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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%AE" title="بب تخ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بب تخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="বিবটেক্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিবটেক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DA%A9" title="بیب‌تک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیب‌تک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibtex" title="Bibtex – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bibtex" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibtex" title="Bibtex – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bibtex" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibtex" title="Bibtex – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bibtex" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bib" title=".bib – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".bib" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX" title="BibTeX – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="BibTeX" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8029#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">BibTeX</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BibTeX_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BibTeX_logo.svg/200px-BibTeX_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BibTeX_logo.svg/300px-BibTeX_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/BibTeX_logo.svg/400px-BibTeX_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oren_Patashnik" title="Oren Patashnik">Oren Patashnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oren_Patashnik" title="Oren Patashnik">Oren Patashnik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">March 1985<span class="noprint">; 39 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.99d / March 2010<span class="noprint">; 14 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-03</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tug.org/svn/texlive/trunk/Build/source/texk/web2c/">https://tug.org/svn/texlive/trunk/Build/source/texk/web2c/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WEB" class="mw-redirect" title="WEB">WEB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Included with</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TeX_Live" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_size" title="File size">Size</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">384614 bytes</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reference_management_software" title="Reference management software">Reference management software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knuth_License&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knuth License (page does not exist)">Knuth License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/bibtex">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8029#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>BibTeX</b> is both a <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographic">bibliographic</a> <a href="/wiki/Flat-file_database" title="Flat-file database">flat-file database</a> <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file format</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Reference_software" title="Reference software">software program for processing</a> these files to produce lists of references (<a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">citations</a>). The BibTeX file format is a widely used standard with broad support by <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_management_software" title="Comparison of reference management software">reference management software</a>. </p><p>The BibTeX program comes bundled with the <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> document preparation system, and is not available as a stand-alone program.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within this typesetting system its name is styled as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathrm {B{\scriptstyle {IB}}\!T\!_{\displaystyle E}\!X} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="1"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathrm {B{\scriptstyle {IB}}\!T\!_{\displaystyle E}\!X} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ffb8ee6fa48a176c2cac65bbfc9f15b354ea85e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.478ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathrm {B{\scriptstyle {IB}}\!T\!_{\displaystyle E}\!X} }}"></span>. The name is a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau word">portmanteau</a> of the word <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliography</a></i> and the name of the <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a> software. </p><p>BibTeX was created by <a href="/wiki/Oren_Patashnik" title="Oren Patashnik">Oren Patashnik</a> in 1985. No updates were published between February 1988 and March 2010, when the package was updated to improve URL printing and clarify the license. There are various reimplementations of the program. </p><p>The purpose of BibTeX is to make it easy to cite sources in a consistent manner, by separating bibliographic information from the presentation of this information, similarly to the separation of content and presentation/style supported by LaTeX itself. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processor">Processor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Processor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The processor program works with several specific files to produce the reference list and format the citations. In the words of the program's author Oren Patashnik, the processor works as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-sourcecode_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>It takes as input: </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>an <code class="file">.aux</code> file produced by LaTeX on an earlier run;</li><li>a <code class="file">.bst</code> file (the style file), which specifies the general reference-list style and specifies how to format individual entries, and which is written by a style designer [..] in a special-purpose language [..], and</li><li><code class="file">.bib</code> file(s) constituting a database of all reference-list entries the user might ever hope to use.</li></ol></div> <p>BibTeX chooses from the <code class="file">.bib</code> file(s) only those entries specified by the <code class="file">.aux</code> file (that is, those given by LaTeX's <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-latex mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">\cite</span></code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-latex mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">\nocite</span></code> commands), and creates as output a <code class="file">.bbl</code> file containing these entries together with the formatting commands specified by the <code class="file">.bst</code> file [..]. LaTeX will use the <code class="file">.bbl</code> file, perhaps edited by the user, to produce the reference list. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BibTeX was created by <a href="/wiki/Oren_Patashnik" title="Oren Patashnik">Oren Patashnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-sourcecode_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program is written in <a href="/wiki/Web_(programming_system)" title="Web (programming system)">WEB/Pascal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sourcecode_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Version 0.98f was released in March 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-sourcecode_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With version 0.99c (released February 1988), a stationary state was reached for 22 years.<sup id="cite_ref-sourcecode_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2010, version 0.99d was released to improve <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> printing. Further releases were announced.<sup id="cite_ref-sourcecode_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reimplementations">Reimplementations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reimplementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>BibTeXu</dt> <dd>A reimplementation of bibtex (by Yannis Haralambous and his students) that supports the UTF-8 character set. Taco Hoekwater of the <a href="/wiki/LuaTeX" title="LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a> team criticized it in 2010 for poor documentation and for generating errors that are difficult to debug.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>bibtex8</dt> <dd>A reimplementation of bibtex that supports 8-bit character sets.<sup id="cite_ref-ctan-bibtex8_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctan-bibtex8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>CL-BibTeX</dt> <dd>A completely compatible reimplementation of bibtex in <a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a>, capable of using bibtex .bst files directly or converting them into human-readable Lisp .lbst files.<sup id="cite_ref-ctan-bibtex8_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctan-bibtex8-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CL-BibTeX supports <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> in Unicode Lisp implementations, using any character set that Lisp knows about.</dd> <dt>MLBibTeX</dt> <dd>A reimplementation of BibTeX focusing on multilingual features, by Jean-Michel Hufflen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Biber_(LaTeX)" title="Biber (LaTeX)">BibLaTeX</a></dt> <dd>A complete reimplementation. "It redesigns the way in which LaTeX interacts with BibTeX at a fairly fundamental level. With biblatex, BibTeX is only used to sort the bibliography and to generate labels. Instead of being implemented in BibTeX's style files, the formatting of the bibliography is entirely controlled by TeX macros."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses the bibliography processing program <a href="/wiki/Biber_(LaTeX)" title="Biber (LaTeX)">Biber</a> and offers full Unicode and theming support. BibLaTeX comes with a new file format specification that uses the same syntax as the BibTeX file format but with more and different bibliographic entry types and field types.</dd> <dt>Bibulous</dt> <dd>A drop-in BibTeX replacement based on style templates, including full Unicode support, written in Python.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Database_files">Database files</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Database files"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BibTeX uses a style-independent text-based <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file format</a>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Flat-file_database" title="Flat-file database">flat-file database</a>, to store bibliography items, such as articles, books, and theses. BibTeX database file names usually end in <code>.bib</code>. A BibTeX database file is formed by a list of entries, with each entry corresponding to a bibliographical item. Entry types correspond to <a href="/wiki/Publication#Types" title="Publication">various types of bibliographic sources</a> such as <code>article</code>, <code>book</code>, or <code>conference</code>. </p><p>An example entry which describes a mathematical handbook would be structured as an entry name followed by a list of fields, such as <code>author</code> and <code>title</code>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-bibtex mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nc">@Book</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nl">abramowitz+stegun</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">author</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Milton {Abramowitz} and Irene A. {Stegun}"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">title</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Handbook of Mathematical Functions with</span> <span class="s"> Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">publisher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Dover"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">year</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1964</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">address</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"New York City"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">edition</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"ninth Dover printing, tenth GPO printing"</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <p>If a document references this handbook, the bibliographic information may be formatted in different ways depending on which <a href="/wiki/Citation_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Citation style">citation style</a> (<a href="/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style">APA</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_MLA_style_manual" class="mw-redirect" title="The MLA style manual">MLA</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style" title="The Chicago Manual of Style">Chicago</a> etc.) is employed. The way LaTeX deals with this is by specifying <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-latex mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">\cite</span></code> commands and the desired bibliography style in the LaTeX document. If the command <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-latex mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="k">\cite</span><span class="nb">{</span>abramowitz+stegun<span class="nb">}</span></code> appears inside a LaTeX document, the <code>bibtex</code> program will include this book in the list of references for the document and generate appropriate LaTeX formatting code. When viewing the formatted LaTeX document, the result might look like this: </p> <dl><dd>Abramowitz, Milton and Irene A. Stegun (1964), <i>Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables.</i> New York: Dover.</dd></dl> <p>Depending on the style file, BibTeX may rearrange authors' last names, change the case of titles, omit fields present in the <code>.bib</code> file, format text in italics, add punctuation, etc. Since the same style file is used for an entire list of references, these are all formatted consistently with minimal effort required from authors or editors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_types">Entry types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Entry types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A BibTeX database can contain the following types of entries: </p> <dl><dt><code>article</code></dt> <dd>An article from a journal or magazine.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, journal, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">volume/number, pages, month, doi, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>book</code></dt> <dd>A book with an explicit publisher.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author/editor, title, publisher, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">volume/number, series, address, edition, month, note, key, url</span></dd> <dt><code>booklet</code></dt> <dd>A work that is printed and bound, but without a named publisher or sponsoring institution.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">title</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, howpublished, address, month, year, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>conference</code></dt> <dd>The same as <code>inproceedings</code>, included for <a href="/wiki/Scribe_(markup_language)" title="Scribe (markup language)">Scribe</a> compatibility.</dd> <dt><code>inbook</code></dt> <dd>A part of a book, usually untitled. May be a chapter (or section, etc.) and/or a range of pages.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author/editor, title, chapter/pages, publisher, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">volume/number, series, type, address, edition, month, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>incollection</code></dt> <dd>A part of a book having its own title.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, booktitle, publisher, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">editor, volume/number, series, type, chapter, pages, address, edition, month, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>inproceedings</code></dt> <dd>An article in a conference proceedings.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, booktitle, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">editor, volume/number, series, pages, address, month, organization, publisher, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>manual</code></dt> <dd>Technical documentation.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">title</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>mastersthesis</code></dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's</a> <a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">thesis</a>.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, school, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">type, address, month, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>misc</code></dt> <dd>For use when nothing else fits.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">none</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, howpublished, month, year, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>phdthesis</code></dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> thesis.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, school, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">type, address, month, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>proceedings</code></dt> <dd>The proceedings of a conference.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">title, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">editor, volume/number, series, address, month, publisher, organization, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>techreport</code></dt> <dd>A report published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, institution, year</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">type, number, address, month, note, key</span></dd> <dt><code>unpublished</code></dt> <dd>A document having an author and title, but not formally published.</dd> <dd>Required fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">author, title, note</span></dd> <dd>Optional fields: <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">month, year, key</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_types">Field types</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Field types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A BibTeX entry can contain various types of fields. The following types are recognized by the default bibliography styles; some third-party styles may accept additional ones: </p> <dl><dt><code>address</code></dt> <dd>Publisher's address (usually just the city, but can be the full address for lesser-known publishers)</dd> <dt><code>annote</code></dt> <dd>An annotation for annotated bibliography styles (not typical)</dd> <dt><code>author</code></dt> <dd>The name(s) of the author(s) (in the case of more than one author, separated by <code>and</code>)</dd> <dt><code>booktitle</code></dt> <dd>The title of the book, if only part of it is being cited</dd> <dt><code>Email</code></dt> <dd>The email of the author(s)</dd> <dt><code>chapter</code></dt> <dd>The chapter number</dd> <dt><code>crossref</code></dt> <dd>The key of the cross-referenced entry</dd> <dt><code>doi</code></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">Digital object identifier</a></dd> <dt><code>edition</code></dt> <dd>The edition of a book, long form (such as "First" or "Second")</dd> <dt><code>editor</code></dt> <dd>The name(s) of the editor(s)</dd> <dt><code>howpublished</code></dt> <dd>How it was published, if the publishing method is nonstandard</dd> <dt><code>institution</code></dt> <dd>The institution that was involved in the publishing, but not necessarily the publisher</dd> <dt><code>journal</code></dt> <dd>The journal or magazine the work was published in</dd> <dt><code>key</code></dt> <dd>A hidden field used for specifying or overriding the alphabetical order of entries (when the "author" and "editor" fields are missing). Note that this is very different from the key (mentioned just after this list) that is used to cite or cross-reference the entry.</dd> <dt><code>month</code></dt> <dd>The month of publication (or, if unpublished, the month of creation)</dd> <dt><code>note</code></dt> <dd>Miscellaneous extra information</dd> <dt><code>number</code></dt> <dd>The "(issue) number" of a journal, magazine, or tech-report, if applicable. Note that this is not the "article number" assigned by some journals.</dd> <dt><code>organization</code></dt> <dd>The conference sponsor</dd> <dt><code>pages</code></dt> <dd>Page numbers, separated either by commas or double-hyphens.</dd> <dt><code>publisher</code></dt> <dd>The publisher's name</dd> <dt><code>school</code></dt> <dd>The school where the thesis was written</dd> <dt><code>series</code></dt> <dd>The series of books the book was published in (e.g. "<a href="/wiki/The_Hardy_Boys" title="The Hardy Boys">The Hardy Boys</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science" title="Lecture Notes in Computer Science">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</a>")</dd> <dt><code>title</code></dt> <dd>The title of the work</dd> <dt><code>type</code></dt> <dd>The field overriding the default type of publication (e.g. "Research Note" for techreport, "{PhD} dissertation" for phdthesis, "Section" for inbook/incollection)</dd> <dt><code>volume</code></dt> <dd>The volume of a journal or multi-volume book</dd> <dt><code>year</code></dt> <dd>The year of publication (or, if unpublished, the year of creation)</dd></dl> <p>In addition, each entry contains a key (Bibtexkey) that is used to cite or cross-reference the entry. This key is the first item in a BibTeX entry, and is not part of any field. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_files">Style files</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Style files"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BibTeX formats bibliographic items according to a style file, typically by generating TeX or LaTeX formatting commands, but style files can also be used to generate other types of output like <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>. BibTeX style files commonly use the file extension <code>.bst</code> and are written in a simple, stack-based programming language (dubbed "BibTeX Anonymous Forth-Like Language", or "BAFLL", by Drew McDermott<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) that describes how bibliography items should be formatted. There are some packages that can generate <code>.bst</code> files automatically, such as custom-bib and Bib-it.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most journals or publishers that support LaTeX use a customized bibliographic style file for the convenience of the authors, often included as part of a complete LaTeX template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_uses">Examples of uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Examples of uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics_Data_System" title="Astrophysics Data System">Astrophysics Data System</a> – The NASA ADS is an online database of over eight million astronomy and physics papers and provides BibTeX format citations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BibDesk" title="BibDesk">BibDesk</a> – Open-source software application for <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> for creating, editing, managing, and searching BibTeX files.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BibSonomy" title="BibSonomy">BibSonomy</a> – A social bookmark and publication management system based on BibTeX.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citavi" title="Citavi">Citavi</a> – Reference manager. Works with various TeX-Editors and supports BibTeX input and output.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiteSeer" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeer">CiteSeer</a> – An online database of research publications which can produce BibTeX format citations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiteULike" title="CiteULike">CiteULike</a> (discontinued) – A community based bibliography database that had BibTeX input and output.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collection_of_Computer_Science_Bibliographies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies">The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies</a> – uses BibTeX as internal data format, search results and contributions primarily in BibTeX.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connotea" title="Connotea">Connotea</a> – Open-source social bookmark style publication management system.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Bibliography_%26_Library_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Bibliography & Library Project">Digital Bibliography & Library Project</a> – A bibliography website that lists more than 910,000 articles in the computer science field.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> – The bibliographic information for each book is exportable in BibTeX format via the 'Export Citation' feature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a> – Google's system for searching scholarly literature provides BibTeX format citations if the option is enabled in 'Scholar Preferences'.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google.ai" class="mw-redirect" title="Google.ai">Google Research</a> – Housed within the <a href="/wiki/Artificial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial Intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> division of Google is a compilation of publications by Google staff with BibTeX citation links.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HubMed" title="HubMed">HubMed</a> – A versatile <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> interface including BibTeX output.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSPIRE-HEP" title="INSPIRE-HEP">INSPIRE-HEP</a> – The INSPIRE High-Energy Physics literature database provides BibTeX format citations for over one million high-energy physics papers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JabRef" title="JabRef">JabRef</a> – Open-source cross-platform software application for creating, editing, managing, and searching BibTeX and BibLaTeX files.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathSciNet" title="MathSciNet">MathSciNet</a> – Database by the American Mathematical Society (subscription), choose BibTeX in the "Select alternative format" box</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a> – Reference manager, for collecting papers. It supports exporting collections into bib files and keep them synchronized with its own database.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperpile" title="Paperpile">Paperpile</a> – Reference manager, supports BibTeX input and output. BibTeX output can be customized.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoc" title="Pandoc">Pandoc</a> – Open-source document converter that can read a BibTeX file and produce formatted citations in any bibliography style specified in a <a href="/wiki/Citation_style_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Citation style language">citation style language</a> (CSL) file.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqqa" title="Qiqqa">Qiqqa</a> – Software application for <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> that includes a fully featured BibTeX editor and validator, along with tools for automatically populating BibTeX records for PDFs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refbase" title="Refbase">refbase</a> – Open-source reference manager for institutional repositories and self archiving with BibTeX input and output.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RefTeX" title="RefTeX">RefTeX</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> based reference manager.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikindx" title="Wikindx">Wikindx</a> – Open-source <a href="/wiki/Virtual_research_environment" title="Virtual research environment">virtual research environment</a>/enhanced bibliography manager including BibTeX input and output.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> – Pressing <i>cite this page</i> in the <i>Tools</i> menu of an article provides a BibTeX format citation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zentralblatt_MATH" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentralblatt MATH">Zentralblatt MATH</a> – Database by the <a href="/wiki/European_Mathematical_Society" title="European Mathematical Society">European Mathematical Society</a>, FIZ Karlsruhe and Heidelberg Academy (subscription, 3 free entries); choose BibTeX button or format.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotero" title="Zotero">Zotero</a> – Open-source reference manager with advanced features such as synchronization between different computers, social bookmarking, searching inside saved <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDFs</a> and BibTeX output.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <p><b>Data schemes</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EndNote#Tags_and_fields" title="EndNote">EndNote</a> – a text-based data scheme used by the EndNote program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refer_(software)" title="Refer (software)">refer</a> – an aging text-based data scheme supported on UNIX-like systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIS_(file_format)" title="RIS (file format)">RIS</a> – a text-based data scheme from Research Information Systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebop_(software)" title="Bebop (software)">Bebop</a> – a web-based front-end interface for BibTeX</li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citation_Style_Language" title="Citation Style Language">Citation Style Language</a> – a newer XML-based bibliography style specification analogous to BibTeX's .bst files but processed instead by the <a href="/wiki/CiteProc" title="CiteProc">CiteProc</a> program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_reference_management_software" title="Comparison of reference management software">Comparison of reference management software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_TeX_extensions" title="List of TeX extensions">List of TeX extensions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tug.org/bibtex/">"BibTeX - TeX Users Group"</a>. <i>tug.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tug.org&rft.atitle=BibTeX+-+TeX+Users+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftug.org%2Fbibtex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sourcecode-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sourcecode_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcecode_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcecode_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcecode_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcecode_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourcecode_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927042356/http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/bibliography/bibtex/base/bibtex.web">"BibTeX WEB source code"</a>. <i>www.tex.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/bibliography/bibtex/base/bibtex.web">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tex.ac.uk&rft.atitle=BibTeX+WEB+source+code&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tex.ac.uk%2Ftex-archive%2Fbibliography%2Fbibtex%2Fbase%2Fbibtex.web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101017/http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.tex.live/26044">"BibTeXU"</a>. <i>permalink.gmane.org</i>. 2010-06-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.tex.live/26044">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=permalink.gmane.org&rft.atitle=BibTeXU&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpermalink.gmane.org%2Fgmane.comp.tex.live%2F26044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctan-bibtex8-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ctan-bibtex8_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctan-bibtex8_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/bibtex8">"Package bibtex8"</a>. <i>CTAN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=river-valley.zeeba.tv&rft.atitle=MlBibTeX%27s+Architecture+%26%23124%3B+Zeeba+TV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friver-valley.zeeba.tv%2Fmlbibtex-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Description of the package biblatex from Debian's wheezy distribution as of May 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhagen.github.io/bibulous/">"Bibulous documentation — Bibulous 1.3.2 documentation"</a>. <i>nzhagen.github.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzhagen.github.io&rft.atitle=Bibulous+documentation+%E2%80%94+Bibulous+1.3.2+documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhagen.github.io%2Fbibulous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.lang.lisp/c/jUwJB-nDRz0/m/7PhRS0hx1OYJ">"Bibtex in Lisp?"</a>. <i>groups.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=groups.google.com&rft.atitle=Bibtex+in+Lisp%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Fcomp.lang.lisp%2Fc%2FjUwJB-nDRz0%2Fm%2F7PhRS0hx1OYJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/custom-bib">"CTAN: custom-bib – Customised BibTeX styles"</a>. <i>ctan.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ctan.org&rft.atitle=CTAN%3A+custom-bib+%E2%80%93+Customised+BibTeX+styles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctan.org%2Ftex-archive%2Fmacros%2Flatex%2Fcontrib%2Fcustom-bib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib-it.sourceforge.net/help/generateBibstyle.php">"Bib-it: Help – Generate BibTeX styles"</a>. <i>bib-it.sourceforge.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bib-it.sourceforge.net&rft.atitle=Bib-it%3A+Help+%E2%80%93+Generate+BibTeX+styles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbib-it.sourceforge.net%2Fhelp%2FgenerateBibstyle.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicardo_Vidal2011" class="citation web cs1">Ricardo Vidal (2011-10-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mendeley.com/blog/tipstricks/howto-use-mendeley-to-create-citations-using-latex-and-bibtex/">"HOWTO: Use Mendeley to create citations using LaTeX and BibTeX"</a>. <i>Mendeley.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mendeley.com&rft.atitle=HOWTO%3A+Use+Mendeley+to+create+citations+using+LaTeX+and+BibTeX&rft.date=2011-10-25&rft.au=Ricardo+Vidal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mendeley.com%2Fblog%2Ftipstricks%2Fhowto-use-mendeley-to-create-citations-using-latex-and-bibtex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABibTeX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BibTeX&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:LaTeX">LaTeX</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Bibliography_Management" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:LaTeX/Bibliography Management">Bibliography Management</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/bibtex">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8029#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibtex.org">bibtex.org</a> third-party site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/base/btxdoc.pdf">BibTeXing</a>. The original manual (1988) by the co-author of BibTeX, Oren Patashnik.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2006-4/fenn/">Managing Citations and Your Bibliography with BibTeX</a> by Jürgen Fenn (The <a href="/wiki/PracTeX_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="PracTeX Journal">PracTeX Journal</a> 2006, number 4).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial3.html">BibTeX tutorial</a>. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMS-LaTeX" title="AMS-LaTeX">AMS-TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArabTeX" title="ArabTeX">ArabTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CircuiTikZ" title="CircuiTikZ">CircuiTikZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConTeXt" title="ConTeXt">ConTeXt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusiXTeX" title="MusiXTeX">MusiXTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">Plain TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpTeX (page does not exist)">OpTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSTricks" title="PSTricks">PSTricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGF/TikZ" title="PGF/TikZ">TikZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XyMTeX" title="XyMTeX">XyMTeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternative TeX engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LuaTeX" title="LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PdfTeX" title="PdfTeX">pdfTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XeTeX" title="XeTeX">XeTeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omega_(TeX)#Aleph_and_LuaTeX" title="Omega (TeX)">Aleph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX_Live" title="TeX Live">ε-TeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Typesetting_System" title="New Typesetting System">NTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_(TeX)" title="Omega (TeX)">Omega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distributions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MiKTeX" title="MiKTeX">MiKTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeX_Live" title="TeX Live">TeX Live</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacTeX" title="MacTeX">MacTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W32TeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W32TeX (page does not exist)">W32TeX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TeXPortal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeXPortal (page does not exist)">TeXPortal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TinyTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TinyTeX (page does not exist)">TinyTeX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaTeX" title="AmigaTeX">AmigaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FpTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FpTeX (page does not exist)">fpTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GwTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GwTeX (page does not exist)">gwTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OzTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OzTeX (page does not exist)">OzTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PasTeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PasTeX (page does not exist)">PasTeX</a></li> <li><a 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