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<div class="page-wrapper"> <article> <h1 class="page-title">Appel à communication : Congrès du CTHS 2025 « Reconstruire, réformer, refonder »</h1> <section>  <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-14667 alignright" src="https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/CTHS.jpg" alt="" width="446" height="214" />Le prochain <strong>Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques</strong> se déroulera du lundi 14 au vendredi 18 avril 2025 à Orléans.</p> <p> </p> <p>Il a pour thème :</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><i><b>Reconstruire, réformer, refonder</b></i></h3> <p>Vous pouvez dès à présent faire parvenir vos propositions de communications en vous inscrivant directement sur le <a href="http://cths.fr/co/congres.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener">site internet du CTHS</a> ou en écrivant à l’adresse <a href="congres@cths.fr">congres@cths.fr</a></p> <p>Les candidatures doivent être envoyées avant le vendredi 18 octobre 2024. Les dossiers reçus après cette date ne pourront être pris en compte.</p> <p>Vous retrouverez l’ensemble des informations et consignes relatives au Congrès 2025 sur le site internet du CTHS</p> <h2>Présentation du thème :</h2> <p>Le Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques de 2025 se propose d’aborder ces perspectives d’action refondatrice qui scandent l’histoire de la terre, de l’humanité et des sciences tout autant que les périodes de rupture et de destruction. Plutôt que les effets et les conséquences, on analysera les contextes et les processus qui se définissent par trois verbes d’action : <b>reconstruire, réformer, refonder</b>.</p> <p>Ces mots sont construits avec un préfixe à valeur itérative ; ils impliquent la transformation d’un état donné antérieur, interrogent le rapport tissé entre le passé et le présent vécu à une époque donnée, jettent les bases pour l’avenir. Puisqu’il s’agit de re-construire, re-former, re-fonder, ces actions sont définies par leurs promoteurs ou leurs acteurs en référence à un état antérieur qu’il s’agit de rétablir ou au contraire de dépasser, selon que ce passé est connoté positivement ou négativement. La notion de réforme, au coeur de la vie religieuse au long des siècles, comme de la pratique politique contemporaine, est parfois interprétée comme une régression. Mais les fondements historiques anciens ont montré l’équivalence de ces notions sous trois formes : la reconstruction permet la réforme et la refondation.<br /> S’ils expriment des sens équivalents ou proches, les trois verbes distinguent toutefois des démarches qui ont chacune une signification précise.</p> <p><b>Reconstruire</b> a un sens évident en matière d’architecture : il signifie <b>remplacer un édifice ancien</b>, démoli accidentellement ou volontairement, par un autre sur le même emplacement, qui peut être reconstruit à l’identique ou, plus souvent, modifié dans son architecture et/ou dans ses usages. L’archéologie du bâti a mis en évidence la présence fréquente d’éléments de <b>réemplois</b> (fragments d’édifices antiques, portails romans réutilisés dans les églises gothiques…) qui peuvent conserver intentionnellement le souvenir de l’édifice antérieur. La reconstruction n’est pas une table rase qui efface le souvenir du passé. Les processus de <b>reconstruction urbaine</b> (à la suite des guerres notamment ou de catastrophes naturelles) sont à prendre en compte en distinguant des reconstructions partielles ou totales et planifiées : il convient alors de s’interroger sur l’initiative de ces opérations, soit menées par des particuliers, soit coordonnées par les autorités publiques.</p> <p>Toujours en architecture, dans le domaine de la pédagogie, l’opération de <b>restitution visuelle</b> (sur le papier) d’édifices disparus ou à l’état de ruine occupe pendant toute la période moderne et au début de la période contemporaine une place centrale dans l’apprentissage de la composition. De telles pratiques existent aujourd’hui dans le domaine de l’enseignement de la construction, où la <b>reconstruction matérielle</b> de procédés techniques est une voie possible pour comprendre des dispositifs anciens et apprendre à les restaurer. <b>L’archéologie expérimentale ou reconstructive</b> est de même utilisée de longue date pour comprendre le fonctionnement des objets et des structures par l’expérience. Cette pratique s’est étendue à l’histoire comme en témoigne la reconstruction des machines de Léonard de Vinci.</p> <p>Dans un autre domaine, la possibilité et la validité de la <b>reconstruction des textes</b> sont au cœur des débats philologiques. En l’absence d’original, lorsque seules subsistent des copies, le philologue doit choisir entre la voie de la reconstruction et celle de la conservation. D’une tradition académique et linguistique à l’autre, d’une tradition textuelle à l’autre, la décision diffère. En s’opposant aux pratiques reconstructionnistes, Joseph Bédier (1914 et 1928) a provoqué un « schisme » majeur dans les pratiques philologiques. En dénonçant l’impossibilité de classer avec certitude les manuscrits et la bifidité des <i>stemmata codicum</i>, Bédier concluait qu’il fallait s’en tenir à un « bon manuscrit », sous peine de reconstruire d’après le goût de l’éditeur. On pourra évoquer les modalités et perspectives des éditions reconstructionnistes aujourd’hui.</p> <p>Mais en sens figuré, plus large, reconstruire peut définir tout processus de <b>réorganisation et de réforme sociale, économique, politique et religieuse</b> après une crise, une guerre ou un changement de régime, qui implique une action pour remédier aux destructions engendrées et un effort de remise en ordre, territorial, institutionnel ou sociétal. L’étymologie latine du mot dérive en effet de <i>construere</i>, mettre en ordre, ranger, superposer des couches.</p> <p>Un courant historiographique récent s’intéresse aux <b>reconstructions mémorielles</b>, c’est-à-dire à la manière dont une société et ses dirigeants perçoivent et interprètent le passé à la lumière de leur propre contexte historique, au risque d’en modifier la vérité factuelle.</p> <p><b>Refonder</b> peut avoir un sens analogue dans cette dernière perspective et implique soit une <b>œuvre de réparation</b> qui permet de réintroduire des modes de vie ou des institutions en revenant aux principes initiaux souvent idéalisés, <b>après une période d’affaiblissement ou d’abandon</b> (ex. refondation de monastère ou de ville, comme par exemple le cas des villes après la Reconquista), soit au contraire une entreprise qui vise à <b>recréer les bases d’une autorité</b> ou d’un pouvoir après avoir écarté les causes de faiblesse précédentes : en ce sens, Charles VII et Louis XI ont refondé la puissance monarchique française après la crise de la guerre entre Armagnacs et Bourguignons. Le Moyen Âge utilise ce verbe surtout au sens de « rendre », « restituer », rétablir des droits.</p> <p><b>Réformer</b> est certainement le verbe le plus riche de sens, et le plus connoté dans ses usages. Ce mot clé du vocabulaire médiéval (<b><i>reformatio</i></b>) – même s’il n’est pas employé avec une très grande fréquence dans les textes – implique, au contraire des deux précédents, une action <b>transformatrice</b> qui vise à améliorer la situation antérieure et mettre fin à un état de crise. Pour certains, cette amélioration ne peut intervenir que par un <b>retour à une forme initiale (rendre une forme première)</b> qui a été abandonnée, voire trahie. Ainsi la réforme religieuse de Cîteaux, qui prétend revenir aux sources de l’inspiration bénédictine ou, dans un autre ordre, le rétablissement du Saint Empire qui reprend à la fois des traditions d’origine romaine et des héritages carolingiens. Dans cette perspective, la « réforme » s’affiche comme un retour à l’ancien, non pas une créativité. Dans d’autres circonstances, une réforme ne peut se développer sans un travail préalable de <b>renouvellement des concepts et des modes de penser</b>. Ainsi, toute mesure de transformation politique est considérée comme réforme ; elle implique un nouvel élan.</p> <p>Ce terme de réformer peut aussi s’envisager comme <b>synonyme de régénérer</b>, la perspective prenant alors une dimension pour partie scientifique. Un appel au sursaut, à une <b>reconfiguration de l’état social</b>, politique, économique, intellectuel, scientifique tient lieu de réponse à une période de rupture (défaite militaire, renversement de l’ordre jusque-là établi, etc.) ou à des campagnes autour d’un supposé déclin social ou moral, d’une dégénérescence anthropologique aux causes multiples. La mise en œuvre de politiques publiques hygiénistes ou militaristes par exemple, tout comme la création d’organismes à visée régénératrice, comme put l’être l’Association française pour l’avancement des sciences (« Par la Science, Pour la Patrie »), participent de ces réactions.</p> <p>Mais <b>réformer désigne aussi une action de type législatif ou statutaire</b>, devenue régulière dans les communes d’Italie médiévale, pour adapter et modifier les textes juridiques et institutionnels qui organisent la vie de la société ; c’est une « remise en forme », une mise à jour du droit. La réforme de ces pratiques d’élaboration et d’enregistrement du droit peut aller de pair avec une <b>réforme de l’écriture</b>, afin d’en faire un instrument plus adapté aux nouvelles fonctions. Les <b>réformes de calendriers</b> sont d’autres exemples d’adaptation technique rendues nécessaires pour préciser et clarifier le calcul du temps, en fonction des progrès de la connaissance.</p> <p>À partir de ces notions de base, de nombreuses pistes de réflexion peuvent être suggérées et explorées. Le Congrès s’efforcera de prendre en compte la diversité des époques et des modalités dans les manières de reconstruire, refonder et réformer. Il convient également de mettre en avant les documents qui évoquent, et souvent justifient, de telles actions à l’épreuve de la réalité historique.</p> <p>Les communications pourront aborder le thème soit à travers des études de cas, soit en proposant des réflexions plus générales sur l’évolution à plus long terme dans le rapport au passé, institutionnel, politique, mémoriel, qui est induite par les actions de reconstruire, refonder et réformer.</p> </section> </article> <aside class="sidebar"> <section class="program-info-block"> <h1>Informations</h1> <section> <h1>Équipe</h1> <div>Islam médiéval</div> </section> <section> <h1>Type d'activité</h1> <div>Rencontre scientifique</div> </section> <section> <h1>Sous-type d'activité</h1> <div>Appel</div> </section> <section> <h1>Co-auteur(s)</h1> <div>CTHS</div> </section> <section> <h1>Lieu</h1> <div>Orléans</div> </section> <section> <h1>Date de début</h1> <div>14 avril 2025</div> </section> <section> <h1>Date de fin</h1> <div>18 avril 2025</div> </section> <section> <h1>Lien de consultation</h1> <div><a href="http://cths.fr/co/congres.php" target="_blank"> http://cths.fr/co/congres.php</a></div> </section> </section> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <section class="section section-white"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-logo-container"> <img width="300" height="121" src="https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo_lettres_horiz-300x121.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo_lettres_horiz-300x121.jpg 300w, https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo_lettres_horiz-1024x412.jpg 1024w, https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo_lettres_horiz-768x309.jpg 768w, https://www.orient-mediterranee.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/logo_lettres_horiz-1536x617.jpg 1536w, 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