CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cyberfeminism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a4408b5c-6dc6-4c01-a422-504595986be5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cyberfeminism","wgTitle":"Cyberfeminism","wgCurRevisionId":1259436181,"wgRevisionId":1259436181,"wgArticleId":2626651,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using sidebar with the child parameter","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014","Feminism and the arts","Internet culture","Intersectional feminism", "Transhumanism","Feminist movements and ideologies"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cyberfeminism","wgRelevantArticleId":2626651,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3008160","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cyberfeminism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cyberfeminism rootpage-Cyberfeminism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cyberfeminism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cyberfeminism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cyberfeminism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cyberfeminism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theoretical_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theoretical_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theoretical background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theoretical_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-white_cyberfeminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-white_cyberfeminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Non-white cyberfeminism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-white_cyberfeminism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-white cyberfeminism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-white_cyberfeminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_cyberfeminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_cyberfeminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Black cyberfeminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_cyberfeminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Xenofeminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xenofeminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Xenofeminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xenofeminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Critiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Art and artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Listserves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_theorists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_theorists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable theorists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_theorists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyberfeminism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نسوية إلكترونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نسوية إلكترونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাইবাৰ নাৰীবাদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাইবাৰ নাৰীবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberfeminisme" title="Ciberfeminisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciberfeminisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminisme" title="Cyberfeminisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cyberfeminisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminismus" title="Cyberfeminismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cyberfeminismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberfeminismo" title="Ciberfeminismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciberfeminismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziberfeminismo" title="Ziberfeminismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ziberfeminismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="سایبرفمینیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سایبرفمینیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberf%C3%A9minisme" title="Cyberféminisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cyberféminisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberfeminismo" title="Ciberfeminismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciberfeminismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Կիբերֆեմինիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիբերֆեմինիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberfeminisme" title="Siberfeminisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siberfeminisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfemminismo" title="Cyberfemminismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cyberfemminismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="סייברפמיניזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סייברפמיניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Киберфеминизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киберфеминизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminisme" title="Cyberfeminisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cyberfeminisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminizm" title="Cyberfeminizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cyberfeminizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberfeminismo" title="Ciberfeminismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciberfeminismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Киберфеминизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киберфеминизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Сајберфеминизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сајберфеминизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiberfeminizam" title="Kiberfeminizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kiberfeminizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyberfeminismi" title="Kyberfeminismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kyberfeminismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кіберфемінізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кіберфемінізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="سائبر نسائیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سائبر نسائیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%A5%B3%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="網絡女權主義 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網絡女權主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3008160#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cyberfeminism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cyberfeminism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cyberfeminism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&oldid=1259436181" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cyberfeminism&id=1259436181&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCyberfeminism"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCyberfeminism"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cyberfeminism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3008160" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Feminist approach</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism" title="Category:Feminism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_symbol_(heavy_pink).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/80px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/120px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/160px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_history" title="Feminist history">Feminist history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">History of feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">Women's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Germany" title="History of women in Germany">German</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> Waves</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Timelines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Muslim countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)" title="Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)">Other women's rights</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> by country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Austria" title="Women's suffrage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Canada" title="Women's suffrage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Colombia" title="Women's suffrage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_India" title="Women's suffrage in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Japan" title="Women's suffrage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Kuwait" title="Women's suffrage in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic_period" title="Women's suffrage in the Spanish Second Republic period">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Francoist_Spain_and_the_democratic_transition" title="Women's suffrage in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition">Francoist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wales" title="Women's suffrage in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_states_of_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in states of the United States">states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality#Feminist_thought" title="Intersectionality">Intersectional variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_feminism" title="Fat feminism">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Lesbian_of_color_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism#Lesbian_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Vegetarian ecofeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jineology" title="Jineology">Jineology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality#Marxist_feminist_critical_theory" title="Intersectionality">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpoint_feminism" title="Standpoint feminism">Standpoint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialist_feminism" title="Materialist feminism">Materialist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Materialist_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_feminism" title="Postcolonial feminism">Postcolonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_feminism" title="Global feminism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_feminism" title="Transnational feminism">Transnational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenofeminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenofeminism">Xenofeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multicultural</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africana_womanism" title="Africana womanism">Africana womanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Black_lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchet_feminism" title="Ratchet feminism">Ratchet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Chicana_lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_feminism" title="Native American feminism">Native American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_feminist_theory" title="Multiracial feminist theory">Multiracial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_feminism" title="Romani feminism">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_feminism" title="Anti-abortion feminism">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_feminism" title="Maternal feminism">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Postfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofeminism" title="Neofeminism">Neofeminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carceral_feminism" title="Carceral feminism">Carceral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_feminism" title="Imperial feminism">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_feminism" title="Embedded feminism">Embedded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Gender-critical</span> or <span class="nowrap">trans-exclusionary</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_feminism" title="Victim feminism">Victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">White</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Religious variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Neopagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Spiritual_Ecofeminism/Cultural_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_community" title="Feminism in India">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_feminism" title="Sikh feminism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Movements and ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4B_movement" title="4B movement">4B movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_feminism" title="Analytical feminism">Analytical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantifa" title="Fantifa">Anti-fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pornography feminism">Anti-pornography</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cyberfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_HCI" title="Feminist HCI">HCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networked_feminism" title="Networked feminism">Networked</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenic_feminism" title="Eugenic feminism">Eugenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Lipstick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism#Stiletto_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Stiletto</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_feminism" title="Labor feminism">Labor</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian feminism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structural_feminism" title="Post-structural feminism">Post-structural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Postmodern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_feminism" title="Cultural feminism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technofeminism" title="Technofeminism">Technofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">Women's liberation</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">Antinaturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_labor" title="Cognitive labor">Cognitive labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literature" title="Feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_children%27s_literature" title="Feminist children's literature">Children's literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_effects_on_society" title="Feminist effects on society">Effects on society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_equality" title="Feminism and equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_culture" title="Feminism in culture">Feminism in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">Feminist movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American women's suffrage movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">In hip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_striptease" title="Feminist views on striptease">Feminist stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_quota" title="Gender quota">Gender quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">Girl power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_womanhood" title="Ideal womanhood">Ideal womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_labor" title="Invisible labor">Invisible labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_sexism" title="Internalized sexism">Internalized sexism</a></li> <li>International <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">Girl's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">Women's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_language_reform" title="Feminist language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_capitalism" title="Feminist capitalism">Feminist capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likeability_trap" title="Likeability trap">Likeability trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_religion" title="Matriarchal religion">Matriarchal religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_media" title="Feminism and media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Trans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Opposition to feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protofeminism" title="Protofeminism">Protofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purplewashing" title="Purplewashing">Purplewashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_racism" title="Feminism and racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_workers%27_rights" title="Sex workers' rights">Sex workers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_oppression" title="Triple oppression">Triple oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_women" title="War on women">War on women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women-only_space" title="Women-only space">Women-only space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health"><span class="wrap">Women's health</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_workforce" title="Women in the workforce">Women in the workforce</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Outlooks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycling_and_feminism" title="Bicycling and feminism">Bicycling and feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_marriage" title="Criticism of marriage">Criticism of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_BDSM" title="Feminist views on BDSM">Views on BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Views on pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_sex_industry" title="Feminist views on the sex industry">Views on prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Views on sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Views on sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">Views on transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_method" title="Feminist method">Feminist method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_mainstreaming" title="Gender mainstreaming">Gender mainstreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism">Gynocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriarchy" title="Kyriarchy">Kyriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_gaze" title="Male gaze">Male gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">Women's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">Écriture féminine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Areas of study</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_modern_architecture" title="Feminism and modern architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">Art criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Science fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_biology" title="Feminist biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory_in_composition_studies" title="Feminist theory in composition studies">Composition studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_school_of_criminology" title="Feminist school of criminology">Criminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pathways_perspective" title="Feminist pathways perspective">Pathways perspective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_post-structuralist_discourse_analysis" title="Feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis">FDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_geography" title="Feminist geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">International relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_constructivism" title="Feminist constructivism">Constructivism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pedagogy" title="Feminist pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_empiricism" title="Feminist empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_ethics" title="Feminist ethics">Ethics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_justice_ethics" title="Feminist justice ethics">Justice ethics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_metaphysics" title="Feminist metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy_of_science" title="Feminist philosophy of science">science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_ecology" title="Feminist political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_therapy" title="Feminist therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_revisionist_mythology" title="Feminist revisionist mythology">Revisionist mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sexology" title="Feminist sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">womanist theology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By continent/country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Egypt" title="Feminism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Senegal" title="Feminism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Australia" title="Feminism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Bangladesh" title="Feminism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Denmark" title="Women in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Germany" title="Feminism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Greece" title="Feminism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Indonesia" title="Feminism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Feminism in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Italy" title="Feminism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Japan" title="Feminism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Argentina" title="Feminism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Brazil" title="Feminism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Chile" title="Feminism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mexico" title="Feminism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Women in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Lebanon" title="Women in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nepal" title="Feminism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Feminism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Norway" title="Feminism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Poland" title="Feminism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Feminism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Sweden" title="Feminism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Taiwan" title="Feminism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">History of women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists and categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_feminism_articles" title="Index of feminism articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminists" title="List of feminists">Feminists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminists_by_nationality" title="Category:Feminists by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_literature" title="List of feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_feminist_literature" title="List of American feminist literature">American feminist literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_comic_books" title="List of feminist comic books">Feminist comic books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_anthems" title="List of feminist anthems">Feminist songs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative feminisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecofeminist_authors" title="List of ecofeminist authors">Ecofeminist authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_art_critics" title="List of feminist art critics">Feminist art critics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_economists" title="List of feminist economists">Feminist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_philosophers" title="List of feminist philosophers">Feminist philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_poets" title="List of feminist poets">Feminist poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_rhetoricians" title="List of feminist rhetoricians">Feminist rhetoricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_feminists" title="List of Jewish feminists">Jewish feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_feminists" title="List of Muslim feminists">Muslim feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_parties" title="List of feminist parties">Feminist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">Suffragists and suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists" title="List of women's rights activists">Women's rights activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_studies_journals" title="List of women's studies journals">Women's studies journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage organizations">Women's suffrage organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_rights_by_country" title="Category:Women's rights by country">Women's rights by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminists_by_nationality" title="Category:Feminists by nationality">Feminists by nationality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #DF2B6A; border-bottom:1px solid #DF2B6A; font-weight:bold"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/28px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/42px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/56px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feminism_sidebar" title="Template:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feminism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Cyberfeminism</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a> approach which foregrounds the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">cyberspace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>. It can be used to refer to a philosophy, art practices, methodologies or community.<sup id="cite_ref-Harlow_2013_430–433_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlow_2013_430–433-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was coined in the early 1990s to describe the work of feminists interested in theorizing, critiquing, exploring and re-making the Internet, cyberspace and new-media technologies in general. </p><p>The first use of the term cyberfeminist has been attributed to Australian artists and art collectives. The inception of the cyberfeminist art movement is described by one of its pioneers <a href="/wiki/Linda_Dement" title="Linda Dement">Linda Dement</a>, as one that "coagulated and sparked in the reject-outsider mutiny, trauma-jouissance and fast hard beat of queer punk. It found visible existence and a manifesto, through VNS Matrix in the (typical) Adelaide heat wave of 1991… Cyberfeminism, as blurred edge range, entangles carnality with code; machines, blood and bad language; poetry and disdain; executables, theft and creative fabrication. It incites and follows lines of flight powered by contradiction, relatedness, transgression, and misbehaviour. It simultaneously embraces logic and unreason, giving the finger to binaries as it ravishes them."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/VNS_Matrix" title="VNS Matrix">VNS Matrix</a>'s <i>A Cyberfeminist Manifesto for the 21st Century</i> was published online in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundational catalyst for the formation of cyberfeminist thought is often attributed by Europeans to <a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/A_Cyborg_Manifesto" title="A Cyborg Manifesto">A Cyborg Manifesto</a>", <a href="/wiki/Third_wave_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave feminism">third wave feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-structuralist_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-structuralist feminism">post-structuralist feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">riot grrrl</a> culture and the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">feminist</a> critique of the alleged erasure of women within discussions of technology. Although the cyberfeminists _in the know_<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> will always take time to explain that it was <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a> who seeded the ground in "Zeros and Ones, Digital Women and the New Technoculture" <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Cyberfeminism is an alliance that seeks awareness to defy any sort of boundaries of identity and definition be truly postmodern in its potential for radical openness.<sup id="cite_ref-Harlow_2013_430–433_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlow_2013_430–433-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is seen with the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Old_Boys_Network" title="Old Boys Network">Old Boys Network</a>'s <i>100 anti-theses</i> which lists the 100 ways "cyberfeminism is not."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornelia Sollfrank from the Old Boys Network states that:<sup id="cite_ref-Sollfrank_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sollfrank-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Cyberfeminism is a <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a>. A myth is a story of unidentifiable origin, or of different origins. A myth is based on one central story which is retold over and over in different variations. A myth denies one history as well as one truth, and implies a search for truth in the spaces, in the differences between the different stories. Speaking about Cyberfeminism as a myth, is not intended to mystify it, it simply indicates that Cyberfeminism only exists in plural.</p></blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Mia_Consalvo" title="Mia Consalvo">Mia Consalvo</a> defines cyberfeminism as:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><ol><li>a label for women—especially young women who might not even want to align with feminism's history—not just to consume new technologies but to actively participate in their making;</li> <li>a critical engagement with new technologies and their entanglement with power structures and systemic oppression.</li></ol> <p>The early cyberfeminist perspective takes a <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> view of cyberspace and the Internet as a means of freedom from <a href="/wiki/Social_constructionism" title="Social constructionism">social constructs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>, sex difference and race. For instance, a description of the concept described it as a struggle to be aware of the impact of new technologies on the lives of women as well as the so-called insidious gendering of technoculture in everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also sees technology as a means to link the body with machines. This is demonstrated in the way cyberfeminism—as maintained by theorists such as Barbara Kennedy—is said to define a specific cyborgian consciousness concept, which denotes a way of thinking that breaks down binary and oppositional discourses.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the case of the renegotiation of the <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI), which is considered top-down masculinist, into bottom-up feminized version labeled as <a href="/wiki/Artificial_life" title="Artificial life">ALife</a> programming.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In "Cyberfeminist Bed Sheet Flown as a Flag" (2018–19) <a href="/wiki/Linda_Dement" title="Linda Dement">Linda Dement</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Mauro-Flude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Mauro-Flude (page does not exist)">Nancy Mauro-Flude</a> devised a performance of the bed-sheet-flag, unfurling ribbons of quotes from the stains of their sisterhood kin: "A genealogical record, it bears smears and stains from productive encounters, convergences and brush pasts. The sheet has been endlessly folded, scrunched, wrung out or smoothed flat in spawning, connecting and adulterating across feminist time and creative persuasions." Initially Dement mapped a non-linear terrain of punk, cyberfeminism, rebellious aberration and corporeal digital transgression as a rumpled unclean bedsheet.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Authors Hawthorne and Klein explain the different analyses of cyberfeminism in their book: "Just as there are liberal, socialist, radical and postmodern feminists, so too one finds these positions reflected in the interpretations of cyberfeminism."<sup id="cite_ref-Hawthorn_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawthorn-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/VNS_Matrix" title="VNS Matrix">VNS Matrix</a> member <a href="/wiki/Julianne_Pierce" title="Julianne Pierce">Julianne Pierce</a> defines cyberfeminism: "In 1991, in a cozy Australian city called Adelaide, four bored girls decided to have some fun with art and French Feminist theory... with homage to <a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a> they began to play around with the idea of cyberfeminism."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaterson" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Paterson_(artist)" title="Nancy Paterson (artist)">Paterson, Nancy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990116224748/http://echonyc.com:70/0/Cul/Cyber/paterson">"Cyberfeminism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EchoNYC" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoNYC">EchoNYC</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Horn" title="Stacy Horn">Stacy Horn</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echonyc.com:70/0/Cul/Cyber/paterson">the original</a> on 16 January 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EchoNYC&rft.atitle=Cyberfeminism&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fechonyc.com%3A70%2F0%2FCul%2FCyber%2Fpaterson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></ref> Cyberfeminism is not just the subject matter, but is the approach taken to examine subject matter. For example: Cyberfeminism can be a critique of equality in cyberspace, challenge the gender stereotype in cyberspace, examine the gender relationship in cyberspace, examine the collaboration between humans and technology, examine the relationship between women and technology and more.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosser_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosser-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a> much more viewed Cyberfeminism as a project which sought to uncover the history linking femininity and technology and how traits which were feminine were both useful to technology while still being in the same historical position as technology, objectified and to serve the ends of men, but for Plant this is where the future leads, towards technology and the abandoning of man, while women and technology go hand in hand escaping "the meat" for Plant by making "the meat" and "the mind" the same.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theoretical_background">Theoretical background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theoretical background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cyberfeminism arose partly as a reaction to "the pessimism of the 1980s feminist approaches that stressed the inherently masculine nature of techno-science", a counter-movement against the 'toys for boys' perception of new Internet technologies. According to a text published by Trevor Scott Milford,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another contributor to the rise of cyberfeminism was the lack of female discourse and participation online concerning topics that were impacting women. As cyberfeminist artist <a href="/wiki/Faith_Wilding" title="Faith Wilding">Faith Wilding</a> argued: "If feminism is to be adequate to its cyberpotential then it must mutate to keep up with the shifting complexities of social realities and life conditions as they are changed by the profound impact communications technologies and techno science have on all our lives. It is up to cyberfeminists to use feminist theoretical insights and strategic tools and join them with cybertechniques to battle the very real sexism, racism, and militarism encoded in the software and hardware of the Net, thus politicizing this environment." </p><p>British cultural theorist <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a> chose cyberfeminism to describe her recipe for defining the feminizing influence of technology on western society and its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European's often cite <a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a> as the inspiration and genesis for cyberfeminism with her 1985 essay "<a href="/wiki/A_Cyborg_Manifesto" title="A Cyborg Manifesto">A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century</a>" which was reprinted in <i>Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature</i> (1991).<sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_University_Press_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_University_Press-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haraway's essay states that cyborgs are able to transcend the public and private spheres, but they do not have the ability to identify with their origins or with nature in order to develop a sense of understanding through differences between self and others. <a href="/wiki/Shulamith_Firestone" title="Shulamith Firestone">Shulamith Firestone</a> and her book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dialectic_of_Sex" title="The Dialectic of Sex">The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution</a></i> has been named as a precursor to Haraway's work in cyberfeminism.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Firestone's work focuses reproductive technology and advancing it to eliminate the connection of the feminine identity being connected to childbirth.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Firestone believed that gender inequality and oppression against women could be solved if the roles around reproduction did not exist. Both Firestone and Haraway had ideals based on making individuals androgynous, and both women wanted society to move beyond biology by improving technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cyberfeminism is considered a predecessor to <a href="/wiki/Networked_feminism" title="Networked feminism">networked feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wave_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth wave feminism">fourth wave feminism</a>. Cyberfeminism also has a relationship to the field of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">feminist science and technology studies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminist_Internet_Theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminist Internet Theory (page does not exist)">Feminist Internet Theory</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shulamith_Firestone" title="Shulamith Firestone">Shulamith Firestone</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dialectic_of_Sex" title="The Dialectic of Sex">The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution</a></i> created the foundation for many cyberfeminist activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her book, Firestone explores the possibility of using technology to eliminate sexism by freeing women from their obligation to carry children in order to create a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a>. In many ways, this can be seen as a precursor to cyberfeminism because it questions the role that technology should play in dismantling the patriarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a> was the inspiration and genesis for cyberfeminism with her 1985 essay "<a href="/wiki/A_Cyborg_Manifesto" title="A Cyborg Manifesto">A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century</a>", which was later reprinted in <i>Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature</i> (1991).<sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_University_Press_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_University_Press-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haraway's essay states that cyborgs are able to transcend the public and private spheres, but they do not have the ability to identify with their origins or with nature in order to develop a sense of understanding through differences between self and others. Haraway had ideals based on making individuals androgynous, and wanted society to move beyond biology by improving technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term cyberfeminism was first used around 1991 by both the English cultural theoretician <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a> and the Australian artist group <a href="/wiki/VNS_Matrix" title="VNS Matrix">VNS Matrix</a>, independently from each other.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Paterson_(artist)" title="Nancy Paterson (artist)">Nancy Paterson</a> wrote an article entitled "Cyberfeminism" for <a href="/wiki/EchoNYC" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoNYC">EchoNYC</a> in 1991.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Adelaide, Australia, a four-person collective called VNS Matrix wrote the Cyberfeminist <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">Manifesto</a> in 1991; they used the term cyberfeminist to label their radical feminist acts "to insert women, bodily fluids and political consciousness into electronic spaces." That same year, British <a href="/wiki/Cultural_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural theorist">cultural theorist</a> Sadie Plant used the term to describe definition of the feminizing influence of <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> on <a href="/wiki/Western_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Western society">western society</a>. </p><p>In 1996, a special volume of <i>Women & Performance</i> was devoted to sexuality and cyberspace. It was a compendium of essays on cybersex, online stalking, fetal imaging, and going digital in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Guertin_(writer)" title="Carolyn Guertin (writer)">Carolyn Guertin</a>, the first Cyberfeminist International, organized by the Old Boys Network in Germany, in 1997, refused to define the school of thought, but drafted the "100 Anti-Theses of Cyberfeminism" instead. Guertin says that cyberfeminism is a celebration of <a href="/wiki/Multiplicity_(philosophy)" title="Multiplicity (philosophy)">multiplicity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1990s and early 2000s, cyberfeminist theorists and artists incorporated insights from <a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcolonial studies">postcolonial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subaltern_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Subaltern studies">subaltern studies</a> about the intersection of gender and race, inspired by thinkers such as Donna Haraway and <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak">Gayatri Spivak</a>. Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Coco_Fusco" title="Coco Fusco">Coco Fusco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shu_Lea_Cheang" title="Shu Lea Cheang">Shu Lea Cheang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prema_Murthy" title="Prema Murthy">Prema Murthy</a>, explored the ways that gender and race by combining performance art, video art, and with the then-emerging technologies of interactive websites, digital graphics, and streaming media.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003 the feminist anthology <i><a href="/wiki/Sisterhood_Is_Forever:_The_Women%27s_Anthology_for_a_New_Millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium">Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium</a></i> was published; it includes the essay "Cyberfeminism: Networking the Net" by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Richards" title="Amy Richards">Amy Richards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Schnall" title="Marianne Schnall">Marianne Schnall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usage of the term cyberfeminism has faded away after the millennium, partly as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot.com bubble burst</a> that bruised the utopian bent of much of digital culture. <a href="/wiki/Radhika_Gajjala" title="Radhika Gajjala">Radhika Gajjala</a> and Yeon Ju Oh's <i>Cyberfeminism 2.0</i> argues that cyberfeminism in the 21st century has taken many new forms and focuses on the different aspects of women's participation online. It also includes the promotion of feminist ideals on more modernized technology. This included the emergence of several feminist blogs. They find cyberfeminists in women's blogging networks and their conferences, in women's gaming, in fandom, in social media, in online mothers' groups performing <a href="/wiki/Lactivism" title="Lactivism">pro-breastfeeding activism</a>, and in online spaces developed and populated by marginal networks of women in non-Western countries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there are writing on black cyberfeminism which argue that not only is race not absent in our use of the internet, but race is a key component in how we interact with the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, women of colour generally do not associate with cyberfeminism,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rather re-frame <a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">africanfuturism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">afrofuturism</a> in feminist terms.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decline in the volume of cyberfeminist literature in early 2010s would suggest that cyberfeminism has somewhat lost momentum as a movement; however, it's explosion in terms of artists and artworks, not only is cyberfeminism still taking place, but its artistic and theoretical contribution has been of crucial importance to the development of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminist_Internet_Theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminist Internet Theory (page does not exist)">Feminist Internet Theory</a><sup id="cite_ref-Writing_the_Feminist_Internet_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Writing_the_Feminist_Internet-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And the many handed shiva of <a href="/wiki/Posthuman" title="Posthuman">posthuman</a> aesthetics.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 2020s, the coinciding of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">Covid-19 epidemic</a> causing increased activity in online spaces and increased awareness of racial injustices such as <a href="/wiki/Police_violence_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Police violence during the George Floyd protests">police brutalities against black people</a> has led to more awareness of <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectionality</a> in online spaces, especially cyberfeminism movements. While studies have noted online spaces have had a increasingly more diverse userbase, these have come with increased backlash against women and non-white people. Many of these minorities, especially black women of color, have noted that their social identities have continued into a virtual space, and therefore still face the same prejudices online as they did offline.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-white_cyberfeminism">Non-white cyberfeminism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Non-white cyberfeminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the lens of non-white feminists, many have the criticized the centering of white, cisgendered female perspectives and the lack of acknowledgement of intersectionality in non-white perspectives. Because of this, many have distanced themselves from the label of cyberfeminism in favor of others such as <a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">afrofuturism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, this distancing from white-centered cyberfeminism also acknowledges many of the non-white cultures that the ideals of cyberfeminism were inspired by. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese cyberpunk</a> genre often utilizes themes such as the connection between gender and technology in anime such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a></i>. In this particular case, the distancing from cyberfeminism especially felt necessary due to the "obsession with rapid modernization and robotization of Japan at the current level of development of social and humanitarian knowledge [that was] criticized by many as techno-orientalism."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_cyberfeminism">Black cyberfeminism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Black cyberfeminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Black cyberfeminism consists of virtual feminisms, Black feminist thought, and intersectionality. It is a lens through which to think through intersecting identities, social influences, and unique experiences shape the lives and realities of Black women.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xenofeminism">Xenofeminism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Xenofeminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></div> <p><b>Xenofeminism</b>, or the movement that incorporates technology into the abolition of gender, is a concept that is intersectional to cyberfeminism. It is an offshoot of cyberfeminism established by the feminist collective Laboria Cuboniks.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its manifesto, <i>Xenofeminism: A Politics for Alienation</i>, the collective argues against nature as desirable and immutable in favor of a future where gender is dislodged from power and in which feminism destabilizes and uses the master's tools for its own rebuilding of life.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement has three main characteristics: it is techno-materialist, <a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">anti-naturalist</a>, and advocates for <a href="/wiki/Gender_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender abolitionism">gender abolition</a>. This means that the movement contradicts naturalist ideals that state that there are only two genders and aims toward the abolition of the "binary gender system". Xenofeminism differs from cyberfeminism because while it has similar ideals, it is inclusive to the queer and transgender communities.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manifesto states:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Xenofeminism is gender-abolitionist. 'Gender abolitionism' is shorthand for the ambition to construct a society where traits currently assembled under the rubric of gender, no longer furnish a grid for the asymmetric operation of power. 'Race abolitionism' expands into a similar formula – that the struggle must continue until currently racialized characteristics are no more a basis of discrimination than the color of one's eyes. Ultimately, every emancipatory abolitionism must incline towards the horizon of class abolitionism, since it is in capitalism where we encounter oppression in its transparent, denaturalized form: you're not exploited or oppressed because you are a wage labourer or poor; you are a labourer or poor because you are exploited.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critiques">Critiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Critiques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Postgenderism#Criticism_and_claims_of_transphobia" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism § Criticism and claims of transphobia</a></div> <p>Many young amateur critiques of cyberfeminism have focused on its lack of intersectional focus, its utopian vision of cyberspace, but instead of encouraging cyberstalking and cyber-abuse,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which often seems to portray a gamergate style whiteness and elite community building this is very far from the actual movement.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the major critiques of cyberfeminism, especially as it was in its heyday in the 1990s, was that it required economic privilege to get online: "By all means let [poor women] have access to the Internet, just as all of us have it—like chocolate cake or AIDS," writes activist Annapurna Mamidipudi. "Just let it not be pushed down their throats as 'empowering.' Otherwise this too will go the way of all imposed technology and achieve the exact opposite of what it purports to do."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such economic privilege often exists in <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialist</a> states, and is built upon technologies that profit from the colonization of native land. In such cases, "we must take a particular stance grounded in de/anticolonial relations when examining technology against the backdrop of discrete though globally linked colonialisms."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_artists">Art and artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Art and artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of cyberfeminist art is inextricably intertwined with cyberfeminist theory. The 100 anti-theses make clear that cyberfeminism is not just about theory, while theory is extremely important, cyberfeminism requires participation. As one member of the cyberfeminist collective the Old Boys Network<sup id="cite_ref-OBN_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBN-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writes, cyberfeminism is "linked to aesthetic and ironic strategies as intrinsic tools within the growing importance of design and <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> in the new world order of flowing pancapitalism".<sup id="cite_ref-Sollfrank_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sollfrank-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyberfeminism also has strong connections with the DIY feminism movement, as noted in the seminal text <i>DIY Feminism</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a grass roots movement that encourages active participation, especially as a solo practitioner or a small collective. </p><p>Around the late 1990s several cyberfeminist artists and theorists gained a measure of recognition for their works, including <a href="/wiki/Linda_Dement" title="Linda Dement">Linda Dement</a> and the above-mentioned <a href="/wiki/VNS_Matrix" title="VNS Matrix">VNS Matrix</a> their Cyberfeminist Manifesto for the 21st century,<sup id="cite_ref-Pierce_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierce-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Faith_Wilding" title="Faith Wilding">Faith Wilding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Critical_Art_Ensemble" title="Critical Art Ensemble">Critical Art Ensemble</a>. Some of the better-known examples of cyberfeminist work include <a href="/wiki/Auriea_Harvey_%26_Micha%C3%ABl_Samyn" title="Auriea Harvey & Michaël Samyn">Auriea Harvey</a>'s work, <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Paterson_(artist)" title="Nancy Paterson (artist)">Nancy Paterson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MerckSandford2010_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MerckSandford2010-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Linda_Dement" title="Linda Dement">Linda Dement</a>'s <i>Cyberflesh Girlmonster</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a hypertext CD-ROM that incorporates images of women's body parts and remixes them to create new monstrous yet beautiful shapes; <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Rackham" title="Melinda Rackham">Melinda Rackham</a>'s <i>Carrier,</i> a work of web-based multimedia art that explores the relationship between humans and infectious agents;<sup id="cite_ref-barnett_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barnett-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prema_Murthy" title="Prema Murthy">Prema Murthy</a>'s 1998 work Bindigirl,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a satirical Asian porn website that examines the intersection of racialized gender, sexuality, and religion online; Murthy's 2000 project <i>Mythic Hybrid</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on reports of mass hysteria among microchip factory workers in India; <a href="/wiki/Shu_Lea_Cheang" title="Shu Lea Cheang">Shu Lea Cheang</a>'s 1998 work <i>Brandon,</i> which was the first Internet based artwork to be commissioned and collected by the Guggenheim.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later work of Cheang's, <i><a href="/wiki/I.K.U." title="I.K.U.">I.K.U.</a></i> (2001), is a sci-fi pornographic film that imagines a cybersexual post-<i>Blade Runner</i> universe, where sexual encounters with feminine, shapeshifting <a href="/wiki/Replicant" title="Replicant">"replicants"</a> are distilled and collected for resale, and ultimately reuse. <i>I.K.U.</i> was the first pornographic film to screen at <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival" title="Sundance Film Festival">Sundance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Caitlin Fisher's online hypertext novella <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/caitlin/waves/navigate.html">"These Waves of Girls"</a> is set in three time periods of the protagonist exploring <a href="/wiki/Polymorphous_perversity" title="Polymorphous perversity">polymorphous perversity</a> enacted in her queer identity through memory. The story is written as a reflection diary of the interconnected memories of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. It consists of an associated multi-modal collection of nodes includes linked text, still and moving images, manipulable images, animations, and sound clips. Recent artworks of note include <a href="/wiki/Evelin_Stermitz" title="Evelin Stermitz">Evelin Stermitz</a>'s <i>World of Female Avatars</i> in which the artist has collected quotes and images from women over the world and displayed them in an interactive browser based format, and Regina Pinto's <i>Many Faces of Eve</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orphan Drift (1994-2003) were a 4.5 person collective experimenting with writing, art, music and the internet's potential "treating information as matter and the image as a unit of contagion."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Listserves">Listserves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Listserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important part of the generation of cyberfeminist theory and critique was the emergence of a few critical listserves that served as the basis for the organization of three international cyberfeminist events and several major publications.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nettime" title="Nettime">Nettime</a> – More broadly situated in new media theory, the nettime listserve became a site for the discussion, performance, and arbitration of cyberfeminist theory in 1997.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>FACES – The FACES-l.net mailing list started in the spring of 1997 partly out of a series of concurrent dinner conversations known as the Face Settings Project. The initial goal of the project was to bring together women working at the intersections of art and media to share their work and to counter the lack of women's work presented at international festivals. Faces-l was created as a means for the artists, curators, DJs, designers, activists, programmers, and technologists to meet at festivals to share their work and discuss gender and media with an international community of women.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_theorists">Notable theorists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable theorists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulamith_Firestone" title="Shulamith Firestone">Shulamith Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhika_Gajjala" title="Radhika Gajjala">Radhika Gajjala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Katherine_Hayles" title="N. Katherine Hayles">N. Katherine Hayles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Paasonen" title="Susanna Paasonen">Susanna Paasonen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Sadie Plant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborg feminism">Cyborg feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Dement" title="Linda Dement">Linda Dement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">Feminist technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FemTechNet" title="FemTechNet">FemTechNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Net art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Paterson_(artist)" title="Nancy Paterson (artist)">Nancy Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networked_feminism" title="Networked feminism">Networked feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumanism" title="Posthumanism">Post-humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">riot grrrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_realism" title="Speculative realism">Speculative realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cyborg_Manifesto" title="A Cyborg Manifesto">The Cyborg Manifesto</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TechnoFeminism" class="mw-redirect" title="TechnoFeminism">TechnoFeminism</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harlow_2013_430–433-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harlow_2013_430–433_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harlow_2013_430–433_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlow2013" class="citation cs2">Harlow, Megan Jean (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-multimedia-encyclopedia-of-women-in-todays-world-2013/n94.xml">"Cyberfeminism"</a>, <i>The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World</i> (2 ed.), SAGE Publications, pp. 430–433, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781452270388.n94">10.4135/9781452270388.n94</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452270388" title="Special:BookSources/9781452270388"><bdi>9781452270388</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806211043/http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/the-multimedia-encyclopedia-of-women-in-todays-world-2013/n94.xml">archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cyberfeminism&rft.btitle=The+Multimedia+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+Today%27s+World&rft.pages=430-433&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781452270388.n94&rft.isbn=9781452270388&rft.aulast=Harlow&rft.aufirst=Megan+Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-multimedia-encyclopedia-of-women-in-todays-world-2013%2Fn94.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDement2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dement, Linda (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artlink.com.au/articles/4647/cyberfeminist-bedsheet/">"Cyberfeminist bedsheet"</a>. <i>Artlink</i>. <b>37</b> (4). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925003745/https://www.artlink.com.au/articles/4647/cyberfeminist-bedsheet/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artlink&rft.atitle=Cyberfeminist+bedsheet&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Dement&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artlink.com.au%2Farticles%2F4647%2Fcyberfeminist-bedsheet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnsmatrix.net/projects/the-cyberfeminist-manifesto-for-the-21st-century">"A Cyberfeminist Manifesto for the 21st Century ⁄ VNS Matrix"</a>. <i>VNS Matrix</i>. 2018-01-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425073725/https://vnsmatrix.net/projects/the-cyberfeminist-manifesto-for-the-21st-century">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VNS+Matrix&rft.atitle=A+Cyberfeminist+Manifesto+for+the+21st+Century+%E2%81%84+VNS+Matrix&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnsmatrix.net%2Fprojects%2Fthe-cyberfeminist-manifesto-for-the-21st-century&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouey2003" class="citation book cs1">Couey, Anna (2003). "Restructuring Power: Telecommunications Works Produced by Women". In Malloy, Judy (ed.). <i>Women, art, and technology</i>. Leonardo. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-13424-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-13424-8"><bdi>978-0-262-13424-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Restructuring+Power%3A+Telecommunications+Works+Produced+by+Women&rft.btitle=Women%2C+art%2C+and+technology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.series=Leonardo&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-262-13424-8&rft.aulast=Couey&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaasonen2005" class="citation book cs1">Paasonen, Susanna (2005). <i>Figures of fantasy: internet, women & cyberdiscourse</i>. Digital formations. New York: Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7607-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7607-0"><bdi>978-0-8204-7607-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Figures+of+fantasy%3A+internet%2C+women+%26+cyberdiscourse&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Digital+formations&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-7607-0&rft.aulast=Paasonen&rft.aufirst=Susanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlant1995" class="citation book cs1">Plant, Sadie (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sadieplant.com/publications"><i>Zeros and Ones, Digital Women and the New Technoculture</i></a>. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0385482604" title="Special:BookSources/0385482604"><bdi>0385482604</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508012636/https://www.sadieplant.com/publications">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zeros+and+Ones%2C+Digital+Women+and+the+New+Technoculture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0385482604&rft.aulast=Plant&rft.aufirst=Sadie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sadieplant.com%2Fpublications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119184049/http://obn.org/inhalt_index.html">"old boys network"</a>. <i>obn.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obn.org/inhalt_index.html">the original</a> on 2018-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=obn.org&rft.atitle=old+boys+network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobn.org%2Finhalt_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sollfrank-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sollfrank_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sollfrank_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSollfrank" class="citation web cs1">Sollfrank, Cornelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425141930/http://www.obn.org/reading_room/writings/html/truth.html">"The truth about cyberfeminism"</a>. <i>obn.org</i>. The Old Boys Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/reading_room/writings/html/truth.html">the original</a> on 2014-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=obn.org&rft.atitle=The+truth+about+cyberfeminism&rft.aulast=Sollfrank&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obn.org%2Freading_room%2Fwritings%2Fhtml%2Ftruth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span>, also available as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSollfrank" class="citation web cs1">Sollfrank, Cornelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007124621/http://www.constantvzw.com/e12/nl/corsolnl.html">"The truth about cyberfeminism"</a>. <i>constantvzw.com</i>. Constant Association for Media and Art. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constantvzw.com/e12/nl/corsolnl.html">the original</a> on 2007-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constantvzw.com&rft.atitle=The+truth+about+cyberfeminism&rft.aulast=Sollfrank&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constantvzw.com%2Fe12%2Fnl%2Fcorsolnl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSollfrank2002" class="citation cs2">Sollfrank, Cornelia (2002), "The final truth about cyberfeminism", in von Oldenburg, Helene; Reiche, Claudia (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901130723/https://www.obn.org/obn_pro/downloads/reader3.pdf"><i>Very cyberfeminist international reader: OBN Conference, Hamburg, December 13–16, 2001</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Berlin: B-books, pp. 108–112, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783933557346" title="Special:BookSources/9783933557346"><bdi>9783933557346</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/obn_pro/downloads/reader3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+final+truth+about+cyberfeminism&rft.btitle=Very+cyberfeminist+international+reader%3A+OBN+Conference%2C+Hamburg%2C+December+13%E2%80%9316%2C+2001&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=108-112&rft.pub=B-books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9783933557346&rft.aulast=Sollfrank&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obn.org%2Fobn_pro%2Fdownloads%2Freader3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiche2002" class="citation cs2">Reiche, Claudia (2002), "Disagreement with Cornelia Sollfrank's 'The final truth about cyberfeminism'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>", in von Oldenburg, Helene; Reiche, Claudia (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901130723/https://www.obn.org/obn_pro/downloads/reader3.pdf"><i>Very cyberfeminist international reader: OBN Conference, Hamburg, December 13-16, 2001</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Berlin: B-books, pp. 114–117, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783933557346" title="Special:BookSources/9783933557346"><bdi>9783933557346</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/obn_pro/downloads/reader3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Disagreement+with+Cornelia+Sollfrank%27s+%27The+final+truth+about+cyberfeminism%27&rft.btitle=Very+cyberfeminist+international+reader%3A+OBN+Conference%2C+Hamburg%2C+December+13-16%2C+2001&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=114-117&rft.pub=B-books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9783933557346&rft.aulast=Reiche&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obn.org%2Fobn_pro%2Fdownloads%2Freader3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConsalvo2003" class="citation cs2">Consalvo, Mia (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/newmedia/n57.xml">"Cyberfeminism"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne2003unse/page/108"><i>Encyclopedia of New Media</i></a>, SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne2003unse/page/108">108–109</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412950657.n57">10.4135/9781412950657.n57</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761923824" title="Special:BookSources/9780761923824"><bdi>9780761923824</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-31</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cyberfeminism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Media&rft.pages=108-109&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412950657.n57&rft.isbn=9780761923824&rft.aulast=Consalvo&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fnewmedia%2Fn57.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenville2001" class="citation book cs1">Grenville, Bruce (2001). <i>The Uncanny: Experiments in Cyborg Culture</i>. Vancouver: arsenal pulp press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781551521169" title="Special:BookSources/9781551521169"><bdi>9781551521169</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Uncanny%3A+Experiments+in+Cyborg+Culture&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=arsenal+pulp+press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781551521169&rft.aulast=Grenville&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlainSellers2007" class="citation book cs1">Plain, Gill; Sellers, Susan (2007). <i>A History of Feminist Literary Criticism</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 327. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521852555" title="Special:BookSources/9780521852555"><bdi>9780521852555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Feminist+Literary+Criticism&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=327&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780521852555&rft.aulast=Plain&rft.aufirst=Gill&rft.au=Sellers%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKember2003" class="citation book cs1">Kember, Sarah (2003). <i>Cyberfeminism and Artificial Life</i>. London: Routledge. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415240260" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415240260"><bdi>978-0415240260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyberfeminism+and+Artificial+Life&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0415240260&rft.aulast=Kember&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lindadement.com/cyberfeminist-bedsheet.htm">"Linda Dement - Cyberfeminist Bedsheet"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404144702/https://lindadement.com/cyberfeminist-bedsheet.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linda+Dement+-+Cyberfeminist+Bedsheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flindadement.com%2Fcyberfeminist-bedsheet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawthorn-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hawthorn_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorneKlein1999" class="citation cs2">Hawthorne, Susan; Klein, Renate D. (1999), "Introduction", in Hawthorne, Susan; Klein, Renate D. (eds.), <i>Cyberfeminism: connectivity, critique and creativity</i>, North Melbourne: Spinifex Press, p. 4, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781875559688" title="Special:BookSources/9781875559688"><bdi>9781875559688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Cyberfeminism%3A+connectivity%2C+critique+and+creativity&rft.place=North+Melbourne&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Spinifex+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781875559688&rft.aulast=Hawthorne&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Klein%2C+Renate+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NT5F5DabEc0C&pg=PA4">Preview.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSollfrank1998" class="citation book cs1">Sollfrank, Cornelia (1998). <i>First Cyberfeminist International</i>. obn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Cyberfeminist+International&rft.pub=obn&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Sollfrank&rft.aufirst=Cornelia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosser-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosser_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosser2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rosser, Sue V. (2005). "Through the lenses of feminist theory: focus on women and information technology". <i><a href="/wiki/Frontiers:_A_Journal_of_Women_Studies" title="Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies">Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies</a></i>. <b>26</b> (1): 1–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ffro.2005.0015">10.1353/fro.2005.0015</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4137430">4137430</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144999759">144999759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers%3A+A+Journal+of+Women+Studies&rft.atitle=Through+the+lenses+of+feminist+theory%3A+focus+on+women+and+information+technology&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144999759%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4137430%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ffro.2005.0015&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=Sue+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><i>Also as:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosser2006" class="citation cs2">Rosser, Sue V. (2006), "Using the lenses of feminist theories to focus on women and technology", in Rosser, Sue V.; Fox, Mary Frank; Johnson, Deborah G. (eds.), <i>Women, gender, and technology</i>, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 13–46, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252073366" title="Special:BookSources/9780252073366"><bdi>9780252073366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Using+the+lenses+of+feminist+theories+to+focus+on+women+and+technology&rft.btitle=Women%2C+gender%2C+and+technology&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pages=13-46&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780252073366&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=Sue+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2006-13008-001/">Details.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112201949/http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2006-13008-001/">Archived</a> 2016-01-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doL9mRMEUGw"><i>Seduced & Abandoned: The Body in the Virtual World - The Feminine Cyberspace</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015122500/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doL9mRMEUGw">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seduced+%26+Abandoned%3A+The+Body+in+the+Virtual+World+-+The+Feminine+Cyberspace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdoL9mRMEUGw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilford2015" class="citation book cs1">Milford, Trevor Scott (2015). "Revisiting Cyberfeminism". <i>eGirls, eCitizens: Putting Technology, Theory and Policy into Dialogue with Girls' and Young Women's Voices</i>. University of Ottawa Press. pp. 55–82. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15nmj7f.6">j.ctt15nmj7f.6</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revisiting+Cyberfeminism&rft.btitle=eGirls%2C+eCitizens%3A+Putting+Technology%2C+Theory+and+Policy+into+Dialogue+with+Girls%27+and+Young+Women%27s+Voices&rft.pages=55-82&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt15nmj7f.6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Milford&rft.aufirst=Trevor+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlant,_Sadie2006" class="citation book cs1">Plant, Sadie (2006). <i>The most radical gesture: the Situationist International in a postmodern age</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415062213" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415062213"><bdi>978-0415062213</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/814233726">814233726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+most+radical+gesture%3A+the+Situationist+International+in+a+postmodern+age&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F814233726&rft.isbn=978-0415062213&rft.au=Plant%2C+Sadie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh_University_Press-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_University_Press_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_University_Press_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolmark,_Jenny1999" class="citation book cs1">Wolmark, Jenny, ed. (1999). <i>Cybersexualities: a reader on feminist theory, cyborgs, and cyberspace</i>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0748611171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0748611171"><bdi>978-0748611171</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42579667">42579667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cybersexualities%3A+a+reader+on+feminist+theory%2C+cyborgs%2C+and+cyberspace&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42579667&rft.isbn=978-0748611171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalbert2007" class="citation journal cs1">Halbert, Debora (2007-02-17). "Shulamith Firestone". <i>Information, Communication & Society</i>. <b>7</b>: 115–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369118042000208933">10.1080/1369118042000208933</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147255598">147255598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information%2C+Communication+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Shulamith+Firestone&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=115-135&rft.date=2007-02-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369118042000208933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147255598%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Halbert&rft.aufirst=Debora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorneKlein1999" class="citation book cs1">Hawthorne, Susan; Klein, Renate (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NT5F5DabEc0C&q=shulamith+firestone+cyberfeminism&pg=PA4"><i>Cyberfeminism: Connectivity, Critique and Creativity</i></a>. Spinifex Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-875559-68-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-875559-68-8"><bdi>978-1-875559-68-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyberfeminism%3A+Connectivity%2C+Critique+and+Creativity&rft.pub=Spinifex+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-875559-68-8&rft.aulast=Hawthorne&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Klein%2C+Renate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNT5F5DabEc0C%26q%3Dshulamith%2Bfirestone%2Bcyberfeminism%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalbert2004" class="citation journal cs1">Halbert, Debora (2004-01-01). "Shulamith Firestone". <i>Information, Communication & Society</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 115–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1369118042000208933">10.1080/1369118042000208933</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1369-118X">1369-118X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147255598">147255598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information%2C+Communication+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Shulamith+Firestone&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-135&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147255598%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1369-118X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1369118042000208933&rft.aulast=Halbert&rft.aufirst=Debora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transmediale.de/content/revisiting-the-future">"Revisiting the Future | transmediale"</a>. <i>transmediale.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314110033/https://transmediale.de/content/revisiting-the-future">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=transmediale.de&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+Future+%7C+transmediale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransmediale.de%2Fcontent%2Frevisiting-the-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rwap20/9/1?nav=tocList">"[untitled table of contents]"</a>. <i>Women & Performance</i>. <b>9</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Performance&rft.atitle=%5Buntitled+table+of+contents%5D&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Ftoc%2Frwap20%2F9%2F1%3Fnav%3DtocList&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhizome.org/editorial/2012/may/10/shu-lea-cheang-on-brandon/">Shu Lea Cheang on Brandon - Rhizome.org interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604234707/http://rhizome.org/editorial/2012/may/10/shu-lea-cheang-on-brandon/">Archived</a> 2019-06-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"; "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhizome.org/community/41433/">Bindigirl - Rhizome.org Interview with Prema Murthy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604234706/http://rhizome.org/community/41433/">Archived</a> 2019-06-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"; Dennis, Kelly, "Gendered Ghosts in the Globalized Machine: Coco Fusco and Prema Murthy," <i>n.paradoxa</i> vol. 23 (2009), pp. 79-86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan,_Robin2003" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Robin (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sisterhoodisfore00morg"><i>Sisterhood is forever: the women's anthology for a new millennium</i></a></span>. Washington Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0743466271" title="Special:BookSources/978-0743466271"><bdi>978-0743466271</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51854519">51854519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sisterhood+is+forever%3A+the+women%27s+anthology+for+a+new+millennium&rft.pub=Washington+Square+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51854519&rft.isbn=978-0743466271&rft.au=Morgan%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsisterhoodisfore00morg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGajjala,_RadhikaOh,_Yeon_Ju2012" class="citation book cs1">Gajjala, Radhika; Oh, Yeon Ju, eds. (2012). <i>Cyberfeminism 2.0</i>. New York: Peter Lang Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433113598" title="Special:BookSources/9781433113598"><bdi>9781433113598</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/752472588">752472588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyberfeminism+2.0&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Pub&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F752472588&rft.isbn=9781433113598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2009" class="citation journal cs1">Daniels, Jessie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwsq.0.0158">"Rethinking Cyberfeminism(s): Race, Gender, and Embodiment"</a>. <i>Women's Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>37</b> (1/2): 101–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwsq.0.0158">10.1353/wsq.0.0158</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27655141">27655141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Cyberfeminism%28s%29%3A+Race%2C+Gender%2C+and+Embodiment&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=101-124&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fwsq.0.0158&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27655141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1353%252Fwsq.0.0158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottom2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tressie_McMillan_Cottom" title="Tressie McMillan Cottom">Cottom, Tressie McMillan</a> (2016-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osf.io/vnvh9">"Black Cyberfeminism: Ways Forward for Classification Situations, Intersectionality and Digital Sociology"</a>. <i>SocArXiv</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31235%2Fosf.io%2Fvnvh9">10.31235/osf.io/vnvh9</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SocArXiv&rft.atitle=Black+Cyberfeminism%3A+Ways+Forward+for+Classification+Situations%2C+Intersectionality+and+Digital+Sociology&rft.date=2016-12-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31235%2Fosf.io%2Fvnvh9&rft.aulast=Cottom&rft.aufirst=Tressie+McMillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosf.io%2Fvnvh9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2013" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Susana M. (2013). "Black Girls Are from the Future: Afrofuturist Feminism in Octavia E. Butler's Fledgling". <i>WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 146–166. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwsq.2013.0034">10.1353/wsq.2013.0034</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1934-1520">1934-1520</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85289747">85289747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSQ%3A+Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Black+Girls+Are+from+the+Future%3A+Afrofuturist+Feminism+in+Octavia+E.+Butler%27s+Fledgling&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=146-166&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85289747%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1934-1520&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fwsq.2013.0034&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Susana+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Writing_the_Feminist_Internet-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Writing_the_Feminist_Internet_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauro-Flude2021" class="citation journal cs1">Mauro-Flude, Nancy (2021). "Writing the Feminist Internet: a Chthonian Feminist Internet Theory for the twenty first century". <i>Continuum</i>. <b>35</b> (5): 788–804. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10304312.2021.1983260">10.1080/10304312.2021.1983260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continuum&rft.atitle=Writing+the+Feminist+Internet%3A+a+Chthonian+Feminist+Internet+Theory+for+the+twenty+first+century&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=788-804&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10304312.2021.1983260&rft.aulast=Mauro-Flude&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlszanowski2014" class="citation journal cs1">Olszanowski, Magdalena (2014-04-03). "Feminist Self-Imaging and Instagram: Tactics of Circumventing Sensorship". <i>Visual Communication Quarterly</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 83–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15551393.2014.928154">10.1080/15551393.2014.928154</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-1393">1555-1393</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145667227">145667227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Communication+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Feminist+Self-Imaging+and+Instagram%3A+Tactics+of+Circumventing+Sensorship&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=83-95&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145667227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1555-1393&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15551393.2014.928154&rft.aulast=Olszanowski&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Medina, Carlos, V. <i>Experiences of Queer Black and Latinx Masculine Identifying Individuals in Online Gaming Spaces: A Narrative Inquiry</i>, The Pennsylvania State University, United States -- Pennsylvania, 2021. ProQuest, http://proxy.libraries.smu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/experiences-queer-black-latinx-masculine/docview/2577122128/se-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier2023" class="citation journal cs1">Monier, Mel (2023-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ccc/article/16/3/119/7236850">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Rest as resistance:" Black cyberfeminism, collective healing and liberation on @TheNapMinistry"</a>. <i>Communication, Culture & Critique</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 119–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fccc%2Ftcad022">10.1093/ccc/tcad022</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1753-9129">1753-9129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communication%2C+Culture+%26+Critique&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9CRest+as+resistance%3A%E2%80%9D+Black+cyberfeminism%2C+collective+healing+and+liberation+on+%40TheNapMinistry&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=119-125&rft.date=2023-08-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fccc%2Ftcad022&rft.issn=1753-9129&rft.aulast=Monier&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fccc%2Farticle%2F16%2F3%2F119%2F7236850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfanasov2022" class="citation journal cs1">Afanasov, Nikolai B. (2022-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://galacticamedia.com/index.php/gmd/article/view/248">"Cyberfeminism as Science Fiction. Drawn in Japan"</a>. <i>Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 71–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.46539%2Fgmd.v4i1.248">10.46539/gmd.v4i1.248</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2658-7734">2658-7734</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Galactica+Media%3A+Journal+of+Media+Studies&rft.atitle=Cyberfeminism+as+Science+Fiction.+Drawn+in+Japan&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=71-95&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.46539%2Fgmd.v4i1.248&rft.issn=2658-7734&rft.aulast=Afanasov&rft.aufirst=Nikolai+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgalacticamedia.com%2Findex.php%2Fgmd%2Farticle%2Fview%2F248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardGray2018" class="citation journal cs1">Richard, Gabriela T.; Gray, Kishonna L. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/fronjwomestud.39.1.0112">"Gendered Play, Racialized Reality: Black Cyberfeminism, Inclusive Communities of Practice, and the Intersections of Learning, Socialization, and Resilience in Online Gaming"</a>. <i>Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (1): 112–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5250%2Ffronjwomestud.39.1.0112">10.5250/fronjwomestud.39.1.0112</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0160-9009">0160-9009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers%3A+A+Journal+of+Women+Studies&rft.atitle=Gendered+Play%2C+Racialized+Reality%3A+Black+Cyberfeminism%2C+Inclusive+Communities+of+Practice%2C+and+the+Intersections+of+Learning%2C+Socialization%2C+and+Resilience+in+Online+Gaming&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=112-148&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5250%2Ffronjwomestud.39.1.0112&rft.issn=0160-9009&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Gabriela+T.&rft.au=Gray%2C+Kishonna+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5250%2Ffronjwomestud.39.1.0112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHester,_Helen2018" class="citation book cs1">Hester, Helen (2018-05-29). <i>Xenofeminism</i>. Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781509520626" title="Special:BookSources/9781509520626"><bdi>9781509520626</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/992779765">992779765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xenofeminism&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.date=2018-05-29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F992779765&rft.isbn=9781509520626&rft.au=Hester%2C+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuboniks" class="citation web cs1">Cuboniks, Laboria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laboriacuboniks.net/manifesto/xenofeminism-a-politics-for-alienation/">"Xenofeminism: A Politics for Alienation"</a>. <i>Laboria Cuboniks</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624010142/https://laboriacuboniks.net/manifesto/xenofeminism-a-politics-for-alienation/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laboria+Cuboniks&rft.atitle=Xenofeminism%3A+A+Politics+for+Alienation&rft.aulast=Cuboniks&rft.aufirst=Laboria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaboriacuboniks.net%2Fmanifesto%2Fxenofeminism-a-politics-for-alienation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKay2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kay, Jilly Boyce (2019-02-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2019.1579983">"Xenofeminism"</a>. <i>Feminist Media Studies</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 306–308. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14680777.2019.1579983">10.1080/14680777.2019.1579983</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-0777">1468-0777</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216643183">216643183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Media+Studies&rft.atitle=Xenofeminism&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=306-308&rft.date=2019-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216643183%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1468-0777&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14680777.2019.1579983&rft.aulast=Kay&rft.aufirst=Jilly+Boyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F14680777.2019.1579983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1996" class="citation journal cs1">Gilbert, Pamela (January 1996). "On sex, cyberspace, and being stalked". <i>Women & Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 125–149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07407709608571254">10.1080/07407709608571254</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0740-770X">0740-770X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Performance%3A+A+Journal+of+Feminist+Theory&rft.atitle=On+sex%2C+cyberspace%2C+and+being+stalked&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=125-149&rft.date=1996-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07407709608571254&rft.issn=0740-770X&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakamuraLovink2005" class="citation journal cs1">Nakamura, Lisa; Lovink, Geert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fro.2005.0014">"Talking Race and Cyberspace: An Interview with Lisa Nakamura"</a>. <i>Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 60–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ffro.2005.0014">10.1353/fro.2005.0014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1536-0334">1536-0334</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144852309">144852309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers%3A+A+Journal+of+Women+Studies&rft.atitle=Talking+Race+and+Cyberspace%3A+An+Interview+with+Lisa+Nakamura&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=60-65&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144852309%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1536-0334&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ffro.2005.0014&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Lovink%2C+Geert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1353%2Ffro.2005.0014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenft2003" class="citation cs2">Senft, Theresa M. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/newmedia/n105.xml">"Gender and New Media"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne2003unse/page/202"><i>Encyclopedia of New Media</i></a>, SAGE Publications, Inc., pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne2003unse/page/202">202–205</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412950657.n105">10.4135/9781412950657.n105</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761923824" title="Special:BookSources/9780761923824"><bdi>9780761923824</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gender+and+New+Media&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Media&rft.pages=202-205&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412950657.n105&rft.isbn=9780761923824&rft.aulast=Senft&rft.aufirst=Theresa+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fnewmedia%2Fn105.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flores, Wilfredo A. <i>Toward a Virulent Community Literacy: Constellating the Science, Technology, and Medicine of Queer Sexual Health</i>, Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan, 2022. <i>GenderWatch</i>, http://proxy.libraries.smu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/toward-virulent-community-literacy-constellating/docview/2666625063/se-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OBN-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OBN_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/">"Home page"</a>. <i>obn.org</i>. Old Boys Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220094727/http://www.obn.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=obn.org&rft.atitle=Home+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obn.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBail1996" class="citation book cs1">Bail, Kathy (1996). <i>DIY feminism</i>. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781864482317" title="Special:BookSources/9781864482317"><bdi>9781864482317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DIY+feminism&rft.place=St+Leonards%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781864482317&rft.aulast=Bail&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierce-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pierce_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierce1998" class="citation journal cs1">Pierce, Julianne (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208064706/http://www.obn.org/obn_pro/downloads/reader1.pdf">"info heavy cyber babe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>First Cyberfeminist International</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/obn_pro/downloads/reader1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Cyberfeminist+International&rft.atitle=info+heavy+cyber+babe&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=Julianne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obn.org%2Fobn_pro%2Fdownloads%2Freader1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MerckSandford2010-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MerckSandford2010_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._MerckS._Sandford2010" class="citation book cs1">M. Merck; S. Sandford (13 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hf1eAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT75"><i>Further Adventures of The Dialectic of Sex: Critical Essays on Shulamith Firestone</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 75–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10999-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10999-5"><bdi>978-0-230-10999-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Further+Adventures+of+The+Dialectic+of+Sex%3A+Critical+Essays+on+Shulamith+Firestone&rft.pages=75-&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.isbn=978-0-230-10999-5&rft.au=M.+Merck&rft.au=S.+Sandford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhf1eAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDement" class="citation web cs1">Dement, Linda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lindadement.com/cyberflesh-girlmonster.htm">"Cyberflesh Girlmonster 1995"</a>. <i>lindadement.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203025315/http://www.lindadement.com/cyberflesh-girlmonster.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lindadement.com&rft.atitle=Cyberflesh+Girlmonster+1995&rft.aulast=Dement&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lindadement.com%2Fcyberflesh-girlmonster.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barnett-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-barnett_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2014" class="citation journal cs1">Barnett, Tully (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adanewmedia.org/2014/07/issue5-barnett/">"Monstrous agents: cyberfeminist media and activism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ada:_A_Journal_of_Gender,_New_Media,_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology">Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology</a></i>. <b>5</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010204819/http://adanewmedia.org/2014/07/issue5-barnett/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ada%3A+A+Journal+of+Gender%2C+New+Media%2C+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Monstrous+agents%3A+cyberfeminist+media+and+activism&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2014-07&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Tully&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadanewmedia.org%2F2014%2F07%2Fissue5-barnett%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rhizome.org/art/artbase/artwork/bindigirl/"><i>Bindigirl</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604234704/https://rhizome.org/art/artbase/artwork/bindigirl/">Archived</a> 2019-06-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Archived at Rhizome Artbase).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/128691646">video</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408052541/https://vimeo.com/128691646">Archived</a> 2022-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> document of the project is hosted by Turbulence.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1998" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Caitlin (January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420091516/http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artwork/15337">"Review of <i>Brandon</i> 1998–99, by Shu Lea Cheang"</a>. Guggenheim Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/collections/collection-online/artwork/15337">the original</a> on 20 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+Brandon+1998%E2%80%9399%2C+by+Shu+Lea+Cheang&rft.pub=Guggenheim+Museum&rft.date=1998-01&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guggenheim.org%2Fnew-york%2Fcollections%2Fcollection-online%2Fartwork%2F15337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhizome.org/editorial/2015/may/26/iku-experience-shu-lea-cheang-phenomenon/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bodies are packages made to be opened': Shu Lea Cheang's 'I.K.U.' (2000)"</a>. <i>Rhizome</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060424/http://rhizome.org/editorial/2015/may/26/iku-experience-shu-lea-cheang-phenomenon/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-11-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rhizome&rft.atitle=%27Bodies+are+packages+made+to+be+opened%27%3A+Shu+Lea+Cheang%27s+%27I.K.U.%27+%282000%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frhizome.org%2Feditorial%2F2015%2Fmay%2F26%2Fiku-experience-shu-lea-cheang-phenomenon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStermitz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Stermitz, Evelin (2008-10-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/251322">"World of Female Avatars: An Artistic Online Survey on the Female Body in Times of Virtual Reality"</a>. <i>Leonardo</i>. <b>41</b> (5): 538–539. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fleon.2008.41.5.538">10.1162/leon.2008.41.5.538</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1530-9282">1530-9282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57567515">57567515</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001631/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/251322">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leonardo&rft.atitle=World+of+Female+Avatars%3A+An+Artistic+Online+Survey+on+the+Female+Body+in+Times+of+Virtual+Reality&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=538-539&rft.date=2008-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57567515%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1530-9282&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fleon.2008.41.5.538&rft.aulast=Stermitz&rft.aufirst=Evelin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F251322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/Orphan_Drift">"Orphan Drift – Monoskop"</a>. <i>monoskop.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001552/https://monoskop.org/Orphan_Drift">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=monoskop.org&rft.atitle=Orphan+Drift+%E2%80%93+Monoskop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonoskop.org%2FOrphan_Drift&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928181600/http://faces-l.net/en/content/faces-storyhtml.html">"FACES story"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faces-l.net/en/content/faces-storyhtml.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FACES+story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaces-l.net%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Ffaces-storyhtml.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/reading_room/fs_read.html">"Reading room"</a>. <i>obn.org</i>. Old Boys' Network.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=obn.org&rft.atitle=Reading+room&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obn.org%2Freading_room%2Ffs_read.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090529081458/http://www.sysx.org/gashgirl/VNS/TEXT/PINKMANI.HTM">"Cyberfeminist Manifesto"</a>. <i>sysx.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/VNS_Matrix" title="VNS Matrix">VNS Matrix</a>. 1991. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sysx.org/gashgirl/VNS/TEXT/PINKMANI.HTM">the original</a> on 29 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sysx.org&rft.atitle=Cyberfeminist+Manifesto&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sysx.org%2Fgashgirl%2FVNS%2FTEXT%2FPINKMANI.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious_authors1998" class="citation journal cs1">Various authors (July 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktpress.co.uk/nparadoxa-volume-details.asp?volumeid=2">"VARIOUS ARTICLES"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/N.paradoxa" title="N.paradoxa">n.paradoxa</a></i>. <b>2</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=n.paradoxa&rft.atitle=VARIOUS+ARTICLES&rft.volume=2&rft.date=1998-07&rft.au=Various+authors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktpress.co.uk%2Fnparadoxa-volume-details.asp%3Fvolumeid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverett2004" class="citation journal cs1">Everett, Anna (Autumn 2004). "On cyberfeminism and cyberwomanism: high-tech mediations of feminism's discontents". <i><a href="/wiki/Signs_(journal)" title="Signs (journal)">Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society</a></i>. <b>30</b> (1): 1278–1285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F422235">10.1086/422235</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144615884">144615884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs%3A+Journal+of+Women+in+Culture+and+Society&rft.atitle=On+cyberfeminism+and+cyberwomanism%3A+high-tech+mediations+of+feminism%27s+discontents&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1278-1285&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F422235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144615884%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2009" class="citation journal cs1">Daniels, Jessie (Spring 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwsq.0.0158">"Rethinking cyberfeminism(s): race, gender, and embodiment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Studies_Quarterly" title="Women's Studies Quarterly">Women's Studies Quarterly</a></i>. <b>37</b> (1–2): 101–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fwsq.0.0158">10.1353/wsq.0.0158</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27655141">27655141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Rethinking+cyberfeminism%28s%29%3A+race%2C+gender%2C+and+embodiment&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=101-124&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fwsq.0.0158&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27655141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1353%252Fwsq.0.0158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydemir2021" class="citation book cs1">Aydemir, Duygu (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarmalkitabevi.com/urun/siberfeminizm/"><i>Siberfeminizm: Siborg Beden ve Siber Kimlikte Cinsiyetin Durumu</i></a> (1 ed.). Istanbul: Urzeni Publishing House. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-625-7647-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-625-7647-10-6"><bdi>978-625-7647-10-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siberfeminizm%3A+Siborg+Beden+ve+Siber+Kimlikte+Cinsiyetin+Durumu&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=298&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Urzeni+Publishing+House&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-625-7647-10-6&rft.aulast=Aydemir&rft.aufirst=Duygu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarmalkitabevi.com%2Furun%2Fsiberfeminizm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberfeminism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obn.org/cfundef/100antitheses.html">100 anti-theses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220094727/http://www.obn.org/">Archived</a> 2008-12-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314083016/http://ftx.apcwomen.org/feminist_practice_of_tech">Feminist Practices and Politics of Technology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320102318/http://www.vifu.de/students/gendering/dictionary/A_F.html">The Beginner's Cyberfeminist Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktpress.co.uk/pdf/vol2_npara_6_13_Wilding.pdf">Faith Wilding's essay 'Where is Feminism in Cyberfeminism?'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070624080858/http://www.eacc.es/e/index.htm">cyberfem – feminismos en el escenario electronico / espai d'art contemporani de Castello</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberfeminism.net">Website of SubRosa, Faith Wilding and Hyla Willis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408084439/http://www.uat.edu/academics/cyberfeminism.aspx">uat.edu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/24926">Girls' Online Agency: A Cyberfeminist Exploration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191337/http://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/24926">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uottawa.ca/">University of Ottawa Press</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberfeminismindex.com/">Cyberfeminist Index</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Seu" title="Mindy Seu">Mindy Seu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10304312.2021.1983260/">Writing the Feminist Internet: a Chthonian Feminist Internet Theory for the twenty first century</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Mauro-Flude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Mauro-Flude (page does not exist)">Nancy Mauro-Flude</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Feminist art movement in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Feminist art movement in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminist art movement in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">Feminist art movement in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Feminist art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_artists" title="Women artists">Women artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women" title="American Association of University Women">American Association of University Women</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Women_Artists" title="National Association of Women Artists">National Association of Women Artists</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_of_Applied_Design_for_Women" title="New York School of Applied Design for Women">New York School of Applied Design for Women</a> (1892)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues or organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A.I.R._Gallery" title="A.I.R. Gallery">A.I.R. Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_A._Sackler_Center_for_Feminist_Art" title="Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art">Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Art_Coalition" title="Feminist Art Coalition">Feminist Art Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_Gallery" title="Hera Gallery">Hera Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_Art_Project" title="Lesbian Art Project">Lesbian Art Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Women_in_the_Arts" title="National Museum of Women in the Arts">National Museum of Women in the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Feminist_Art_Institute" title="New York Feminist Art Institute">New York Feminist Art Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho20_Chelsea" title="Soho20 Chelsea">SOHO20 Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TART_Collective" title="TART Collective">tArt Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Women%27s_Art_Center" title="Washington Women's Art Center">Washington Women's Art Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Artists_in_Revolution" title="Women Artists in Revolution">Women Artists in Revolution</a> (WAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Art_Resources_of_Minnesota" title="Women's Art Resources of Minnesota">Women's Art Resources of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Building_(Los_Angeles)" title="Woman's Building (Los Angeles)">Woman's Building (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Women%27s_Building_(San_Francisco)" title="The Women's Building (San Francisco)">The Women's Building (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Interart_Center" title="Women's Interart Center">Women's Interart Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Studio_Workshop" title="Women's Studio Workshop">Women's Studio Workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exhibitions or installations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Womanhouse" title="Womanhouse">Womanhouse</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Weeks_in_May" title="Three Weeks in May">Three Weeks in May</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sister_Chapel" title="Sister Chapel">The Sister Chapel</a></i> (1974–1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dinner_Party" title="The Dinner Party">The Dinner Party</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WACK!_Art_and_the_Feminist_Revolution" title="WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution">WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films or documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/!Women_Art_Revolution" title="!Women Art Revolution">!Women Art Revolution</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Heresies:_A_Feminist_Publication_on_Art_and_Politics" title="Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics">Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics</a></i> (1977–1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Feminist_Art_Journal" title="The Feminist Art Journal">The Feminist Art Journal</a></i> (1972–1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women_Artists_News" title="Women Artists News">Women Artists News</a></i> {1975-1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why_Have_There_Been_No_Great_Women_Artists%3F" title="Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?">Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?</a>" (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SubRosa" title="SubRosa">subRosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Girls" title="Guerrilla Girls">Guerrilla Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Waitresses_(artists)" title="The Waitresses (artists)">The Waitresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Artists_in_Revolution" title="Women Artists in Revolution">Women Artists in Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Caucus_for_Art" title="Women's Caucus for Art">Women's Caucus for Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_We_At" title="Where We At">Where We At</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Bechdel" title="Alison Bechdel">Alison Bechdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Benglis" title="Lynda Benglis">Lynda Benglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Broude" title="Norma Broude">Norma Broude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_de_Kooning" title="Elaine de Kooning">Elaine de Kooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Edelson" title="Mary Beth Edelson">Mary Beth Edelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzi_Ferrer" title="Suzi Ferrer">Suzi Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Garrard" title="Mary Garrard">Mary Garrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Graves" title="Nancy Graves">Nancy Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Hesse" title="Eva Hesse">Eva Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Katzen" title="Lila Katzen">Lila Katzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Kaufman" title="Jane Kaufman">Jane Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Krasner" title="Lee Krasner">Lee Krasner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kruger" title="Barbara Kruger">Barbara Kruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson" title="Louise Nevelson">Louise Nevelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Richards" title="M. C. Richards">M. C. Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Rosenthal" title="Rachel Rosenthal">Rachel Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolee_Schneemann" title="Carolee Schneemann">Carolee Schneemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sherman" title="Cindy Sherman">Cindy Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_Thomas" title="Alma Thomas">Alma Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Wayne" title="June Wayne">June Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_artists" title="List of feminist artists">List of feminist artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_art_history_field" title="Women in the art history field">Women in the art history field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Feminist movements and ideologies</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&oldid=1259436181">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&oldid=1259436181</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism_and_the_arts" title="Category:Feminism and the arts">Feminism and the arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_culture" title="Category:Internet culture">Internet culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersectional_feminism" title="Category:Intersectional feminism">Intersectional feminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transhumanism" title="Category:Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Category:Feminist movements and ideologies">Feminist movements and ideologies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 04:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyberfeminism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-tt4v5","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.943","walltime":"1.067","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4764,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":225874,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26568,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":354739,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 896.993 1 -total"," 43.65% 391.572 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.89% 133.557 1 Template:Feminism_sidebar"," 13.09% 117.410 22 Template:Cite_journal"," 12.33% 110.640 2 Template:Cite_news"," 10.75% 96.405 17 Template:Cite_book"," 8.32% 74.601 14 Template:Cite_web"," 7.74% 69.390 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.55% 49.759 7 Template:Citation"," 4.84% 43.436 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.581","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7334881,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-b87644b56-gn8gp","timestamp":"20241128080104","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cyberfeminism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyberfeminism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3008160","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3008160","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-06T13:10:46Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T04:00:44Z","headline":"philosophy of a contemporary feminist community whose interests are cyberspace, the Internet, and technology"}</script> </body> </html>