Pennsylvania 4-H</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/betterkidcare" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Better Kid Care</span></a></li><li class="mobile-accordion-link-container" data-content-type="mobile-accordion-item" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><a class="mobile-accordion-link" rel="noopener" href="https://extension.psu.edu/programs/master-gardener" target="" data-link-type="default" data-element="link"><span class="mobile-accordion-link-text" data-element="link_text">Master Gardeners</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div> </div><div class="footer-content-bottom-wrapper"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=VOS0CU4]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#html-body [data-pb-style=KTS42PI]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=BLUDGVN]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=NGT2TBM]{justify-content:flex-start;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-attachment:scroll;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=NGT2TBM],#html-body [data-pb-style=QFMQ5V7]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=WC1IQV4]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=LQ7KA63]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=Q05VQVP]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=QQXUF91]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=X35Y11L]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=S3JPOG6]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=SNE9145]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}</style><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="footer-bottom" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="VOS0CU4"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" data-background-images="{}" data-content-type="column-group" data-appearance="default" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main" data-pb-style="KTS42PI"><div class="pagebuilder-column-line" data-content-type="column-line" data-element="main" data-pb-style="BLUDGVN"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="NGT2TBM"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a tabindex="0" href="/youth-safety-information">Youth Safety</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="QFMQ5V7"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="WC1IQV4"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a tabindex="0" title="Privacy and Legal Statements" href="https://www.psu.edu/legal-statements/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Privacy and Legal Statements</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="LQ7KA63"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="Q05VQVP"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a title="Veterinary Advice Statement" href="/veterinary-advice-statement">Veterinary Advice Statement</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="QQXUF91"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="X35Y11L"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><a tabindex="0" title="Accessibility" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/accessibility" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Accessibility</a></p></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="S3JPOG6"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="SNE9145"><p id="NQ8JQGD" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="https://www.psu.edu/copyright-information" target="_blank" rel="noopener">© 2025 The Pennsylvania State University</a></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer> <div class="social-login block-container" id="email_modal"><div class="modal-title" data-role="title">Email address is required to login</div><div class="block"><div class="block-content"><form class="email-form" id="sociallogin_form_email" data-mage-init='{"validation":{}}'><fieldset class="fieldset" data-hasrequired="* Required Fields"><div class="field note">Please enter your email address below to create account.</div><div class="field email required"><label for="email_address" class="label"><span>Email</span></label> <div class="control"><input type="email" name="real-email" alt="email" id="real_email_address" class="input-text sl-input-email" data-validate="{required:true, 'validate-email':true}"/><input type="hidden" name="redirect-url" value="" /></div></div></fieldset><div class="actions-toolbar sl-submit-email"><div class="primary"><button type="button" id="sociallogin_send_email" class="action send primary"><span>Sign In</span></button></div></div></form></div></div></div> <div class="b2b-modal fade iwdsr-customers-list-modal" id="iwdsr-customers-list-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="b2b-modal-dialog"><div class="b2b-modal-content"><div class="b2b-modal-body"><a class="close" data-dismiss="modal"><i class="fa fa-times customer-close" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <div class="iwdsr-customers-list-wrap"></div></div><div class="b2b-modal-footer"></div></div></div></div> </div> <script> var LOCALE = 'en\u002DUS'; var BASE_URL = 'https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002F'; var require = { 'baseUrl': 'https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fstatic\u002Fversion1739430570\u002Ffrontend\u002FBlueAcorn\u002Fsite\u002Fen_US' };</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://extension.psu.edu/static/version1739430570/_cache/merged/fb7cbbc67e34e334b9bbfa4f42b9e0f4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_PageCache/js/form-key-provider": { "isPaginationCacheEnabled": 0 } } }</script> <script> try{smileTracker.setConfig({beaconUrl:'https://extension.psu.edu/elasticsuite/tracker/hit/image/h.png',telemetryUrl:'https://t.elasticsuite.io/track',telemetryEnabled:'',sessionConfig:{"visit_cookie_name":"STUID","visit_cookie_lifetime":"3600","visitor_cookie_lifetime":"365","visitor_cookie_name":"STVID","domain":"extension.psu.edu","path":"\/"},});smileTracker.addPageVar('store_id','2');require(['Smile_ElasticsuiteTracker/js/user-consent'],function(userConsent){if(userConsent({"cookieRestrictionEnabled":"0","cookieRestrictionName":"user_allowed_save_cookie"})){smileTracker.sendTag();}});}catch(err){;} </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/"}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping","name":"Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening","name":"Home Gardening"},"position":2},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management","name":"Weed Management"},"position":3}]}</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"WebPage","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management","mainEntity":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"OfferCatalog","name":"Weed Management","url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management","numberOfItems":25,"itemListElement":[]},"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":[".category-description"],"xpath":["\/html\/head\/title"]}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_PageBuilder/js/widget-initializer": { "config": {"[data-content-type=\"slider\"][data-appearance=\"default\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/slider\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"map\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/map\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"row\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/row\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"tabs\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/tabs\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"slide\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/slide\/appearance\/default\/widget":{"buttonSelector":".pagebuilder-slide-button","showOverlay":"hover","dataRole":"slide"}},"[data-content-type=\"banner\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/banner\/appearance\/default\/widget":{"buttonSelector":".pagebuilder-banner-button","showOverlay":"hover","dataRole":"banner"}},"[data-content-type=\"buttons\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/buttons\/appearance\/inline\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"products\"][data-appearance=\"carousel\"]":{"Magento_PageBuilder\/js\/content-type\/products\/appearance\/carousel\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"products\"][data-appearance=\"carousel-with-stage\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/products\/appearance\/carousel-with-stage\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"products\"][data-appearance=\"featured-product\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/products\/appearance\/featured-product\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"mobile-accordion\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/mobile-accordion\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"content-slider\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/content-slider\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"video\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/video\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"collapsible\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/collapsible\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"blueacorn-tabs\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/blueacorn-tabs\/appearance\/default\/widget":false},"[data-content-type=\"accordion\"]":{"BlueAcorn_PageBuilderContent\/js\/content-type\/accordion\/appearance\/default\/widget":false}}, "breakpoints": {"desktop":{"label":"Desktop","stage":true,"default":true,"class":"desktop-switcher","icon":"Magento_PageBuilder::css\/images\/switcher\/switcher-desktop.svg","conditions":{"min-width":"1024px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"4"}}}},"tablet":{"conditions":{"max-width":"1024px","min-width":"768px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"3"},"continuous":{"slidesToShow":"3"}}}},"mobile":{"label":"Mobile","stage":true,"class":"mobile-switcher","icon":"Magento_PageBuilder::css\/images\/switcher\/switcher-mobile.svg","media":"only screen and (max-width: 768px)","conditions":{"max-width":"767px","min-width":"640px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"2"}}}},"mobile-small":{"conditions":{"max-width":"640px"},"options":{"products":{"default":{"slidesToShow":"1"},"continuous":{"slidesToShow":"1"}}}}} } } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">document.querySelector("#cookie-status").style.display = "none";</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "cookieStatus": {} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "mage/cookies": { "expires": null, "path": "\u002F", "domain": ".extension.psu.edu", "secure": true, "lifetime": "3600" } } }</script> <script> window.cookiesConfig = window.cookiesConfig || {}; window.cookiesConfig.secure = true; </script> <script> require.config({ map: { '*': { wysiwygAdapter: 'mage/adminhtml/wysiwyg/tiny_mce/tinymceAdapter' } } });</script> <script> require.config({ paths: { googleMaps: 'https\u003A\u002F\u002Fmaps.googleapis.com\u002Fmaps\u002Fapi\u002Fjs\u003Fv\u003D3.53\u0026key\u003DAIzaSyBr3fDDBIOigo7Cz8V0ikGhRRHw3wNlPO8' }, config: { 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/utils/map': { style: '', }, 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/content-type/map/preview': { apiKey: 'AIzaSyBr3fDDBIOigo7Cz8V0ikGhRRHw3wNlPO8', apiKeyErrorMessage: 'You\u0020must\u0020provide\u0020a\u0020valid\u0020\u003Ca\u0020href\u003D\u0027https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fadminhtml\u002Fsystem_config\u002Fedit\u002Fsection\u002Fcms\u002F\u0023cms_pagebuilder\u0027\u0020target\u003D\u0027_blank\u0027\u003EGoogle\u0020Maps\u0020API\u0020key\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u0020to\u0020use\u0020a\u0020map.' }, 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/form/element/map': { apiKey: 'AIzaSyBr3fDDBIOigo7Cz8V0ikGhRRHw3wNlPO8', apiKeyErrorMessage: 'You\u0020must\u0020provide\u0020a\u0020valid\u0020\u003Ca\u0020href\u003D\u0027https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fadminhtml\u002Fsystem_config\u002Fedit\u002Fsection\u002Fcms\u002F\u0023cms_pagebuilder\u0027\u0020target\u003D\u0027_blank\u0027\u003EGoogle\u0020Maps\u0020API\u0020key\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u0020to\u0020use\u0020a\u0020map.' }, } });</script> <script> require.config({ shim: { 'Magento_PageBuilder/js/utils/map': { deps: ['googleMaps'] } } });</script> <script> window.skipModules = ["customer\/account","sociallogin\/account"]; window.queryParam = 'sociallogin_referer_store'; window.isSlGuestCheckoutEnabled = "0"; require(['slReferer']);</script> <script> require([ 'jquery' ], function ($) { var width = $("body").width(); if (width > 1023) { $("nav.main-menu").click(function(){ if($(".main-menu__item--parent.level0:hover").length == 0){ if($("nav.main-menu").is(":visible")) { $('.action.nav-toggle').trigger('click'); } } }); } });</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": { "components": { "customHeaderComponent": { "component": "Magento_Customer/js/view/custom-header-account" } } } } }</script> <script>window.checkout = {"shoppingCartUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/cart\/","checkoutUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/","updateItemQtyUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/sidebar\/updateItemQty\/","removeItemUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/checkout\/sidebar\/removeItem\/","imageTemplate":"Magento_Catalog\/product\/image_with_borders","baseUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/","minicartMaxItemsVisible":5,"websiteId":"2","maxItemsToDisplay":10,"storeId":"2","storeGroupId":"2","saml":{"enabled":false,"forced":false,"linktext":"Login via Identity Provider"},"captcha":{"user_login":{"isCaseSensitive":false,"imageHeight":50,"imageSrc":"","refreshUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/captcha\/refresh\/","isRequired":false,"timestamp":1739725954}}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "[data-block='minicart']": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components":{"minicart_content":{"children":{"subtotal.container":{"children":{"subtotal":{"children":{"subtotal.totals":{"config":{"display_cart_subtotal_incl_tax":0,"display_cart_subtotal_excl_tax":1,"template":"Magento_Tax\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals"},"component":"Magento_Tax\/js\/view\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals","children":{"subtotal.totals.msrp":{"component":"Magento_Msrp\/js\/view\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals","config":{"displayArea":"minicart-subtotal-hidden","template":"Magento_Msrp\/checkout\/minicart\/subtotal\/totals"}}}}},"component":"uiComponent","config":{"template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/subtotal"}}},"component":"uiComponent","config":{"displayArea":"subtotalContainer"}},"item.renderer":{"component":"Magento_Checkout\/js\/view\/cart-item-renderer","config":{"displayArea":"defaultRenderer","template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/item\/default"},"children":{"item.image":{"component":"Magento_Catalog\/js\/view\/image","config":{"template":"Magento_Catalog\/product\/image","displayArea":"itemImage"}},"checkout.cart.item.price.sidebar":{"component":"uiComponent","config":{"template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/item\/price","displayArea":"priceSidebar"}}}},"extra_info":{"component":"uiComponent","config":{"displayArea":"extraInfo"}},"promotion":{"component":"uiComponent","config":{"displayArea":"promotion"}}},"config":{"itemRenderer":{"default":"defaultRenderer","simple":"defaultRenderer","virtual":"defaultRenderer"},"template":"Magento_Checkout\/minicart\/slide-content","is_auto_open":true},"component":"Magento_Checkout\/js\/view\/minicart"}},"types":[]} }, "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/block-loader": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fstatic\u002Fversion1739430570\u002Ffrontend\u002FBlueAcorn\u002Fsite\u002Fen_US\u002Fimages\u002Floader\u002D1.gif" } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": { "components": { "messages": { "component": "Magento_Theme/js/view/messages" } } } } }</script> <script type="text/javascript"> $readMoreJS.init({ target: '.category-description', numOfWords: 30, toggle: true, moreLink: 'Read more', lessLink: 'Read less' });</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> {"*" : {"Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components": {"education_formatFilter": {"component":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/js\/attribute-filter","maxSize":10,"displayProductCount":true,"hasMoreItems":false,"displayRelNofollow":"","ajaxLoadUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/navigation_filter\/ajax\/id\/313\/?cat=313&filterName=education_format","items":[{"label":"Articles","count":33,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?education_format=Articles","is_selected":null},{"label":"Workshops","count":2,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?education_format=Workshops","is_selected":null},{"label":"Guides and Publications","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?education_format=Guides+and+Publications","is_selected":null},{"label":"News","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?education_format=News","is_selected":null},{"label":"Webinars","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?education_format=Webinars","is_selected":null}]}}}}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> {"*" : {"Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components": {"home_or_commercialFilter": {"component":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/js\/attribute-filter","maxSize":10,"displayProductCount":true,"hasMoreItems":false,"displayRelNofollow":"","ajaxLoadUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/navigation_filter\/ajax\/id\/313\/?cat=313&filterName=home_or_commercial","items":[{"label":"Home","count":7,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?home_or_commercial=Home","is_selected":null},{"label":"Commercial","count":4,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?home_or_commercial=Commercial","is_selected":null}]}}}}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> {"*" : {"Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components": {"plant_typeFilter": {"component":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/js\/attribute-filter","maxSize":10,"displayProductCount":true,"hasMoreItems":false,"displayRelNofollow":"","ajaxLoadUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/navigation_filter\/ajax\/id\/313\/?cat=313&filterName=plant_type","items":[{"label":"Annuals","count":7,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?plant_type=Annuals","is_selected":null},{"label":"Deciduous","count":6,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?plant_type=Deciduous","is_selected":null},{"label":"Evergreen","count":6,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?plant_type=Evergreen","is_selected":null},{"label":"Perennials","count":7,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?plant_type=Perennials","is_selected":null}]}}}}}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> {"*" : {"Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components": {"authorsFilter": {"component":"Smile_ElasticsuiteCatalog\/js\/attribute-filter","maxSize":10,"displayProductCount":true,"hasMoreItems":true,"displayRelNofollow":"","ajaxLoadUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/navigation_filter\/ajax\/id\/313\/?cat=313&filterName=authors","items":[{"label":"Tim Abbey","count":6,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Tim+Abbey","is_selected":null},{"label":"Emelie Swackhamer","count":3,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Emelie+Swackhamer","is_selected":null},{"label":"Gregory Hoover","count":3,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Gregory+Hoover","is_selected":null},{"label":"Rob Crassweller, Ph.D.","count":3,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Rob+Crassweller%2C+Ph.D.","is_selected":null},{"label":"J. Robert Nuss","count":2,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=J.+Robert+Nuss","is_selected":null},{"label":"Larry Kuhns","count":2,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Larry+Kuhns","is_selected":null},{"label":"Constance Schmotzer","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Constance+Schmotzer","is_selected":null},{"label":"Diane Diffenderfer","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Diane+Diffenderfer","is_selected":null},{"label":"Donald Seifrit","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Donald+Seifrit","is_selected":null},{"label":"Kathy Demchak","count":1,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management?authors=Kathy+Demchak","is_selected":null}]}}}}}</script> <script> require([ 'jquery' ], function ($) { $(window).on('load', function() { $(".filter-options-item").each(function() { var $this = $(this); var $items = $this.find("li"); $($items).each(function(){ var $this2 = $(this); var $checkbox = $this2.find(".checkbox"); if($checkbox.is(":checked")) { $this.addClass("active-values"); return false; } }); }); }); });</script> <script> window.ajaxLogin = {"autocomplete":"off","customerRegisterUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/create\/","customerForgotPasswordUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/forgotpassword\/","baseUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/","customerLoginUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/ajax\/login\/"}; window.popupStyle = "popup"; window.isEnabled = 1;</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "#ajaxlogin-popup": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components":{"ajaxLogin":{"component":"WeltPixel_SocialLogin\/js\/view\/ajaxlogin-popup","children":{"messages":{"component":"Magento_Ui\/js\/view\/messages","displayArea":"messages"},"recaptcha-login":{"component":"Magento_ReCaptchaFrontendUi\/js\/reCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-login-form-fields","reCaptchaId":"recaptcha-ajaxlogin-popup","settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}},"recaptcha-register":{"component":"Magento_ReCaptchaFrontendUi\/js\/reCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-register-form-fields","reCaptchaId":"recaptcha-ajaxregister-popup","settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}}}},"authenticationPopup":{"children":{"recaptcha":{"settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}}}}}} } }</script> <script>window.authenticationPopup = {"autocomplete":"off","customerRegisterUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/create\/","customerForgotPasswordUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/account\/forgotpassword\/","baseUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/","customerLoginUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/customer\/ajax\/login\/"}</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "#authenticationPopup": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": {"components":{"authenticationPopup":{"component":"WeltPixel_SocialLogin\/js\/view\/authentication-popup","children":{"messages":{"component":"Magento_Ui\/js\/view\/messages","displayArea":"messages"},"captcha":{"component":"Magento_Captcha\/js\/view\/checkout\/loginCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-login-form-fields","formId":"user_login","configSource":"checkout"},"recaptcha":{"component":"Magento_ReCaptchaFrontendUi\/js\/reCaptcha","displayArea":"additional-login-form-fields","reCaptchaId":"recaptcha-popup-login","settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}},"saml_sso":{"component":"Pitbulk_SAML2\/js\/view\/checkout\/samlLoginLink","displayArea":"before","formId":"user_login","configSource":"checkout"}}},"ajaxLogin":{"children":{"recaptcha-login":{"settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}},"recaptcha-register":{"settings":{"rendering":{"sitekey":"6LdBcwceAAAAAA7sZnEFiLzrQOFvEvVc-P5D2jA9","badge":"inline","size":"invisible","theme":"light","hl":""},"invisible":true}}}}}} }, "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/block-loader": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fstatic\u002Fversion1739430570\u002Ffrontend\u002FBlueAcorn\u002Fsite\u002Fen_US\u002Fimages\u002Floader\u002D1.gif" } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/section-config": { "sections": {"stores\/store\/switch":["*"],"stores\/store\/switchrequest":["*"],"directory\/currency\/switch":["*"],"*":["messages","company","customer"],"customer\/account\/logout":["*","recently_viewed_product","recently_compared_product","persistent"],"customer\/account\/loginpost":["*"],"customer\/account\/createpost":["*"],"customer\/account\/editpost":["*"],"customer\/ajax\/login":["checkout-data","cart","captcha"],"catalog\/product_compare\/add":["compare-products","wp_ga4"],"catalog\/product_compare\/remove":["compare-products"],"catalog\/product_compare\/clear":["compare-products"],"sales\/guest\/reorder":["cart"],"sales\/order\/reorder":["cart"],"rest\/v1\/requisition_lists":["requisition"],"requisition_list\/requisition\/delete":["requisition"],"requisition_list\/item\/addtocart":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/add":["cart","directory-data","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/delete":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/updatepost":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/updateitemoptions":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/cart\/couponpost":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/estimatepost":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/estimateupdatepost":["cart"],"checkout\/onepage\/saveorder":["cart","checkout-data","last-ordered-items"],"checkout\/sidebar\/removeitem":["cart","wp_ga4"],"checkout\/sidebar\/updateitemqty":["cart","wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/payment-information":["cart","last-ordered-items","captcha","instant-purchase","wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/guest-carts\/*\/payment-information":["cart","captcha","wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/guest-carts\/*\/selected-payment-method":["cart","checkout-data"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/selected-payment-method":["cart","checkout-data","instant-purchase"],"wishlist\/index\/add":["wishlist","wp_ga4"],"wishlist\/index\/remove":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/updateitemoptions":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/update":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/cart":["wishlist","cart","wp_ga4"],"wishlist\/index\/fromcart":["wishlist","cart"],"wishlist\/index\/allcart":["wishlist","cart","wp_ga4"],"wishlist\/shared\/allcart":["wishlist","cart"],"wishlist\/shared\/cart":["cart"],"customer_order\/cart\/updatefaileditemoptions":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/updatefaileditemoptions":["cart"],"customer_order\/cart\/advancedadd":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/advancedadd":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/removeallfailed":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/removefailed":["cart"],"customer_order\/cart\/addfaileditems":["cart"],"checkout\/cart\/addfaileditems":["cart"],"customer_order\/sku\/uploadfile":["cart"],"company\/company\/select":["customer-companies","cart","cart-data","checkout-data","negotiable_quote","purchase_order"],"giftregistry\/index\/cart":["cart"],"giftregistry\/view\/addtocart":["cart"],"customer\/address\/*":["instant-purchase"],"customer\/account\/*":["instant-purchase"],"vault\/cards\/deleteaction":["instant-purchase"],"multishipping\/checkout\/overviewpost":["cart"],"wishlist\/index\/copyitem":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/copyitems":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/deletewishlist":["wishlist","multiplewishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/createwishlist":["multiplewishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/editwishlist":["multiplewishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/moveitem":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/index\/moveitems":["wishlist"],"wishlist\/search\/addtocart":["cart","wishlist"],"paypal\/express\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"paypal\/payflowexpress\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"paypal\/express\/onauthorization":["cart","checkout-data"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/po-payment-information":["cart","checkout-data","last-ordered-items"],"purchaseorder\/purchaseorder\/success":["cart","checkout-data","last-ordered-items"],"persistent\/index\/unsetcookie":["persistent"],"quickorder\/sku\/uploadfile\/":["cart"],"review\/product\/post":["review"],"paymentservicespaypal\/smartbuttons\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"paymentservicespaypal\/smartbuttons\/cancel":["cart","checkout-data"],"sso\/saml2\/login":["*"],"sso\/saml2\/acs":["*"],"sociallogin\/account\/login":["*"],"sociallogin\/account\/loginpost":["*"],"braintree\/paypal\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"braintree\/googlepay\/placeorder":["cart","checkout-data"],"checkout\/cart\/configure":["wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/guest-carts\/*\/shipping-information":["wp_ga4"],"rest\/*\/v1\/carts\/*\/shipping-information":["wp_ga4"]}, "clientSideSections": ["checkout-data","cart-data","BLUE_ACORN_SEARCH_LOCATION"], "baseUrls": ["https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/"], "sectionNames": ["messages","customer","compare-products","last-ordered-items","requisition","cart","directory-data","captcha","wishlist","company","company_authorization","customer-companies","negotiable_quote","instant-purchase","loggedAsCustomer","multiplewishlist","purchase_order","persistent","review","payments","wp_ga4","recently_viewed_product","recently_compared_product","product_data_storage","paypal-billing-agreement"] } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/customer-data": { "sectionLoadUrl": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fcustomer\u002Fsection\u002Fload\u002F", "expirableSectionLifetime": 60, "expirableSectionNames": ["cart","persistent"], "cookieLifeTime": "3600", "cookieDomain": "extension.psu.edu", "updateSessionUrl": "https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fcustomer\u002Faccount\u002FupdateSession\u002F", "isLoggedIn": "" } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/invalidation-processor": { "invalidationRules": { "website-rule": { "Magento_Customer/js/invalidation-rules/website-rule": { "scopeConfig": { "websiteId": "2" } } } } } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "body": { "pageCache": {"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/page_cache\/block\/render\/id\/313\/","handles":["default","catalog_category_view","catalog_category_view_type_layered","catalog_category_view_type_layered_without_children","catalog_category_view_displaymode_products","catalog_category_view_id_313","ajaxlogin_customer_signed_out","catalog_category_view_level_4"],"originalRequest":{"route":"catalog","controller":"category","action":"view","uri":"\/trees-lawns-and-landscaping\/home-gardening\/weed-management"},"versionCookieName":"private_content_version"} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "body": { "addToWishlist": {"productType":["simple","virtual","bundle","downloadable","giftcard","configurable","grouped"]} } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-34863-67b21c83025e6"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-34863-67b21c83025e6 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-57060-67b21c8303842"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-57060-67b21c8303842 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-64246-67b21c8307f13"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-64246-67b21c8307f13 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5383-67b21c8308fe9"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5383-67b21c8308fe9 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-61969-67b21c830a032"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-61969-67b21c830a032 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-60448-67b21c830b06a"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-60448-67b21c830b06a span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-59629-67b21c830d35b"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-59629-67b21c830d35b span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-33536-67b21c830e3e4"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-33536-67b21c830e3e4 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-52272-67b21c830f72e"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-52272-67b21c830f72e span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5313-67b21c8310864"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5313-67b21c8310864 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-30349-67b21c83119a9"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-30349-67b21c83119a9 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-22482-67b21c8312b52"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-22482-67b21c8312b52 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-6440-67b21c8313c56"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-6440-67b21c8313c56 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3938-67b21c8314f7d"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3938-67b21c8314f7d span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-3667-67b21c83163f4"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-3667-67b21c83163f4 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5311-67b21c831767f"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5311-67b21c831767f span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5162-67b21c83189f9"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5162-67b21c83189f9 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-48481-67b21c8319d7d"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-48481-67b21c8319d7d span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5146-67b21c831b10d"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5146-67b21c831b10d span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5099-67b21c831c494"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5099-67b21c831c494 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-46135-67b21c831d878"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-46135-67b21c831d878 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-46129-67b21c831ebfc"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-46129-67b21c831ebfc span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-4370-67b21c831ffc6"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-4370-67b21c831ffc6 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-4015-67b21c8321242"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-4015-67b21c8321242 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-4547-67b21c8322629"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-4547-67b21c8322629 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "[data-role=tocart-form], .form.map.checkout": { "catalogAddToCart": { "product_sku": "ART\u002D3230" } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "body": { "requireCookie": {"noCookieUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/cookie\/index\/noCookies\/","triggers":[".action.towishlist"],"isRedirectCmsPage":true} } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5890-67b21c8331c2f"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5890-67b21c8331c2f span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-6169-67b21c83334af"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-6169-67b21c83334af span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-37162-67b21c8334e79"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-37162-67b21c8334e79 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/javascript">prodImageContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".product-image-container-5255-67b21c8336896"); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainers.length; i++) { prodImageContainers[i].style.width = "676px"; } prodImageContainersWrappers = document.querySelectorAll( ".product-image-container-5255-67b21c8336896 span.product-image-wrapper" ); for (var i = 0; i < prodImageContainersWrappers.length; i++) { prodImageContainersWrappers[i].style.paddingBottom = "66.272189349112%"; }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Customer/js/block-submit-on-send": { "formId": "newsletter-validate-detail" } } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "Magento_Ui/js/core/app": { "components": { "storage-manager": { "component": "Magento_Catalog/js/storage-manager", "appendTo": "", "storagesConfiguration" : {"recently_viewed_product":{"requestConfig":{"syncUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/product\/frontend_action_synchronize\/"},"lifetime":"1000","allowToSendRequest":null},"recently_compared_product":{"requestConfig":{"syncUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/product\/frontend_action_synchronize\/"},"lifetime":"1000","allowToSendRequest":null},"product_data_storage":{"updateRequestConfig":{"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/rest\/extensions\/V1\/products-render-info"},"requestConfig":{"syncUrl":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/catalog\/product\/frontend_action_synchronize\/"},"allowToSendRequest":null}} } } } } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.socialloginButtons = '\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dwrapper\u0020block\u002Dcustomer\u002Dlogin\u0020login\u002Dcontainer\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022block\u0020sociallogin\u002Dblock\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dblock\u002Dtitle\u0020block\u002Dtitle\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u0020role\u003D\u0022heading\u0022\u0020aria\u002Dlevel\u003D\u00222\u0022\u003ESign\u0020In\u0020with\u0020Social\u0020Profile\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dpadding\u0022\u003E\u0020\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbox\u0022\u003E\u003Ca\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbutton\u0020button\u002Dgoogle\u0022\u0020rel\u003D\u0022nofollow\u0022\u0020href\u003D\u0022javascri'+'pt\u003Avoid\u00280\u0029\u003B\u0022\u0020data\u002Dhref\u003D\u0022https\u003A\u002F\u002Faccounts.google.com\u002Fo\u002Foauth2\u002Fv2\u002Fauth\u003Fscope\u003Demail\u002Bprofile\u002Bhttps\u00253A\u00252F\u00252Fwww.googleapis.com\u00252Fauth\u00252Fuserinfo.email\u002Bhttps\u00253A\u00252F\u00252Fwww.googleapis.com\u00252Fauth\u00252Fuserinfo.profile\u002Bopenid\u0026access_type\u003Doffline\u0026include_granted_scopes\u003Dtrue\u0026state\u003Dstate_parameter_passthrough_value\u0026client_id\u003D245363440107\u002Dm0ebl7d59vvmacjoen5t8sn21ghrov1c.apps.googleusercontent.com\u0026redirect_uri\u003Dhttps\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fsociallogin\u002Faccount\u002Flogin\u002Ftype\u002Fgoogle\u002F\u0026response_type\u003Dcode\u0022\u0020\u003E\u003Cspan\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dicon\u0020sl\u002Dgoogle\u0022\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u0020\u003Cdiv\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbox\u0022\u003E\u003Ca\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dbutton\u0020button\u002Dtwitter\u0022\u0020rel\u003D\u0022nofollow\u0022\u0020href\u003D\u0022javascri'+'pt\u003Avoid\u00280\u0029\u003B\u0022\u0020data\u002Dhref\u003D\u0022\u0022\u0020\u003E\u003Cspan\u0020class\u003D\u0022sociallogin\u002Dicon\u0020sl\u002Dtwitter\u0022\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cscri'+'pt\u003E\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020if\u0020\u0028window.socialloginButtons\u0029\u0020\u007B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.emailFormUrl\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fsociallogin\u002Faccount\u002Femail\u002F\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.twitterOauthUrl\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022https\u003A\u002F\u002Fextension.psu.edu\u002Fsociallogin\u002Fajax\u002Ftwitteroauth\u002F\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.cartPageAccordionState\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.isCustomer\u0020\u003D\u0020\u0022\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020window.isSlCustomPopupUsed\u0020\u003D\u0020\u00221\u0022\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020require\u0028\u005B\u0027sociallogin\u0027\u005D,\u0020function\u0028\u0029\u007B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.socialLoginClick\u0028\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.slWidgetInit\u0028\u00272\u0027\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.sendEmailClick\u0028\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020sl.emailPopUp\u0028\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u007D\u0029\u003B\u000A\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u0020\u007D\u003C\u002Fscri'+'pt\u003E';</script> <script>try { smileTracker.addPageVar('type.identifier', 'catalog_category_view'); smileTracker.addPageVar('type.label', 'Catalog Category'); smileTracker.addPageVar('locale', 'en_US'); } catch (err) { ; }</script> <script>try { smileTracker.addPageVar('category.id', '313'); smileTracker.addPageVar('category.label', 'Weed Management'); smileTracker.addPageVar('category.path', '1/43/256/308/313'); smileTracker.addPageVar('category.breadcrumb', 'Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping|Home Gardening'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product_list.page_count', '2'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product_list.product_count', '38'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product_list.current_page', '1'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product_list.sort_order', 'publish_date'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product_list.sort_direction', 'desc'); smileTracker.addPageVar('product_list.display_mode', 'list'); } catch (err) { ; }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> { "*": { "stickyHeader": {} } }</script> <script type="text/x-magento-init"> {"*": {"Magento_Catalog/js/productCustom": {}}}</script> <script nonce="OGJrbWF5dWdtNXlkaW5uY3JwdnVrYmM0NDBiZmxnZ2w=" > window.ga4ParentVsChild = 'parent'; window.ga4VariantEnabled = '0'; require(['jquery','weltpixel_ga4_persistentLayer','weltpixel_ga4_gtm', 'Magento_Customer/js/customer-data'], function ($, wpGa4PersDl ,wpGa4gtm, customerData) { if (window.ga4AllowServices) { $(document).ajaxComplete(function (event, xhr, settings) { if (settings.url.search('/customer\/section\/load/') > 0) { var response = xhr.responseJSON; if (response.wp_ga4) { var dataLayerData = $.parseJSON(response.wp_ga4.datalayer); for (index in dataLayerData) { window.dataLayer.push({ecommerce: null}); window.dataLayer.push(dataLayerData[index]); } } } }); var wpPersDlOptions = {'storageExpiryTime': 30 }; var wpGtmOptions = { 'enabled': 0, 'persDataLayer': wpGa4PersDl }; wpGa4PersDl.init(wpPersDlOptions); wpGa4gtm.trackPromotion(wpGtmOptions); } });</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-de4732d74895307f015","applicationID":"1105275877","transactionName":"Zl1XZxcAXUBXVEVZDV8XdFARCFxdGVRQRANdV1IcBgBHVlFYQ0lNR1FQRA==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":2093,"atts":"ShpAEV8aTh8UVhMKGUxF","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body></html>