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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marguerite Norris</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Marguerite Norris</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">February 16, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 12, 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-05-12)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury, Connecticut</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Sports team owner and executive</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Board member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">John J. Riker</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1960)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_E._Norris" title="James E. Norris">James E. Norris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_D._Norris" title="James D. Norris">James D. Norris</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Norris_(ice_hockey)" title="Bruce Norris (ice hockey)">Bruce Norris</a> (brother)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marguerite Ann Norris</b> (February 16, 1927 – May 12, 1994), also known as <b>Marguerite Riker</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Marguerite Norris-Riker</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> executive. She was the first female team executive in <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) history. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Norris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norris was born to <a href="/wiki/James_E._Norris" title="James E. Norris">James E. Norris</a> in 1927 and was the sister of <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Norris_(ice_hockey)" title="Bruce Norris (ice hockey)">Bruce</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_D._Norris" title="James D. Norris">James D. Norris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the youngest sibling of four, she was often made the goaltender for her brothers to practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Duff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norris was educated at <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and worked for West Farm Management and <a href="/wiki/Dun_%26_Bradstreet" title="Dun & Bradstreet">Dun & Bradstreet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hockey_career">Hockey career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Norris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hockey career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norris became president of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) after her father James E. Norris died in 1952, making her the first female chief executive in the history of the league.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Manager <a href="/wiki/Jack_Adams" title="Jack Adams">Jack Adams</a> announced that Norris was selected by her father prior to his death to succeed him as president.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her first meeting with the press, she was surrounded by hockey reporters, fashion reporters, and photographers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to Norris' first game with the Red Wings against the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Richard" title="Maurice Richard">Maurice Richard</a> made an exception to his usual rule of "fraternizing with the enemy" after he was selected by his head coach to present her with flowers. It was later reported this angered him so much he took six minor penalties in the first period.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after her takeover, reports emerged that the arena was cleaner, freshly painted, and a wire screen was in place to protect fans from flying pucks.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norris also advocated for arenas to be more female fan friendly and for all farm teams to be equally treated across the system.<sup id="cite_ref-Conway_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conway-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her tenure with the Red Wings, she saw the team finish first three years in a row and win the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/1953%E2%80%9354_NHL_season" title="1953–54 NHL season">1954</a> and <a href="/wiki/1954%E2%80%9355_NHL_season" title="1954–55 NHL season">1955 seasons</a>, making her the first woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup.<sup id="cite_ref-Duff_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, despite her success, she still experienced discrimination based on her gender. <a href="/wiki/Conn_Smythe" title="Conn Smythe">Conn Smythe</a> forbade Norris from sitting on the Board of Governors although she secretly voted through Jack Adams using hand gestures.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Adams was more than willing to serve as Marguerite's proxy, he bristled at having to answer to a woman who was in her late 20s and was more than 30 years his junior.<sup id="cite_ref-HoweBio_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoweBio-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, he insisted on calling her "dearie."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marguerite could have summarily fired Adams, who hadn't signed a contract with the Red Wings since her father bought the team in 1932 and allowed Adams to keep his job on probation. However, Marguerite didn't do so. </p><p>After the championship 1955 season, Marguerite lost an interfamily struggle to Bruce,<sup id="cite_ref-HoweBio_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoweBio-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who became team president while Marguerite was demoted to Vice President.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then focused on her business interests in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and her siblings donated $300, 000 to fund the James Norris Physical Education Center at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior_State_University" title="Lake Superior State University">Lake Superior State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Years later, Red Wings great <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe" title="Gordie Howe">Gordie Howe</a> wrote in his autobiography, <i>Mr. Hockey: My Story</i>, that Marguerite's ouster spelled the beginning of the end of the Red Wings' golden age, in which they'd finished first in eight out of 10 seasons–including seven in a row–and won four Cups. Howe believed that Marguerite was "smart and capable," as did many of his teammates. He also noted that Marguerite had been able to rein in Adams' inclination to "upset the apple cart" with blockbuster trades, as evidenced by Adams trading away eight players who had formed the core of the 1955 champions within days of Bruce taking over the team presidency. The Red Wings would not win another Cup until 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-HoweBio_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoweBio-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite her short tenure, she was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings#Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Detroit Red Wings">Red Wings Hall of Fame</a> in 1976 alongside <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Skinner" title="Jimmy Skinner">Jimmy Skinner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Ivan" title="Tommy Ivan">Tommy Ivan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Norris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norris married her husband John J. Riker on October 26, 1960 in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, they had four children; two daughters and two sons.<sup id="cite_ref-x_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norris and Riker co-owned The Westenhook Farm in <a href="/wiki/Southbury,_Connecticut" title="Southbury, Connecticut">Southbury, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She died in 1994 at age 67 at her home in <a href="/wiki/Southbury,_Connecticut" title="Southbury, Connecticut">Southbury, Connecticut</a> due to heart failure.<sup id="cite_ref-x_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Norris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_P._QuirkRodney_D._Fort" class="citation book cs1">James P. Quirk; Rodney D. Fort. <i>Pay Dirt: The Business of Professional Team Sports</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-04255-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-04255-1"><bdi>0-691-04255-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pay+Dirt%3A+The+Business+of+Professional+Team+Sports&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-691-04255-1&rft.au=James+P.+Quirk&rft.au=Rodney+D.+Fort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=b196902&page=bio&list=">"Norris, Bruce -- Biography -- Honoured Builder -- Legends of Hockey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">Hockey Hall of Fame</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norris%2C+Bruce+--+Biography+--+Honoured+Builder+--+Legends+of+Hockey&rft.pub=Hockey+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legendsofhockey.net%2FLegendsOfHockey%2Fjsp%2FLegendsMember.jsp%3Fmem%3Db196902%26page%3Dbio%26list%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_ForlowWayne_Rethford2020" class="citation book cs1">David Forlow; Wayne Rethford (April 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l9rQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>Scots of Chicago's North Shore</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467104302" title="Special:BookSources/9781467104302"><bdi>9781467104302</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scots+of+Chicago%27s+North+Shore&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2020-04-13&rft.isbn=9781467104302&rft.au=David+Forlow&rft.au=Wayne+Rethford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl9rQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/14/obituaries/marguerite-norris-hockey-team-president-67.html">"Marguerite Norris, Hockey Team President, 67"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 14, 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Marguerite+Norris%2C+Hockey+Team+President%2C+67&rft.date=1994-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F05%2F14%2Fobituaries%2Fmarguerite-norris-hockey-team-president-67.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duff-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duff_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duff_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuff2019" class="citation web cs1">Duff, Bob (March 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/redwings/news/norris-was-first-woman-to-have-her-name-inscribed-on-the-stanley-cup/c-306103640">"Norris was first woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup"</a>. <i>nhl.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhl.com&rft.atitle=Norris+was+first+woman+to+have+her+name+inscribed+on+the+Stanley+Cup&rft.date=2019-03-24&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fredwings%2Fnews%2Fnorris-was-first-woman-to-have-her-name-inscribed-on-the-stanley-cup%2Fc-306103640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12855528/exred_wing_official_won_praise/">"Ex-Red Wing official won praise"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. May 13, 1994. p. 3 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Ex-Red+Wing+official+won+praise&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1994-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F12855528%2Fexred_wing_official_won_praise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12855715/norris_daughter_wings_new_president/">"Norris' Daughter Wings' New President"</a>. <i>Detroit Free President</i>. December 14, 1952. p. 33 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+President&rft.atitle=Norris%27+Daughter+Wings%27+New+President&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1952-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F12855715%2Fnorris_daughter_wings_new_president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12855642/madam_president_looks_right_for_her_part/">"Madam President Looks Right for Her Part"</a>. <i>Detroit Free Press</i>. December 16, 1952. p. 18 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Madam+President+Looks+Right+for+Her+Part&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1952-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F12855642%2Fmadam_president_looks_right_for_her_part%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-dec-14-1952-1582853/">"Marguerite Ann Norris Names President of the Detroit Red Wings"</a>. <i>La Crosse Sunday Tribune</i>. Wisconsin, La Crosse. December 14, 1952.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Crosse+Sunday+Tribune&rft.atitle=Marguerite+Ann+Norris+Names+President+of+the+Detroit+Red+Wings&rft.date=1952-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fsports-clipping-dec-14-1952-1582853%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ofAQDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT100"><i>The Red Kelly Story</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Kelly+Story&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2016-10-11&rft.isbn=9781770909328&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DofAQDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-jan-24-1976-1584360/">"Rocket's Glare"</a>. <i>St Louis Sporting News</i>. St Louis. January 24, 1976.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St+Louis+Sporting+News&rft.atitle=Rocket%27s+Glare&rft.date=1976-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fsports-clipping-jan-24-1976-1584360%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalls1954" class="citation news cs1">Falls, Joe (January 15, 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-jan-15-1954-1582844/">"Feminine Touch Gives Detroit Rink New Look"</a>. <i>Hagerstown, Morning Herald</i>. Maryland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hagerstown%2C+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Feminine+Touch+Gives+Detroit+Rink+New+Look&rft.date=1954-01-15&rft.aulast=Falls&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fsports-clipping-jan-15-1954-1582844%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conway-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conway_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConway2017" class="citation web cs1">Conway, Jennifer (December 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nhl/news/marguerite-norris-hockey-hall-of-fame-voting-builders-stanley-cup-detroit-red-wings/1ibx168vkr4hd145bq6xggalk0">"Hockey Time Machine: The Hall of Fame case for Marguerite Norris, NHL's 'first lady of hockey'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>sportingnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sportingnews.com&rft.atitle=Hockey+Time+Machine%3A+The+Hall+of+Fame+case+for+Marguerite+Norris%2C+NHL%27s+%27first+lady+of+hockey%27&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportingnews.com%2Fus%2Fnhl%2Fnews%2Fmarguerite-norris-hockey-hall-of-fame-voting-builders-stanley-cup-detroit-red-wings%2F1ibx168vkr4hd145bq6xggalk0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinley2009" class="citation book cs1">McKinley, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5g_r5MsuEf4C&pg=PT158"><i>Hockey: A People's History</i></a>. McClelland & Stewart. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780771057717" title="Special:BookSources/9780771057717"><bdi>9780771057717</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hockey%3A+A+People%27s+History&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780771057717&rft.aulast=McKinley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5g_r5MsuEf4C%26pg%3DPT158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoweBio-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HoweBio_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoweBio_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoweBio_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGene_Myers2014" class="citation news cs1">Gene Myers (September 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red-wings/2014/09/11/new-gordie-howe-book-recounts-red-wings-decline-after-1950s-dynasty/15431555/">"New Gordie Howe book recounts Detroit Red Wings' decline after 1950s"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Gordie+Howe+book+recounts+Detroit+Red+Wings%27+decline+after+1950s&rft.date=2014-09-11&rft.au=Gene+Myers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freep.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fnhl%2Fred-wings%2F2014%2F09%2F11%2Fnew-gordie-howe-book-recounts-red-wings-decline-after-1950s-dynasty%2F15431555%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Norris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2017" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Dean (April 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/sports/hockey/nhl-100-women-have-played-key-roles-in-hockey-over-the-last-century/wcm/26aadfd3-42ee-4053-b79f-988f50dcf7c1">"NHL 100: Women have played key roles in hockey over the last century"</a>. 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Indiana. 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