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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">Low culture</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Lowbrow</b>, or <b>lowbrow art</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Underground_culture" title="Underground culture">underground</a> <a href="/wiki/Visual_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual art">visual art</a> movement that arose in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a> area in the late 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a populist art movement with its cultural roots in <a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">underground comix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk music">punk music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiki_culture" title="Tiki culture">tiki culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hot-rod" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-rod">hot-rod</a> cultures of the street.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartinez2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartinez2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also often known by the name <b>pop surrealism</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKordic2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKordic2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lowbrow art often has a sense of humor – sometimes the humor is gleeful, impish, or a sarcastic comment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsaakc._2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsaakc._2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Lowbrow</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg/220px-Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg/330px-Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg/440px-Parker_Tiki_Cat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="792"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Tiki Cat", lowbrow art by <a href="/wiki/Brad_Parker_(artist)" title="Brad Parker (artist)">Brad Parker</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1979–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major figures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Scharf" title="Kenny Scharf">Scharf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ryden" title="Mark Ryden">Ryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Freeny" title="Jason Freeny">Freeny</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Designer_toy" class="mw-redirect" title="Designer toy">Designer toys</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most lowbrow artworks are <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">paintings</a>, but there are also <a href="/wiki/Designer_toys" class="mw-redirect" title="Designer toys">toys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Magazines"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Magazines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Some of the first artists to create what came to be known as lowbrow art were underground cartoonists like <a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a>. Barry McGee, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Kilgallen" title="Margaret Kilgallen">Margaret Kilgallen</a>, Dan "Plasma" Rauch and Camilla Elke were amongst the first to pioneer Lowbrow as a street art, zine, fashion, graffiti, and counter culture movement. The purpose of the lowbrow movement was to take an unorthodox approach to art and to completely defy its "rules". This resulted in pushback from significant individuals and organizations in the art industry.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early shows were in alternative <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">galleries</a> in New York and Los Angeles such as Psychedelic Solutions Gallery in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, New York City which was run by <a href="/wiki/Jacaeber_Kastor" title="Jacaeber Kastor">Jacaeber Kastor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/La_Luz_de_Jesus" title="La Luz de Jesus">La Luz de Jesus</a> run by Billy Shire<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaLuzDeJesus.com_(n.d.)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaLuzDeJesus.com_(n.d.)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/01_gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="01 gallery">01 gallery</a> in Hollywood, run by John Pochna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement steadily grew from its beginning, with hundreds of artists adopting this style. As the number of artists grew, so did the number of galleries showing lowbrow. In 1992 Greg Escalante helped orchestrate the first formal gallery exhibition to take lowbrow art seriously; painter <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ausgang" title="Anthony Ausgang">Anthony Ausgang's</a> solo show "Looney Virtues” at the Julie Rico Gallery in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a>. The Bess Cutler Gallery also went on to show important artists and helped expand the kind of art that was classified as lowbrow. The lowbrow magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Juxtapoz" title="Juxtapoz">Juxtapoz</a></i>, launched in 1994 by Robert Williams, Greg Escalante, and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Swenson" title="Eric Swenson">Eric Swenson</a>, has been a mainstay of writing on lowbrow art and has helped shape and expand the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGivens20131_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGivens20131-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In an article in the February 2006 issue of his magazine <i>Juxtapoz</i>, Robert Williams took credit for originating the term "lowbrow art". He stated that in 1979 <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a> of the publisher <a href="/wiki/Rip_Off_Press" title="Rip Off Press">Rip Off Press</a> decided to produce a book featuring Willams' paintings. Williams said he decided to give the book the self-deprecating title <i>The Lowbrow Art of Robt. Williams</i>, since no authorized art institution would recognize his type of art. "Lowbrow" was thus used by Williams in opposition to "<a href="/wiki/Highbrow" title="Highbrow">highbrow</a>". He said the name then stuck, even though he feels it is inappropriate. Williams refers to the movement as "cartoon-tainted abstract surrealism."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsc._2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsc._2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lately, Williams has begun referring to his own work as "Conceptual Realism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ausgang" title="Anthony Ausgang">Anthony Ausgang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ryden" title="Mark Ryden">Mark Ryden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Rose_Garcia" title="Camille Rose Garcia">Camille Rose Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_(artist)" title="Shag (artist)">Shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Schorr" title="Todd Schorr">Todd Schorr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Simkins" title="Greg Simkins">Greg Simkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Sol" title="Amy Sol">Amy Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Scharf" title="Kenny Scharf">Kenny Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Caesar" title="Ray Caesar">Ray Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esao_Andrews" title="Esao Andrews">Esao Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Peck" title="Marion Peck">Marion Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_McPherson" title="Tara McPherson">Tara McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Buick" title="Sunny Buick">Sunny Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Kawasaki" title="Audrey Kawasaki">Audrey Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Leavitt_(artist)" title="Michael Leavitt (artist)">Michael Leavitt (artist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Biskup" title="Tim Biskup">Tim Biskup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sas_Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sas Christian (page does not exist)">Sas Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin Christian (page does not exist)">Colin Christian</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Books" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>There are several books which offer overview histories of lowbrow, including the following: </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTropeano2020" class="citation book cs1">Tropeano, Mauro (2020). <i>Lowbrow Art / Pop Surrealism (Le Origini / La Storia)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Blurb" title="Blurb">Blurb</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781715775650" title="Special:BookSources/9781715775650"><bdi>9781715775650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lowbrow+Art+%2F+Pop+Surrealism+%28Le+Origini+%2F+La+Storia%29&rft.pub=Blurb&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781715775650&rft.aulast=Tropeano&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShire2011" class="citation book cs1">Shire, Billy (2011). <i>La Luz de Jesus 25</i>. <a href="/wiki/Last_Gasp_(publisher)" title="Last Gasp (publisher)">Last Gasp</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780867197648" title="Special:BookSources/9780867197648"><bdi>9780867197648</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Luz+de+Jesus+25&rft.pub=Last+Gasp&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780867197648&rft.aulast=Shire&rft.aufirst=Billy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span> A collection of <a href="/wiki/La_Luz_de_Jesus" title="La Luz de Jesus">La Luz de Jesus Gallery</a> in Hollywood, CA that has carried Lowbrow art for 25 years.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsMcCormickReid2004" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Robert; McCormick, Carlo; Reid, Larry (2004). Anderson, Kirsten (ed.). <i>Pop Surrealism: The Rise of Underground Art</i>. <a href="/wiki/Last_Gasp_(publisher)" title="Last Gasp (publisher)">Last Gasp</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0867196181" title="Special:BookSources/0867196181"><bdi>0867196181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Surrealism%3A+The+Rise+of+Underground+Art&rft.pub=Last+Gasp&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0867196181&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Carlo&rft.au=Reid%2C+Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2005" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, Matt Dukes (2005). <i>Weirdo Deluxe: The Wild World of Pop Surrealism and Lowbrow Art</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Books" title="Chronicle Books">Chronicle Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780811842419" title="Special:BookSources/9780811842419"><bdi>9780811842419</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weirdo+Deluxe%3A+The+Wild+World+of+Pop+Surrealism+and+Lowbrow+Art&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780811842419&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Matt+Dukes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoseStrikeBaker2004" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Aaron; Strike, Christian; Baker, Alex (2004). <i>Beautiful Losers: Contemporary Art and Street Culture</i>. Iconoclast. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1891024744" title="Special:BookSources/1891024744"><bdi>1891024744</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beautiful+Losers%3A+Contemporary+Art+and+Street+Culture&rft.pub=Iconoclast&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1891024744&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Strike%2C+Christian&rft.au=Baker%2C+Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullison2002" class="citation book cs1">Cullison, Sherri (2002). <i>Vicious, Delicious, and Ambitious: 20th Century Women Artists</i>. Schiffer Pub. Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0764316346" title="Special:BookSources/0764316346"><bdi>0764316346</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vicious%2C+Delicious%2C+and+Ambitious%3A+20th+Century+Women+Artists&rft.pub=Schiffer+Pub.+Limited&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0764316346&rft.aulast=Cullison&rft.aufirst=Sherri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Magazines">Magazines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Magazines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Juxtapoz" title="Juxtapoz">Juxtapoz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PORK_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="PORK (magazine)">PORK (magazine)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beautiful/Decay_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beautiful/Decay Magazine">Beautiful/Decay Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokion" title="Tokion">Tokion</a></i> is a magazine with both Japanese and US editions.</li> <li><i>Hi-Fructose</i></li> <li>Beautiful Bizarre Magazine</li> <li>Hey Magazine</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Imagists" title="Chicago Imagists">Chicago Imagists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kustom_Kulture" title="Kustom Kulture">Kustom Kulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindall2006168_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindall2006168-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebrow" title="Middlebrow">Middlebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naive_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Naive art">Naive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_culture" title="Tiki culture">Tiki culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_art" title="Underground art">Underground art</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magliozzi (2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartinez2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartinez2015_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartinez2015">Martinez (2015)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKordic2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKordic2016_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKordic2016">Kordic (2016)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsaakc._2005-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsaakc._2005_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsaakc._2005">Esaak (c. 2005)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/lowbrow-art-subcultural-movement-or-legitimate-art-generation/">"Lowbrow Art, Subcultural Movement or Legitimate Art Generation?"</a>. <i>DailyArt Magazine</i>. 2020-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyArt+Magazine&rft.atitle=Lowbrow+Art%2C+Subcultural+Movement+or+Legitimate+Art+Generation%3F&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyartmagazine.com%2Flowbrow-art-subcultural-movement-or-legitimate-art-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDouglas2012_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDouglas2012">Douglas (2012)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaLuzDeJesus.com_(n.d.)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaLuzDeJesus.com_(n.d.)_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaLuzDeJesus.com_(n.d.)">LaLuzDeJesus.com (n.d.)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGivens20131-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGivens20131_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGivens2013">Givens (2013)</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsc._2007-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsc._2007_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliamsc._2007">Williams (c. 2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2010_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2010">Williams (2010)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELindall2006168-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindall2006168_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLindall2006">Lindall (2006)</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas2012" class="citation web cs1">Douglas, Beth (March 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.redbubble.com/2012/03/an-introduction-to-lowbrow-art-and-pop-surrealism/">"An Introduction to Lowbrow Art and Pop Surrealism"</a>. <i>Redbubble.com</i>. Melbourne, Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216150232/https://blog.redbubble.com/2012/03/an-introduction-to-lowbrow-art-and-pop-surrealism/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York, NY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414124936/https://www.thoughtco.com/the-lowbrow-movement-art-history-182926">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo.com&rft.atitle=The+Lowbrow+Movement%3A+Art+History+101+Basics&rft.aulast=Esaak&rft.aufirst=Shelley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fthe-lowbrow-movement-art-history-182926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGivens2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Givens, Joseph R. (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653&context=gradschool_theses"><i>Lowbrow art : the unlikely defender of art history's tradition</i></a> (MA). Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. etd-04132013-151026. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216150914/https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653&context=gradschool_theses">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London, England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709225633/https://www.widewalls.ch/lowbrow-art-pop-surrealism/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Widewalls.ch&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Lowbrow+Art+Movement%3F+When+Surrealism+Took+Over+Pop&rft.date=2016-07-04&rft.aulast=Kordic&rft.aufirst=Angie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.widewalls.ch%2Flowbrow-art-pop-surrealism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaLuzDeJesus.com_(n.d.)" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laluzdejesus.com/about/">"La Luz De Jesus: About"</a>. <i>LaLuzDeJesus.com</i>. Los Angeles, CA. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130152854/https://laluzdejesus.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LaLuzDeJesus.com&rft.atitle=La+Luz+De+Jesus%3A+About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaluzdejesus.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindall2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Lindall, Terrance (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studylib.net/doc/8353044/what-s-new-in-the-surreal-world">"What's New In the Surreal World - Surrealism isn't Dead, It's Dreaming"</a>. <i>Art & Antiques</i>. Wilmington, NC: Art & Antiques Worldwide Media, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+%26+Antiques&rft.atitle=What%27s+New+In+the+Surreal+World+-+Surrealism+isn%27t+Dead%2C+It%27s+Dreaming&rft.date=2006-03&rft.aulast=Lindall&rft.aufirst=Terrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudylib.net%2Fdoc%2F8353044%2Fwhat-s-new-in-the-surreal-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinez2015" class="citation web cs1">Martinez, Ricardo (December 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.widewalls.ch/pop-surrealism-lowbrow/">"From Pop Surrealism to Lowbrow - Something Got Lost in Translation"</a>. <i>Widewalls.ch</i>. London, England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211215419/http://www.widewalls.ch/pop-surrealism-lowbrow/">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Widewalls.ch&rft.atitle=From+Pop+Surrealism+to+Lowbrow+-+Something+Got+Lost+in+Translation&rft.date=2015-12-05&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.widewalls.ch%2Fpop-surrealism-lowbrow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Magliozzi, Ron. "Tim Burton: Exercising the Imagination." <i>Tim Burton</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, 2009, pp. 9-15.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2010" class="citation interview cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Williams, Roberts</a> (February 7, 2010). "Molly Barnes Art News" (Interview). Interviewed by Molly Barnes. Los Angeles, CA: <a href="/wiki/KCSN" title="KCSN">KCSN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Molly+Barnes+Art+News&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.pub=KCSN&rft.date=2010-02-07&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Roberts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsc._2007" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Robert (c. 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509085309/http://beinart.org/info/essays/robert-williams.php">"Robert Williams Essay - beinArt Surreal Art Collective"</a>. <i>beinArt.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beinart.org/info/essays/robert-williams.php">the original</a> on May 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beinArt.org&rft.atitle=Robert+Williams+Essay+-+beinArt+Surreal+Art+Collective&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeinart.org%2Finfo%2Fessays%2Frobert-williams.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowbrow+%28art+movement%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lowbrow_(art_movement)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725103704/http://www.seattlest.com/archives/2005/11/02/seattlest_interview_kirsten_anderson_founder_and_owner_of_roq_la_rue_gallery.php">Interview with Kirsten Anderson, editor of <i>Pop Surrealism</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017052726/http://www.markryden.com/press/laweekly1005.html">2005 L.A. 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id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowbrow" title="Lowbrow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lowbrow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowbrow" title="Lowbrow – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lowbrow" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowbrow" title="Lowbrow – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lowbrow" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowbrow" title="Lowbrow – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lowbrow" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowbrow" title="Lowbrow – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lowbrow" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ローブローアート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローブローアート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowbrow" title="Lowbrow – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lowbrow" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealismo-Pop" title="Surrealismo-Pop – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Surrealismo-Pop" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF-%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Поп-сюрреализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поп-сюрреализм" 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