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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prince-Abbots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Prince-Abbots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prince-Abbots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фульдскае абацтва – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фульдскае абацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abati_Fulda" title="Abati Fulda – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abati Fulda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abadia_de_Fulda" title="Abadia de Fulda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abadia de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Fulda" title="Klášter Fulda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klášter Fulda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_Fulda" title="Kloster Fulda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kloster Fulda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad%C3%ADa_principesca_de_Fulda" title="Abadía principesca de Fulda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abadía principesca de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abatejo_de_Fulda" title="Abatejo de Fulda – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abatejo de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_de_Fulda" title="Abbaye de Fulda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abbaye de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleaster_Fulda" title="Kleaster Fulda – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kleaster Fulda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principato_abbaziale_di_Fulda" title="Principato abbaziale di Fulda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principato abbaziale di Fulda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%94" title="מנזר פולדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנזר פולדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuldense_coenobium" title="Fuldense coenobium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fuldense coenobium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdij_van_Fulda" title="Abdij van Fulda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abdij van Fulda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opactwo_w_Fuldzie" title="Opactwo w Fuldzie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opactwo w Fuldzie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abadia_de_Fulda" title="Abadia de Fulda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abadia de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba%C8%9Bia_Fulda" title="Abația Fulda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abația Fulda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фульдское аббатство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фульдское аббатство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фульдське абатство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фульдське абатство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="富尔达修道院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="富尔达修道院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q661240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Benedictine abbey and ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Princely Abbey; Prince-Bishopric of Fulda</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Fürstabtei - Fürstbistum Fulda</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1221–1802</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Fulda Abbey"><img alt="Flag of Fulda Abbey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg/125px-Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg/188px-Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg/250px-Black_St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Fulda Abbey"><img alt="Coat of arms of Fulda Abbey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png/85px-Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png/128px-Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png/170px-Wappen_Bistum_Fulda.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_(1716-1724).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Territory of the Princely Abbey of Fulda in the early 18th century"><img alt="Territory of the Princely Abbey of Fulda in the early 18th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_%281716-1724%29.jpg/250px-F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_%281716-1724%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_%281716-1724%29.jpg/375px-F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_%281716-1724%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_%281716-1724%29.jpg/500px-F%C3%BCrstabtei_Fulda_territorium._JB_Homann_%281716-1724%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1268" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Territory of the Princely Abbey of Fulda in the early 18th century</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HRR_1648_Fulda.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Fulda and its territory in the Holy Roman Empire (1648)"><img alt="Location of Fulda and its territory in the Holy Roman Empire (1648)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/HRR_1648_Fulda.png/250px-HRR_1648_Fulda.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/HRR_1648_Fulda.png/375px-HRR_1648_Fulda.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/HRR_1648_Fulda.png/500px-HRR_1648_Fulda.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="613" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Fulda and its territory in the Holy Roman Empire (1648)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Princely Abbey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data">Fulda</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hessian_dialects" title="Hessian dialects">Hessian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Elective principality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Founded </div></th><td class="infobox-data">744</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">Imperial immediacy</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1221</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Joined<br /><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1500</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Elevated to<br /><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Prince-Bishopric</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1752</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/German_mediatization" class="mw-redirect" title="German mediatization">Mediatised</a> to<br /><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nassau-Orange-Fulda" title="Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda">Nassau-Orange</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1802</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frankenrechen.svg/20px-Frankenrechen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frankenrechen.svg/30px-Frankenrechen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Frankenrechen.svg/40px-Frankenrechen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Franconia" title="Rhenish Franconia">Rhenish Franconia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nassau-Orange-Fulda" title="Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda">Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wappen_Nassau-Fulda.svg/20px-Wappen_Nassau-Fulda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wappen_Nassau-Fulda.svg/30px-Wappen_Nassau-Fulda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wappen_Nassau-Fulda.svg/40px-Wappen_Nassau-Fulda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Abbey of Fulda</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kloster Fulda</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Abbatia Fuldensis</i>), from 1221 the <b>Princely Abbey of Fulda</b> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fürstabtei Fulda</i></span>) and from 1752 the <b>Prince-Bishopric of Fulda</b> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fürstbistum Fulda</i></span>), was a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine</a> abbey and <a href="/wiki/Hochstift" title="Hochstift">ecclesiastical principality</a> centered on <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a>, in the present-day German state of <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. </p><p>The monastery was founded in 744 by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sturm" title="Saint Sturm">Saint Sturm</a>, a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a>. After Boniface was buried at Fulda, it became a prominent center of learning and culture in Germany, and a site of religious significance and pilgrimage through the 8th and 9th centuries. The <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Fulda" class="mw-redirect" title="Annals of Fulda">Annals of Fulda</a></i>, one of the most important sources for the history of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> in the 9th century, were written there. In 1221 the abbey was granted an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial estate">imperial estate</a> to rule and the abbots were thereafter <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">princes of the Holy Roman Empire</a>. In 1356, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a> bestowed the title "Archchancellor of the Empress" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Erzkanzler der Kaiserin</i></span>) on the prince-abbot. The growth in population around Fulda would result in its elevation to a <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-bishopric">prince-bishopric</a> in the second half of the 18th century. </p><p>Although the abbey was dissolved in 1802 and its principality <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">was secularized</a> in 1803, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fulda" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda">diocese of Fulda</a> continues to exist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolingian_period">Carolingian period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Carolingian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Carolingian_monasteries" title="List of Carolingian monasteries">List of Carolingian monasteries</a></div> <p>In the mid-8th century, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sturm" title="Saint Sturm">Saint Sturm</a> to establish a larger church than any other founded by Boniface. In January 744, Saint Sturm selected an unpopulated plot along the Fulda River, and shortly after obtained rights to the land. The foundation of the monastery dates to March 12, 744. Sturm travelled to notable monasteries of Italy, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>, for inspiration in creating a monastery of such grand size and splendor. Boniface was proud of Fulda, and he would obtain autonomy for the monastery from the bishops of the area by appealing to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Pope Zachary</a> for placement directly under the Holy See in 751. Boniface would be entombed at Fulda following his martyrdom in 754 in Frisia, as per his request, creating a destination for pilgrimage in Germany and increasing its holy significance. Saint Sturm would be named the first abbot of the newly established monastery, and would lead Fulda through a period of rapid growth.<sup id="cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CatholicWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monks of Fulda practiced many specialized trades, and much production took place in the monastery. Production of manuscripts increased the size of the library of Fulda, while skilled craftsmen produced many goods that would make monastery a financially wealthy establishment. As Fulda grew, members of the monastery would move from the main building and establish villages in the outlying territories to connect with non-monastery members. They would establish themselves based on trade and agriculture, while still remaining connected to the monastery. Together, the monks of Fulda would create a substantial library, financially stable production, and an effective centre for education.<sup id="cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CatholicWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 774, <a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a> placed Fulda under his direct control to ensure its continued success. Fulda was becoming an important cultural center to the Carolingian Empire, and Carloman hoped to ensure the continued salvation of his population through the religious activity of Fulda.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery_school" title="Fulda monastery school">school at the Fulda monastery</a> would become a major focus of the monks under Sturm's successor, Abbot <a href="/wiki/Baugulf" title="Baugulf">Baugulf</a>, at the turn of the century. It contained an inner school for Christian studies, and an outer school for secular, including pupils who were not necessarily members of the monastery. During Boniface's lifetime he had sent the teachers of Fulda to apprentice under notable scholars in Franconia, Bavaria, and Thuringia, who would return with knowledge and texts of the sciences, literature, and theology. In 787 Charlemagne praised Fulda as a model school for others, leading by example in educating the public in secular and ecclesiastical matters.<sup id="cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CatholicWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the year 807, an epidemic claimed much of Fulda's population.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, the third abbot of Fulda, Ratgar, was carrying out construction on a new church started by <a href="/wiki/Baugulf" title="Baugulf">Baugulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the "Supplex Libellus", an account of Fulda's history written by the monks, Ratgar was overzealous, exiling monks opposed to the excessive attention being given to the new church, and punishing those attempting to flee the epidemic that was spreading amongst the population. This prompted a discussion in Fulda as to how the monastery was to be properly run, and the nature of the responsibilities of the monks.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until this point, a focus of the monks had been remembering and recording the lives of the deceased, specifically those who were members of the Fulda monastery, in what was known as the "Annales Necrologici".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would sing psalms for their dead to ensure their eternal salvation. Under Ratgar, the focus of the monastery had shifted to that of construction and arbitrary regulation; monks were being exiled for questionable reasons, or punished in seemingly unjust ways. Another matter of concern included who was permitted into the inner monastery; Ratgar was at the time hosting a criminal in the living quarters. The concept of private and public property was also in contention. With the land of Fulda expanding, the monks desired all property to be public rather than create a contention for private land, while Ratgar opposed this perspective. The "Supplex Libellus" also attempted to address the issue of the growing secular responsibilities of the monastery. As the school grew and the communities around Fulda expanded, the monastery was feeling the strain of balancing ecclesiastical obligations with its newfound secular prominence. The monks were successful in their grievances against Ratgar, and Louis the Pious sympathized with them. Agreeing that Ratgar's plans were too ambitions for Fulda, and his punishments too extensive, he exiled Ratgar from Fulda in 817, and Eigil became the fourth Abbot of Fulda.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda(bild).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda%28bild%29.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda%28bild%29.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda%28bild%29.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda%28bild%29.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda%28bild%29.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Siegel_Abt_Egbert_von_Fulda%28bild%29.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption>Seal of Abbot Egbert of Fulda (1047–1058)</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Abbot Eigil's leadership, construction of the new church continued at a more moderate pace. He sought to stylize the church after St. Peter's in Rome, adding a notable western transept in the same fashion. The transept was a new architectural style, and in mimicking it, Fulda demonstrated their support to the papacy through tribute. This unique architectural tie, as well as the growing intellectual importance of Fulda, would create strong ties with the Roman papacy. Coupled with the tomb of Saint Boniface, Fulda would attract much religious pilgrimage and worship, a site of great significance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 822, Rabanus Maurus became the fifth abbot of Fulda. He was previously educated at the monastery, and was very academically inclined, becoming both a teacher and head-master at the school before becoming abbot. Understanding the importance of education, the school became the main focus of Fulda under his leadership, and he would lead Fulda to the height of its importance and success.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established separate departments for the school, including those for sciences, theological studies, and the arts.<sup id="cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CatholicWorld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabanus made an effort to collect various additional holy relics and manuscripts of historical significance to Fulda and the surrounding the areas to fortify their prominence in the Frankish Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With each relic, the significance of Fulda grew, and more gifts and power were bestowed upon the abbey. Power was, however, not Rabanus's only intent; the increased holiness of the lands would also serve to bring his monks and pilgrims closer to God.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection accumulated under Rabanus would largely be lost during the looting of Fulda by the Hessians during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lins_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg/180px-Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg/270px-Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg/360px-Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Prince-Abbot <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Gustav_von_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach">Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach</a> (1671–1677)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_principality">Imperial principality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imperial principality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Succeeding abbots would carry the monastery down the same path, with Fulda retaining a place of prominence in the German territories. With the decline of the Carolingian rule, Fulda lost its security and would rely increasingly on patronage from independent sources.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abbot of Fulda would hold the position of primate over all Benedictine monasteries in Germany for several centuries. From 1221 and onwards, the abbots would also serve as Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, given this rank by Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, and resulted in increased secular as well as monastic obligations. The increased importance of Fulda resulted in much patronage and wealth; as a result, the wealthy and noble would eventually make up the majority of the abbey's population. The wealthy monks used their positions for their own means, going as far as to attempt to turn monastic lands into their own private property. This caused great unrest by the 14th century, and Count Johann con Ziegenhain would lead an insurrection, alongside other citizens of Fulda, against Prince-Abbot Heinrich VI, 55th abbot of the monastery. The combination of responsibilities to the empire and corruption of traditional monastic ideals, so highly valued by Boniface and the early abbots, placed great strain on the monastery and its school.<sup id="cite_ref-Lins_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the later Middle Ages, a dean of the monastic school would functionally replace the abbot concerning scholastic management, once more granting it relative independence concerning ecclesiastical functions of Fulda. However, the monastery and surrounding city would never regain its status as a great cultural center it once held during the early medieval years. The monastery was dissolved in 1802. The spiritual principality was secularized in 1803 after the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsdeputationshauptschluss" title="Reichsdeputationshauptschluss">Reichsdeputationshauptschluss</a></i>, but the episcopal see continued.<sup id="cite_ref-Lins_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg/220px-Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg/330px-Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg/440px-Kathedrale_Fulda-6385.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3815" data-file-height="3815" /></a><figcaption>Fulda Cathedral (the former abbey) today</figcaption></figure> <p>The secular territory of Fulda was joined the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Orange-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Orange-Nassau">Principality of Orange-Nassau</a> along with several other mediatized lands to form the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nassau-Orange-Fulda" title="Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda">Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda</a>. Prince <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_the_Netherlands" title="William I of the Netherlands">William Frederick</a> refused to join the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> and, following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire">dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire</a> in August 1806, fled to Berlin. Fulda was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French</a>. In 1810 it was given to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Frankfurt" title="Grand Duchy of Frankfurt">Grand Duchy of Frankfurt</a>, but was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a> from 1813 and by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> from 1815. the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> resurrected it as the Grand Duchy of Fulda and gave it to the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">Electorate of Hesse</a> in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library_and_scriptorium">Library and scriptorium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Library and scriptorium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The library held approximately 2000 manuscripts. It preserved works such as <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_(Tacitus)" title="Annals (Tacitus)">Annales</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a>' <i>Res gestae</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Fuldensis" title="Codex Fuldensis">Codex Fuldensis</a> which has the reputation of serving as the cradle of <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> literature. It was probably here that an Italian book-hunter in 1417 discovered the last surviving manuscript of Lucretius's <a href="/wiki/De_Rerum_Natura" class="mw-redirect" title="De Rerum Natura">De Rerum Natura</a>, which then became enormously influential in humanist circles. Its abundant records are conserved in the state archives at <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>. As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Fulda manuscripts have become widely dispersed; some have found their way to the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A notable work that the monks of Fulda produced was the "Annales necrologici", a list of all the deceased members of the abbey following the death of Saint Sturm in 744.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monks would offer prayer for the dead listed in the Annales to ensure their eternal salvation. While at first this record only contained the names of those at Fulda, as the power and prominence of Fulda grew, so too did the scope of who was to be included in the Annales. Patrons, citizens, and nobles of the area would all come to be recorded in this piece of Fulda and its concept of community. The documenting of dates of passing, beginning with Sturm, created a sense of continuity and a reference for the passage of time for the monks of Fulda.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_rulers">List of rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png/220px-Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png/330px-Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png/440px-Fulda-Bonifatiusstatue.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Saint Boniface (1830) at Fulda, Germany</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbots">Abbots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Abbots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sturm" title="Saint Sturm">Saint Sturm</a> 744-779</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baugulf" title="Baugulf">Baugulf</a> 779-802</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratgar" title="Ratgar">Ratgar</a> 802-817</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigil_of_Fulda" title="Eigil of Fulda">Eigil</a> 818-822</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a> 822-842</li> <li>Hatto I. 842-856</li> <li>Thioto 856-869</li> <li>Sigihart 869-891</li> <li>Huoggi 891-915</li> <li>Helmfried 915-916</li> <li>Haicho 917-923</li> <li>Hiltibert 923-927</li> <li>Hadamar 927-956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatto_II" title="Hatto II">Hatto II</a>. 956-968</li> <li>Werinheri 968-982</li> <li>Branthoh I. 982-991</li> <li>Hatto III. 991-997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkanbald" title="Erkanbald">Erkanbald</a> 997–1011</li> <li>Branthoh II. 1011–1013</li> <li>Poppo 1013–1018, also Abbot of <a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Lorsch</a> (Franconian <a href="/wiki/Babenberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Babenberger">Babenberger</a>)</li> <li>Richard 1018–1039</li> <li>Sigiwart 1039–1043</li> <li>Rohing 1043–1047</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbert_of_Fulda" title="Egbert of Fulda">Egbert</a> 1047–1058</li> <li>Siegfried von Eppenstein 1058–1060, also Archbishop of Mainz</li> <li>Widerad von Eppenstein 1060–1075</li> <li>Ruothart 1075–1096</li> <li>Godefrid 1096–1109</li> <li>Wolfhelm 1109–1114</li> <li>Erlolf von Bergholz 1114–1122</li> <li>Ulrich von Kemnaten 1122–1126</li> <li>Heinrich I. von Kemnaten 1126–1132</li> <li>Bertho I. von Schlitz 1132–1134</li> <li>Konrad I. 1134–1140</li> <li>Aleholf 1140–1148</li> <li>Rugger I. 1148</li> <li>Heinrich II. von Bingarten 1148–1149</li> <li>Markward I. 1150–1165</li> <li>Gernot von Fulda 1165</li> <li>Hermann 1165–1168</li> <li>Burchard Graf von Nürings 1168–1176</li> <li>Rugger II. 1176–1177</li> <li>Konrad II. 1177–1192</li> <li>Heinrich III. von Kronberg im Taunus 1192–1216</li> <li>Hartmann I. 1216–1217</li> <li>Kuno 1217–1221</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prince-Abbots">Prince-Abbots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Prince-Abbots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Konrad III. von Malkes 1221–1249</li> <li>Heinrich IV. von Erthal 1249–1261</li> <li>Bertho II. von Leibolz 1261–1271</li> <li>Bertho III. von Mackenzell 1271–1272</li> <li>Bertho IV. von Biembach 1273–1286</li> <li>Markward II. von Bickenbach 1286–1288</li> <li>Heinrich V. Graf von Weilnau 1288–1313</li> <li>Eberhard von Rotenstein 1313–1315</li> <li>Heinrich VI. von Hohenberg 1315–1353</li> <li>Heinrich VII. von Kranlucken 1353–1372</li> <li>Konrad IV. Graf von Hanau 1372–1383</li> <li>Friedrich I. von Romrod 1383–1395</li> <li>Johann I. von Merlau 1395–1440</li> <li>Hermann II. von Buchenau 1440–1449</li> <li>Reinhard Graf von Weilnau 1449–1472</li> <li>Johann II. Graf von <a href="/wiki/House_of_Henneberg" title="House of Henneberg">Henneberg</a>-Schleusingen 1472–1513</li> <li>Hartmann II. Burggraf von Kirchberg 1513–1521/29</li> <li>Johann III. Graf von <a href="/wiki/House_of_Henneberg" title="House of Henneberg">Henneberg</a>-Schleusingen 1521/29–1541</li> <li>Philipp Schenk zu Schweinsberg 1541–1550</li> <li>Wolfgang Dietrich von Eusigheim 1550–1558</li> <li>Wolfgang Schutzbar (named Milchling) 1558–1567</li> <li>Philipp Georg Schenk zu Schweinsberg 1567–1568</li> <li>Wilhelm Hartmann von Klauer zu Wohra 1568–1570</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_von_Dernbach" title="Balthasar von Dernbach">Balthasar von Dernbach</a>, 1570–1606 (exiled 1576–1602) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Echter_von_Mespelbrunn" title="Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn">Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn</a>, Bishop of Würzburg, administrator 1576–1602</li></ul></li> <li>Johann Friedrich von Schwalbach 1606–1622</li> <li>Johann Bernhard Schenk zu Schweinsberg 1623–1632</li> <li>Johann Adolf von Hoheneck 1633–1635</li> <li>Hermann Georg von Neuhof (named Ley) 1635–1644</li> <li>Joachim Graf von Gravenegg 1644–1671</li> <li>Cardinal Gustav Adolf (Baden) (Bernhard Gustav Markgraf von Baden-Durlach) 1671–1677</li> <li>Placidus von Droste 1678–1700</li> <li>Adalbert I. von Schleifras 1700–1714</li> <li>Konstantin von Buttlar 1714–1726</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_von_Dalberg" title="Adolphus von Dalberg">Adolphus von Dalberg</a> 1726–1737</li> <li>Amand von Buseck, 1737–1756, Prince-Bishop after 1752</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots"><span id="Prince-Bishops.2FPrince-Abbots"></span>Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prince-Bishops/Prince-Abbots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg/300px-Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="416" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg/450px-Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg/600px-Image-HeinrichvonBibraHerrlein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14240" data-file-height="19754" /></a><figcaption>Painting of Prince-Bishop, Prince Abbot Heinrich von Bibra by his court painter, Johann Andreas Herrlein</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Adalbert II. von <a href="/wiki/Walderdorff" title="Walderdorff">Walderdorff</a> 1757–1759</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_VIII._von_Bibra" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich VIII. von Bibra">Heinrich VIII. von Bibra</a>, 1759–1788</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adalbert_von_Harstall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adalbert von Harstall (page does not exist)">Adalbert von Harstall</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbert_von_Harstall" class="extiw" title="de:Adalbert von Harstall">de</a>]</span>, 1789–1802, remained bishop until 1814</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CatholicWorld-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CatholicWorld_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1878). "The Monastery of Fulda". <i>The Catholic World, A Monthly Magazine of General Literature and Science</i>, 28 (165). 301-309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers, J. E. (2003). <i>Sacred time, sacred space, history and identity in the monastery of Fulda</i>. Amsterdam: In eigen beheer. 1-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers. Sacred time, sacred space, history and identity in the monastery of Fulda. 57-92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers. <i>Sacred time, sacred space, history and identity in the monastery of Fulda</i>. 93–134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers. <i>Sacred time, sacred space, history and identity in the monastery of Fulda</i>. 57-92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers. <i>Sacred time, sacred space, history and identity in the monastery of Fulda</i>. 21-56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ott, M. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12617a.htm">"Blessed Maurus Magnentius Rabanus"</a> in <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved October 20, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers. <i>Sacred time, sacred space, history and identity in the monastery of Fulda</i>. 167-202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers, <i>The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, c. 744 – c. 900</i>. 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lins-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lins_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lins_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lins_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lins, J. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06313b.htm">Fulda</a> in <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved October 20, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers. <i>The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, c. 744 – c. 900</i>. 265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Köbler, <i>Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder: Die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart</i> (C. H. Beck, 2007), p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raaijmakers, J. E. (2012) <i>The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, c. 744 – c. 900</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. 292</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Germania Benedictina</i>, Bd.VII: Die benediktinischen Mönchs- und Nonnenklöster in Hessen, 1. Auflage 2004 St. Ottilien, S. 214–375 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8306-7199-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-8306-7199-7">3-8306-7199-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoeckmann.de/deutschland/regionen/fulda.htm">History of the Bishopric of Fulda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiv.twoday.net/stories/1117947/">Geschichtsquellen im Netz</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Upper_Rhenish_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Ecclesiastical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Basel" title="Prince-Bishopric of Basel">Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">Fulda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld_Abbey" title="Hersfeld Abbey">Hersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rince-Bishopric_of_Metz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rince-Bishopric of Metz (page does not exist)">Metz</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stringen" title="Östringen">Odenheim</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bruchsal" title="Bruchsal">Bruchsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BCm_Abbey" title="Prüm Abbey">Prüm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Speyer" title="Prince-Bishopric of Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Toul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Diocese of Toul">Toul</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Verdun" title="Prince-Bishopric of Verdun">Verdun</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Worms" title="Prince-Bishopric of Worms">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Upper Rhenish Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/200px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg/400px-Locator_Upper-Rhenisch_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bar" title="Duchy of Bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersfeld_Abbey" title="Hersfeld Abbey">Hersfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Homburg" title="Hesse-Homburg">Homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Marburg" title="Hesse-Marburg">Marburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse-Rheinfels" title="Hesse-Rheinfels">Rheinfels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Birstein">Isenburg-Birstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Lautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (duchy)">Lorraine</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau (state)">Nassau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idstein" title="Idstein">Idstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottweiler" title="Ottweiler">Ottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nassau-Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="County of Nassau-Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-Usingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau-Usingen">Usingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="House of Nassau-Weilburg">Weilburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Kyrburg" title="Salm-Kyrburg">Kyrburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Salm" title="Salm-Salm">Salm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Palatinate-Simmern" title="House of Palatinate-Simmern">Simmern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Braunfels" title="Solms-Braunfels">Solms-Braunfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sponheim" title="County of Sponheim">Sponheim</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Veldenz" title="County Palatine of Veldenz">Veldenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldeck_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldeck (state)">Waldeck</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Zweibr%C3%BCcken" class="mw-redirect" title="County Palatine of Zweibrücken">Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">With<br /><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imp. Diet</a><br />seats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-Lichtenberg" title="Hanau-Lichtenberg">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Hanau-Münzenberg">Münzenberg</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">Isenburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Birstein">Birstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen" title="Isenburg-Büdingen">Büdingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-B%C3%BCdingen-Birstein" title="Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein">Büdingen-Birstein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein_im_Taunus" title="Königstein im Taunus">Königstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstein-Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Königstein-Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigstein-Stolberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Königstein-Stolberg (page does not exist)">Stolberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Kriechingen" title="County of Kriechingen">Kriechingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Leiningen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Leiningen">Leiningen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Dagsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiningen-Dagsburg">Dagsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Hardenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiningen-Hardenburg">Hardenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiningen-Westerburg" title="Leiningen-Westerburg">Westerburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(state)" title="Salm (state)">Salm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaugrehweiler" title="Gaugrehweiler">Grehweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Grumbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Salm-Grumbach">Grumbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms" title="Solms">Solms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Hohensolms" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Hohensolms">Hohensolms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Laubach" title="Solms-Laubach">Laubach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-Lich" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Lich">Lich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solms-R%C3%B6delheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Solms-Rödelheim">Rödelheim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetterau" title="Wetterau">Wetterau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg">Berleburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein" title="Sayn-Wittgenstein-Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Without</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretzenheim_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretzenheim (state)">Bretzenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagstuhl" title="Dagstuhl">Dagstuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Falkenstein_(Rhineland-Palatinate)" title="Counts of Falkenstein (Rhineland-Palatinate)">Falkenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">Isenburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-Meerholz" title="Isenburg-Meerholz">Meerholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isenburg-W%C3%A4chtersbach" title="Isenburg-Wächtersbach">Wächtersbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mensfelden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mensfelden (page does not exist)">Mensfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olbr%C3%BCck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olbrück (page does not exist)">Olbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reipoltskirchen" title="Reipoltskirchen">Reipoltskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochstetten-Dhaun" title="Hochstetten-Dhaun">Salm-Dhaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartenberg,_Hesse" title="Wartenberg, Hesse">Wartenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaisersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Münster im Elsaß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Oberehnheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Türkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Strasbourg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a>.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>2</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nomeny" title="Nomeny">Nomeny</a> after 1737.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>3</small></sup> without <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)">Reichstag</a> seat.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>4</small></sup> until 1736.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>5</small></sup> Joined <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a> in 1515.<br /><br />Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <b>Upper Rhenish</b>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> · <span class="nowrap">   </span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661240#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661240#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661240#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114823364">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152916908">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074038-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82165951">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Abtei Fulda"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050510054&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007528213905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://klosterdatenbank.germania-sacra.de/gsn/30121">Klosterdatenbank</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Princely_Abbey_of_Fulda&params=50.554_N_9.67175_E_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span 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