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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upper_Ganga_Canal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_Ganga_Canal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Upper Ganga Canal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_Ganga_Canal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower_Ganga_Canal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_Ganga_Canal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lower Ganga Canal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_Ganga_Canal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ganges Canal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_Superior_del_Ganges" title="Canal Superior del Ganges – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Canal Superior del Ganges" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Ganges_Canal" title="Upper Ganges Canal – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Upper Ganges Canal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeskanal" title="Gangeskanal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gangeskanal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_del_Ganges" title="Canal del Ganges – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Canal del Ganges" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="गंगा नहर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गंगा नहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="ഗംഗ കനാൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗംഗ കനാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جانجيسكانالين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جانجيسكانالين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Гангский канал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гангский канал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeskanalen" title="Gangeskanalen – Swedish" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Irrigation canal system in Uttar Pradesh, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the canal system in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ganganagar" title="Sri Ganganagar">Sri Ganganagar</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Ganga_Canal_(Rajasthan)" title="Ganga Canal (Rajasthan)">Ganga Canal (Rajasthan)</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GangesCanal2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/GangesCanal2.jpg/250px-GangesCanal2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/GangesCanal2.jpg/375px-GangesCanal2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/GangesCanal2.jpg/500px-GangesCanal2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>The Ganges Canal highlighted in red stretching between its headworks off the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges river">Ganges river</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haridwar_district" title="Haridwar district">Hardwar</a> and its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamuna River">Jumna river</a> below <a href="/wiki/Cawnpore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cawnpore">Cawnpore</a> (now Kanpur).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg/250px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg/375px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg/500px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2825" data-file-height="1778" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of an old bridge on the Ganges Canal (constructed before 1854 during <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company rule in India</a>). The photograph was taken from a moving car.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Ganges Canal</b> or <b>Ganga Canal</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canal</a> system that irrigates the <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a> region between the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamuna River">Yamuna River</a> in India. </p><p>The canal is primarily an irrigation canal, although parts of it were also used for navigation, primarily for its construction materials. Separate navigation channels with lock gates were provided on this system for boats to negotiate falls. Originally constructed from 1842 to 1854, for an original head discharge of 6000 ft³/s, the Upper Ganges Canal has since been enlarged gradually for the present head discharge of 10,500 ft³/s (295 m³/s). The system consists of main canal of 272 miles and about 4,000 miles long distribution channels. The canal system irrigates nearly 9,000 km² of fertile agricultural land in ten districts of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>. Today the canal is the source of agricultural prosperity in much of these states, and the irrigation departments of these states actively maintain the canal against a fee system charged from users. </p><p>There are some small hydroelectric plants on the canal capable of generating about 33 MW if running at full capacity these are at Nirgajini, Chitaura, Salawa, Bhola, Jani, Jauli and Dasna.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg/250px-Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg/375px-Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg/500px-Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Photograph (1860) of the head works of the Ganges Canal in <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bourne" title="Samuel Bourne">Samuel Bourne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg/250px-Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg/375px-Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg/500px-Headworks_ganges_canal_haridwar2008a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Photograph (2008) of the head works of the Ganges Canal in Haridwar, taken from the opposite side.</figcaption></figure> <p>The canal is administratively divided into the Upper Ganges Canal from <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a>, with some branches, and the Lower Ganges Canal which constitutes several branches below Aligarh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_Ganga_Canal">Upper Ganga Canal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Upper Ganga Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Upper Ganges canal is the important and the original <i>Ganges Canal</i>, which starts at the <a href="/wiki/Bhimgoda_Barrage" title="Bhimgoda Barrage">Bhimgoda Barrage</a> near <a href="/wiki/Har_ki_Pauri" class="mw-redirect" title="Har ki Pauri">Har ki Pauri</a> at <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, traverses <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purkazi" title="Purkazi">Purquazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardhana" title="Sardhana">Sardhana</a> (Meerut district), <a href="/wiki/Muradnagar" title="Muradnagar">Muradnagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dasna" title="Dasna">Dasna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulandshahr" title="Bulandshahr">Bulandshahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khurja" title="Khurja">Khurja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harduaganj" title="Harduaganj">Harduaganj</a> and continues to Nanau (near Akrabad) in <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_district" title="Aligarh district">Aligarh district</a>, where it bifurcates into the <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a> branch and <a href="/wiki/Etawah" title="Etawah">Etawah</a> branch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_Ganga_Canal">Lower Ganga Canal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lower Ganga Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A channel from Chaudhary Charan Singh <a href="/wiki/Barrage_(dam)" title="Barrage (dam)"> Ganga barrage</a> at <a href="/wiki/Narora" title="Narora">Narora</a> (Bulandshahr district) intersects the canal system 48 km downstream from Nanau (Aligarh district), and continues past the <a href="/wiki/Sengar_River" title="Sengar River">Sengar River</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sersa_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sersa River (page does not exist)">Sersa River</a>, past <a href="/wiki/Shikohabad" title="Shikohabad">Shikohabad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Firozabad" title="Firozabad">Firozabad District</a> to become the Bhognipur branch which was opened in 1880. This branch, starting at village Jera in Mainpuri district, runs for 166 km to reach Kanpur. At kilometre 64 the Balrai escape carries excess water through a 6.4 km. channel through the ravines to discharge into the Yamuna. This branch has 386 km. of distributary channels. </p><p>The Bhognipur branch, together with the Kanpur and Etawah branches, is known as the Lower Ganges Canal. The old channels of the old Kanpur and Etawah branches between Nanau and the point of intersection by the channel from Narora, are known as "stumps", and are utilized only when the supply of water in the lower Ganges system runs low.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main branch of the river passes Kanpur (behind <a href="/wiki/IIT_Kanpur" title="IIT Kanpur">IIT Kanpur</a> campus) before breaking into several branches. A branch of it terminates Kanpur Jal Sansthan which comes from behind <a href="/wiki/J._K._Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="J. K. Temple">J. K. Temple</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg/250px-Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg/375px-Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg/500px-Ganges_canal_roorkee1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>Watercolor (1863) titled, "The Ganges Canal, <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Saharanpur District">Saharanpur District</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">U.P.</a>)." The canal was the brainchild of <a href="/wiki/Proby_Cautley" title="Proby Cautley">Sir Proby Cautley</a>; construction began in 1840, and the canal was opened by Governor-General Lord Dalhousie in April 1854.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg/250px-GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg/375px-GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg/500px-GangesCanalRoorkee2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Photograph (2008) of an <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>-era (1854) bridge on the Ganges Canal near <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An irrigation system was felt necessary after the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Agra_famine_of_1837%E2%80%9338" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra famine of 1837–38">Agra famine of 1837–38</a>, in which nearly 800,000 people died, and nearly ten million rupees was spent on relief works, resulting in considerable loss of revenue to the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>. One of the moving forces behind the canal was Colonel <a href="/wiki/Proby_Cautley" title="Proby Cautley">Proby Cautley</a>, who was confident that a 500-kilometre canal was feasible. There were many obstacles and objections to his project, mostly financial, but Cautley persevered and after spending six months walking and riding through the area taking measurements, he managed to persuade the British East India Company to sponsor the project. </p><p>Digging of the canal began in April 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-gaze_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaze-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cautley had to make his own bricks, <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">brick kiln</a> and mortar. Initially, he was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> priests at Haridwar, who felt that the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy river">holy river</a> Ganges would be imprisoned but Cautley pacified them by agreeing to leave a gap in the dam from where the water could flow unchecked. He further appeased the priests by undertaking the repair of bathing ghats along the river. He also inaugurated the dam by the worship of <a href="/wiki/Ganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesh">Lord Ganesh</a>, the god of good beginnings. The dam was faced with many complications- among them was the problem of the mountainous streams that threatened the canal. Near <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a>, the land fell away sharply and Cautley had to build an aqueduct to carry the canal for half a kilometre. As a result, at Roorkee the canal is 25 metres higher than the original river. When the canal formally opened on 8 April 1854,<sup id="cite_ref-gaze_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaze-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its main channel was 348 miles (560 km) long, its branches 306 miles (492 km) long and the various tributaries over 3,000 miles (4,800 km) long. After irrigation was commenced in May 1855,<sup id="cite_ref-gaze_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaze-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 767,000 acres (3,100 km<sup>2</sup>) in 5,000 villages were irrigated. </p><p>In 1877 the whole canal system of the lower Doabs underwent radical alteration. The Lower Ganges Canal, with a feed from a channel from Narora, was constructed into the ghar tract of Etawah, and became the Bhognipur branch. Around 1900, according to the Nuttall Encyclopedia of 1907, it had a total extent of 3,700 miles (6,000 km), of which 500 miles (800 km) were navigable. Building of this canal also eventually led to the establishment of first engineering college in India,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the College of Civil Engineering at Roorkee (Now <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology,_Roorkee" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee">Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganga_canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ganges Canal."><img alt="The Ganges Canal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ganga_canal.jpg/120px-Ganga_canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ganga_canal.jpg/180px-Ganga_canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ganga_canal.jpg/240px-Ganga_canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Ganges Canal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The same East India Company bridge as in the lead paragraph photographed from the other side."><img alt="The same East India Company bridge as in the lead paragraph photographed from the other side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg/120px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg/180px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg/240px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_bridge1854b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1934" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The same East India Company bridge as in the lead paragraph photographed from the other side.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A water mill on the canal."><img alt="A water mill on the canal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg/120px-Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg/180px-Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg/240px-Ganges_canal_water_mill1854b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2779" data-file-height="1585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A water mill on the canal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="150-year-old locks on the canal."><img alt="150-year-old locks on the canal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg/120px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg/180px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg/240px-Ganges_canal_oldEIC_locks1854b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2485" data-file-height="1459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">150-year-old locks on the canal.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCautley1860" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Proby_Thomas_Cautley" class="mw-redirect" title="Proby Thomas Cautley">Cautley, Proby T.</a> (1860). <i>Report of the Ganges Canal Works from their Commencement Until the Opening of the Canal in 1854</i>. London: Smith, Elder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Ganges+Canal+Works+from+their+Commencement+Until+the+Opening+of+the+Canal+in+1854&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Cautley&rft.aufirst=Proby+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCautley1864" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Proby_Thomas_Cautley" class="mw-redirect" title="Proby Thomas Cautley">Cautley, Proby T.</a> (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gangescanaladis01cautgoog#page/n7/mode/1up"><i>Ganges Canal: a disquisition on the heads of the Ganges and Jumna canals, North-Western Provinces, in reply to strictures by Major-General Sir Arthur Cotton</i></a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ganges+Canal%3A+a+disquisition+on+the+heads+of+the+Ganges+and+Jumna+canals%2C+North-Western+Provinces%2C+in+reply+to+strictures+by+Major-General+Sir+Arthur+Cotton&rft.place=London&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=Cautley&rft.aufirst=Proby+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgangescanaladis01cautgoog%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6ZKBQJF14?url=http://irrigation.up.nic.in/irrigation%20rates.pdf">"UP Irrigation department, Irrigation charges 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irrigation.up.nic.in/irrigation%20rates.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UP+Irrigation+department%2C+Irrigation+charges+2014.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firrigation.up.nic.in%2Firrigation%2520rates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6ZKBQJF14?url=http://irrigation.up.nic.in/irrigation%20rates.pdf">"Webcite - UP Irrigation department, Irrigation charges 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irrigation.up.nic.in/irrigation%20rates.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Webcite+-+UP+Irrigation+department%2C+Irrigation+charges+2014.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firrigation.up.nic.in%2Firrigation%2520rates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etawah.nic.in/gaz/4.htm">"District Gazetter: Etawah (UP), Chapter IV: Agriculture and Irrigation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Gazetter%3A+Etawah+%28UP%29%2C+Chapter+IV%3A+Agriculture+and+Irrigation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetawah.nic.in%2Fgaz%2F4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span> Describes the canal works in central UP under the fifth plan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaze-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gaze_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaze_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaze_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_144.gif">Upper Ganges Canal</a> Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iitr.ac.in/institute/pages/History.html">"History, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee"</a>. <i>IIT Roorkee Website</i>. IIT Roorkee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IIT+Roorkee+Website&rft.atitle=History%2C+Indian+Institute+of+Technology+Roorkee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iitr.ac.in%2Finstitute%2Fpages%2FHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Account of Roorkee College</i>, Agra: Secundra Orphan Press, 1851, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7157290M">7157290M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Account+of+Roorkee+College&rft.place=Agra&rft.pub=Secundra+Orphan+Press&rft.date=1851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7157290M%23id-name%3DOL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(encyclopaedist)" title="James Wood (encyclopaedist)">Wood, James</a>, ed. (1907). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" title="The Nuttall Encyclopædia">The Nuttall Encyclopædia</a></i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanges+Canal" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganges_Canal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ganges_Canal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ganges Canal">Ganges Canal</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719115021/http://irrigation.up.nic.in/history.htm">History of Irrigation in Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrography_of_Uttar_Pradesh91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrography_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrography_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrography_of_Uttar_Pradesh91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">Hydrography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaghara_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaghara River">Ghaghara or Karnali</a> (Sarayu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North flowing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betwa_River" title="Betwa River">Betwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambal_River" title="Chambal River">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhasan_River" title="Dhasan River">Dhasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamni_River" title="Jamni River">Jamni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanhar_River" title="Kanhar River">Kanhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmanasa_River" title="Karmanasa River">Karmanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_River" title="Ken River">Ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihand_River" title="Rihand River">Rihand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh_River" title="Sindh River">Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Son River">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamsa_River" title="Tamsa River">Tamsa or Tons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South flowing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assi_River" title="Assi River">Assi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babai_River" title="Babai River">Babai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaula_River_(India)" title="Gaula River (India)">Gaula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomti_River" title="Gomti River">Gomti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindon_River" title="Hindon River">Hindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_River_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="Kali River (Uttar Pradesh)">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukarail_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukarail River">Kukrail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramganga" title="Ramganga">Ramganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohni_River" title="Rohni River">Rohni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_River" title="Sharda River">Sharda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna_River" title="Varuna River">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Rapti_River" title="West Rapti River">West Rapti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barua_Sagar_Tal" title="Barua Sagar Tal">Barua Sagar Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belasagar_Lake" title="Belasagar Lake">Belasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaura_Jheel" title="Chittaura Jheel">Chittaura Jheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetham_Lake" title="Keetham Lake">Keetham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Jheel" title="Moti Jheel">Moti Jheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ka_Tal" title="Raja Ka Tal">Raja Ka Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulhar_Lake" title="Phulhar Lake">Phulhar Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Dams and barrages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Barrage" title="Ganges Barrage">Ganges Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matatila_Dam" title="Matatila Dam">Matatila Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parichha_Dam" title="Parichha Dam">Parichha Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajghat_Dam" title="Rajghat Dam">Rajghat Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihand_Dam" title="Rihand Dam">Rihand Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Sharda_Barrage" title="Lower Sharda Barrage">Lower Sharda Barrage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ganges Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra_Canal" title="Agra Canal">Agra Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malviya_Bridge" title="Malviya Bridge">Malviya Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Bridge" title="Shahi Bridge">Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aciravati" class="mw-redirect" title="Aciravati">Aciravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmanwati" class="mw-redirect" title="Charmanwati">Charmanwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671536#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata608" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671536#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata608" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671536#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfH3G3kB9xXQwM4rdj3cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2011020511">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ganges_Canal&params=29_46_N_78_12_E_region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°46′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°12′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.767°N 78.200°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.767; 78.200</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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