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skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Saesneg rootpage-Saesneg skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Prif ddewislen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z">Hafan</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned">Porth y Gymuned</a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi">Y Caffi</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes">Materion cyfoes</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r">Newidiadau diweddar</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x">Erthygl ar hap</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth">Cymorth</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages">Tudalennau arbennig</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Chwilio </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gwedd </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class="">Rhoi</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Saesneg" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class="">Creu cyfrif</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Saesneg" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Mewngofnodi</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Offer personol </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy">Rhoi</a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Contribute"> Cyfrannu</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Saesneg" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"> Creu cyfrif</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Saesneg" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"> Mewngofnodi</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu">dysgu mwy</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ymadroddion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ymadroddion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Ymadroddion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ymadroddion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyffredinol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyffredinol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Cyffredinol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyffredinol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dosbarthiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dosbarthiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Dosbarthiad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dosbarthiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Hanes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Hanes </button> <ul id="toc-Hanes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proto-Germanaidd_i_Hen_Saesneg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto-Germanaidd_i_Hen_Saesneg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Proto-Germanaidd i Hen Saesneg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto-Germanaidd_i_Hen_Saesneg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iaith_wahanol?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iaith_wahanol?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Iaith wahanol? </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iaith_wahanol?-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Iaith wahanol? </button> <ul id="toc-Iaith_wahanol?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saesneg_Canol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saesneg_Canol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Saesneg Canol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saesneg_Canol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saesneg_Modern_Cynnar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saesneg_Modern_Cynnar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Saesneg Modern Cynnar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saesneg_Modern_Cynnar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lledaeniad_Saesneg_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lledaeniad_Saesneg_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Lledaeniad Saesneg Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lledaeniad_Saesneg_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dosbarthiad_daearyddol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dosbarthiad_daearyddol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Dosbarthiad daearyddol </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dosbarthiad_daearyddol-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Dosbarthiad daearyddol </button> <ul id="toc-Dosbarthiad_daearyddol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tri_chylch_o_wledydd_Saesneg_eu_hiaith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tri_chylch_o_wledydd_Saesneg_eu_hiaith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Tri chylch o wledydd Saesneg eu hiaith </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tri_chylch_o_wledydd_Saesneg_eu_hiaith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saesneg_fel_iaith_fyd-eang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saesneg_fel_iaith_fyd-eang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Saesneg fel iaith fyd-eang </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saesneg_fel_iaith_fyd-eang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ffonoleg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ffonoleg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Ffonoleg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ffonoleg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llyfryddiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Llyfryddiaeth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llyfryddiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gweler_hefyd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gweler_hefyd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Gweler hefyd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gweler_hefyd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Cyfeiriadau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Dolenni allanol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabl Cynnwys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toglo'r tabl cynnwys </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Saesneg</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 312 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-312" aria-hidden="true" > 312 iaith </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Англыз бызшәа - Abchaseg" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggr%C3%A9h" title="Basa Inggréh - Acehneg" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Basa Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Инджылызыбзэ - Circaseg Gorllewinol" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Инджылызыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Circaseg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="እንግሊዝኛ - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiris_a_sowal" title="Ikiris a sowal - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ikiris a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_angl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma anglés - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma anglés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwenglisc_spr%C3%A6c" title="Niwenglisc spræc - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niwenglisc spræc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الإنجليزية - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإنجليزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نݣليزية - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نݣليزية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="انجليزى - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجليزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Ингилис мацӀ - Afareg" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ингилис мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Afareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlish_aru" title="Inlish aru - Aymareg" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlish aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilis_dili" title="İngilis dili - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngilis dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اینگیلیس دیلی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Balïeg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sproch" title="Englische Sproch - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Englische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onglu_kalba" title="Onglu kalba - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Inggris" title="Hata Inggris - Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Inggris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Ingles" title="Tataramon na Ingles - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Ingles" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англійская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ангельская мова - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Английски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="अंग्रेजी - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंग्रेजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis" title="Inglis - Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Inglis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB" title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ - Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angil%C9%9Bkan" title="Angilɛkan - Bambareg" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Angilɛkan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইংরেজি ভাষা - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংরেজি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="དབྱིན་ཡིག - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱིན་ཡིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইংরেজি ঠার - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইংরেজি ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saozneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Inggeris" title="Saro Inggeris - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%94_%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%81%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97" title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨁᨛᨑᨗᨔᨗ - Bwginaeg" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨁᨛᨑᨗᨔᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bwginaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Англи хэлэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A8s" title="Anglès - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Ingl%C3%A9s" title="Lengua Inglés - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lengua Inglés" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсан мотт - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалсан мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iningles" title="Iningles - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iningles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8F_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ - Tsierocî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Tsierocî" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9%27ho%27%C3%A9nestse" title="Vé'ho'énestse - Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vé'ho'énestse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئینگلیزی - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئینگلیزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese - Corseg" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngliz_tili" title="İngliz tili - Tyrceg y Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İngliz tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg y Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anielsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Anielsczi jãzëk - Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Anielsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ - Hen Slafoneg" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Hen Slafoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Акăлчан чĕлхи - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Акăлчан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_(sprog)" title="Engelsk (sprog) - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engelsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliminsili" title="Siliminsili - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Siliminsili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyangliz" title="Nyangliz - Dinca" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Nyangliz" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ng%C4%B1l%C4%B1zki" title="İngılızki - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngılızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Engelšćina - Sorbeg Isaf" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Isaf" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Inggeris" title="Boros Inggeris - Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङरेजी भाषा - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अङरेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8" title="އިނގިރޭސި - Difehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Difehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A4" title="ཨིང་ལིཤ - Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨིང་ལིཤ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Blisigbe" title="Eŋlisigbe - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Eŋlisigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9s" title="Inglés - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inglés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angla lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglise_keel" title="Inglise keel - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglise keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ingresa" title="Lengua ingresa - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua ingresa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زبان انگلیسی - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان انگلیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englannin_kieli" title="Englannin kieli - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%BCse_kiil" title="Inglüse kiil - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüse kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosa_Vakavalagi" title="Vosa Vakavalagi - Ffijïeg" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vosa Vakavalagi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Ffijïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Enskt mál - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Enskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angll%C3%A8s" title="Angllès - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Angllès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk_spriak" title="Ingelsk spriak - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_inglese" title="Lenghe inglese - Ffriwleg" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe inglese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Ffriwleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk" title="Ingelsk - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_B%C3%A9arla" title="An Béarla - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Béarla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngiliz_dili" title="İngiliz dili - Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İngiliz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anngl%C3%A9" title="Annglé - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Annglé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beurla" title="Beurla - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beurla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="اينگيليسي زوؤن - Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingle%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Ingleñe'ẽ - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingleñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglez" title="Inglez - Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Inglez" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 - Gotheg" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા - Gwjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gwjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink%C3%BCleenaiki" title="Inküleenaiki - Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Inküleenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarle" title="Baarle - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baarle" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanci" title="Turanci - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AEn-ng%C3%AE" title="Yîn-ngî - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yîn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Pelekania" title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania - Hawäieg" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawäieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנגלית - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_bhasa" title="English bhasa - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="English bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%C5%BAel%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Jendźelšćina - Sorbeg Uchaf" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbeg Uchaf" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_angle" title="Lang angle - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang angle" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angol_nyelv" title="Angol nyelv - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angol nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Անգլերեն - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Անգլերէն - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_anglese" title="Lingua anglese - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua anglese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Inggeris" title="Jaku Inggeris - Ibaneg" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesi" title="Anglesi - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Bekee" title="Asụsụ Bekee - Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Bekee" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalua%C4%A1miutun" title="Naluaġmiutun - Inwpiaceg" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Naluaġmiutun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inwpiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Ingles" title="Pagsasao nga Ingles - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Ingles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Ингалсий мотт - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_linguo" title="Angla linguo - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Angla linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enska" title="Enska - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Enska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%93%AA%E1%93%97%E1%93%88%E1%91%8E%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ - Inwctitwt" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inwctitwt" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglish" title="Ingglish - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglish" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/glibau" title="glibau - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="glibau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინგლისური ენა - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_tili" title="Inglis tili - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Inglis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglizit" title="Taglizit - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taglizit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Инджылыбзэ - Cabardieg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Инджылыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Cabardieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%C9%A9s%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shong_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Shong (a̱lyem) - Tyapeg" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Shong (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyapeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingelezi" title="Kingelezi - Congo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kingelezi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Congo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ағылшын тілі - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағылшын тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuluttut" title="Tuluttut - Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Tuluttut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស - Chmereg" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmereg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Инглиш кыв - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Инглиш кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ингилиз тил - Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ингилиз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان - Cashmireg" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Cashmireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nglische_Sproch" title="Änglische Sproch - Cwleneg" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Änglische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Cwleneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ingl%C3%AEz%C3%AE" title="Zimanê inglîzî - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê inglîzî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Англичан кыв - Comi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Англичан кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Comi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowsnek" title="Sowsnek - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sowsnek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Англис тили - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Anglica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ingleza" title="Lingua ingleza - Iddew-Sbaeneg" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua ingleza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englesch" title="Englesch - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Englesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ингилис маз - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ингилис маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Инглис чӀал - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Инглис чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engles_(lingua)" title="Engles (lingua) - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Engles (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungereza" title="Lungereza - Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lungereza" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingels" title="Ingels - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingels" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8ngoa_ingleise" title="Lèngoa ingleise - Ligwreg" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lèngoa ingleise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligwreg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_ngl%C3%ABisc" title="Lingaz nglëisc - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz nglëisc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_inglesa" title="Lengua inglesa - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%C9%9Bl%C9%9B%CC%81sa" title="Lingɛlɛ́sa - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lingɛlɛ́sa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ພາສາອັງກິດ - Laoeg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Anglīšu volūda - Latgaleg" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Anglīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ang%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Angļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2sa_%C3%88nggris" title="Bhâsa Ènggris - Madwreg" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Ènggris" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madwreg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Англань кяль - Mocsia" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Англань кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mocsia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_anglisy" title="Fiteny anglisy - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny anglisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Англичан йылме - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Англичан йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Reo Pākehā - Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pākehā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Inggirih" title="Bahaso Inggirih - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Англиски јазик - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Англи хэл - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ - Manipwri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipwri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် - Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English - Mosi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mosi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Moore</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इंग्रजी - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्रजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Англ йӹлмӹ - Mari Gorllewinol" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Англ йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Mari Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Ingli%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ingliża - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ingliża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngua_anglesa" title="Léngua anglesa - Mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Léngua anglesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Англань кель - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Англань кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="اینگلیسی زوون - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اینگلیسی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ngrese" title="Lengua ngrese - Naplieg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua ngrese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsche_Spraak" title="Engelsche Spraak - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Engelsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English - Ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oshiwambo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Inggris" title="Li Inggris - Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Li Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglum" title="Anglum - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimi_lesiNgisi" title="Ilimi lesiNgisi - Ndebele Deheuol" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Ilimi lesiNgisi" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="Ndebele Deheuol" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiNdebele seSewula</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliais" title="Angliais - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliais" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisimane" title="Seisimane - Sotho Gogleddol" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seisimane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilag%C3%A1ana_bizaad" title="Bilagáana bizaad - Nafaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilagáana bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Nafaho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingerezi" title="Chingerezi - Nianja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chingerezi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nianja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglien_kieli" title="Anglien kieli - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Anglien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Ingiliish" title="Afaan Ingiliish - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Ingiliish" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Англисаг æвзаг - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англисаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Ingles" title="Salitan Ingles - Pangasineg" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Ingles" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasineg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Ingles" title="Amanung Ingles - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Ingles" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingles" title="Ingles - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ingles" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A9" title="Inglé - Picardeg" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inglé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_langwej" title="English langwej - Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="English langwej" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Schprooch" title="Englische Schprooch - Almaeneg Pensylfania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Englische Schprooch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Pensylfania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache - Almaeneg Palatin" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Palatin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80ngalabh%C4%81s%C4%81" title="Āngalabhāsā - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="Āngalabhāsā" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język angielski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_angl%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga anglèisa - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga anglèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="انگریزی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="انګرېزي - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګرېزي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlis_simi" title="Inlis simi - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_englaisa" title="Lingua englaisa - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua englaisa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba engleză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_anglicheasc%C3%A3" title="Limba anglicheascã - Aromaneg" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba anglicheascã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_%27nglese" title="Lènga 'nglese - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga 'nglese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Английский язык - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Английский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Анґліцькый язык - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґліцькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyongereza" title="Icyongereza - Ciniarŵandeg" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyongereza" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Ciniarŵandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आङ्ग्लभाषा - Sansgrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आङ्ग्लभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sansgrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ааҥыл тыла - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ааҥыл тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_inglesa" title="Limba inglesa - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba inglesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ngrisa" title="Lingua ngrisa - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ngrisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_leid" title="Inglis leid - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inglis leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="انگريزي ٻولي - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگريزي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ea%C5%8Bgalsgiella" title="Eaŋgalsgiella - Sami Gogleddol" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eaŋgalsgiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%C3%ABe" title="Anglëe - Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Anglëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tanglizt" title="Tutlayt Tanglizt - Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tanglizt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၽႃႇသႃႇဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ - Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽႃႇသႃႇဢိင်းၵလဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C4%8Dtina" title="Angličtina - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="انگریزی - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Angleščina - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angleščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Peretania" title="Faʻa Peretania - Samöeg" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Peretania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samöeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Bg%C3%A2l%C3%A2skiel%C3%A2" title="Eŋgâlâskielâ - Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋgâlâskielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirungu" title="Chirungu - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ingiriisi" title="Af-Ingiriisi - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ingiriisi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_angleze" title="Gjuha angleze - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha angleze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Енглески језик - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглески језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingristongo" title="Ingristongo - Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ingristongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADNg%C3%ADsi" title="SíNgísi - Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíNgísi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyesemane" title="Senyesemane - Sesotheg Deheuol" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Senyesemane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sesotheg Deheuol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ngelske_Sproake" title="Ängelske Sproake - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ängelske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%80%EA%A0%8B%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%8E_%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%94" title="ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠝꠣꠔ - Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠝꠣꠔ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelsko_godka" title="Angelsko godka - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Angelsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்கிலம் - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ - Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%91%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%A3_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%96" title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ - Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони инглисӣ - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони инглисӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B_%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ - Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%88lis_dili" title="Iňlis dili - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iňlis dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ingles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglisi_zyvon" title="Inglisi zyvon - Talysheg" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Inglisi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekgowa" title="Sekgowa - Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sekgowa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakapilit%C4%81nia" title="Lea fakapilitānia - Tongeg" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakapilitānia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokples_Inglis" title="Tokples Inglis - Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokples Inglis" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngilizce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Dame" title="Kari Dame - Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Dame" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinghezi" title="Xinghezi - Tsongaeg" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xinghezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsongaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChiZungu" title="ChiZungu - Twmbwca" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="ChiZungu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Twmbwca" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C9%94fo" title="Brɔfo - Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Brɔfo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Parat%C4%81ne" title="Reo Paratāne - Tahitïeg" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Paratāne" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Англи дыл - Twfwnieg" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англи дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Twfwnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Англи кыл - Fotiaceg" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англи кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Fotiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئىنگلىز تىلى - Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىنگلىز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійська мова - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگریزی زبان - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگریزی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ingliz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English - Fendeg" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Fendeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ingleze" title="Łéngua ingleze - Feniseg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ingleze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Feniseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijan_kel%27" title="Anglijan kel' - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh" title="Tiếng Anh - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels - Fflemeg Gorllewinol" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Fflemeg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Linglänapük - Folapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Folapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Inglès (lingaedje) - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ininglis" title="Ininglis - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ininglis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-angalteer" title="Wu-angalteer - Woloff" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-angalteer" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Woloff" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Инглишин келн - Calmyceg" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Инглишин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Calmyceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgesi" title="IsiNgesi - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiNgesi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ინგლისური ნინა - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9" title="ענגליש - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגליש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_G%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%C3%AC" title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Yinghgoz" title="Vah Yinghgoz - Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Yinghgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ - Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="英語 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-g%C3%AD" title="Eng-gí - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgisi" title="IsiNgisi - Swlw" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiNgisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Swlw" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Saesneg" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c">Erthygl</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sgwrs:Saesneg" rel="discussion" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen [t]" accesskey="t">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Cymraeg </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Saesneg">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. [h]" accesskey="h">Gweld hanes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Blwch offer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Blwch offer </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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href="/wiki/Saesneg">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=history">Gweld hanes</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cyffredinol </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:WhatLinksHere/Saesneg" title="Rhestr o bob tudalen sy'n cysylltu â hon [j]" accesskey="j">Beth sy'n cysylltu yma</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Saesneg" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k">Newidiadau perthnasol</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&oldid=13454169" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon">Dolen barhaol</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon">Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Saesneg&id=13454169&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon">Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSaesneg">Cael URL byr</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSaesneg">Lawrlwytho cod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Saesneg">Llunio llyfr</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Saesneg&action=show-download-screen">Lawrlwytho fel PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch fersiwn o'r dudalen yn barod at ei hargraffu [p]" accesskey="p">Fersiwn argraffu</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mewn prosiectau eraill </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_language" hreflang="en">Comin Wikimedia</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1002" hreflang="en">Wikifunctions</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860" title="Cysylltu i eitem ystorfa gysylltiedig [g]" accesskey="g">Eitem Wicidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-erthygl-c" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div style="position:relative; width:22px; height:38px; overflow:hidden;"><div style="position:absolute; font-size:38px; overflow:hidden; line-height:38px; letter-spacing:22px;"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Asesiad_cynnwys" title="Wicipedia:Asesiad cynnwys">   </a></div><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Symbol_c_class_orange.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Erthygl C"><img alt="Erthygl C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Symbol_c_class_orange.svg/22px-Symbol_c_class_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Symbol_c_class_orange.svg/33px-Symbol_c_class_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Symbol_c_class_orange.svg/44px-Symbol_c_class_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">Saesneg </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">English </th></tr> <tr> <th>Siaredir yn </th> <td>(gweler <a href="#Dosbarthiad_daearyddol">isod</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Cyfanswm siaradwyr </th> <td colspan="2">Iaith gyntaf: 309–400 miliwn Ail iaith: 199 miliwn–1.4 biliwn<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-wwenglish-2">[2]</a> Cyffredinol: 500 miliwn–1.8 biliwn<a href="#cite_note-wwenglish-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Teulu_ieithyddol" title="Teulu ieithyddol">Teulu ieithyddol</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; line-height:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Ewropeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Ewropeg">Indo-Ewropeaidd</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_Germanaidd" title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd">Germaneg</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ieithoedd_Germanaidd_Gorllewinol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd Gorllewinol (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Germaneg Orllewinol</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ieithoedd_Eingl-Frisianaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ieithoedd Eingl-Frisianaidd (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Eingl-Frisianeg</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ieithoedd_Saesneg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ieithoedd Saesneg (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Angeleg</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li>Saesneg</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/System_ysgrifennu" title="System ysgrifennu">System ysgrifennu</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yr_wyddor_Ladin" title="Yr wyddor Ladin">Lladin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yr_wyddor_Saesneg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yr wyddor Saesneg (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Amrywiolyn Lloegr</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">Statws swyddogol </th></tr> <tr> <th>Iaith swyddogol yn </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhestr_gwledydd_lle_bo%27r_Saesneg_yn_iaith_swyddogol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhestr gwledydd lle bo'r Saesneg yn iaith swyddogol (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">53 gwlad</a> <a href="/wiki/Y_Cenhedloedd_Unedig" title="Y Cenhedloedd Unedig">Y Cenhedloedd Unedig</a> <a href="/wiki/Undeb_Ewropeaidd" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeb Ewropeaidd">Undeb Ewropeaidd</a> <a href="/wiki/Y_Gymanwlad" title="Y Gymanwlad">Y Gymanwlad</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyngor_Ewrop" title="Cyngor Ewrop">Cyngor Ewrop</a> <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytundeb_Masnach_Rydd_Gogledd_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytundeb Masnach Rydd Gogledd America (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">CMRGA</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefydliad_Taleithiau_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefydliad Taleithiau America (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">STA</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefydliad_y_Gynhadledd_Islamaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefydliad y Gynhadledd Islamaidd (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">SyGI</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefydliad_Ynysoedd_y_Cefnfor_Tawel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefydliad Ynysoedd y Cefnfor Tawel (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">SYyCT</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytundeb_Unol_Daleithiau_America_a%27r_Deyrnas_Unedig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytundeb Unol Daleithiau America a'r Deyrnas Unedig (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">CUDAD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rhestr_rheolyddion_ieithoedd" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhestr rheolyddion ieithoedd">Rheoleiddir gan</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Nid oes rheoliad swyddogol </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #C9FFD9">Codau ieithoedd </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt>en</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt>eng</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/eng" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:eng">eng</a></tt> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wylfa_Ieithoedd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wylfa Ieithoedd (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Wylfa Ieithoedd</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><tt>52-ABA</tt> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: middle; padding-top: 5px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Anglospeak.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/300px-Anglospeak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/450px-Anglospeak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Anglospeak.svg/600px-Anglospeak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>      Gwledydd lle mai iaith swyddogol neu de facto yw'r Saesneg, neu iaith genedlaethol      Gwledydd lle mai iaith swyddogol yw hi ond nid yn brif iaith </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Shakespeare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/150px-Shakespeare.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/225px-Shakespeare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shakespeare.jpg/300px-Shakespeare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2489" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, un o ysgrifenyddion enwocaf yr iaith Saesneg</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Iaith" title="Iaith">Iaith</a> Germanaidd sy'n frodorol i <a href="/wiki/Lloegr" title="Lloegr">Loegr</a> yw'r Saesneg (English). Mae'n un o ddwy iaith swyddogol yng <a href="/wiki/Cymru" title="Cymru">Nghymru</a> (ynghyd â'r <a href="/wiki/Cymraeg" title="Cymraeg">Gymraeg</a>) yn ogystal, ac yn un o ieithoedd mwya'r byd. Mae'n llawer iau na'r Gymraeg a'r ieithoedd Celtaidd eraill. Datblygodd y Saesneg o iaith <a href="/wiki/Germaniaid" title="Germaniaid">llwythau Germanaidd</a> ag ymsefydlodd ym <a href="/wiki/Ynys_Prydain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynys Prydain">Mhrydain</a> rhwng y <a href="/wiki/5g" class="mw-redirect" title="5g">bumed</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/7g" class="mw-redirect" title="7g">7g</a> gan ddisodli iaith a diwylliant y <a href="/wiki/Brythoniaid" title="Brythoniaid">Brythoniaid</a> brodorol o rannau o dde-ddwyrain Prydain a chreu'r teyrnasoedd <a href="/wiki/Eingl-Sacsoniaid" title="Eingl-Sacsoniaid">Eingl-Sacsonaidd</a>. Erbyn <a href="/wiki/10g" class="mw-redirect" title="10g">10g</a> roedd y teyrnasoedd hyn wedi uno i greu teyrnas Lloegr. Lledodd y Saesneg drwy'r byd yn sgîl trachwant <a href="/wiki/Imperialaeth" title="Imperialaeth">imperialaidd</a> y <a href="/wiki/Saeson" title="Saeson">Saeson</a> a arweiniodd at greu <a href="/wiki/Gwladychu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwladychu">gwladfeydd</a> Seisnig mewn sawl rhan o'r byd. Oherwydd ei lle fel iaith mwyafrif yr <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Unol Daleithiau">Unol Daleithiau</a>, mae'r Saesneg wedi dod yn brif iaith y byd ar gyfer cyfathrebu rhyngwladol. Dysgir Saesneg fel ail iaith yn fwy nag unrhyw iaith arall, ond y ffurf Americanaidd ar yr iaith a ddysgir yn amlach na'r ffurf Seisnig. Mae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llenyddiaeth_Saesneg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llenyddiaeth Saesneg (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">llenyddiaeth Saesneg</a> yn un o'r <a href="/wiki/Llenyddiaeth" title="Llenyddiaeth">llenyddiaethau</a> mwyaf yn y byd, a'i gwreiddiau'n gorwedd yn y cyfnod Eingl-Sacsonaidd. Mewn canlyniad i'r dirywiad yn nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg a'r <a href="/wiki/Seisnigeiddio" class="mw-redirect" title="Seisnigeiddio">Seisnigeiddio</a> yn y wlad, mae gan Gymru ei <a href="/wiki/Llenyddiaeth_Saesneg_Cymru" title="Llenyddiaeth Saesneg Cymru">llenyddiaeth Saesneg</a> hefyd: ysgrifennodd <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a> ei storïau a'i gerddi yn Saesneg, er enghraifft. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ymadroddion">Ymadroddion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Ymadroddion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ymadroddion">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li>Saesneg: English</li> <li>Pa hwyl: Hello</li> <li>Bore da: Good morning</li> <li>Hwyl Fawr: Goodbye</li> <li>Os gwelwch yn dda: please</li> <li>Diolch: thank you</li> <li>Cymraeg: Welsh</li> <li>Sut mae?: All right?</li> <li>Sut ydych chi?: How are you?</li> <li>Rydw i'n: I am</li> <li>Ble mae'r ysgol?: Where's the school?</li> <li>Ble mae'r ysbyty?: Where's the hospital?</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyffredinol">Cyffredinol</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyffredinol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Cyffredinol">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae <a href="/wiki/Gramadeg" title="Gramadeg">gramadeg</a> yr iaith Saesneg yn weddol debyg i'r Gymraeg i'w chymharu â'r <a href="/wiki/Tsiein%C3%ABeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsieinëeg">Tsieinëeg</a> er enghraifft, gan fod y ddwy iaith yn dod o'r teulu Indo-Ewropeaidd. Serch hyn mae gramadeg yr ieithoedd Romawns a'r Almaeneg llawer yn fwy tebyg i Saesneg nag ydyw i'r Gymraeg. Daw'r enw Saesneg ar yr iaith (English) ar ôl yr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angliaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angliaid (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Angles</a>, un o'r hen <a href="/wiki/Germaniaid" title="Germaniaid">bobloedd Germanaidd</a> a ymfudodd o Anglia, penrhyn ar y <a href="/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r_Baltig" title="Y Môr Baltig">Môr Baltig</a> (na ddylid ei gymysgu ag <a href="/wiki/Dwyrain_Anglia" title="Dwyrain Anglia">East Anglia</a> yn Lloegr), i ardal <a href="/wiki/Prydain_Fawr" title="Prydain Fawr">Ynysoedd Prydain</a> a enwyd hefyd ar ol y llwyth, sef England (o "Angles land"). Mae perthnasau byw agosaf yr iaith Saesneg yn cynnwys y <a href="/wiki/Sgoteg" title="Sgoteg">Sgoteg</a>, ac yna'r ieithoedd <a href="/wiki/Sacsoneg_Isel" title="Sacsoneg Isel">Sacsoneg Isel</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ffriseg" title="Ffriseg">Ffriseg</a>. Tra bod y Saesneg yn tarddu o'r <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Gorllewin Germania</a>, mae ei geirfa hefyd yn cael ei dylanwadu'n arbennig gan yr Hen Ffrangeg Normanaidd a <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a>, yn ogystal â'r <a href="/wiki/Hen_Norseg" title="Hen Norseg">Hen Norseg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_Germanaidd_Gogleddol" title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd Gogleddol">iaith Gogledd Germania</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Wolff-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger1992-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006-6">[6]</a> Gelwir siaradwyr Saesneg yn Anglophones. Daeth y ffurfiau cynharaf o'r Saesneg o grŵp o dafodieithoedd Gorllewin Germanaidd (sef Ingvaeonic) a ddygwyd i ynysoedd Prydain gan <a href="/wiki/Eingl-Sacsoniaid" title="Eingl-Sacsoniaid">ymsefydlwyr Eingl-Sacsonaidd</a> yn y <a href="/wiki/5g" class="mw-redirect" title="5g">5g</a> ac a dreiglodd ymhellach ar dafodau ymsefydlwyr <a href="/wiki/Llychlynwyr" title="Llychlynwyr">Llychlynnaidd</a> eu hiaith gan ddechrau yn yr <a href="/wiki/8fed_ganrif" title="8fed ganrif">8fed</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/9g" class="mw-redirect" title="9g">9g</a>, ac a elwir gyda'i gilydd yn <a href="/wiki/Hen_Saesneg" title="Hen Saesneg">Hen Saesneg</a>. Dechreuodd <a href="/wiki/Saesneg_Canol" title="Saesneg Canol">Saesneg Canol</a> ar ddiwedd yr <a href="/wiki/11g" class="mw-redirect" title="11g">11g yn dilyn</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Concwest_Normanaidd_Lloegr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concwest Normanaidd Lloegr (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">concwest Normaniaid Ffrainc ar Loegr</a>, ac o'r herwydd, ymgorfforwyd cryn dipyn o eirfa Ffrangeg (yn enwedig <a href="/wiki/Ffrangeg_Normanaidd" title="Ffrangeg Normanaidd">Hen Normaneg</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a> i'r Saesneg dros gyfnod o ryw dri chan mlynedd.<a href="#cite_note-Ian_Short_2007._p._193-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b-8">[8]</a> Dechreuodd Saesneg Modern Cynnar ar ddiwedd y <a href="/wiki/15g" class="mw-redirect" title="15g">15g</a> tua'r un adeg a dyfodiad y <a href="/wiki/Gwasg_argraffu" title="Gwasg argraffu">wasg argraffu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Llundain" title="Llundain">Lundain</a>, argraffu Beibl y Brenin Iago a dechrau'r Great Vowel Shift.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Mae Saesneg modern wedi lledaenu o gwmpas y byd ers <a href="/wiki/17eg_ganrif" title="17eg ganrif">17g</a> o ganlyniad i ddylanwad byd-eang yr <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Brydeinig" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig">Ymerodraeth Brydeinig</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America">Unol Daleithiau America</a>. Trwy bob math o gyfryngau print ac electronig y gwledydd hyn, mae Saesneg wedi dod yn brif iaith trafodaethau rhyngwladol a'r <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> mewn llawer o ranbarthau a chyd-destunau proffesiynol megis gwyddoniaeth, <a href="/wiki/Mordwyo" title="Mordwyo">mordwyo</a> a'r gyfraith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English-10">[10]</a> Mae gramadeg Saesneg modern yn ganlyniad o newid graddol o batrwm <a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_Indo-Ewropeaidd" title="Ieithoedd Indo-Ewropeaidd">Indo-Ewropeaidd</a> nodweddiadol, gyda <a href="/wiki/Morffoleg_(iaith)" title="Morffoleg (iaith)">morffoleg ffurfdroadol</a> <a href="/wiki/Ffurfiant" title="Ffurfiant">gyfoethog</a> a threfn geiriau gymharol rydd, i batrwm dadansoddol yn bennaf heb fawr o ffurfdro, a phwnc gweddol sefydlog — berf — trefn geiriau gwrthrych.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönig1994-11">[11]</a> Mae Saesneg modern yn dibynnu mwy ar ferfau ategol a threfn geiriau ar gyfer mynegiant amserau cymhleth, agwedd a naws, yn ogystal â chystrawennau goddefol, holiadau a pheth negyddu. Saesneg yw'r <a href="/wiki/Rhestr_ieithoedd_yn_nhrefn_nifer_eu_siaradwyr_brodorol" title="Rhestr ieithoedd yn nhrefn nifer eu siaradwyr brodorol">drydedd iaith frodorol a siaredir fwyaf</a> yn y byd, ar ôl <a href="/wiki/Tsieineeg" title="Tsieineeg">Tsieinëeg Safonol</a> a <a href="/wiki/Sbaeneg" title="Sbaeneg">Sbaeneg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010-12">[12]</a> Hi yw'r ail iaith a ddysgir fwyaf ac mae naill ai'n iaith swyddogol neu'n un o'r ieithoedd swyddogol mewn <a href="/wiki/Rhestr_o_wledydd_a_thiriogaethau_lle_mae%27r_Saesneg_yn_iaith_swyddogol" title="Rhestr o wledydd a thiriogaethau lle mae'r Saesneg yn iaith swyddogol">59 o daleithiau sofran</a> gan gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Saesneg yw iaith fwyafrifol y Deyrnas Unedig, yr Unol Daleithiau, Canada, Awstralia a <a href="/wiki/Seland_Newydd" title="Seland Newydd">Seland Newydd</a>, ac fe'i siaredir yn eang mewn rhai ardaloedd o'r Caribî, Affrica, De Asia, De-ddwyrain Asia ac Ynysoedd y De: gwledydd lle'r aeth Lloegr ati i'w gwladychu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b-8">[8]</a> Mae'n un o ieithoedd gyd-swyddogol y Cenhedloedd Unedig, <a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_yr_Undeb_Ewropeaidd" title="Ieithoedd yr Undeb Ewropeaidd">yr Undeb Ewropeaidd</a> a llawer o sefydliadau rhyngwladol a byd-eang eraill. Hon yw'r iaith Germanig a siaredir fwyaf, gan gyfrif am o leiaf 70% o siaradwyr y gangen Indo-Ewropeaidd hon. Mae hefyd yn iaith sy'n dileu ieithoedd eraill, llai. Mae llawer o amrywiaeth ymhlith yr acenion a <a href="/wiki/Rhestr_o_dafodieithoedd_Saesneg" title="Rhestr o dafodieithoedd Saesneg">thafodieithoedd niferus Saesneg</a> a ddefnyddir mewn gwahanol wledydd a rhanbarthau o ran <a href="/wiki/Seineg" title="Seineg">seineg</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ffonoleg" title="Ffonoleg">ffonoleg</a>, ac weithiau hefyd <a href="/wiki/Geirfa" title="Geirfa">geirfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiomau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gramadeg" title="Gramadeg">gramadeg</a>, a sillafu, ond nid yw fel arfer yn atal dealltwriaeth siaradwyr o dafodieithoedd a thafodieithoedd eraill. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dosbarthiad">Dosbarthiad</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Dosbarthiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Dosbarthiad">golygu cod</a>]</div> Fel y nodwyd yn barod, mae Saesneg yn iaith <a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_Indo-Ewropeaidd" title="Ieithoedd Indo-Ewropeaidd">Indo-Ewropeaidd</a> ac yn perthyn i'r grŵp gorllewinol Almaeneg o'r <a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_Germanaidd" title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd">ieithoedd Germanaidd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199229–30-14">[14]</a> Tarddodd <a href="/wiki/Hen_Saesneg" title="Hen Saesneg">yr Hen Saesneg</a> o gontinwwm llwythol Germanig a <a href="/wiki/Continiwm_tafodiaith" title="Continiwm tafodiaith">chontinwwm ieithyddol</a> ar hyd arfordir <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4r_y_Gogledd" title="Môr y Gogledd">Môr y Gogledd</a> <a href="/wiki/Ffrisia" title="Ffrisia">Ffrisia</a>, y datblygodd ei hieithoedd yn raddol i'r ieithoedd Anglig yn <a href="/wiki/Ynysoedd_Prydain" title="Ynysoedd Prydain">Ynysoedd Prydain</a>, ac i'r <a href="/wiki/Ffriseg" title="Ffriseg">ieithoedd Ffriseg</a> ac <a href="/wiki/Sacsoneg_Isel" title="Sacsoneg Isel">Isel Almaeneg / Sacsoneg Isel</a> ar y cyfandir. Yr ieithoedd Ffriseg, sydd ynghyd â'r ieithoedd Anglig yn ffurfio'r ieithoedd Eingl-Ffrisia, yw perthnasau byw agosaf y Saesneg. Mae Isel Almaeneg/Sacsoneg Isel hefyd yn perthyn yn agos, ac weithiau mae Saesneg, yr ieithoedd Ffriseg, ac <a href="/wiki/Sacsoneg_Isel" title="Sacsoneg Isel">Isel Almaeneg</a> yn cael eu grwpio gyda'i gilydd fel yr ieithoedd Ingvaeoneg (Germaneg Môr y Gogledd), er bod dadl yn parhau ynglŷn â'r grŵp hwn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger1992-5">[5]</a> Esblygodd Hen Saesneg yn <a href="/wiki/Saesneg_Canol" title="Saesneg Canol">Saesneg Canol</a>, a esblygodd yn ei dro yn Saesneg Modern.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1992-15">[15]</a> Datblygodd tafodieithoedd arbennig Hen Saesneg a Chanol Saesneg hefyd yn nifer o ieithoedd Anglig eraill, gan gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Sgoteg" title="Sgoteg">Sgoteg.</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine198256–65-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry198286–87-17">[17]</a> Fel yr <a href="/wiki/Islandeg" title="Islandeg">Islandeg</a> yng <a href="/wiki/Islandeg" title="Islandeg">Ngwlad yr Iâ</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Ffar%C3%B6eg" title="Ffaröeg">Ffaröeg</a>, roedd datblygiad y Saesneg yn <a href="/wiki/Ynysoedd_Prydain" title="Ynysoedd Prydain">Lloegr</a> yn ei hynysu oddi wrth ieithoedd a dylanwadau Germanaidd cyfandirol, ac oherwydd hynny, mae wedi ymwahanu'n sylweddol. Nid yw Saesneg yn <a href="/wiki/Cyd-ddealltwriaeth" title="Cyd-ddealltwriaeth">ddealladwy i'r ddwy ochr</a> ag unrhyw iaith Germanaidd gyfandirol, sy'n amrywio o ran geirfa, <a href="/wiki/Cystrawen" title="Cystrawen">cystrawen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ffonoleg" title="Ffonoleg">ffonoleg</a>, er bod rhai o'r rhain, megis Iseldireg neu Ffriseg, yn dangos cysylltiad cryf â'r Saesneg, yn enwedig yn ei chyfnodau cynharach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbert2007-18">[18]</a> Ond mae llawer iawn o'r Sgoteg yn ddealladwy i berson sydd yn siarad Saesneg yn unig. Yn wahanol i Islandeg a Ffaröeg, a oedd yn ynysig, dylanwadwyd ar ddatblygiad y Saesneg gan gyfres hir o oresgyniadau ar Ynysoedd Prydain gan bobloedd ac ieithoedd eraill, yn enwedig <a href="/wiki/Hen_Norseg" title="Hen Norseg">Hen Norseg</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ffrangeg_Normanaidd" title="Ffrangeg Normanaidd">Ffrangeg Normanaidd</a>. Gadawodd y rhain ôl dwfn ar yr iaith, fel bod Saesneg yn dangos rhai tebygrwydd mewn geirfa a gramadeg gyda llawer o ieithoedd y tu allan i'w ffiniau ieithyddol — ond nid yw'n ddealladwy i'r ddwy ochr ag unrhyw un o'r ieithoedd hynny ychwaith. Mae rhai ysgolheigion wedi dadlau y gellir ystyried Saesneg yn iaith gymysg, iaith fastardaidd neu'n <a href="/wiki/Creol" class="mw-disambig" title="Creol">creole</a>. Er bod dylanwad mawr yr ieithoedd hyn ar eirfa a gramadeg Saesneg Modern yn cael ei gydnabod yn eang, nid yw'r rhan fwyaf o arbenigwyr mewn cyswllt iaith yn ystyried y Saesneg yn iaith gymysg wirioneddol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988264–265-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatts2011-20">[20]</a> Mae Saesneg yn cael ei dosbarthu fel iaith Germanaidd oherwydd ei bod mor agos at ieithoedd Germanaidd eraill megis <a href="/wiki/Iseldireg" title="Iseldireg">Iseldireg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Almaeneg" title="Almaeneg">Almaeneg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Swedeg" title="Swedeg">Swedeg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurrell2006-21">[21]</a> Mae'r arloesiadau cyffredin hyn yn dangos bod yr ieithoedd wedi disgyn o un hynafiad cyffredin o'r enw <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Almaeneg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Almaeneg (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Proto-Germaneg</a>. Mae rhai o nodweddion cyffredin ieithoedd Germanaidd yn cynnwys rhannu berfau yn ddosbarthiadau cryf a gwan, y defnydd o ferfau moddol, a'r newidiadau sain sy'n effeithio ar gytseiniaid <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Ewropeg" title="Proto-Indo-Ewropeg">Proto-Indo-Ewropeaidd</a>, a elwir yn ddeddfau Grimm a Verner. Dosberthir y Saesneg fel iaith Eingl-Ffrisia oherwydd bod Ffriseg a Saesneg yn rhannu nodweddion eraill, megis palataleiddio cytseiniaid a oedd yn gytseiniaid felar yn y Proto-Germane.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanes">Hanes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Hanes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Hanes">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proto-Germanaidd_i_Hen_Saesneg">Proto-Germanaidd i Hen Saesneg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Proto-Germanaidd i Hen Saesneg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Proto-Germanaidd i Hen Saesneg">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/220px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/330px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/440px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4098" data-file-height="6868" /></a><figcaption> Yr agoriad i'r gerdd epig Hen Saesneg <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>, mewn <a href="/wiki/Llawysgrif" title="Llawysgrif">llawysgrifen</a> hanner-uncial: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon. "Gwrandewch! Yr ydym ni o'r Spaear-Daneaid er ys oesoedd wedi clywed am ogoniant brenhinoedd y werin. . ." Sylwer nad oes un gair yn ddealladwy i berson sydd a Saesneg modern yn unig. Mor wahanol, felly, i'r Gymraeg, lle mae llawer o Gymraeg Cynnar yn ddealladwy heddiw.</figcaption></figure> Yr enw ar y ffurf gynharaf o'r Saesneg yw <a href="/wiki/Hen_Saesneg" title="Hen Saesneg">Hen Saesneg</a> neu <a href="/wiki/Eingl-Sacsoniaid" title="Eingl-Sacsoniaid">Eingl-Sacsoneg</a> (c. blwyddyn 550–1066). Datblygodd yr hen Saesneg o set o dafodieithoedd Gorllewin Germanaidd, a oedd yn aml wedi'u grwpio fel Eingl-Ffriseg neu Germanaidd Môr y Gogledd, ac a siaredid yn wreiddiol ar hyd arfordiroedd <a href="/wiki/Ffrisia" title="Ffrisia">Ffrisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niedersachsen" title="Niedersachsen">Sacsoni Isaf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Niedersachsen" title="Niedersachsen">Niedersachsen</a>) a de <a href="/wiki/Jylland" title="Jylland">Jylland</a> gan bobloedd Germanaidd a adwaenid i'r cofnod hanesyddol fel yr Angles, y <a href="/wiki/Sacsoniaid" title="Sacsoniaid">Sacsoniaid</a>, a'r Jiwtiaid.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-OriginOfAngloSaxon-24">[24]</a> O'r 5g, sefydlodd yr Eingl-Sacsoniaid yn Ynysoedd Prydain wrth i'r economi a'r weinyddiaeth Rufeinig chwalu. Erbyn y 7g, daeth iaith Germanaidd yr <a href="/wiki/Eingl-Sacsoniaid" title="Eingl-Sacsoniaid">Eingl-Sacsoniaid</a> yn iaith fwyafrif mewn rhanau o Loegr, gan ddisodli ieithoedd <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Prydain Rufeinig</a> (43–409): <a href="/wiki/Brythoneg" title="Brythoneg">y Frithoneg</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Celteg" class="mw-redirect" title="Celteg">Gelteg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin">Lladin</a>, a ddygwyd i Brydain gan y <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">goresgyniad Rhufeinig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollingwoodMyres1936-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddolLeithSwann_et_al.2007-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlenchSpriggs1999-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworthToller1921-28">[28]</a> Rhannwyd yr hen Saesneg yn bedair tafodiaith: <ol><li>tafodieithoedd Anglia, sef Mersia a Northumbria a</li> <li>thafodieithoedd Sacsonaidd,</li> <li>Caint a'r</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafodiaith_Gorllewin_Sacsonaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafodiaith Gorllewin Sacsonaidd (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Gorllewin Sacsonaidd (neu Sacsoneg Gorllewinol)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19594-29">[29]</a></li></ol> Trwy ddiwygiadau addysgol y <a href="/wiki/Alffred_Fawr" title="Alffred Fawr">Brenin Alfred o Loegr</a> yn y <a href="/wiki/9g" class="mw-redirect" title="9g">9g</a> a dylanwad teyrnas <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>, daeth tafodiaith y Gorllewin Sacsonaidd yn <a href="/wiki/Iaith_safonol" title="Iaith safonol">amrywiaeth ysgrifenedig safonol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToon1992-30">[30]</a> Mae'r <a href="/wiki/Arwrgerdd" title="Arwrgerdd">gerdd epig</a> <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a> wedi'i hysgrifennu mewn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafodiaith_Gorllewin_Sacsonaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafodiaith Gorllewin Sacsonaidd (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Sacsoneg Gorllewinol</a>, ac mae'r gerdd Saesneg gynharaf, Cædmon's Hymn, wedi'i hysgrifennu yn Northumbria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonoghue2008-31">[31]</a> Datblygodd Saesneg modern yn bennaf o'r Merseg (o'r gair Mersia), ond datblygodd <a href="/wiki/Sgoteg" title="Sgoteg">yr iaith</a> <a href="/wiki/Sgoteg" title="Sgoteg">Sgoteg</a> o Northumbria. Ysgrifennwyd ychydig o arysgrifau byr o gyfnod cynnar yr Hen Saesneg gan ddefnyddio sgript runicg yr Anglo Sacsoniaid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGneuss201323-32">[32]</a> Erbyn y <a href="/wiki/6g" class="mw-redirect" title="6g">6g</a>, mabwysiadwyd yr wyddor Ladin, wedi'i hysgrifennu â llythrennau hanner-uncial. Roedd yn cynnwys y llythrennau runig wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ ⟨a thorne ⟨þ⟩, a'r llythrennau Lladin addasedig eth ⟨ð⟩, ac ash ⟨æ⟩.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGneuss201323-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenisonHogg2006-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iaith_wahanol?">Iaith wahanol?</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Iaith wahanol?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Iaith wahanol?">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae Hen Saesneg yn ei hanfod yn iaith ar wahân i Saesneg Modern ac mae bron yn amhosibl i siaradwyr Saesneg heb eu hastudio yn yr 21ain ganrif ei deall. Yr oedd ei gramadeg yn debyg i ramadeg <a href="/wiki/Almaeneg" title="Almaeneg">Almaeneg</a> modern, a'i pherthynas agosaf yw'r Hen Ffriseg. Roedd gan enwau, ansoddeiriau, rhagenwau, a berfau lawer mwy o <a href="/wiki/Ffurfiant" title="Ffurfiant">derfyniadau a ffurfiau ffurfiannol</a>, ac roedd trefn geiriau yn llawer mwy rhydd na sydd yn y Saesneg Modern. Mae gan Saesneg modern <a href="/wiki/Cyflwr_gramadegol" title="Cyflwr gramadegol">ffurfiau achos</a> mewn rhagenwau (ef, ef, ei) ac mae ganddi ychydig o ffurfdroadau berfol (siarad, siarad, siarad, siarad), ond roedd gan Hen Saesneg derfyniadau achos mewn enwau hefyd, ac roedd gan ferfau fwy o derfyniadau person a <a href="/wiki/Rhif_gramadegol" title="Rhif gramadegol">rhif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogg1992Chapter_3._Phonology_and_Morphology-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2009-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETraskTrask2010-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saesneg_Canol">Saesneg Canol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Saesneg Canol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Saesneg Canol">golygu cod</a>]</div> O'r <a href="/wiki/8fed_ganrif" title="8fed ganrif">8fed</a> i'r <a href="/wiki/9g" class="mw-redirect" title="9g">9g</a>, trawsnewidiodd Hen Saesneg yn raddol trwy gyswllt iaith i <a href="/wiki/Saesneg_Canol" title="Saesneg Canol">Saesneg Canol</a>. Mae Saesneg Canol yn aml yn cael ei ddiffinio'n fympwyol fel un sy'n dechrau gyda choncwest Lloegr gan <a href="/wiki/Wiliam_I,_brenin_Lloegr" title="Wiliam I, brenin Lloegr">William the Conqueror</a> yn 1066, ond datblygodd llawer iawn mwy yn y cyfnod rhwng 1200 a 1450. Yn gyntaf, rhoddodd ymosodiadau gan y Llychlynwyr ar rannau gogleddol Ynysoedd Prydain yn yr 8fed a'r 9g gysylltiad agos iawn rhwng yr Hen Saesneg â'r <a href="/wiki/Hen_Norseg" title="Hen Norseg">Hen Norwyeg</a>, iaith <a href="/wiki/Ieithoedd_Germanaidd_Gogleddol" title="Ieithoedd Germanaidd Gogleddol">ogleddol Germanaidd</a>. Roedd dylanwad Llychlynnaidd ar ei gryfaf yn yr amrywiaethau gogledd-ddwyreiniol o Hen Saesneg a siaredir yn ardal <a href="/wiki/Y_Ddaenfro" title="Y Ddaenfro">Danelaw</a> o amgylch Efrog, a oedd yn ganolbwynt i wladychu Llychlynnaidd; heddiw mae'r nodweddion hyn yn arbennig o bresennol yn y <a href="/wiki/Sgoteg" title="Sgoteg">Sgoteg</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg_Gogledd_Lloegr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saesneg Gogledd Lloegr (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Saesneg y Gogledd</a>. Fodd bynnag, ymddengys fod canol y Saesneg Llychlynaidd wedi bod yng nghanolbarth <a href="/wiki/Canolbarth_Lloegr" title="Canolbarth Lloegr">Lloegr</a> o amgylch Brenhiniaeth Lindsey, ac ar ôl <a href="/wiki/920" title="920">920</a> pan ail-ymgorfforwyd Lindsey i'r llywodraeth Eingl-Sacsonaidd, lledaenodd nodweddion Llychlynnaidd oddi yno i dafodieithoedd Seisnig nad oeddent wedi bod mewn cysylltiad uniongyrchol â siaradwyr y Norseg. Elfen o ddylanwad Llychlynnaidd sy'n parhau ym mhob math o Saesneg heddiw yw'r grŵp o ragenwau sy'n dechrau gyda th- (they, them, their) a ddisodlodd y rhagenwau <a href="/wiki/Eingl-Sacsoniaid" title="Eingl-Sacsoniaid">Eingl-Sacsonaidd</a> h- (hie, him, hera).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988-37">[37]</a> Gyda choncwest y Normaniaid yn Lloegr yn 1066, daeth yr Hen Saesneg (gyda dylanwad mawr o'r Norseg arni) yn agos iawn at yr <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ffrangeg" title="Hen Ffrangeg">Hen Ffrangeg</a>, yn enwedig â thafodiaith yr Hen Normaneg. Yn y pen draw datblygodd y <a href="/wiki/Ffrangeg_Normanaidd" title="Ffrangeg Normanaidd">Ffrangeg Normanaidd</a> yn Lloegr yn Eingl-Normaneg.<a href="#cite_note-Ian_Short_2007._p._193-7">[7]</a> Gan fod <a href="/wiki/Normaneg" class="mw-redirect" title="Normaneg">Normaneg</a> yn cael ei siarad yn bennaf gan yr elites a'r uchelwyr, tra bod y dosbarthiadau is yn parhau i siarad Eingl-Sacsonaidd (Saesneg), prif ddylanwad y Normaniaid oedd cyflwyno ystod eang o <a href="/wiki/Gair_benthyg" title="Gair benthyg">eiriau benthyg</a> yn ymwneud â gwleidyddiaeth, deddfwriaeth a pheuoedd cymdeithasol mawreddog.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006-6">[6]</a> Roedd Saesneg Canol hefyd yn symleiddio'r system ffurfdroadol yn fawr, mae'n debyg er mwyn cysoni Hen Norwyeg a Hen Saesneg, a oedd yn ffurfiannol wahanol ond yn forffolegol debyg. Collwyd y gwahaniaeth rhwng y cyflyrau enwol a gwrthrychol ac eithrio mewn rhagenwau personol, gollyngwyd yr cyflwr offerynnol, a chyfyngwyd y defnydd o'r cyflwr genidol i ddynodi meddiant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischervan_der_Wurff2006-38">[38]</a> Ym Beibl Wycliffe y 1380au, ysgrifennwyd yr adnod Mathew 8:20: Foxis han dennes, and briddis of heuene han nestis.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Yma mae'r ôl-ddodiad lluosog -n ar y ferf wedi ei gadw o hyd, ond nid oes yr un o'r terfyniadau cyflwr ar yr enwau yn bresennol. Erbyn y <a href="/wiki/12g" class="mw-redirect" title="12g">12g</a> roedd Saesneg Canol wedi'i datblygu'n llawn, gan integreiddio nodweddion Norseg a Ffrangeg; parhaodd i gael ei siarad tan y newid i Saesneg Modern cynnar tua 1500. Mae llenyddiaeth Saesneg canol yn cynnwys <a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a> gan <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">gan Malory</a>. Yn y cyfnod Saesneg Canol, mynychodd y defnydd o dafodieithoedd rhanbarthol wrth ysgrifennu, a defnyddiwyd nodweddion tafodieithol hyd yn oed i greu effaith gan awduron fel Chaucer. Nid oedd y Saesneg wedi'i safoni yn y cyfnod hwn.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saesneg_Modern_Cynnar">Saesneg Modern Cynnar</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Saesneg Modern Cynnar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Saesneg Modern Cynnar">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg/250px-Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg/330px-Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg/500px-Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption> Cynrychioliad graffig o’r <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift" class="extiw" title="en:Great Vowel Shift">Great Vowel Shift</a>, yn dangos sut y symudodd ynganiad y llafariaid hir yn raddol, gyda’r llafariaid uchel i: ac u: yn torri’n ddeuseiniaid a’r llafariaid isaf bob un yn symud eu hynganiad i fyny un lefel</figcaption></figure> Y cyfnod nesaf yn hanes y Saesneg oedd Saesneg Modern Cynnar (1500–1700). Nodweddid Saesneg Modern Cynnar gan y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symudiad_llafariad_gwych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symudiad llafariad gwych (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Great Vowel Shift</a> (Symudiad Mawr y Llafariaid; 1350–1700), symleiddio ffurfiannol, a safoni ieithyddol. Yn y Symudiad Mawr y Llafariaid symudodd y pwyslais ar lafariaid Saesneg Canol. Roedd yn bwyslais cyfresol, sy'n golygu bod pob symudiad wedi sbarduno newid dilynol yn y system llafariaid. Codwyd y llafariaid canol ac agored, a thorrwyd y llafariaid caeedig yn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deusain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deusain (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">ddeuseiniaid</a>. Er enghraifft, ynganwyd y gair Saesneg bite (hy brathiad) yn wreiddiol fel y gair beet (hy brathiad) heddiw, ac ynganwyd yr ail lafariad yn y gair about (hy am) fel y gair boot (hy esgid) heddiw. Mae Symudiad Mawr y Llafariaid yn esbonio llawer o anghysondebau mewn sillafu gan fod Saesneg yn cadw llawer o sillafiadau'r Saesneg Canol, ac mae hefyd yn esbonio pam mae ynganiadau llafariaid Saesneg yn wahanol iawn i'r un llythrennau mewn ieithoedd eraill.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2000-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGörlach1991-42">[42]</a> Dechreuodd Saeson symud o'r cytiau moch, i'r llysoedd yn ystod teyrnasiad <a href="/wiki/Harri_V,_brenin_Lloegr" title="Harri V, brenin Lloegr">Harri V</a>. Tua 1430, dechreuodd Llys y Siawnsri yn <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">San Steffan</a> ddefnyddio'r Saesneg yn ei ddogfennau swyddogol, a datblygodd ffurf safonol newydd ar Saesneg Canol, a elwid yn <a href="/wiki/Saesneg_Canol" title="Saesneg Canol">Chancery Standard</a>, o dafodieithoedd Llundain a Dwyrain Canolbarth Lloegr. Ym 1476, cyflwynodd <a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">William Caxton</a> y <a href="/wiki/Gwasg_argraffu" title="Gwasg argraffu">wasg argraffu</a> i Loegr a dechreuodd gyhoeddi'r llyfrau printiedig cyntaf yn Llundain, gan ehangu dylanwad y ffurf hon ar y Saesneg.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENevalainenTieken-Boon_van_Ostade2006-43">[43]</a> Mae llenyddiaeth o'r cyfnod Modern Cynnar yn cynnwys gweithiau <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> a chyfieithiad o'r Beibl a gomisiynwyd gan y <a href="/wiki/Iago,_brenin_Lloegr_(I)_a%27r_Alban_(VI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iago, brenin Lloegr (I) a'r Alban (VI)">Brenin Iago I</a>. Hyd yn oed ar ôl y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symudiad_Mawr_y_Llafariaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symudiad Mawr y Llafariaid (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Symudiad Mawr y Llafariaid</a> roedd yr iaith yn dal i swnio'n wahanol i Saesneg Modern: er enghraifft, roedd y clystyrau cytseiniaid /kn ɡn sw/ yn knight, gnat, a sword yn dal i gael eu ynganu. Mae llawer o'r nodweddion gramadegol y gallai darllenydd modern o Shakespeare eu canfod yn hynod neu hynafol yn cynrychioli nodweddion unigryw Saesneg Modern Cynnar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECercignani1981-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lledaeniad_Saesneg_Modern">Lledaeniad Saesneg Modern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Lledaeniad Saesneg Modern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Lledaeniad Saesneg Modern">golygu cod</a>]</div> Erbyn diwedd y <a href="/wiki/18fed_ganrif" title="18fed ganrif">18g</a>, roedd yr <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Brydeinig" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig">Ymerodraeth Brydeinig</a> wedi lledaenu Saesneg trwy ei threfedigaethau a'i goruchafiaeth daear-wleidyddol. Cyfrannodd masnach, gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg, diplomyddiaeth, celf, ac addysg ffurfiol oll at y Saesneg fel yr iaith wirioneddol fyd-eang gyntaf. Roedd Saesneg hefyd yn hwyluso cyfathrebu rhyngwladol byd-eang.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHow_English_evolved_into_a_global_language2010-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English-10">[10]</a> Parhaodd Lloegr i ffurfio trefedigaethau newydd, ac yn ddiweddarach datblygodd y rhain eu normau eu hunain ar gyfer lleferydd ac ysgrifennu. Mabwysiadwyd Saesneg mewn rhannau o Ogledd America, rhannau o Affrica, Awstralasia, a llawer o ranbarthau eraill. Pan gawsant annibyniaeth wleidyddol, dewisodd rhai o’r cenhedloedd newydd annibynnol a chanddynt ieithoedd brodorol lluosog barhau i ddefnyddio’r Saesneg fel yr iaith swyddogol er mwyn osgoi’r anawsterau gwleidyddol ac eraill sy’n gynhenid i hyrwyddo unrhyw un iaith frodorol uwchlaw’r lleill.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine2006-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMufwene2006-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013-48">[48]</a> Yn yr 20g mae dylanwad economaidd a diwylliannol cynyddol yr Unol Daleithiau a'i statws fel <a href="/wiki/Uwchbwer" title="Uwchbwer">archbwer</a> yn dilyn yr Ail Ryfel Byd wedi, ynghyd â darlledu byd-eang yn Saesneg gan y <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> a darlledwyr eraill, wedi achosi i'r iaith ymledu ledled y blaned yn gynt o lawer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddol2006-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a-51">[51]</a> Erbyn yr 21g, roedd y Saesneg yn cael ei siarad a'i hysgrifennu'n ehangach drwy'r blaned nag y bu unrhyw iaith erioed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCrumMacNeilCran2003-52">[52]</a> Wrth i Saesneg Modern ddatblygu, cyhoeddwyd normau penodol ar gyfer defnydd safonol, a'u lledaenu trwy gyfryngau swyddogol megis addysg gyhoeddus a chyhoeddiadau a noddir gan y wladwriaeth. Yn 1755 cyhoeddodd <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> ei A Dictionary of the English Language, a gyflwynodd sillafiadau safonol geiriau a normau defnydd. Ym 1828, cyhoeddodd Noah Webster yr American Dictionary of the English language i geisio sefydlu norm ar gyfer siarad ac ysgrifennu Saesneg Americanaidd a oedd yn annibynnol ar y safon Brydeinig. Yng ngwledydd Prydain, roedd nodweddion tafodieithol ansafonol a thafodieithoedd y dosbarth is yn cael eu stigmateiddio fwyfwy, gan arwain at ledaeniad cyflym yr amrywiaethau uchel-ael ymhlith y dosbarthiadau canol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine1999-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dosbarthiad_daearyddol">Dosbarthiad daearyddol</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Dosbarthiad daearyddol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Dosbarthiad daearyddol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Map_of_English_native_speakers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/330px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/500px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/960px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption> Canran y siaradwyr brodorol Saesneg (2017)</figcaption></figure> Erbyn 2016, roedd 400 miliwn o bobl yn siarad Saesneg fel iaith gyntaf ac 1.1 biliwn yn ei siarad fel ail iaith.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> O ran niferoedd, Saesneg yw'r iaith fwyaf.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tri_chylch_o_wledydd_Saesneg_eu_hiaith">Tri chylch o wledydd Saesneg eu hiaith</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Tri chylch o wledydd Saesneg eu hiaith" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Tri chylch o wledydd Saesneg eu hiaith">golygu cod</a>]</div> Roedd yr ieithydd Indiaidd Braj Kachru yn gwahaniaethu rhwng gwledydd lle siaredir Saesneg gyda model tri chylch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062-55">[55]</a> Yn ei fodel, <ul><li>mae gan y gwledydd "cylch mewnol" gymunedau mawr o siaradwyr Saesneg brodorol,</li> <li>mae gan wledydd "y cylch allanol" gymunedau bach o siaradwyr Saesneg brodorol ond defnydd eang o'r Saesneg fel ail iaith mewn addysg neu ddarlledu neu at ddibenion swyddogol lleol, a</li> <li>gwledydd "y cylch ehangach" yn wledydd lle mae llawer o bobl yn dysgu Saesneg fel iaith dramor.</li></ul> Seiliodd Kachru ei fodel ar hanes sut y lledaenodd Saesneg mewn gwahanol wledydd, sut mae defnyddwyr yn caffael Saesneg, a'r ystod o ddefnyddiau sydd gan Saesneg ym mhob gwlad. Mae'r tri chylch yn newid dros amser.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006196-56">[56]</a> Ymhlith y gwledydd sydd â chymunedau mawr o siaradwyr Saesneg brodorol (y cylch mewnol) mae Lloegr, yr Unol Daleithiau, Awstralia, Canada, Iwerddon, a Seland Newydd, lle mae'r mwyafrif yn siarad Saesneg, a De Affrica, lle mae lleiafrif sylweddol yn siarad Saesneg. Y gwledydd sydd â’r nifer fwyaf o siaradwyr Saesneg brodorol, mewn trefn ddisgynnol, yw’r <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America">Unol Daleithiau</a> (231 o leiaf miliwn),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2013Table_1-57">[57]</a> y <a href="/wiki/Y_Deyrnas_Unedig" title="Y Deyrnas Unedig">Deyrnas Unedig</a> (60 miliwn),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_for_National_Statistics2013Key_Points-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Records_of_Scotland2013-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthern_Ireland_Statistics_and_Research_Agency2012Table_KS207NI:_Main_Language-60">[60]</a> Canada (19 miliwn),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatistics_Canada2014-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Awstralia" title="Awstralia">Awstralia</a> (o leiaf 17 miliwn),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2013-62">[62]</a> De Affrica (4.8 miliwn),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatistics_South_Africa2012Table_2.5_Population_by_first_language_spoken_and_province_(number)-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Iwerddon" title="Gweriniaeth Iwerddon">Iwerddon</a> (4.2 miliwn), a Seland Newydd (3.7 miliwn).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatistics_New_Zealand2014-64">[64]</a> Yn y gwledydd hyn, mae plant siaradwyr brodorol yn dysgu Saesneg gan eu rhieni, ac mae pobl leol sy'n siarad ieithoedd eraill a mewnfudwyr newydd yn dysgu Saesneg i gyfathrebu yn eu cymdogaethau a'u gweithleoedd.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBao2006-65">[65]</a> Mae'r gwledydd cylch mewnol yn darparu'r sylfaen i'r Saesneg ymledu i wledydd eraill y byd. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006-66">[66]</a> Mae amcangyfrifon o niferoedd siaradwyr Saesneg ail iaith ac iaith dramor yn amrywio’n fawr o 470 miliwn i fwy nag 1 biliwn, yn dibynnu ar sut y diffinnir hyfedredd yr iaith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109-67">[67]</a> Mae'r ieithydd <a href="/wiki/David_Crystal" title="David Crystal">David Crystal</a> yn amcangyfrif bod siaradwyr anfrodorol bellach yn fwy na'r siaradwyr brodorol o 3 i 1.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a-51">[51]</a> Ym model tri chylch Kachru, gwledydd fel Ynysoedd y <a href="/wiki/Y_Philipinau" title="Y Philipinau">Philipinau</a> yw'r "cylch allanol",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERubino2006-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatrick2006a-69">[69]</a> India, Pacistan, Singapôr,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimAnsaldo2006-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maleisia" title="Maleisia">Malaysia</a> a <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnell2006-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2007-72">[72]</a> gyda chyfran llawer llai o siaradwyr brodorol Saesneg ond llawer o ddefnydd o Saesneg fel ail iaith ar gyfer addysg, llywodraeth, neu fusnes domestig, a'i ddefnydd arferol ar gyfer addysgu ysgol a rhyngweithio swyddogol gyda'r llywodraeth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008-73">[73]</a> Yn y model tri chylch, mae gwledydd fel Gwlad Pwyl, Tsieina, Brasil, yr Almaen, Japan, Indonesia, yr Aifft, a gwledydd eraill lle mae Saesneg yn cael ei haddysgu fel iaith dramor, yn ffurfio'r "cylch ehangach".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20084-74">[74]</a> Mae'r gwahaniaethau rhwng y Saesneg fel iaith gyntaf, fel ail iaith, ac fel iaith dramor yn aml yn ddadleuol a gallant newid mewn gwledydd penodol dros amser.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20085-75">[75]</a> Er enghraifft, yn yr <a href="/wiki/Yr_Iseldiroedd" title="Yr Iseldiroedd">Iseldiroedd</a> a rhai gwledydd eraill yn Ewrop, mae gwybodaeth o Saesneg fel ail iaith bron yn gyffredinol, gyda dros 80 y cant o'r boblogaeth yn gallu ei defnyddio,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropean_Commission2012-76">[76]</a> ac felly defnyddir Saesneg yn rheolaidd i gyfathrebu gyda thramorwyr ac yn aml mewn addysg uwch. Yn y gwledydd hyn, er na ddefnyddir Saesneg ar gyfer busnes y llywodraeth, mae ei defnydd eang yn eu rhoi ar y ffin rhwng y "cylch allanol" a'r "cylch ehangach". Mae Saesneg yn anarferol ymhlith ieithoedd y byd o ran faint o'i defnyddwyr nad ydynt yn siaradwyr brodorol ond yn siarad Saesneg fel ail iaith neu iaith dramor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006197-77">[77]</a> Mae Saesneg yn iaith lluosog, sy'n golygu nad oes yr un awdurdod cenedlaethol yn gosod y safon ar gyfer defnydd yr iaith.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine1999-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaughCable2002-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008-73">[73]</a> Yn gyffredinol, mae Saesneg llafar, er enghraifft Saesneg a ddefnyddir mewn darlledu, yn dilyn safonau ynganu cenedlaethol sydd hefyd wedi'u sefydlu gan arfer yn hytrach na thrwy reoliadau llym. Mae darlledwyr rhyngwladol fel arfer yn cael eu hadnabod fel rhai sy'n dod o un wlad yn hytrach nag un arall trwy eu hacenion,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgill2006-79">[79]</a> ond mae sgriptiau darllenwyr newyddion hefyd wedi'u cyfansoddi'n bennaf mewn Saesneg ysgrifenedig safonol rhyngwladol. Mae normau Saesneg ysgrifenedig safonol yn cael eu cynnal gan gonsensws siaradwyr Saesneg addysgedig ledled y byd yn unig, heb unrhyw arolygiaeth gan unrhyw lywodraeth, corff neu sefydliad rhyngwladol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmmon2008-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saesneg_fel_iaith_fyd-eang">Saesneg fel iaith fyd-eang</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Saesneg fel iaith fyd-eang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Saesneg fel iaith fyd-eang">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae'r Saesneg wedi peidio â bod yn "iaith Saesneg" yn yr ystyr o berthyn i bobl ethnig o <a href="/wiki/Saeson" title="Saeson">Loegr</a> yn unig.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine1999-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006-6">[6]</a> Mae'r defnydd o Saesneg yn tyfu fesul gwlad yn fewnol ac ar gyfer cyfathrebu rhyngwladol. Mae'r rhan fwyaf o bobl yn dysgu Saesneg am resymau ymarferol yn hytrach nag ideolegol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006-66">[66]</a> Mae llawer o siaradwyr Saesneg yn Affrica wedi dod yn rhan o gymuned iaith "Affro-Sacsonaidd" sy'n uno Affricanwyr o wahanol wledydd.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazruiMazrui1998-81">[81]</a> Wrth i ddad-drefedigaethu fynd rhagddo ledled yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig yn y 1950au a'r 1960au, nid oedd cyn-drefedigaethau'n gwrthod y Saesneg ond yn hytrach yn parhau i'w defnyddio fel gwledydd annibynnol yn gosod eu polisïau iaith eu hunain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMufwene2006-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMesthrie2010-82">[82]</a> Er enghraifft, mae'r farn am y Saesneg ymhlith llawer o Indiaid wedi mynd o'i chysylltu â gwladychiaeth i'w chysylltu â <a href="/wiki/Economeg" title="Economeg">chynnydd economaidd</a>, ee mae'r Saesneg yn parhau i fod yn un o ieithoedd swyddogol India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnamalai2006-83">[83]</a> Defnyddir Saesneg yn eang hefyd yn y cyfryngau ac mewn llenyddiaeth. Y nifer y llyfrau Saesneg a gyhoeddir yn flynyddol yn India yw'r trydydd mwyaf yn y byd ar ôl yr Unol Daleithiau a'r DU.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESailaja2009-84">[84]</a> Fodd bynnag, anaml y siaredir Saesneg fel iaith gyntaf, efallai tua dim ond rhyw ddau gant o filoedd o bobl, ac mae llai na 5% o'r boblogaeth yn siarad Saesneg rhugl yn India.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Honnodd David Crystal yn 2004, wrth gyfuno siaradwyr brodorol ac anfrodorol, fod gan India bellach fwy o bobl sy'n siarad neu'n deall Saesneg nag unrhyw wlad arall yn y byd,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2004-87">[87]</a> ond mae nifer y siaradwyr Saesneg yn India yn ansicr iawn, gyda'r mwyafrif o ysgolheigionyn dod i'r casgliad bod gan yr Unol Daleithiau fwy o siaradwyr Saesneg o hyd nag India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddol2010-88">[88]</a> Ystyrir Saesneg modern, a ddisgrifir weithiau fel y <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> byd-eang cyntaf,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddol2006-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeierkord2006-89">[89]</a> hefyd fel iaith gynta'r byd cyfan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrutt-Griffler2006-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013-48">[48]</a> Saesneg yw'r iaith a ddefnyddir amlaf yn y byd mewn cyhoeddi papurau newydd, cyhoeddi llyfrau, telathrebu rhyngwladol, cyhoeddi gwyddonol, masnach ryngwladol, adloniant torfol, a diplomyddiaeth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013-48">[48]</a> Saesneg, trwy gytundeb rhyngwladol, yw'r sail ar gyfer yr ieithoedd naturiol rheoledig gofynnol<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWojcik2006-91">[91]</a> Seaspeak ac Airspeak, a ddefnyddir fel ieithoedd rhyngwladol morwriaeth<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Maritime_Organization2011-92">[92]</a> a hedfan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Civil_Aviation_Organization2011-93">[93]</a> Roedd Saesneg yn arfer bod yn gyfartal â Ffrangeg ac Almaeneg mewn ymchwil wyddonol, ond bellach mae'n dominyddu'r maes hwn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordin2015-94">[94]</a> Cyflawnodd gydraddoldeb â <a href="/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg">Ffrangeg</a> fel iaith diplomyddiaeth yn nhrafodaethau <a href="/wiki/Cytundeb_Versailles" title="Cytundeb Versailles">Cytundeb Versailles</a> yn 1919, yn eironig, gyda'r Cymro Cymraeg Lloyd George yn arwain y trafodaethau ar ran 'Prydain'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillipson2004-95">[95]</a> Erbyn sefydlu'r <a href="/wiki/Y_Cenhedloedd_Unedig" title="Y Cenhedloedd Unedig">Cenhedloedd Unedig</a> ar ddiwedd yr <a href="/wiki/Yr_Ail_Ryfel_Byd" title="Yr Ail Ryfel Byd">Ail Ryfel Byd</a>, roedd Saesneg wedi dod yn flaenllaw<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConradRubal-Lopez1996-96">[96]</a> ac mae bellach yn brif iaith fyd-eang diplomyddiaeth a chysylltiadau rhyngwladol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichter2012-97">[97]</a> Mae'n un o chwe iaith swyddogol y Cenhedloedd Unedig. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2008-98">[98]</a> Mae llawer o sefydliadau rhyngwladol byd-eang eraill, gan gynnwys y <a href="/wiki/Y_Pwyllgor_Olympaidd_Rhyngwladol" title="Y Pwyllgor Olympaidd Rhyngwladol">Pwyllgor Olympaidd Rhyngwladol</a>, yn nodi Saesneg fel iaith waith neu iaith swyddogol y sefydliad. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg/660px-Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg/990px-Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg/1320px-Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption> Gwledydd lle mae'r Saesneg yn Bwnc Gorfodol (glas) neu Opsiynol (melyn) </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ffonoleg">Ffonoleg</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Ffonoleg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ffonoleg">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae <a href="/wiki/Seineg" title="Seineg">seineg</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ffonoleg" title="Ffonoleg">ffonoleg</a> yr iaith Saesneg yn amrywio o'r naill dafodiaith i'r llall ac mae amrywiad ffonolegol yn effeithio ar y rhestr o <a href="/wiki/Ffonem" title="Ffonem">ffonemau</a> (hy seiniau lleferydd sy'n gwahaniaethu ystyr), ac mae amrywiad ffonetig yn cynnwys gwahaniaethau yn ynganiad y ffonemau.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram2006334–335-99">[99]</a> Mae'r trosolwg hwn yn bennaf yn disgrifio <a href="/wiki/Iaith_safonol" title="Iaith safonol">ynganiadau safonol</a> y <a href="/wiki/Y_Deyrnas_Unedig" title="Y Deyrnas Unedig">Deyrnas Unedig</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America">Unol Daleithiau</a>: Received Pronunciation (RP) a General American (GA). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llyfryddiaeth">Llyfryddiaeth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Golygu'r adran: Llyfryddiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Llyfryddiaeth">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:30em; -webkit-column-count:30em; column-count:30em;text-indent:-3.5em; padding-left: 0; margin-left: 3.5em; list-style-position: inside;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAartsHaegeman2006" class="citation book">Aarts, Bas; Haegeman, Liliane (2006). 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J.; McArthur, Tom, gol. (1979). Languages of Scotland. Occasional paper – Association for Scottish Literary Studies; no. 4. Edinburgh: Chambers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-550-20261-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-550-20261-1"><bdi>978-0-550-20261-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Scotland&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.series=Occasional+paper+%E2%80%93+Association+for+Scottish+Literary+Studies%3B+no.+4&rft.pub=Chambers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-550-20261-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAlcaraz_ArizaNavarro2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Alcaraz Ariza, M. Á.; Navarro, F. 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Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Medicine%3A+Use+of+English&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=752-759&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F02351-8&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Alcaraz+Ariza&rft.aufirst=M.+%C3%81.&rft.au=Navarro%2C+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542023518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAlgeo1999" class="citation book">Algeo, John (1999). "Chapter 2:Vocabulary". In Romaine, Suzanne (gol.). 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Cyrchwyd 10 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Lexical+Word-Formation&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=1621-1721&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43146-0&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.au=Huddleston%2C+Rodney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Flanguages-linguistics%2Fgrammar-and-syntax%2Fcambridge-grammar-english-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFPeter_W._Culicover" class="citation web">Peter W. Culicover. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~culicove/Publications/CGEL_Review.pdf">"The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language"</a> (PDF). 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Routledge. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk_142/page/n154">132</a>–151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-62264-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-62264-6"><bdi>978-0-415-62264-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+English+in+Australia&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+handbook+of+world+Englishes&rft.pages=132-151&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-62264-6&rft.aulast=Burridge&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froutledgehandboo00kirk_142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFDragana_Šurkalović2011" class="citation web">Dragana Šurkalović (July 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linguistlist.org/issues/22/22-2735/">"Review of The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes"</a>. 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Leiden: Brill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-90-04-10340-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-90-04-10340-5"><bdi>978-90-04-10340-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+English+and+Dutch&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10340-5&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|orig-date=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFConnell2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Connell, B. A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542016552">"Nigeria: Language Situation"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 88–90. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01655-2">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01655-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145240/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542016552">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 24 September 2015. 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English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. tt. 415–438. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-12-533872-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-12-533872-2"><bdi>978-3-12-533872-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=415-438&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Eagleson&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEthnologue2010" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size">"Summary by language size"</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-10895-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-10895-9"><bdi>978-0-521-10895-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+English%3A+its+origins+and+evolution&rft.series=Studies+in+English+Language&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-10895-9&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Lyle&rft.au=Hay%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Maclagan%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Sudbury%2C+Angela&rft.au=Trudgill%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewzealandenglis0000unse_b8r3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGottlieb2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Gottlieb, H. 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ELT Journal 61 (1): 81–83. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Felt%2Fccl050">10.1093/elt/ccl050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_elt-journal_2007-01_61_1/page/81">https://archive.org/details/sim_elt-journal_2007-01_61_1/page/81</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGraddol2010" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Graddol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Graddol (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Graddol, David</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212042654/http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next-india-2010.pdf">English Next India: The future of English in India</a> (PDF). The British Council. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-86355-627-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-86355-627-2"><bdi>978-0-86355-627-2</bdi></a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next-india-2010.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 12 February 2015. Cyrchwyd 7 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Next+India%3A+The+future+of+English+in+India&rft.pub=The+British+Council&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-86355-627-2&rft.aulast=Graddol&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglishagenda.britishcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fec%2Ffiles%2Fbooks-english-next-india-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> <ul><li>Rama Mathew; Shefali Srivastava (July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_elt-journal_2011-07_65_3/page/356">"English Next India: The Future of English in India"</a>. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-37679-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-37679-2"><bdi>978-0-415-37679-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224062821/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415376792/">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 24 February 2015. Cyrchwyd 11 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+English&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-37679-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415376792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreen2002" class="citation book">Green, Lisa J. 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(2006). "Chapter7: English in Britain". In Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. (gol.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English language</a>. Cambridge University Press. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n375">360</a>–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-71799-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-71799-1"><bdi>978-0-521-71799-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter7%3A+English+in+Britain&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=360-61&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHow_English_evolved_into_a_global_language2010" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">"How English evolved into a global language"</a>. BBC. 20 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 25 September 2015. Cyrchwyd 9 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+English+evolved+into+a+global+language&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-12017753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHowManyWords2015" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords">"How many words are there in the English language?"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxford University Press. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130011051/http://oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 30 November 2011. Cyrchwyd 2 April 2015. <q>How many words are there in the English language? There is no single sensible answer to this question. It's impossible to count the number of words in a language, because it's so hard to decide what actually counts as a word.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&rft.atitle=How+many+words+are+there+in+the+English+language%3F&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fpage%2Fhowmanywords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHuddlestonPullum2002" class="citation book">Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language">The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-43146-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-43146-0"><bdi>978-0-521-43146-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212000801/http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 12 February 2015. Cyrchwyd 10 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43146-0&rft.aulast=Huddleston&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft.au=Pullum%2C+Geoffrey+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Flanguages-linguistics%2Fgrammar-and-syntax%2Fcambridge-grammar-english-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFPeter_W._Culicover" class="citation web">Peter W. Culicover. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~culicove/Publications/CGEL_Review.pdf">"The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language"</a> (PDF). The Ohio State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ohio+State+University&rft.atitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.au=Peter+W.+Culicover&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ling.ohio-state.edu%2F~culicove%2FPublications%2FCGEL_Review.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li></ul></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHughesTrudgill1996" class="citation book">Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter (1996). English Accents and Dialects (arg. 3rd). Arnold Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Accents+and+Dialects&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Arnold+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Trudgill%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Civil_Aviation_Organization2011" class="citation web">International Civil Aviation Organization (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icao.int/safety/airnavigation/pages/peltrgfaq.aspx#anchor14">"Personnel Licensing FAQ"</a>. International Civil Aviation Organization – Air Navigation Bureau. In which languages does a licence holder need to demonstrate proficiency?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220003044/http://www.icao.int/safety/airnavigation/pages/peltrgfaq.aspx#anchor14">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 20 December 2014. Cyrchwyd 16 December 2014. <q>Controllers working on stations serving designated airports and routes used by international air services shall demonstrate language proficiency in English as well as in any other language(s) used by the station on the ground.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personnel+Licensing+FAQ&rft.pages=In+which+languages+does+a+licence+holder+need+to+demonstrate+proficiency%3F&rft.pub=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization+%E2%80%93+Air+Navigation+Bureau&rft.date=2011&rft.au=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icao.int%2Fsafety%2Fairnavigation%2Fpages%2Fpeltrgfaq.aspx%23anchor14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Maritime_Organization2011" class="citation web">International Maritime Organization (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx">"IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003233938/http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 3 October 2011. Cyrchwyd 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMO+Standard+Marine+Communication+Phrases&rft.date=2011&rft.au=International+Maritime+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imo.org%2FOurWork%2FSafety%2FNavigation%2FPages%2FStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1999" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Association (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">International Phonetic Association</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern0000inte">Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</a>. Cambridge: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0"><bdi>978-0-521-65236-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.au=International+Phonetic+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofintern0000inte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li>Jambor, Paul Z. (2007). "English Language Imperialism: Points of View". Journal of English as an International Language 2: 103–123.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJespersen2007" class="citation book">Jespersen, Otto (2007). "Case: The number of English cases". The Philosophy of Grammar. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Case%3A+The+number+of+English+cases&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Grammar&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Jespersen&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|orig-date=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKachru2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Kachru, B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006453">"English: World Englishes"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 195–202. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00645-3">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00645-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025619/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006453">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English%3A+World+Englishes&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=195-202&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00645-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Kachru&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542006453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKastovsky2006" class="citation book">Kastovsky, Dieter (2006). "Chapter 4: Vocabulary". In Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. 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Cambridge University Press. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n214">199</a>–270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-71799-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-71799-1"><bdi>978-0-521-71799-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Vocabulary&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=199-270&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Kastovsky&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKönigvan_der_Auwera1994" class="citation book">König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan, gol. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">The Germanic Languages</a>. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-28079-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-28079-2"><bdi>978-0-415-28079-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4176538">4176538</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101046/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 2 April 2015. Cyrchwyd 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Descriptions&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4176538&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28079-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415280792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> The survey of the Germanic branch languages includes chapters by Winfred P. 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Routledge. tt. 532–562. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-28079-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-415-28079-2"><bdi>978-0-415-28079-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4176538">4176538</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101046/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 2 April 2015. Cyrchwyd 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17.+English&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Descriptions&rft.pages=532-562&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4176538&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28079-2&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6nig&rft.aufirst=Ekkehard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415280792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLabov1972" class="citation book">Labov, W. (1972). "13. The Social Stratification of (R) in New York City Department Stores". Sociolinguistic patterns. 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(2006b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050926">"English, African-American Vernacular"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 159–163. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05092-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05092-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025630/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050926">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. 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Elsevier. tt. 194–195. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01848-4">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01848-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025543/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542018484">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. 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(2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017363">"Philippines: Language Situation"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 323–326. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01736-3">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01736-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025632/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017363">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philippines%3A+Language+Situation&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=323-326&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01736-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Rubino&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542017363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRyan2013" class="citation web">Ryan, Camille (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205101044/http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf">"Language Use in the United States: 2011"</a> (PDF). 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Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7486-2595-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7486-2595-6"><bdi>978-0-7486-2595-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323021747/http://books.google.com/books?id=ntxWxuoRBiwC">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 23 March 2015. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-53901-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-53901-2"><bdi>978-0-521-53901-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801084402/https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 1 August 2020. 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American Speech 76 (3): 259–285. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1215%2F00031283-76-3-259">10.1215/00031283-76-3-259</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-speech_fall-2001_76_3/page/259">https://archive.org/details/sim_american-speech_fall-2001_76_3/page/259</a>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFShaywitz2003" class="citation book">Shaywitz, Sally E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXbZ1QInSF0C">Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-based Program for Reading Problems at Any Level</a>. A.A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-375-40012-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-375-40012-4"><bdi>978-0-375-40012-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905194958/https://books.google.com/books?id=hXbZ1QInSF0C">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 5 September 2015. 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Cyrchwyd 2 April 2015. <q>The problem with trying to number the words in any language is that it's very hard to agree on the basics. For example, what is a word?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+many+words+are+there+in+English%3F&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft.aulast=Sheidlower&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2139611%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFScheler1977" class="citation book">Scheler, Manfred (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GchZAAAAMAAJ">Der englische Wortschatz [English Vocabulary]</a> (yn Almaeneg). Berlin: E. Schmidt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-503-01250-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-503-01250-3"><bdi>978-3-503-01250-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326080028/https://books.google.com/books?id=GchZAAAAMAAJ">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 26 March 2017. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-86677-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-86677-4"><bdi>978-0-521-86677-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+English%3A+a+linguistic+introduction&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86677-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2014" class="citation web">Statistics Canada (22 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&Asc=0&PRCode=01&OrderBy=2&View=1&tableID=401&queryID=1&Age=1#TableSummary">"Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726032921/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&Asc=0&PRCode=01&OrderBy=2&View=1&tableID=401&queryID=1&Age=1#TableSummary">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 26 July 2018. Cyrchwyd 25 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+mother+tongue+and+age+groups+%28total%29%2C+2011+counts%2C+for+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.au=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Flang%2FPages%2Fhighlight.cfm%3FTabID%3D1%26Lang%3DE%26Asc%3D0%26PRCode%3D01%26OrderBy%3D2%26View%3D1%26tableID%3D401%26queryID%3D1%26Age%3D1%23TableSummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_New_Zealand2014" class="citation web">Statistics New Zealand (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115195639/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/quickstats-culture-identity.pdf">"2013 QuickStats About Culture and Identity"</a> (PDF). t. 23. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/quickstats-culture-identity.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 15 January 2015. Cyrchwyd 25 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+QuickStats+About+Culture+and+Identity&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2014-04&rft.au=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FStatistics%2FCensus%2F2013%2520Census%2Fprofile-and-summary-reports%2Fquickstats-culture-identity%2Fquickstats-culture-identity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_South_Africa2012" class="citation book">Lehohla, Pali, gol. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf#page=28">"Population by first language spoken and province"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">Census 2011: Census in Brief</a> (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. t. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-621-41388-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-621-41388-5"><bdi>978-0-621-41388-5</bdi></a>. Report No. 03‑01‑41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113164744/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">Archifwyd</a> (PDF) o'r gwreiddiol ar 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Population+by+first+language+spoken+and+province&rft.btitle=Census+2011%3A+Census+in+Brief&rft.place=Pretoria&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Statistics+South+Africa&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-621-41388-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2Fcensus%2Fcensus_2011%2Fcensus_products%2FCensus_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%23page%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSvartvikLeech2006" class="citation book">Svartvik, Jan; Leech, Geoffrey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishonetongue0000svar">English – One Tongue, Many Voices</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4039-1830-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4039-1830-7"><bdi>978-1-4039-1830-7</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 5 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+%E2%80%93+One+Tongue%2C+Many+Voices&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-1830-7&rft.aulast=Svartvik&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Leech%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishonetongue0000svar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLane_Gilmour2007" class="citation web">Lane Gilmour (May 29, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linguistlist.org/issues/18/18-1619/">"Review: Sociolinguistics: Leech; Svartvik (2006)"</a>. Linguist List.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linguist+List&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Sociolinguistics%3A+Leech%3B+Svartvik+%282006%29&rft.date=2007-05-29&rft.au=Lane+Gilmour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinguistlist.org%2Fissues%2F18%2F18-1619%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li></ul></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSwan2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Swan, M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050586">"English in the Present Day (Since ca. 1900)"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 149–156. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05058-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05058-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025601/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050586">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+the+Present+Day+%28Since+ca.+1900%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=149-156&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05058-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542050586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSweet2014" class="citation book">Sweet, Henry (2014). A New English Grammar. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+English+Grammar&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|orig-date=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThomas2008" class="citation book">Thomas, Erik R. (2008). "Rural Southern white accents". In Edgar W. Schneider (gol.). Varieties of English. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean. de Gruyter. tt. 87–114. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110208405.1.87">10.1515/9783110208405.1.87</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-11-020840-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-11-020840-5"><bdi>978-3-11-020840-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rural+Southern+white+accents&rft.btitle=Varieties+of+English&rft.pages=87-114&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110208405.1.87&rft.isbn=978-3-11-020840-5&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Erik+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThomasonKaufman1988" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Thomason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Thomason (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Thomason, Sarah G.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrence_Kaufman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrence Kaufman (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Kaufman, Terrence</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_afr_detail-2">Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-520-91279-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-520-91279-3"><bdi>978-0-520-91279-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Contact%2C+Creolization+and+Genetic+Linguistics&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-520-91279-3&rft.aulast=Thomason&rft.aufirst=Sarah+G.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Terrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frosettaproject_afr_detail-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTodd1982" class="citation book">Todd, Loreto (1982). "The English language in West Africa". In Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred (gol.). English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. tt. 281–305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-12-533872-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-12-533872-2"><bdi>978-3-12-533872-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+English+language+in+West+Africa&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=281-305&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Loreto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFToon1982" class="citation book">Toon, Thomas E. (1982). "Variation in Contemporary American English". In Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred (gol.). English as a World Language. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-83802-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-83802-3"><bdi>978-0-521-83802-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320002100/http://books.google.com/books?id=9qoZzBgCmFMC">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 20 March 2015. Cyrchwyd 5 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Do+Languages+Change%3F&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83802-3&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Trask%2C+Robert+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9qoZzBgCmFMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrudgill1999" class="citation book">Trudgill, Peter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dialectsofenglan0000trud_f6f5">The Dialects of England</a> (arg. 2nd). Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-631-21815-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-631-21815-9"><bdi>978-0-631-21815-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialects+of+England&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21815-9&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdialectsofenglan0000trud_f6f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrudgill2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Trudgill, Peter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542015066">"Accent"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. t. 14. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01506-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01506-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025601/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542015066">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Accent&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01506-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542015066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrudgillHannah2002" class="citation book">Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2002). International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English (arg. 4th). London: Hodder Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-340-80834-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-340-80834-4"><bdi>978-0-340-80834-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+English%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Varieties+of+Standard+English&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Hodder+Education&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-340-80834-4&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hannah%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrudgillHannah2008" class="citation book">Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131243/http://www.tandf.net/books/details/9780340971611/">International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English</a> (arg. 5th). London: Arnold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-340-97161-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-340-97161-1"><bdi>978-0-340-97161-1</bdi></a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e8u8MR8MNaEC">gwreiddiol</a> ar 2 April 2015. Cyrchwyd 26 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+English%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Varieties+of+Standard+English&rft.place=London&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-340-97161-1&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hannah%2C+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De8u8MR8MNaEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations2008" class="citation web">United Nations (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/wcm/webdav/site/visitors/shared/documents/pdfs/Pub_United">Nations_Everything U Always wanted to know.pdf "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the United Nations"</a> Check <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>) (PDF). Cyrchwyd 4 April 2015. <q>The working languages at the UN Secretariat are English and French.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everything+You+Always+Wanted+to+Know+About+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2008&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fwcm%2Fwebdav%2Fsite%2Fvisitors%2Fshared%2Fdocuments%2Fpdfs%2FPub_United+Nations_Everything+U+Always+wanted+to+know.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWardhaugh2010" class="citation book">Wardhaugh, Ronald (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoso0000ward_i6k0">An Introduction to Sociolinguistics</a>. Blackwell textbooks in Linguistics; 4 (arg. Sixth). Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4051-8668-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4051-8668-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-8668-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Sociolinguistics&rft.series=Blackwell+textbooks+in+Linguistics%3B+4&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8668-1&rft.aulast=Wardhaugh&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoso0000ward_i6k0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatts2011" class="citation book">Watts, Richard J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001/acprof-9780195327601">Language Myths and the History of English</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327601.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-532760-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-532760-1"><bdi>978-0-19-532760-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318165831/http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001/acprof-9780195327601">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 18 March 2015. Cyrchwyd 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Myths+and+the+History+of+English&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327601.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532760-1&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327601.001.0001%2Facprof-9780195327601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLarry_LaFond2012" class="citation web">Larry LaFond (April 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linguistlist.org/issues/23/23-1783/">"Review: Applied Ling.; General Ling.; Ling. Theories; Socioling.: Watts (2011)"</a>. Linguist List.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linguist+List&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Applied+Ling.%3B+General+Ling.%3B+Ling.+Theories%3B+Socioling.%3A+Watts+%282011%29&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft.au=Larry+LaFond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinguistlist.org%2Fissues%2F23%2F23-1783%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Accents_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Accents of English (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Accents of English</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWojcik2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Wojcik, R. H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050811">"Controlled Languages"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 139–142. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05081-1">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05081-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025557/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050811">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Controlled+Languages&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=139-142&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05081-1&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Wojcik&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542050811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWolfram2006" class="citation encyclopaedia">Wolfram, W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542042565">"Variation and Language: Overview"</a>. In Brown, Keith (gol.). Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. tt. 333–341. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04256-5">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04256-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-08-044299-0"><bdi>978-0-08-044299-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025635/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542042565">Archifwyd</a> o'r gwreiddiol ar 6 August 2020. Cyrchwyd 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Variation+and+Language%3A+Overview&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=333-341&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04256-5&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542042565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodyn:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodyn:Subscription or libraries (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Nodyn:Subscription or libraries</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gweler_hefyd">Gweler hefyd</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Golygu'r adran: Gweler hefyd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Gweler hefyd">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_English" title="Simple English">Simple English</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> gweler: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng">Ethnologue</a> (1984 amcangyfrif); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=883997">The Triumph of English</a>, The Economist, Rhag. 20, 2001; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng">Ethnologue</a> (1999 amcangyfrif);  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordseminars.com/Tesol/Pages/Teach/teach_20000jobs.php">20,000 Teaching Jobs</a>. Oxford Seminars. </li> <li id="cite_note-wwenglish-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-wwenglish_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwenglish_2-1">2.1</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de/01_lec06.php">Lecture 7: World-Wide English</a>. EHistLing. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng">Ethnologue</a> (1999 amcangyfrif); </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolff-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolff_4-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFFinkenstaedtDieter_Wolff1973" class="citation book">Finkenstaedt, Thomas; Dieter Wolff (1973). Ordered profusion; studies in dictionaries and the English lexicon. C. Winter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-533-02253-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-3-533-02253-4"><bdi>978-3-533-02253-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordered+profusion%3B+studies+in+dictionaries+and+the+English+lexicon&rft.pub=C.+Winter&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-3-533-02253-4&rft.aulast=Finkenstaedt&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Dieter+Wolff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger1992-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBammesberger1992_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBammesberger1992_5-1">5.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFBammesberger1992">Bammesberger 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006_6-1">6.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech2006_6-2">6.2</a> <a href="#CITEREFSvartvikLeech2006">Svartvik & Leech 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ian_Short_2007._p._193-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Ian_Short_2007._p._193_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ian_Short_2007._p._193_7-1">7.1</a> Ian Short, "Language and Literature", yn A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World, gol. Christopher Harper-Bill a Elisabeth M. C. van Houts (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007), t.19) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b_8-1">8.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b_8-2">8.2</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrystal2003b">Crystal 2003b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">"How English evolved into a global language"</a>. BBC. 20 Rhagfyr 2010. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">gwreiddiol</a> ar 25 September 2015. Cyrchwyd 9 Awst 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+English+evolved+into+a+global+language&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-12017753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English_10-0">10.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Routes_of_English_10-1">10.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Routes_of_English">The Routes of English</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönig1994-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKönig1994_11-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKönig1994">König 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEthnologue2010_12-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEthnologue2010">Ethnologue 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> Crystal, David (2008). "Two thousand million?" (yn en-US). English Today 24 (1): 3–6. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0266078408000023">10.1017/S0266078408000023</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0266-0784">0266-0784</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199229–30-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199229–30_14-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBammesberger1992">Bammesberger 1992</a>, tt. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1992-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1992_15-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobinson1992">Robinson 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine198256–65-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomaine198256–65_16-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRomaine1982">Romaine 1982</a>, tt. 56–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry198286–87-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarry198286–87_17-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarry1982">Barry 1982</a>, tt. 86–87. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbert2007-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarbert2007_18-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarbert2007">Harbert 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988264–265-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988264–265_19-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomasonKaufman1988">Thomason & Kaufman 1988</a>, tt. 264–265. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatts2011-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatts2011_20-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatts2011">Watts 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurrell2006-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurrell2006_21-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDurrell2006">Durrell 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994_22-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKönigvan_der_Auwera1994">König & van der Auwera 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Baugh, Albert (1951). A History of the English Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 60–83, 110–130 </li> <li id="cite_note-OriginOfAngloSaxon-24"><a href="#cite_ref-OriginOfAngloSaxon_24-0">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_William_Shore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas William Shore (nid yw'r dudalen yn bodoli)">Shore, Thomas William</a> (1906), <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shore_T._W._-_Origin_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_Race.pdf" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Shore T. W. - Origin of the Anglo-Saxon Race.pdf">Origin of the Anglo-Saxon Race – A Study of the Settlement of England and the Tribal Origin of the Old English People</a> (1st ed.), London, pp. 3, 393 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollingwoodMyres1936-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollingwoodMyres1936_25-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollingwoodMyres1936">Collingwood & Myres 1936</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddolLeithSwann_et_al.2007-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraddolLeithSwann_et_al.2007_26-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraddolLeithSwann_et_al.2007">Graddol, Leith & Swann et al. 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlenchSpriggs1999-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlenchSpriggs1999_27-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBlenchSpriggs1999">Blench & Spriggs 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworthToller1921-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBosworthToller1921_28-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBosworthToller1921">Bosworth & Toller 1921</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell19594-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell19594_29-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCampbell1959">Campbell 1959</a>, t. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToon1992-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToon1992_30-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFToon1992">Toon 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonoghue2008-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonoghue2008_31-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonoghue2008">Donoghue 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGneuss201323-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGneuss201323_32-0">32.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGneuss201323_32-1">32.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFGneuss2013">Gneuss 2013</a>, t. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenisonHogg2006-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDenisonHogg2006_33-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDenisonHogg2006">Denison & Hogg 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogg1992Chapter_3._Phonology_and_Morphology-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogg1992Chapter_3._Phonology_and_Morphology_34-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHogg1992">Hogg 1992</a>, Chapter 3. Phonology and Morphology. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2009-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2009_35-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2009">Smith 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETraskTrask2010-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraskTrask2010_36-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTraskTrask2010">Trask & Trask 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988_37-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomasonKaufman1988">Thomason & Kaufman 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischervan_der_Wurff2006-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischervan_der_Wurff2006_38-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFischervan_der_Wurff2006">Fischer & van der Wurff 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFWycliffe" class="citation web">Wycliffe, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202202047/http://wesley.nnu.edu/fileadmin/imported_site/wycliffe/wycbible-all.pdf">"Bible"</a> (PDF). Wesley NNU. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wesley.nnu.edu/fileadmin/imported_site/wycliffe/wycbible-all.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 2 February 2017. Cyrchwyd 9 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bible&rft.pub=Wesley+NNU&rft.aulast=Wycliffe&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwesley.nnu.edu%2Ffileadmin%2Fimported_site%2Fwycliffe%2Fwycbible-all.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHorobin" class="citation web">Horobin, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191203092713/https://opencanterburytales.dsl.lsu.edu/refmideng/">"Chaucer's Middle English"</a>. The Open Access Companion to the Canterbury Tales. Louisiana State University. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencanterburytales.dsl.lsu.edu/refmideng/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 3 December 2019. Cyrchwyd 24 November 2019. <q>The only appearances of their and them in Chaucer's works are in the Reeve's Tale, where they form part of the Northern dialect spoken by the two Cambridge students, Aleyn and John, demonstrating that at this time they were still perceived to be Northernisms</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Open+Access+Companion+to+the+Canterbury+Tales&rft.atitle=Chaucer%27s+Middle+English&rft.aulast=Horobin&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopencanterburytales.dsl.lsu.edu%2Frefmideng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2000-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass2000_41-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLass2000">Lass 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGörlach1991-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGörlach1991_42-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGörlach1991">Görlach 1991</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENevalainenTieken-Boon_van_Ostade2006-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENevalainenTieken-Boon_van_Ostade2006_43-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNevalainenTieken-Boon_van_Ostade2006">Nevalainen & Tieken-Boon van Ostade 2006</a>, tt. 274–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECercignani1981-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECercignani1981_44-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCercignani1981">Cercignani 1981</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHow_English_evolved_into_a_global_language2010-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHow_English_evolved_into_a_global_language2010_45-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHow_English_evolved_into_a_global_language2010">How English evolved into a global language 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine2006-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomaine2006_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRomaine2006">Romaine 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMufwene2006-47">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMufwene2006_47-0">47.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMufwene2006_47-1">47.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFMufwene2006">Mufwene 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013-48">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013_48-0">48.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013_48-1">48.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013_48-2">48.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthrup2013_48-3">48.3</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorthrup2013">Northrup 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBaker1998" class="citation book">Baker, Colin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC">Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education</a>. Multilingual Matters. t. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-85359-362-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-85359-362-8"><bdi>978-1-85359-362-8</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 27 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Bilingualism+and+Bilingual+Education&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-362-8&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYgtSqB9oqDIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddol2006-50">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraddol2006_50-0">50.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraddol2006_50-1">50.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraddol2006">Graddol 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a-51">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a_51-0">51.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a_51-1">51.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrystal2003a">Crystal 2003a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCrumMacNeilCran2003-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCrumMacNeilCran2003_52-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcCrumMacNeilCran2003">McCrum, MacNeil & Cran 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine1999-53">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomaine1999_53-0">53.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomaine1999_53-1">53.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomaine1999_53-2">53.2</a> <a href="#CITEREFRomaine1999">Romaine 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125144549/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b/">"Which countries are best at English as a second language?"</a>. World Economic Forum. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b">gwreiddiol</a> ar 25 November 2016. Cyrchwyd 29 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Which+countries+are+best+at+English+as+a+second+language%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2016%2F11%2Fwhich-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062_55-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSvartvikLeech2006">Svartvik & Leech 2006</a>, t. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006196-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKachru2006196_56-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKachru2006">Kachru 2006</a>, t. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2013Table_1-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2013Table_1_57-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRyan2013">Ryan 2013</a>, Table 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOffice_for_National_Statistics2013Key_Points-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOffice_for_National_Statistics2013Key_Points_58-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOffice_for_National_Statistics2013">Office for National Statistics 2013</a>, Key Points. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Records_of_Scotland2013-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Records_of_Scotland2013_59-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Records_of_Scotland2013">National Records of Scotland 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorthern_Ireland_Statistics_and_Research_Agency2012Table_KS207NI:_Main_Language-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorthern_Ireland_Statistics_and_Research_Agency2012Table_KS207NI:_Main_Language_60-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorthern_Ireland_Statistics_and_Research_Agency2012">Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency 2012</a>, Table KS207NI: Main Language. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatistics_Canada2014-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatistics_Canada2014_61-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFStatistics_Canada2014">Statistics Canada 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2013-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2013_62-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2013">Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatistics_South_Africa2012Table_2.5_Population_by_first_language_spoken_and_province_(number)-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatistics_South_Africa2012Table_2.5_Population_by_first_language_spoken_and_province_(number)_63-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFStatistics_South_Africa2012">Statistics South Africa 2012</a>, Table 2.5 Population by first language spoken and province (number). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStatistics_New_Zealand2014-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStatistics_New_Zealand2014_64-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFStatistics_New_Zealand2014">Statistics New Zealand 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBao2006-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBao2006_65-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBao2006">Bao 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006-66">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKachru2006_66-0">66.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKachru2006_66-1">66.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKachru2006">Kachru 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b108–109_67-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrystal2003b">Crystal 2003b</a>, tt. 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERubino2006-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERubino2006_68-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRubino2006">Rubino 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatrick2006a-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatrick2006a_69-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPatrick2006a">Patrick 2006a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELimAnsaldo2006-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELimAnsaldo2006_70-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLimAnsaldo2006">Lim & Ansaldo 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConnell2006-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConnell2006_71-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFConnell2006">Connell 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2007-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2007_72-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchneider2007">Schneider 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008-73">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008_73-0">73.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008_73-1">73.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah2008_73-2">73.2</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrudgillHannah2008">Trudgill & Hannah 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20084-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20084_74-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrudgillHannah2008">Trudgill & Hannah 2008</a>, t. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20085-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20085_75-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrudgillHannah2008">Trudgill & Hannah 2008</a>, t. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEuropean_Commission2012-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEuropean_Commission2012_76-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEuropean_Commission2012">European Commission 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006197-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKachru2006197_77-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKachru2006">Kachru 2006</a>, t. 197. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaughCable2002-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaughCable2002_78-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaughCable2002">Baugh & Cable 2002</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgill2006-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgill2006_79-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrudgill2006">Trudgill 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmmon2008-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmmon2008_80-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmmon2008">Ammon 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazruiMazrui1998-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazruiMazrui1998_81-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMazruiMazrui1998">Mazrui & Mazrui 1998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMesthrie2010-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMesthrie2010_82-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMesthrie2010">Mesthrie 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnnamalai2006-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnnamalai2006_83-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnnamalai2006">Annamalai 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESailaja2009-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESailaja2009_84-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSailaja2009">Sailaja 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422224021/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indiaspeak-English-is-our-2nd-language/articleshow/5680962.cms?referral=PM">"Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language – The Times of India"</a>. The Times of India. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indiaspeak-English-is-our-2nd-language/articleshow/5680962.cms?referral=PM">gwreiddiol</a> ar 22 April 2016. Cyrchwyd 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Indiaspeak%3A+English+is+our+2nd+language+%E2%80%93+The+Times+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIndiaspeak-English-is-our-2nd-language%2Farticleshow%2F5680962.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211124532/http://www.ihds.umd.edu/IHDS_files/HumanDevelopmentinIndia.pdf">Human Development in India: Challenges for a Society in Transition</a> (PDF). Oxford University Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-806512-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-806512-8"><bdi>978-0-19-806512-8</bdi></a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ihds.umd.edu/IHDS_files/HumanDevelopmentinIndia.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 2015-12-11. Cyrchwyd 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Development+in+India%3A+Challenges+for+a+Society+in+Transition&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-806512-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fihds.umd.edu%2FIHDS_files%2FHumanDevelopmentinIndia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ASaesneg" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344" /> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2004-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2004_87-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrystal2004">Crystal 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraddol2010-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraddol2010_88-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraddol2010">Graddol 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeierkord2006-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeierkord2006_89-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeierkord2006">Meierkord 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrutt-Griffler2006-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrutt-Griffler2006_90-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrutt-Griffler2006">Brutt-Griffler 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWojcik2006-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWojcik2006_91-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWojcik2006">Wojcik 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Maritime_Organization2011-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Maritime_Organization2011_92-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFInternational_Maritime_Organization2011">International Maritime Organization 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Civil_Aviation_Organization2011-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Civil_Aviation_Organization2011_93-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFInternational_Civil_Aviation_Organization2011">International Civil Aviation Organization 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordin2015-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordin2015_94-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGordin2015">Gordin 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillipson2004-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillipson2004_95-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhillipson2004">Phillipson 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConradRubal-Lopez1996-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConradRubal-Lopez1996_96-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFConradRubal-Lopez1996">ConradRubal-Lopez 1996</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichter2012-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichter2012_97-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRichter2012">Richter 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2008-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2008_98-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Nations2008">United Nations 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram2006334–335-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram2006334–335_99-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolfram2006">Wolfram 2006</a>, tt. 334–335. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni_allanol">Dolenni allanol</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saesneg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni allanol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/research/gsound/Eng/Database/Phonetics/Englishes/Home/HomeMainFrameHolder.htm">Acenion Saesneg o Amgylch y Byd (Prifysgol Caeredin)</a> Ffeiliau sain yn cymharu sut mae 110 gair yn cael eu hynganu mewn 50 acen Saesneg o bedwar ban byd</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialectsarchive.com/">Archif Rhyngwladol Tafodieithoedd Saesneg – recordiadau o dafodieithoedd Saesneg ac acenion L2 rhyngwladol</a></li></ul> <div class="infobox" style="float:right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Wiktionary-logo-cy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wiktionary-logo-cy.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-cy.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wiktionary-logo-cy.png/75px-Wiktionary-logo-cy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Wiktionary-logo-cy.png/100px-Wiktionary-logo-cy.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Chwiliwch am <a href="https://cy.wiktionary.org/wiki/Saesneg" class="extiw" title="wikt:Saesneg">Saesneg</a> yn <a href="/wiki/Wiciadur" title="Wiciadur">Wiciadur</a>.</div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awdurdod" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Awdurdod" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Awdurdod" 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