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class="mw-page-title-main">Ken Kutaragi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Κεν Κουταράγκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεν Κουταράγκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="کن کوتاراگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کن کوتاراگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%ED%83%80%EB%9D%BC%EA%B8%B0_%EC%BC%84" title="쿠타라기 켄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠타라기 켄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB" title="Կեն Կուտարագի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կեն Կուտարագի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%89" title="كين كوتارجى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كين كوتارجى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%9B%E8%89%AF%E6%9C%A8%E5%81%A5" title="久夛良木健 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="久夛良木健" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Кутараги, Кэн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кутараги, Кэн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ken Kutaragi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%9B%E8%89%AF%E6%9C%A8%E5%81%A5" title="久夛良木健 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="久夛良木健" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ken Kutaragi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="415" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ken_Kutaragi_-_Game_Developers_Choice_Awards_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="944" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kutaragi with his Lifetime Achievement Award at the <a href="/wiki/Game_Developers_Choice_Awards" title="Game Developers Choice Awards">Game Developers Choice Awards</a> 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-08-02</span>) </span>2 August 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 74)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōtō, Tokyo">Kōtō, Tokyo</a>, Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Electro-Communications" title="University of Electro-Communications">University of Electro-Communications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Engineering technologist, businessman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellius" title="Cellius">Cellius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ken Kutaragi</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">久夛良木健</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kutaragi Ken</i></span>, born 2 August 1950)</span> is a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Engineering_technologist" title="Engineering technologist">engineering technologist</a> and businessman, currently president and CEO of Cyber AI Entertainment. Formerly the chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a> (SCE), the video game division of <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, Kutaragi is known as "The <a href="/wiki/Father_of" class="mw-redirect" title="Father of">Father of</a> the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having overseen the development of the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">original console</a> and its successors and spinoffs until departing the company in 2007, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> was released. </p><p>Kutaragi had also designed the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_S-SMP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo S-SMP">sound processor</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a>. With Sony, he designed the <a href="/wiki/Very-large-scale_integration" title="Very-large-scale integration">VLSI</a> chip, which works in conjunction with the PS1's <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduced instruction set computing">RISC</a> CPU to handle the graphics rendering. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Kutaragi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kutaragi was born in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan, in 1950. His parents, although not wealthy by Japanese standards, still managed to own their own business, a small printing plant in the city. As Kutaragi grew into childhood, they actively encouraged the young boy to explore his mechanical abilities in the plant, and he worked after school there. Aside from his duties in his parents' factory, Kutaragi was a studious, high-level student.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kutaragi always had the desire to "tinker", often taking apart toys as a child rather than playing with them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This curiosity carried from childhood, leading him as a teenager to learn the intricacies of electronics. Eventually, in fact, his love of electronics led to him enrolling in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Electro-Communications" title="University of Electro-Communications">University of Electro-Communications</a>, where he acquired an Electronics degree in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately after graduation, Kutaragi began working for <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> in their digital research labs in the mid-1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although at the time it was considered a radical decision, Kutaragi felt that Sony was on the "fast track". He quickly gained a reputation as an excellent problem solver and a forward-thinking engineer, earning that reputation by working on many successful projects, including early <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_displays" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal displays">liquid crystal displays</a> (LCDs) and <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Kutaragi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, he was watching his two-year-old son play a <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Famicom</a> and realized the potential that existed within video games.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that particular time, Sony's executives had no interest in video games.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, when <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> expressed the need for a <a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">sound chip</a> for its upcoming new <a href="/wiki/16-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="16-bit">16-bit</a> system, Kutaragi accepted the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working in secret, he designed the chip, the <a href="/wiki/SPC700" class="mw-redirect" title="SPC700">SPC700</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they found out, Sony's executives were furious.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only with Sony <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> <a href="/wiki/Norio_Ohga" title="Norio Ohga">Norio Ohga</a>'s approval was Kutaragi able to complete the chip and keep his job.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even while working with Nintendo, within Sony, gaming was still regarded as a fad.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this hostile atmosphere to video games, Kutaragi managed to persuade Ohga into working with Nintendo to develop a CD-ROM add-on for the Super NES that would be released alongside a Sony branded console that could play both Super NES cartridges and CD games.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These efforts resulted in a device called the "<a href="/wiki/Nintendo_PlayStation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo PlayStation">Play Station</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the partnership between Sony and Nintendo faltered due to licensing disagreements, but Kutaragi and Sony continued to develop their own console. He wanted to utilize Sony's access to the latest technology in creating the most powerful home console available, unlike Nintendo, which used primitive, outdated technology to create their consoles. He also noticed that Nintendo focused mainly on children, so he wanted Sony's console to target older adult gamers, as he felt it was a market not yet tapped by any of the available home consoles.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kutaragi later recalled staying up all night working on the console design for several nights in a row "because our work was so interesting."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being considered a risky gamble by other Sony executives, Kutaragi once again had the support of Ohga and several years later the company released the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">original PlayStation</a>. The success of the PlayStation led to him heading up the development of successor consoles, the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>. </p><p>The commercial success of the PlayStation franchise makes <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a> the most profitable business division of Sony. Despite being an upstart in the console market against veterans Nintendo and <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>, the first PlayStation displaced them both to become the most popular console of that era. The PlayStation 2 extended Sony's lead in the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">following generation</a>, at one point holding a 65% <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> with 100 million units shipped.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kutaragi was recognized by many financial and technological publications for this success, most notably when he was named one of the 100 most influential people of 2004 in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a> magazine<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "<a href="/wiki/Johann_Gutenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gutenberg">Gutenberg</a> of Video Games". </p><p>In 1997 Kutaragi was appointed CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment America, and accordingly moved to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1997, Kutaragi had been favoured to become the next Sony president. He enjoyed a close relationship with Ohga.<sup id="cite_ref-cringely_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cringely-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ohga's successor <a href="/wiki/Nobuyuki_Idei" title="Nobuyuki Idei">Nobuyuki Idei</a> promoted Kutaragi to Deputy Executive President, Sony-Global chief operating officer, and Vice-<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a> in 2003. </p><p>On 30 November 2006, Kutaragi was replaced as president of Sony Computer Entertainment by <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Hirai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazuo Hirai">Kazuo Hirai</a>, the President of SCE America. In addition to other management changes, Kutaragi was promoted to chairman of SCEI, and retained his position as chief executive officer of the group.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 April 2007, it was announced that Kutaragi would retire and instead take up the role of Honorary Chairman. Taking over his position would be then Hirai, who would eventually be promoted to president and CEO of Sony.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 June 2011, following the reshuffling of management, Sony announced that on 28 June 2011, Kutaragi had stepped down as honorary chairman of SCEI. Kutaragi relinquished active management of the business he created and built in 2007, when he stepped down as executive chairman and group CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has remained at Sony as senior technology advisor. </p><p>Ken Kutaragi later became president and CEO of Cyber AI Entertainment, Inc. He also serves on the boards of <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Group_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadokawa Group Holdings">Kadokawa Group Holdings</a>, Inc., Nojima Corporation, and <a href="/wiki/Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a>, Inc. In 2009, he became a visiting professor of <a href="/wiki/Ritsumeikan_University" title="Ritsumeikan University">Ritsumeikan University</a>. In 2020, Kutaragi became CEO of Tokyo-based AI and robotics startup Ascent Robotics, after serving on its Board of Directors since 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment_by_industry_analysts">Assessment by industry analysts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Kutaragi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assessment by industry analysts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Kutaragi's leadership of consumer electronics was not successful, analysts also suspect that outgoing Sony CEO Nobuyuki Idei had set up Kutaragi to fail, given that both men had a cool working relationship. Idei assigned Kutaragi the tedious task of turning around the consumer division, which had already been falling behind competitors such as <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> in the LCD market.<sup id="cite_ref-cringely_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cringely-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kutaragi's rival for the top position, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Stringer" title="Howard Stringer">Howard Stringer</a>, was given the less difficult assignment of the content business and his success at <a href="/wiki/Sony_BMG_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony BMG Music Entertainment">Sony BMG Music Entertainment</a> resulted in his promotion. </p><p>Sony Interactive Entertainment, which Kutaragi had been heading since its inception, had a weaker year in 2004 after several years of solid growth.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that same year, Sony's game sales fell to $7.5 billion from $8.2 billion, and its operating income slid to $650 million from $1 billion, losing $25 million in Q4 of 2004. This can be attributed partially to the over-saturation of the video game market and price wars that caused the PS2 to lose the top sales position for a time.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_generation_game_consoles">Seventh generation game consoles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Kutaragi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Seventh generation game consoles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kutaragi has labelled the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> as "just an Xbox 1.5" and stated that it was "only going after PlayStation 2".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, SCE Executive Tetsuhiko Yasuda did not consider <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> to be a competitor, and has said that they might consider working on games together.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2006 Kutaragi admitted that the shortage of PlayStation 3 consoles to North America and Japan as well as the postponing of the console's debut in Europe put Sony's strength in hardware in decline.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Kutaragi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PlayStation+%27father%27+Ken+Kutaragi+becomes+CEO+of+AI+startup&rft.pub=asia.nikkei.com&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FBusiness%2FTechnology%2FPlayStation-father-Ken-Kutaragi-becomes-CEO-of-AI-startup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKen+Kutaragi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3662403.stm">"Sony hit by drop in games sales"</a>. BBC. 27 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xbox+360+%3D+Xbox+1.5%3F+Kutaragi+trashtalkin%27%21&rft.pub=Engadget&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2005%2F05%2F25%2Fxbox-360-xbox-1-5-kutaragi-trashtalkin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKen+Kutaragi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060619123751/http://www.gamepro.com/news.cfm?article_id=56750">"Broken Promises: A Closer Look at the PS3"</a>. GamePro.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Broken+Promises%3A+A+Closer+Look+at+the+PS3&rft.pub=GamePro.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamepro.com%2Fnews.cfm%3Farticle_id%3D56750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKen+Kutaragi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joystiq.com/2006/02/17/sony-would-consider-working-with-non-competitor-microsoft">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Sony would consider working with "non-competitor" Microsoft"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Joystiq. 25 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Sony+would+consider+working+with+%22non-competitor%22+Microsoft%22&rft.pub=Joystiq&rft.date=2006-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joystiq.com%2F2006%2F02%2F17%2Fsony-would-consider-working-with-non-competitor-microsoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKen+Kutaragi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.betanews.com/article/Kutaragi_Sony_Hardware_In_Decline/1157731126">"Kutaragi: Sony Hardware 'In Decline'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BetaNews" class="mw-redirect" title="BetaNews">BetaNews</a>. 8 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kutaragi%3A+Sony+Hardware+%27In+Decline%27&rft.pub=BetaNews&rft.date=2006-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.betanews.com%2Farticle%2FKutaragi_Sony_Hardware_In_Decline%2F1157731126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKen+Kutaragi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Kutaragi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Technology/PlayStation-father-Ken-Kutaragi-becomes-CEO-of-AI-startup">"PlayStation 'father' Ken Kutaragi becomes CEO of AI startup"</a>—<i><a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Asia" title="Nikkei Asia">Nikkei Asia</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Studios" title="PlayStation Studios">PlayStation Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home consoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_models" title="PlayStation models">Models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_models" title="PlayStation 2 models">Models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation 2 technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_models" title="PlayStation 3 models">Models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation 3 technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_system_software" title="PlayStation 3 system software">System software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_technical_specifications" title="PlayStation 4 technical specifications">Main hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_system_software" title="PlayStation 4 system software">System software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handhelds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PocketStation" title="PocketStation">PocketStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">System software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">System software</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSX_(digital_video_recorder)" title="PSX (digital video recorder)">PSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_TV" title="PlayStation TV">PlayStation TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Classic" title="PlayStation Classic">PlayStation Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="PlayStation" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PlayStation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation games (A–L)">A–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_games_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation games (M–Z)">M–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Net_Yaroze_games" title="List of Net Yaroze games">Net Yaroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_PS_one_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of PS one Classics">Downloadable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games_(Japan)" title="List of downloadable PlayStation games (Japan)">JP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games_(North_America)" title="List of downloadable PlayStation games (North America)">NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_games_(PAL_region)" title="List of downloadable PlayStation games (PAL region)">PAL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_2_games_(A%E2%80%93K)" title="List of PlayStation 2 games (A–K)">A–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_2_games_(L%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation 2 games (L–Z)">L–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_2_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 2 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_2_online_games" title="List of PlayStation 2 online games">Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_2_games" title="List of downloadable PlayStation 2 games">Downloadable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_2_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation 2 games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(A%E2%80%93C)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (A–C)">A–C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(D%E2%80%93I)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (D–I)">D–I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(J%E2%80%93P)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (J–P)">J–P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_3_games_(Q%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation 3 games (Q–Z)">Q–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_3_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 3 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_3_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation 3 games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_4_games_(A%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation 4 games (A–L)">A–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_4_games_(M%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation 4 games (M–Z)">M–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_4_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 4 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_4_free-to-play_games" title="List of PlayStation 4 free-to-play games">Free-to-play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">PS VR games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_4_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation 4 games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PS5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_5_games" title="List of PlayStation 5 games">A–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PlayStation_5_video_games" title="List of best-selling PlayStation 5 video games">Best-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">PS VR2 games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSP</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Portable_games" title="List of PlayStation Portable games">A-Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_downloadable_PlayStation_Portable_games" title="List of downloadable PlayStation Portable games">Downloadable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_minis" title="List of PlayStation minis">PS minis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_PSP_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of best-selling PSP video games">Best selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_Portable_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation Portable games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_PlayStation_Vita_games" title="Lists of PlayStation Vita games">PS Vita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(A%E2%80%93D)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (A–D)">A–D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(E%E2%80%93H)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (E–H)">E–H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(I%E2%80%93L)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (I–L)">I–L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(M%E2%80%93O)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (M–O)">M–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(P%E2%80%93R)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (P–R)">P–R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(S)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (S)">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(T%E2%80%93V)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (T–V)">T–V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Vita_games_(W%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of PlayStation Vita games (W–Z)">W–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cancelled_PlayStation_Vita_games" title="List of cancelled PlayStation Vita games">Cancelled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Mobile_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of PlayStation Mobile games">PS Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_Store_TurboGrafx-16_games" title="List of PlayStation Store TurboGrafx-16 games">TurboGrafx-16 Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEOGEO_Station" title="NEOGEO Station">NEOGEO Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_remasters_for_PlayStation_consoles" title="High-definition remasters for PlayStation consoles">Classics HD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reprints</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(PlayStation)" title="Greatest Hits (PlayStation)">Greatest Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essentials_(PlayStation)" title="Essentials (PlayStation)">Essentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_(PlayStation)" title="The Best (PlayStation)">The Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigHit_Series" title="BigHit Series">BigHit Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">2011 outage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Station_(online_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Station (online service)">Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstPlay" title="FirstPlay">FirstPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_App" title="PlayStation App">PlayStation App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Home" title="PlayStation Home">PlayStation Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mobile" title="PlayStation Mobile">PlayStation Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Now" title="PlayStation Now">PlayStation Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Store" title="PlayStation Store">PlayStation Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_online_functionality" title="PlayStation 2 online functionality">PS2 online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Broadband_Navigator" title="PlayStation Broadband Navigator">PlayStation Broadband Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_for_PlayStation_Portable" title="Room for PlayStation Portable">Room for PSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidZone" title="VidZone">VidZone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controllers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_controller" title="PlayStation controller">PlayStation controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Mouse" title="PlayStation Mouse">PlayStation Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Analog_Joystick" title="PlayStation Analog Joystick">Analog Joystick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Analog_Controller" title="Dual Analog Controller">Dual Analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DualShock" title="DualShock">DualShock / DualSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixaxis" title="Sixaxis">Sixaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cameras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeToy" title="EyeToy">EyeToy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go!Cam" title="Go!Cam">Go!Cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Eye" title="PlayStation Eye">PlayStation Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Camera" title="PlayStation Camera">PlayStation Camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Multitap" title="PlayStation Multitap">Multitap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Link_Cable" title="PlayStation Link Cable">Link Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_accessories" title="PlayStation 2 accessories">PS2 accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2_Expansion_Bay" title="PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay">PlayStation 2 Expansion Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_accessories" title="PlayStation 3 accessories">PS3 accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayTV" title="PlayTV">PlayTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderbook" title="Wonderbook">Wonderbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portal" title="PlayStation Portal">PlayStation Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Net_Yaroze" title="Net Yaroze">Net Yaroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_for_PlayStation_2" title="Linux for PlayStation 2">PS2 Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GScube" title="GScube">GScube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OtherOS" title="OtherOS">OtherOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zego" title="Zego">Zego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_U.S._PlayStation_Magazine" title="Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine">Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlayStation:_The_Official_Magazine" title="PlayStation: The Official Magazine">PlayStation: The Official Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Official_Magazine_%E2%80%93_UK" title="PlayStation Official Magazine – UK">PlayStation Official Magazine – UK</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Official_Magazine_%E2%80%93_Australia" title="PlayStation Official Magazine – Australia">PlayStation Official Magazine – Australia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_PlayStation_Magazine_(Ireland)" title="Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland)">Official PlayStation Magazine (Ireland)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Underground" title="PlayStation Underground">PlayStation Underground</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advertisements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Life_(PlayStation_ad)" title="Double Life (PlayStation ad)">Double Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_(advertisement)" title="Mountain (advertisement)">Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_marketing#PlayStation" title="Sony marketing">PlayStation marketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygon_Man" title="Polygon Man">Polygon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Butler_(character)" title="Kevin Butler (character)">Kevin Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arcade_system_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade system board">Arcade boards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Namco System 11">Namco System 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Namco System 12">System 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_10" title="Namco System 10">System 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_246" title="Namco System 246">System 246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_357" title="Namco System 357">System 357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_573" title="System 573">Konami System 573</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jampack" title="Jampack">Jampack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_NES_CD-ROM" title="Super NES CD-ROM">Super NES CD-ROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xperia_Play" title="Xperia Play">Sony Ericsson Xperia Play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sony_consoles" title="Category:Sony consoles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sony" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sony" title="Template:Sony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sony" title="Template talk:Sony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sony" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sony" title="History of Sony">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Electronics_Products_&_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Imaging_&_Sensing_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Semiconductor Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment" title="Sony Entertainment">Sony Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Group" title="Sony Music Group">Sony Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Publishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Financial_Group" title="Sony Financial Group">Sony Financial Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Life" title="Sony Life">Sony Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Bank" title="Sony Bank">Sony Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniplex" title="Aniplex">Aniplex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_trademarks" title="List of Sony trademarks">Technologies<br />and brands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_%CE%B1" title="Sony α">α (Alpha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bionz" title="Bionz">Bionz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravia_(brand)" title="Bravia (brand)">Bravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-shot" title="Cyber-shot">Cyber-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dash" title="Sony Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dream_Machine" title="Sony Dream Machine">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmor" title="Exmor">Exmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handycam" title="Handycam">Handycam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCAM" title="HDCAM">HDCAM/HDCAM-SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMZ-T1" title="HMZ-T1">HMZ-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inzone" title="Inzone">Inzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocationFree_Player" title="LocationFree Player">LocationFree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">MiniDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)" title="Mylo (Sony)">mylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_8_channel_SDDS_films" title="List of 8 channel SDDS films">8 channel films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_X-tal_Reflective_Display" title="Silicon X-tal Reflective Display">SXRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Tablet" title="Sony Tablet">Sony Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_diode" title="Tunnel diode">Tunnel diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransferJet" title="TransferJet">TransferJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Video8/Hi8/Digital8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Vision-S" title="Sony Vision-S">Vision-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Xperia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIBO" title="AIBO">AIBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLI%C3%89" title="CLIÉ">Sony CLIÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Lissa" title="Sony Lissa">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Mavica" title="Sony Mavica">Mavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_NEWS" title="Sony NEWS">NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optiarc" title="Optiarc">Optiarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia_(Sony)" title="Qualia (Sony)">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Rolly" title="Sony Rolly">Rolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-55" title="TR-55">TR-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron">Trinitron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FD_Trinitron/WEGA" title="FD Trinitron/WEGA">FD series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C_videotape" title="Type C videotape">1 inch Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEGA" title="WEGA">WEGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Creative_Software" title="Sony Creative Software">Sony Creative Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa Networks</a> (57%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Online distribution</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Now" title="PlayStation Now">PlayStation Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Store" title="PlayStation Store">PlayStation Store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonyLIV" title="SonyLIV">SonyLIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Flix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Flix">Great American Pure Flix</a> (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Media" title="Great American Media">Great American Media</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former/Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Former/Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_EMEA#Anime_Digital_Network" title="Crunchyroll EMEA">Anime Digital Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_on_Demand" title="Anime on Demand">Anime on Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_Store_Australia#AnimeLab" title="Crunchyroll Store Australia">AnimeLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funimation" title="Funimation">Funimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakanim" title="Wakanim">Wakanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRV_(streaming_service)" title="VRV (streaming service)">VRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crackle_(service)" title="Crackle (service)">Crackle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Minisode_Network" title="The Minisode Network">Minisodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Digital_Audio_Disc_Corporation" title="Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation">Sony DADC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So-net" title="So-net">Sony Network Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Professional_Solutions" title="Sony Professional Solutions">Sony Professional Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Honda_Mobility" title="Sony Honda Mobility">Sony Honda Mobility</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDLinx" title="MDLinx">M3</a> (39.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> (4.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation_of_America" title="Sony Corporation of America">Sony Corporation of America</a> (umbrella company in the US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Sony" title="List of assets owned by Sony">Other subsidiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Sony" title="List of acquisitions by Sony">List of acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_owned_by_Sony" title="List of libraries owned by Sony">List of libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonprofit organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shohoku_College" title="Shohoku College">Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor" title="Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor">Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_timer" title="Sony timer">Sony timer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cell_BE_architecture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cell_microprocessor_segments" title="Template:Cell microprocessor segments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cell_microprocessor_segments" title="Template talk:Cell microprocessor segments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cell_microprocessor_segments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cell microprocessor segments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cell_BE_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell BE architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)#Synergistic_Processing_Elements_.28SPE.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Synergistic Processing Element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpursEngine" title="SpursEngine">SpursEngine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Processing_Element" title="Power Processing Element">Power Processing Element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenon_(processor)" title="Xenon (processor)">Xenon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AltiVec" title="AltiVec">Vector Multimedia Extension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_microprocessor_implementations" title="Cell microprocessor implementations">Fabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">Sony PlayStation 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_models" title="PlayStation 3 models">models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_cluster" title="PlayStation 3 cluster">clusters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qosmio" title="Qosmio">Toshiba Qosmio F50, G50, G55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_BladeCenter" title="IBM BladeCenter">IBM BladeCenter QS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Roadrunner" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Roadrunner">IBM Roadrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namco_System_357" title="Namco System 357">Namco System 357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zego" title="Zego">Zego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apulet" title="Apulet">Apulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding@home" title="Folding@home">Folding@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIE_Worldwide_Studios#ICE_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="SIE Worldwide Studios">Initiative for a Common Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OtherOS" title="OtherOS">OtherOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhyreEngine" title="PhyreEngine">PhyreEngine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_software_development" title="Cell software development">Software development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bader_(computer_scientist)" title="David Bader (computer scientist)">David Bader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hofstee" title="Peter Hofstee">Peter Hofstee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_A._Kahle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James A. Kahle (page does not exist)">James A. Kahle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ken Kutaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor" title="Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor">STI Center of Competence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gameframe" title="Gameframe">Gameframe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_computing" title="Heterogeneous computing">Heterogeneous computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratchpad_memory" title="Scratchpad memory">Scratchpad memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_instruction,_multiple_data" title="Single instruction, multiple data">SIMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_multithreading" title="Simultaneous multithreading">Simultaneous multithreading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_processor" title="Vector processor">Vector processor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557018#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557018#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557018#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00037753">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16668301c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16668301c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4019005">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810583309105606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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