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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sovjetunionens första femårsplan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 19 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_be%C5%9Fillik_plan_(SSR%C4%B0)" title="Birinci beşillik plan (SSRİ) – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birinci beşillik plan (SSRİ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_p%C4%9Btiletka_(SSSR)" title="První pětiletka (SSSR) – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První pětiletka (SSSR)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="First five-year plan (Soviet Union) – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="First five-year plan (Soviet Union)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Plan_Quinquenal_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Primer Plan Quinquenal de la Unión Soviética – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primer Plan Quinquenal de la Unión Soviética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="برنامه پنج-ساله اول شوروی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنامه پنج-ساله اول شوروی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rencana_lima_tahun_pertama" title="Rencana lima tahun pertama – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rencana lima tahun pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A9_(%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="תוכנית חומש (ברית המועצות) – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוכנית חומש (ברית המועצות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="სახალხო მეურნეობის განვითარების პირველი ხუთწლიანი გეგმა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახალხო მეურნეობის განვითარების პირველი ხუთწლიანი გეგმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Vijfjarenplan_(Sovjet-Unie)" title="Eerste Vijfjarenplan (Sovjet-Unie) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Vijfjarenplan (Sovjet-Unie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%BA%94%E3%82%AB%E5%B9%B4%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB" title="第一次五カ年計画 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次五カ年計画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_plano_quinquenal" title="Primeiro plano quinquenal – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro plano quinquenal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_plan_cincinal_al_Uniunii_Sovietice" title="Primul plan cincinal al Uniunii Sovietice – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul plan cincinal al Uniunii Sovietice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Первая пятилетка – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первая пятилетка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0)" title="Прва петолетка (СССР) – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прва петолетка (СССР)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_viisivuotissuunnitelma" title="Ensimmäinen viisivuotissuunnitelma – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen viisivuotissuunnitelma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="แผนห้าปีฉบับที่หนึ่ง – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แผนห้าปีฉบับที่หนึ่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_Be%C5%9F_Y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k_Plan_(Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi)" title="Birinci Beş Yıllık Plan (Sovyetler Birliği) – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birinci Beş Yıllık Plan (Sovyetler Birliği)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%A1%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%A0)" title="Перший п'ятирічний план (СРСР) – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перший п'ятирічний план (СРСР)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92_(%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94)" title="第一个五年计划 (苏联) – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一个五年计划 (苏联)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1661958#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Bild från 1931.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den <b>första femårsplanen</b> i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> var en serie ekonomiska mål skapade av <a href="/wiki/Josef_Stalin" title="Josef Stalin">Josef Stalin</a>, och baserade på hans policy <i><a href="/wiki/Socialism_i_ett_land" title="Socialism i ett land">socialism i ett land</a></i>. Planen syftade till att stärka landets ekonomi mellan 1928 och 1932, och bestod huvudsakligen i att göra landet militärt, industriellt och finansiellt självförsörjande. Den första femårsplanen, som igångsattes av den sovjetiska regeringen 1928 och administrerades av <a href="/wiki/Gosplan" title="Gosplan">Gosplan</a>, följde varje tillverkad produkt och transporterade den till där den behövdes vid rätt tidpunkt och andra liknande tillvägagångssätt för att höja effektiviteten. En sannolik anledning till införandet av femårsplanen ligger i Stalins vilja att stabilisera Sovjetunionen inhemskt genom militären och infrastrukturen för att bekämpa (antingen ideologiskt eller fysiskt) <a href="/wiki/Kapitalism" title="Kapitalism">kapitalismen</a>, snarare än att direkt finansiera och stödja en internationell socialistrevolution (såsom <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> förespråkade). Hade Sovjetunionen stött en internationell socialistrevolution kunde den redan svaga ekonomin ha gått under, eller tärt på resurserna så mycket att kapitalister eller andra "oönskade" kontrarevolutionärer kunde ha störtat Sovjetunionen inifrån. </p><p>Ett av de primära målen var att bygga upp den <a href="/wiki/Tung_industri" title="Tung industri">tunga industrin</a>. 1929 ändrade Stalin planen till att innehålla <a href="/wiki/Kolchos" title="Kolchos">kolchoser</a>, det vill säga, <a href="/wiki/Kollektivisering" title="Kollektivisering">kollektiva jordbrukssystem</a> som bestod av tusentals <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_tunnland" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikanska tunnland">amerikanska tunnland</a> land med hundratals bönder arbetandes på dem. Uppförandet av kollektiva jordbruk förstörde <a href="/wiki/Kulak" title="Kulak">kulakerna</a> som klass, och ledde till att miljontals bruksdjur slaktades: bönderna dödade hellre djuren än att ge upp dem till de gigantiska jordbruken. Detta ledde till svält i <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a> och områden i <a href="/wiki/Nordkaukasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordkaukasus">Nordkaukasus</a>. Utöver den stora förlusten av bruksdjur tillät introduceringen av de kollektiva jordbruken bönderna att använda traktorer för att bruka marken, till skillnad från tidigare då de flesta hade varit för fattiga för att äga traktorer. Statsägda stationer för maskiner och traktorer uppfördes runt om i Sovjetunionen och bönderna fick använda dessa offentliga traktorer för att bruka landet, för att kunna öka produktiviteten per bonde. Bönderna tilläts sälja överskottet från marken. Regeringsplanerarna misslyckades dock att ta i beaktande lokala situationer, och 1932 var veteproduktionen 32% under den genomsnittliga nivån.<sup id="cite_ref-conquest_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conquest-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det faktum att upphandlingarna av maten gick upp med 44% bidrog till detta problem. Jordbruksproduktionen var så störd att svält bröt ut i flera distrikt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kollektiviseringen bidrog till industrialiseringen i takt med att miljontals människor, av de 80% av befolkningen som arbetade inom jordbrukssektorn, flyttade från de lantliga områdena in till staden. Trots att många av målen var otroligt höga (en 250% ökning i allmän industriell utveckling och en 330% ökning inom den tunga industrin) nåddes påfallande resultat: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gjutj%C3%A4rn" title="Gjutjärn">Gjutjärn</a>: 6,2 miljoner ton (jämfört med 3,3 miljoner ton 1928, med ett uppsatt mål av 8,0 miljoner ton)</li> <li>Stål: 5,9 miljoner ton (jämfört med 4,0 miljoner ton 1928, med ett uppsatt mål av 8,3 miljoner ton)</li> <li>Kol: 64,3 miljoner ton (jämfört med 35,4 miljoner ton 1928, med ett uppsatt mål av 68,0 miljoner ton)</li> <li>Olja: 21,4 miljoner ton (jämfört med 11,7 miljoner ton 1928, med ett uppsatt mål av 19,0 miljoner ton)</li> <li>Elektricitet: 13,4 miljarder kWh (jämfört med 5,0 miljarder kWh 1928, med ett uppsatt mål av 17,0 miljarder kWh)</li></ul> <p>Även om planen uppmuntrade till industrialiseringen skadade den dock Sovjetunionens jordbruk så mycket att det inte återhämtade sig förrän efter <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a>. Planen sågs som så framgångsrik av Sovjetunionens ledare att den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andra_fem%C3%A5rsplanen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andra femårsplanen [inte skriven än]">andra femårsplanen</a> utropades 1932 och höll till 1937. På grund av att planen baserades på snabb <a href="/wiki/Industrialisering" title="Industrialisering">industrialisering</a> var snabba kulturella förändringar tvungna att hända samtidigt. Då den nya sociala strukturen växte fram uppstod konflikter bland en del av de nomadiska befolkningarna. I <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> skiftade Sovjets kollektiviseringspolitik deras produktion från matgrödor till bomull.<sup id="cite_ref-Edgar_2004_296_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgar_2004_296-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En sådan förändring orsakade missnöje inom en gemenskap som redan hade existerat innan den här externa policyförändringen, och mellan 1928 och 1932 gjorde turkmenska nomader och bönder det klart genom passivt motstånd att de inte höll med om sådana ändringar.<sup id="cite_ref-Edgar_2004_296_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgar_2004_296-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;border-collapse:collapse;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:top;"><b>”</b> </td> <td style="padding:.3em;">Vi är femtio eller hundra år efter de utvecklade länderna. Vi måste komma i fatt på tio år. Antingen gör vi det, eller så krossar de oss. </td> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:bottom;"><b>„</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-right: 4em;text-align:right;font-size:smaller">– Joseph Stalin.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionens_fem%C3%A5rsplaner" title="Sovjetunionens femårsplaner">Sovjetunionens femårsplaner</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-conquest-1"><a href="#cite_ref-conquest_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Robert Conquest, <i>The Great Terror</i>, 1971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._W._Davies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. W. Davies [inte skriven än]">R. W. Davies</a>, <i>Soviet History in the Gorbachev Revolution</i> (Macmillan, London, 1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edgar_2004_296-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Edgar_2004_296_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edgar_2004_296_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFEdgar2004">Edgar, Adrienne (2004). <i>[9780691127996 Tribal Nation]</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. sid. 296. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-691-12799-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-691-12799-9">ISBN 0-691-12799-9</a><span class="printonly">. 9780691127996</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tribal+Nation&rft.aulast=Edgar&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rft.au=Edgar%2C+Adrienne&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B296&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-691-12799-9&rft_id=9780691127996&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheila_Fitzpatrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheila Fitzpatrick [inte skriven än]">Fitzpatrick, Sheila</a>. 1994. <i>The Russian Revolution, Second Edition</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_f%C3%B6rsta_fem%C3%A5rsplan&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/union-soviet-socialist-republics-the-stalin-era.html">Information om den första femårsplanen från Infoplease</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_första_femårsplan&oldid=53947942">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sovjetunionens_första_femårsplan&oldid=53947942</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sovjetunionens_ekonomi" title="Kategori:Sovjetunionens ekonomi">Sovjetunionens ekonomi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:1928_i_Sovjetunionen" title="Kategori:1928 i Sovjetunionen">1928 i Sovjetunionen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sovjetunionen_under_1930-talet" title="Kategori:Sovjetunionen under 1930-talet">Sovjetunionen under 1930-talet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sovjetunionen_under_1920-talet" title="Kategori:Sovjetunionen under 1920-talet">Sovjetunionen under 1920-talet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politik%C3%A5ret_1928" title="Kategori:Politikåret 1928">Politikåret 1928</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 22 september 2023 kl. 12.52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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