CINXE.COM

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McKenzie Habib Al Mulla</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Baker McKenzie">Baker McKenzie</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Baker McKenzie FenXun">Baker McKenzie FenXun</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Baker McKenzie Habib Al Mulla">Baker McKenzie Habib Al Mulla</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bakouchi & Habachi – HB Law Firm LLP">Bakouchi & Habachi – HB Law Firm LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bär & Karrer">Bär & Karrer</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bär & Karrer AG ">Bär & Karrer AG </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bär & Karrer AG">Bär & Karrer AG</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bär & Karrer">Bär & Karrer</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Basham, Ringe y Correa, S.C.">Basham, Ringe y Correa, S.C.</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="BCL Solicitors LLP">BCL Solicitors LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Beccar Varela">Beccar Varela</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bentham Europe Limited">Bentham Europe Limited</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Berwin Leighton Paisner">Berwin Leighton Paisner</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="BGBG">BGBG</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Bharucha & Partners">Bharucha & Partners</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Biçer Güner">Biçer Güner</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " 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data-sf-depth="0" value="Lee and Li">Lee and Li</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Lee Hishammuddin Allen & Gledhill (LHAG)">Lee Hishammuddin Allen & Gledhill (LHAG)</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Legal Advisors - in association with Baker McKenzie">Legal Advisors - in association with Baker McKenzie</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Legal Advisors, Abdulaziz Al-Ajlan & Partners in association with Baker & McKenzie Limited">Legal Advisors, Abdulaziz Al-Ajlan & Partners in association with Baker & McKenzie Limited</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Lenz & Staehelin">Lenz & Staehelin</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Levitan, Sharon & Co">Levitan, Sharon & Co</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Lewis Silkin">Lewis Silkin</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Linklaters">Linklaters</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Locke Lord">Locke Lord</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Loyens & Loeff">Loyens & Loeff</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Loyens & Loeff">Loyens & Loeff</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Loyens & Loeff ">Loyens & Loeff </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="LPA-CGR avocats">LPA-CGR avocats</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="LSG">LSG</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="LuatViet">LuatViet</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Macesic & Partners">Macesic & Partners</option> 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data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Maltin PR">Maltin PR</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mannheimer Swartling">Mannheimer Swartling</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Maples Group">Maples Group</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Maravela Asociatii">Maravela Asociatii</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mareș & Mareș ">Mareș & Mareș </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mareș & Mareș">Mareș & Mareș</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Martínez, Algaba, de Haro y Curiel">Martínez, Algaba, de Haro y Curiel</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Masotti Cassella">Masotti Cassella</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Matheson">Matheson</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Matheson LLP">Matheson LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mathesons">Mathesons</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Matouk Bassiouny & Hennawy ">Matouk Bassiouny & Hennawy </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mattos Filho Advogados">Mattos Filho Advogados</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mayora & Mayora">Mayora & Mayora</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="McGuireWoods">McGuireWoods</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="McKinney, Bancroft & Hughes">McKinney, Bancroft & Hughes</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Melcheds Advogados ">Melcheds Advogados </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mendoza Luksic & Valencia">Mendoza Luksic & Valencia</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Milbank">Milbank</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Milberg London">Milberg London</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Mishcon de Reya">Mishcon de Reya</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="MoloLamken">MoloLamken</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="MoloLamken LLP">MoloLamken LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Morais Leitão">Morais Leitão</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Morgan, Lewis & Bockius">Morgan, Lewis & Bockius</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Moroğlu Arseven ">Moroğlu Arseven </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Moroğlu Arseven">Moroğlu Arseven</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Morrison & Foerster">Morrison & Foerster</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="MRP Advisory">MRP Advisory</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Muşat & Asociaţii">Muşat & Asociaţii</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Muşat & Asociaţii">Muşat & Asociaţii</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Nader, Hayaux y Goebel">Nader, Hayaux y Goebel</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu">Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Niederer Kraft Frey">Niederer Kraft Frey</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Nodia, Urumashvili & Partners">Nodia, Urumashvili & Partners</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Normative">Normative</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Norton Rose Fulbright">Norton Rose Fulbright</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Opus 2">Opus 2</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Oraro & Company Advocates">Oraro & Company Advocates</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Ospelt & Partner Attorneys at Law Ltd.">Ospelt & Partner Attorneys at Law Ltd.</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="OZDAGISTANLI EKICI">OZDAGISTANLI EKICI</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="P.R.I.M.E. Finance">P.R.I.M.E. Finance</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Paksoy">Paksoy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="PARK Wirtschaftsstrafrecht White-collar crime">PARK Wirtschaftsstrafrecht White-collar crime</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Paul Hastings">Paul Hastings</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="People + Culture Strategies">People + Culture Strategies</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Philip Lee">Philip Lee</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Pinilla González & Prieto Abogados">Pinilla González & Prieto Abogados</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Pinsent Masons">Pinsent Masons</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Pinsent Masons Vario">Pinsent Masons Vario</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="PPO Abogados">PPO Abogados</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="PRAGER DREIFUSS">PRAGER DREIFUSS</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Purdy Smith">Purdy Smith</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="PwC">PwC</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="PwC Legal">PwC Legal</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Quahe Woo & Palmer">Quahe Woo & Palmer</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rajah & Tann Singapore">Rajah & Tann Singapore</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="RASK Attorneys-at-Law">RASK Attorneys-at-Law</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rational Intellectual Property">Rational Intellectual Property</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rivera Gaxiola, Carrasco y Kálloi">Rivera Gaxiola, Carrasco y Kálloi</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Robson Harris">Robson Harris</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rogério Alves  & Associados ">Rogério Alves  & Associados </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rogério Alves & Associados">Rogério Alves & Associados</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rokas">Rokas</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Rouse">Rouse</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="RPC">RPC</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Russel McVeagh">Russel McVeagh</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Russell McVeagh">Russell McVeagh</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="S.U.Khan Associates Corporate & Legal Consultants">S.U.Khan Associates Corporate & Legal Consultants</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="SABZ Advogados">SABZ Advogados</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Safelink">Safelink</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Sánchez Devanny">Sánchez Devanny</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Schillings">Schillings</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Schulte Roth & Zabel">Schulte Roth & Zabel</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP">Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Seladore Legal">Seladore Legal</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shakespeare Martineau LLP">Shakespeare Martineau LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shalakany">Shalakany</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co">Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co">Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co.">Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co.</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="SHC Law & Tax">SHC Law & Tax</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shearman & Sterling">Shearman & Sterling</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shearman & Sterling">Shearman & Sterling</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shepherd and Wedderburn">Shepherd and Wedderburn</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shin & Kim">Shin & Kim</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shin Associates">Shin Associates</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shook Lin & Bok">Shook Lin & Bok</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shook, Hardy & Bacon">Shook, Hardy & Bacon</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Shoosmiths">Shoosmiths</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Signature Litigation">Signature Litigation</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Simmons & Simmons">Simmons & Simmons</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Simmons & Simmons">Simmons & Simmons</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Simonsen Vogt Wiig">Simonsen Vogt Wiig</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Sirota & Partners">Sirota & Partners</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="SJ Berwin LLP">SJ Berwin LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Slaughter and May">Slaughter and May</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="SLJ Abogados">SLJ Abogados</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="SMPS Legal">SMPS Legal</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Sołtysiński Kawecki & Szlęzak">Sołtysiński Kawecki & Szlęzak</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Soltysinski Kawecki Szlezak">Soltysinski Kawecki Szlezak</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Souza, Mello e Torres">Souza, Mello e Torres</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Squire Patton Boggs">Squire Patton Boggs</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="SSEK Legal Consultants">SSEK Legal Consultants</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Stellar Chambers">Stellar Chambers</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Stephenson Harwood">Stephenson Harwood</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Steptoe & Johnson">Steptoe & Johnson</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Stewarts">Stewarts</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Stren & Blan Partners">Stren & Blan Partners</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Sturzenegger and Co - TheJudge">Sturzenegger and Co - TheJudge</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Tanner De Witt">Tanner De Witt</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Taylor Wessing">Taylor Wessing</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Technology Law Alliance">Technology Law Alliance</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="TGS Baltic">TGS Baltic</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="The In-House Lawyer">The In-House Lawyer</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="The Judge Global">The Judge Global</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Therium Capital Management">Therium Capital Management</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Tilegal">Tilegal</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="TLT">TLT</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Travers Smith">Travers Smith</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Trench Rossi Watanable">Trench Rossi Watanable</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Tresorit">Tresorit</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Trowers & Hamlins">Trowers & Hamlins</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Vavrovsky Heine Marth 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Söderqvist Advokatbyrå">Wesslau Söderqvist Advokatbyrå</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="White & Case">White & Case</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="White & Case LLP">White & Case LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Wiggin LLP">Wiggin LLP</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Wikborg Rein">Wikborg Rein</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="WilmerHale">WilmerHale</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Winston & Strawn">Winston & Strawn</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Wolf Theiss">Wolf Theiss</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Wolters Kluwer">Wolters Kluwer</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="WongPartnership ">WongPartnership </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="WongPartnership">WongPartnership</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Yerra Solutions">Yerra Solutions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Yigal Arnon & Co.">Yigal Arnon & Co.</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Yoon & Yang LLC">Yoon & Yang LLC</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Zhong Lun Law Firm ">Zhong Lun Law Firm </option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-count="-1" data-sf-depth="0" value="Zhong Lun Law Firm">Zhong Lun Law Firm</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-category" data-sf-field-name="_sft_category" data-sf-field-type="category" data-sf-field-input-type="multiselect" data-sf-combobox="1"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Category Selection</span> <select data-combobox="1" data-placeholder="Sections" data-operator="or" multiple="multiple" name="_sft_category[]" class="sf-input-select" title="Category Selection"> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1" data-sf-count="372" data-sf-depth="0" value="feature">Features</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2" data-sf-count="1340" data-sf-depth="0" value="legal-briefing">Legal Briefing</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-4" data-sf-count="57" data-sf-depth="0" value="profile">Profile</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-taxonomy-ihl_issue" data-sf-field-name="_sft_ihl_issue" data-sf-field-type="taxonomy" data-sf-field-input-type="multiselect" data-sf-combobox="1"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Issue Selection</span> <select data-combobox="1" data-placeholder="Issues" data-operator="or" multiple="multiple" name="_sft_ihl_issue[]" class="sf-input-select" title="Issue Selection"> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-136" data-sf-count="20" data-sf-depth="0" value="april-2010">April 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-129" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="april-2011">April 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-120" data-sf-count="9" data-sf-depth="0" value="april-2012">April 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-112" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="april-2013">April 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-105" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="april-2014">April 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-98" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="april-2015">April 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-14" data-sf-count="29" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2016">Autumn 2016</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-9" data-sf-count="30" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2017">Autumn 2017</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-140" data-sf-count="41" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2018">Autumn 2018</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-163" data-sf-count="39" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2019">Autumn 2019</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-175" data-sf-count="27" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2020">Autumn 2020</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-264" data-sf-count="30" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2021">Autumn 2021</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-300" data-sf-count="24" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2022">Autumn 2022</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-344" data-sf-count="20" data-sf-depth="0" value="autumn-2023">Autumn 2023</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-70" data-sf-count="1" data-sf-depth="0" value="dec-jan-2010">Dec/Jan 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-92" data-sf-count="1" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-2015">December 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-68" data-sf-count="20" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-january-2009">December/January 2009</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-69" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-january-2010">December/January 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-58" data-sf-count="16" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-january-2011-2012">December/January 2011/2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-48" data-sf-count="13" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-january-2012">December/January 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-38" data-sf-count="11" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-january-2013-14">December/January 2013/14</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-21" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="december-january-2014">December/January 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-352" data-sf-count="13" data-sf-depth="0" value="doing-business-in-asia-pacific-2024">Doing business in Asia Pacific 2024</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-334" data-sf-count="30" data-sf-depth="0" value="doing-business-in-emea-2023">Doing business in EMEA 2023</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-138" data-sf-count="26" data-sf-depth="0" value="february-2010">February 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-130" data-sf-count="15" data-sf-depth="0" value="february-2011">February 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-122" data-sf-count="15" data-sf-depth="0" value="february-2012">February 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-114" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="february-2013">February 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-106" data-sf-count="9" data-sf-depth="0" value="february-2014">February 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-100" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="february-2015">February 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-74" data-sf-count="19" data-sf-depth="0" value="july-august-2010">July/August 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-63" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="july-august-2011">July/August 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-52" data-sf-count="11" data-sf-depth="0" value="july-august-2012">July/August 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-42" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="july-august-2013">July/August 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-33" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="july-august-2014">July/August 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-25" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="july-august-2015">July/August 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-134" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="june-2010">June 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-127" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="june-2011">June 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-118" data-sf-count="12" data-sf-depth="0" value="june-2012">June 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-110" data-sf-count="9" data-sf-depth="0" value="june-2013">June 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-103" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="june-2014">June 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-96" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="june-2015">June 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-137" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="march-2010">March 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-121" data-sf-count="13" data-sf-depth="0" value="march-2012">March 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-113" data-sf-count="11" data-sf-depth="0" value="march-2013">March 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-91" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="march-2014">March 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-99" data-sf-count="5" data-sf-depth="0" value="march-2015">March 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-90" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="march-2016">March 2016</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-135" data-sf-count="20" data-sf-depth="0" value="may-2010">May 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-128" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="may-2011">May 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-119" data-sf-count="12" data-sf-depth="0" value="may-2012">May 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-111" data-sf-count="12" data-sf-depth="0" value="may-2013">May 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-104" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="may-2014">May 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-97" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="may-2015">May 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-131" data-sf-count="16" data-sf-depth="0" value="november-2010">November 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-123" data-sf-count="18" data-sf-depth="0" value="november-2011">November 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-115" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="november-2012">November 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-107" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="november-2013">November 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-93" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="november-2014">November 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-88" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="november-2016">November 2016</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-132" data-sf-count="16" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2010">October 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-124" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2011">October 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-116" data-sf-count="12" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2012">October 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-108" data-sf-count="9" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2013">October 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-101" data-sf-count="5" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2014">October 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-94" data-sf-count="2" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2015">October 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-89" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="october-2016">October 2016</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-372" data-sf-count="2" data-sf-depth="0" value="online">Online</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-133" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="september-2010">September 2010</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-125" data-sf-count="18" data-sf-depth="0" value="september-2011">September 2011</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-117" data-sf-count="11" data-sf-depth="0" value="september-2012">September 2012</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-109" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="september-2013">September 2013</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-102" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="september-2014">September 2014</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-95" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="september-2015">September 2015</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-17" data-sf-count="23" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2016">Spring 2016</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-11" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2017">Spring 2017</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-6" data-sf-count="21" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2018">Spring 2018</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-144" data-sf-count="41" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2019">Spring 2019</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-167" data-sf-count="36" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2020">Spring 2020</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-213" data-sf-count="33" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2021">Spring 2021</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-288" data-sf-count="21" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2022">Spring 2022</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-322" data-sf-count="31" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2023">Spring 2023</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-360" data-sf-count="32" data-sf-depth="0" value="spring-2024">Spring 2024</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-15" data-sf-count="39" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2016">Summer 2016</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-10" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2017">Summer 2017</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-139" data-sf-count="30" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2018">Summer 2018</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-161" data-sf-count="39" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2019">Summer 2019</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-241" data-sf-count="26" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2021">Summer 2021</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-294" data-sf-count="29" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2022">Summer 2022</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-328" data-sf-count="27" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2023">Summer 2023</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-364" data-sf-count="28" data-sf-depth="0" value="summer-2024">Summer 2024</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-12" data-sf-count="25" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2016-17">Winter 2016/17</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-8" data-sf-count="32" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2017">Winter 2017</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-7" data-sf-count="31" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2018">Winter 2018</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-160" data-sf-count="23" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2019">Winter 2019</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-164" data-sf-count="36" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2020">Winter 2020</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-179" data-sf-count="27" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2021">Winter 2021</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-177" data-sf-count="31" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2022">Winter 2022</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-304" data-sf-count="26" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2023">Winter 2023</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-348" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="winter-2024">Winter 2024</option> </select> </label> 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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@IHL_magazine"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@IHL_magazine">   <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "Major real estate investment structures in Japan", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "", "width": 1200, "height": 400 }, "author": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The In-House Lawyer > The Legal 500" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "The Legal 500", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://legal500.com/in-house-lawyer/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2019/02/cropped-ihl-logo-300-1-1.jpg", "width": 80, "height": 80 } }, "datePublished": "February 15, 2023", "dateModified": "February 15, 2023", "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/major-real-estate-investment-structures-in-japan/", "description": "Introduction A weak Yen and other factors continue to attract overseas investors to the Japanese real estate market. While this investment can take many forms, two of the most common financing structures are GK-TK and TMK (as defined in the graphics). J-REITs are often used for large-scale portfolios, but because of this structure’s longer timeline &hellip; <p class="link-more"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/major-real-estate-investment-structures-in-japan/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> "Major real estate investment structures in Japan"</span></a></p>" } </script> <div class="wrap"> <meta class="swiftype" name="secondary" data-type="string" content="The In-House Lawyer"> <p data-swiftype-name="description" data-swiftype-type="text" class="breadcrumb">Real estate | Winter 2023 | Legal Briefing</p>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1695820935421-0' style="width: 98vw; margin-left: -19px;"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1695820935421-0'); }); </script> </div> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1614027932649-0' style='width: 728px; height: 90px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1614027932649-0'); }); </script> </div> <article id="post-12488" class="post-12488 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-legal-briefing ihl_issue-winter-2023 countries-japan"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 data-swiftype-name="title" data-swiftype-type="string" class="entry-title">Major real estate investment structures in Japan</h1> </header> <div data-swiftype-name="body" data-swiftype-type="text" class="entry-content"> <h4>Introduction</h4> <p>A weak Yen and other factors continue to attract overseas investors to the Japanese real estate market. While this investment can take many forms, two of the most common financing structures are GK-TK and TMK (as defined in the graphics). J-REITs are often used for large-scale portfolios, but because of this structure’s longer timeline and complex setup, this article will focus on the GK-TK and TMK investment forms. We explain these two structures below.<br /> <span id="more-12488"></span></p> <h4>GK-TK structure</h4> <h6>(i) Summary of GK-TK structure</h6> <p>The GK-TK structure uses a godo kaisha (‘GK’) as a special purpose vehicle to hold a trust beneficiary interest in the subject property (in the context of the GK-TK structure, the GK is sometimes referred to as the ‘TK operator’). GKs are used as the property holder because, among other reasons, their corporate structure is simple and flexible under the Companies Act, and they are not subject to the Corporate Reorganisation Act and thus cannot file for or be included in corporate reorganisation proceedings. The GK-TK structure thus eliminates the risk that the lender will not be able to foreclose on its loan collateral due to corporate reorganisation procedures.</p> <p><i>Tokumei kumiai</i> (‘TK’) is the name of the contractual relationship between the GK and its investors (such investors, ‘TK investors’). In a tokumei kumiai keiyaku (‘TK agreement’), which is commonly translated into English as ‘silent partnership’ (so called because control and management rights are vested in the GK), a TK investor invests with the GK in exchange for a certain portion of the profits and losses of the GK’s business (‘TK business’). Where the GK has more than one TK investor, it will enter into a separate TK agreement with each.</p> <p>Since the TK business is operated by the GK and does not involve the TK investors, the GK as TK operator will own all property of the TK business and bears unlimited liability for all obligations of the TK business. Accordingly, all of the TK business is subject to the claims of the GK’s creditors. The liability of the TK investors, however, is limited to their investment. It is in part this limited liability that makes the GK-TK structure attractive to investors, in addition to the pass-through tax treatment.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-12534 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20600%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="600" height="300" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-two-nagashima.jpg 600w, https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-two-nagashima-300x150.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" data-lazy-src="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-two-nagashima.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-12534 size-full" src="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-two-nagashima.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="300" srcset="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-two-nagashima.jpg 600w, https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-two-nagashima-300x150.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></noscript></p> <h4>(ii) Application of FIEA to GK-TK</h4> <h6>A) TK operator (ie, the GK)</h6> <h6>1. Self-offering of TK interests</h6> <p>TK interests are essentially regulated under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (‘FIEA’) as quasi-securities. The TK operator is therefore generally required to register to self-offer or solicit TK interests under the GK-TK structure, and a special purpose vehicle with one independent director and no employees, like the GK, is unable to satisfy these requirements.</p> <p>There are, however, exemptions to these registration requirements. Under one such exemption, if any of the TK investors is a qualified institutional investor (‘QII’), and if certain other conditions are met, eg a limitation on the number of non-QII TK investors, then the TK operator is exempt from registration under the FIEA.</p> <p>Even if the requirements of this QII exemption for self-offering cannot be satisfied, the TK operator can be exempted from the requirement to register if the TK operator entrusts the offering of TK interests to a registered second-type financial instruments firm. No filing is required to be made by the TK operator in order to take advantage of this exemption.</p> <h6>2. Self-management of TK investment funds</h6> <p>In addition, the management of funds raised through TK arrangements is subject to the FIEA, and where the TK operator elects to self-manage the TK investment funds, it is required to register to conduct discretionary investment management business. However, a special purpose company like the TK operator is not practically able to satisfy the requirements for such discretionary investment management business registration.</p> <p>Similar to the exemptions available in the case of registration for self-offering, if any of the TK investors qualify as QIIs, the TK operator is not required to register as a discretionary investment manager even where it self-manages the TK investment funds, provided that certain other requirements (such as limitations on the number of non-QII investors) are satisfied. The TK operator must still notify the FSA that it falls within this QII exemption for self-management.</p> <p>Entrustment of the management of the TK investment funds to a registered discretionary investment management firm, as well as meeting some additional requirements, will also exempt the TK operator from registration. Certain notifications to the FSA of the intention of the TK operator to apply this exemption is required.</p> <h6>B) Asset manager</h6> <p>An asset manager that offers investor advisory services to a TK operator is required to register as an investment advisor. Where the asset manager is given the authority and power to make decisions on buying and selling the investment assets, however, that asset manager is required to register as a discretionary investment manager.</p> <p>If an asset manager also negotiates on behalf of the TK operator in offering TK interests, that asset manager will need to be registered to conduct second-type financial instruments business.</p> <h4>TMK structure</h4> <h6>(i) Summary of TMK structure</h6> <p>A <i>tokutei mokuteki kaisha</i> (‘TMK’) is similar in many ways to a joint-stock corporation, which is the Japanese equivalent of the US corporation. The TMK structure allows for, among other things: (i) issuance flexibility with respect to a variety of securities reflecting different levels of risks and returns; (ii) subject to compliance, elimination of typical joint-stock company double-taxation treatment; and (iii) certain tax advantages at time of acquisition of real estate (eg, registration and acquisition taxes is discounted from the standard rates).</p> <p>Unlike a joint stock corporation, a TMK is limited in purpose to holding and disposing of an asset in an asset securitisation arrangement, and therefore relies on outside service providers for operational, management and dispositional functions. The members of the TMK, which are the equivalent of shareholders of a joint stock company, have the ability to participate in governance and decision-making, however, distinguishes the TMK from the GK-TK structure, where the TK investors must remain ‘silent’ and thus cannot participate in management decisions with respect to the TK business.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-12532 size-full" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20600%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" width="600" height="300" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-one-nagashima.jpg 600w, https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-one-nagashima-300x150.jpg 300w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" data-lazy-src="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-one-nagashima.jpg" /><noscript><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-12532 size-full" src="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-one-nagashima.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="300" srcset="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-one-nagashima.jpg 600w, https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/graphic-one-nagashima-300x150.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></noscript></p> <h6>(ii) Application of FIEA to TMK</h6> <p>The FIEA imposes fewer regulatory restrictions on the TMK than on the GK-TK structure. A TMK falls outside the scope of the FIEA with respect to self-offering and self-management and thus is not required to register for these activities.</p> <p>With respect to asset management, a TMK’s asset manager is not required to register if the investment asset is real estate, even where management of the real estate to such asset manager. Where the investment asset is a trust beneficiary interest, as in the case of the GK-TK structure, whether the asset manager has to register as investment advisory or discretionary investment manager depends on the scope of decision with which it is entrusted.</p> <h4>Conclusion</h4> <p>The foregoing are some of the most important factors foreign investors might want to take into account in deciding on an investment structure as between TMK or GK-TK with respect to Japanese real estate. In particular, the FIEA regulatory structure applies to these structures differently, with the TMK being subject to fewer regulatory requirements, and the GK-TK structure dependent on meeting certain crucial exemptions.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"><span class="cat-tags-links"><span class="cat-links"><svg class="icon icon-folder-open" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-folder-open" xlink:href="#icon-folder-open"></use> </svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories</span><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/category/legal-briefing/" rel="category tag">Legal Briefing</a></span></span></footer>  </article> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/overview-on-and-selected-practical-implications-of-the-exemptions-from-new-swiss-esg-due-diligence-and-reporting-obligations/" rel="prev"><span class="screen-reader-text">Previous Post</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-subtitle">Previous</span> <span class="nav-title"><span class="nav-title-icon-wrapper"><svg class="icon icon-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-arrow-left" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-left"></use> </svg></span>Overview of the exemptions from the new Swiss ESG due diligence and reporting obligations</span></a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/feature/significant-matters-winter-2023/" rel="next"><span class="screen-reader-text">Next Post</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="nav-subtitle">Next</span> <span class="nav-title">Significant matters – Winter 2023<span class="nav-title-icon-wrapper"><svg class="icon icon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-arrow-right" xlink:href="#icon-arrow-right"></use> </svg></span></span></a></div></div> </nav>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1614027910230-0' style='width: 728px; 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This article presents a general overview of corporate governance of the two most common types … </p> <p class="link-more"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/corporate-governance-in-saudi-arabia-an-overview-of-the-two-most-common-types-of-corporate-entities/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> “Corporate governance in Saudi Arabia: an overview of the two most common types of corporate entities”</span></a></p> </div> <div class="issue-more"> <a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/financial-crime-legislative-predictions-for-the-year-ahead/"><h4>Financial crime: legislative predictions for the year ahead</h4></a> <p>2022 proved to be another unprecedented year. It began with the creation of further and increasingly complex sanctions against Russia which set in motion a number of other legal and policy initiatives to combat kleptocracy. The coupling of extreme economic and political climates and the constantly evolving threats from financial crime also served to feed … </p> <p class="link-more"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/financial-crime-legislative-predictions-for-the-year-ahead/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> “Financial crime: legislative predictions for the year ahead”</span></a></p> </div> <div class="issue-more"> <a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/freezing-orders-and-asset-recovery-between-effectiveness-and-fairness/"><h4>Freezing orders and asset recovery: between effectiveness and fairness</h4></a> <p>What is the legal framework in criminal asset recovery in Greece? Criminal asset recovery in Greece is mainly regulated by provisions found in the Greek Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as Law no. 4557/2018 on money laundering. It should be noted that, from 1995 until 2019, anti-money laundering legislation was … </p> <p class="link-more"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/freezing-orders-and-asset-recovery-between-effectiveness-and-fairness/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> “Freezing orders and asset recovery: between effectiveness and fairness”</span></a></p> </div> <div class="issue-more"> <a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/feature/get-ready-to-be-more-enterprising-than-ever/"><h4>Get ready to be more enterprising than ever</h4></a> <p>As we face another few weeks of inclement weather that has somehow seemed to drag on longer even than the usual UK winter, thoughts inevitably turn to sun loungers, warmth and sandy beaches. Alluring as a spring holiday seems right now, whatever you do, don’t book your getaway for the week including the 24th and … </p> <p class="link-more"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/feature/get-ready-to-be-more-enterprising-than-ever/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> “Get ready to be more enterprising than ever”</span></a></p> </div> <div class="issue-more"> <a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/profile/jelena-madir-gavi-the-vaccine-alliance/"><h4>Jelena Madir, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance</h4></a> <span class="more-img"><img width="150" height="150" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20150%20150'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/jelena-madir-ihl-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/jelena-madir-ihl-100x100.jpg 100w" data-lazy-sizes="100vw" data-lazy-src="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/jelena-madir-ihl-150x150.jpg" /><noscript><img width="150" height="150" src="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/jelena-madir-ihl-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/jelena-madir-ihl-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2023/02/jelena-madir-ihl-100x100.jpg 100w" sizes="100vw" /></noscript></span> <p>Jelena Madir’s career to date has been defined by two crises. The 2008 financial crash saw her out of a job and forced to look beyond private practice for gainful employment. Fast forward just over a decade, and the Covid-19 pandemic has spawned the work which she credits as the highlight of her career, and … </p> <p class="link-more"><a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/profile/jelena-madir-gavi-the-vaccine-alliance/" class="more-link">Continue reading<span class="screen-reader-text"> “Jelena Madir, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance”</span></a></p> </div> <div class="issue-more"> <a href="https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/laurent-cohen-tanugi-on-the-french-legal-privilege/"><h4>Laurent Cohen-Tanugi on the French legal privilege</h4></a> <p>Laurent Cohen-Tanugi Avocats is a Paris-based boutique law firm specialising in cross-border strategic assignments, including anti-corruption monitorships, transatlantic white-collar litigation, and other international regulatory compliance matters. The firm’s practice areas also include cross-border M&A transactions and international arbitration.</p> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="wrap"> <nav class="social-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer Social Links Menu"> <div class="menu-socials-container"><ul id="menu-socials" class="social-links-menu"><li id="menu-item-4888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4888"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/legalease"><span class="screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span><svg class="icon icon-linkedin" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-linkedin" xlink:href="#icon-linkedin"></use> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4884"><a href="https://twitter.com/thelegal500"><span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span><svg class="icon icon-twitter" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-twitter" xlink:href="#icon-twitter"></use> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4887"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/legal500/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook</span><svg class="icon icon-facebook" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-facebook" xlink:href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4886"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqzp24Yz_4nk4wIPrNU4xzA"><span class="screen-reader-text">YouTube</span><svg class="icon icon-youtube" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-youtube" xlink:href="#icon-youtube"></use> </svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-4885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4885"><a href="mailto:editorial@legal500.com"><span class="screen-reader-text">Email</span><svg class="icon icon-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-envelope-o" xlink:href="#icon-envelope-o"></use> </svg></a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="site-info"> <span class="imprint">© 2025 Legalease Ltd. 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