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<li id="toc-Release_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Release history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Release_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features_and_user_interface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features_and_user_interface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Features and user interface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features_and_user_interface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Technical design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distributed_storage_and_caching_of_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distributed_storage_and_caching_of_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Distributed storage and caching of data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distributed_storage_and_caching_of_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Protocol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Effect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Keys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scalability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scalability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Scalability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scalability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darknet_versus_opennet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darknet_versus_opennet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Darknet versus opennet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darknet_versus_opennet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools_and_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools_and_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tools and applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tools_and_applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tools and applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tools_and_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vulnerabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulnerabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vulnerabilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vulnerabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freesite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freesite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Freesite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freesite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparable_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparable_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Comparable software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparable_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyphanet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA" title="فرينت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرينت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphanet_(Software)" title="Hyphanet (Software) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hyphanet (Software)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hyphanet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hyphanet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%EB%84%B7" title="하이퍼넷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하이퍼넷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet_(P2P)" title="Freenet (P2P) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Freenet (P2P)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பிஃரிநெட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிஃரிநெட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freenet" title="Freenet – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Freenet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%BD%91" title="自由网 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="自由网" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%BD%91" title="自由网 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自由网" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q540#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freenet&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freenet</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peer-to-peer Internet platform for censorship-resistant communication</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Freenet_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Freenet (disambiguation)">Freenet (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Freenet_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of Freenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Freenet_logo.svg/120px-Freenet_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Freenet_logo.svg/180px-Freenet_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Freenet_logo.svg/240px-Freenet_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="79" data-file-height="53" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Screenshot of Freenet 0.7.5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png/220px-The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png/330px-The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png/440px-The_welcome_page_of_Freenet_Hyphanet.png 2x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="826" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">FProxy index page (Freenet 0.7)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-People_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">March 2000<span class="noprint">; 24 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2000-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.7.5 build 1498<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-05d5dd0219b998e8377bd7dab81e0ca7cb6c272d-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-05d5dd0219b998e8377bd7dab81e0ca7cb6c272d-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 23 September 2024</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/hyphanet/fred">https://github.com/hyphanet/fred</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a>: <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> (<a href="/wiki/Android_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Android operating system">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>), <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Java_(Sun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (Sun)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English, French, Italian, German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Norwegian, Chinese, Russian<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anonymity_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymity application">Anonymity application</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">friend-to-friend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overlay_network" title="Overlay network">overlay network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mix_network" title="Mix network">mix network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">distributed data store</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GNU General Public License version 3 only</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hyphanet.org">www<wbr />.hyphanet<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:File_sharing" title="Category:File sharing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/80px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/120px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/160px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Technologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File hosting services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer to peer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCC" title="XDCC">XDCC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Video on demand sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/123Movies" title="123Movies">123Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putlocker" title="Putlocker">Putlocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">BitTorrent sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1337x" title="1337x">1337x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonoid" title="Demonoid">Demonoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTorrent" title="ExtraTorrent">ExtraTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZTV" title="EZTV">EZTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsoHunt" title="IsoHunt">isoHunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitGirl_Repacks" title="FitGirl Repacks">FitGirl Repacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaa_Torrents" title="Nyaa Torrents">Nyaa Torrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RARBG" title="RARBG">RARBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutracker.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutracker.org">Rutracker.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Rockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Rockers">Tamil Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIFY" title="YIFY">YIFY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YourBittorrent" title="YourBittorrent">YourBittorrent</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Academic/scholarly</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">ICanHazPDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">File sharing networks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_(file_sharing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect (file sharing)">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyphanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">P2P clients</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC%2B%2B" title="DC++">DC++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMule" title="EMule">eMule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filetopia" title="Filetopia">Filetopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Streaming programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_Project" title="Butter Project">Butter Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_(software)" title="Kodi (software)">Kodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrents-Time" title="Torrents-Time">Torrents-Time</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Anonymous file sharing</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darknet_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darknet (networking)">Darknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_peer-to-peer" title="Private peer-to-peer">Private P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">Proxy server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Development and societal aspects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_file_sharing" title="Timeline of file sharing">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_issues_with_BitTorrent" title="Legal issues with BitTorrent">BitTorrent issues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By country or region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Canada" title="File sharing in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Japan" title="File sharing in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Singapore" title="File sharing in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="File sharing in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing#United_States" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">USA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Comparisons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">Comparison of BitTorrent sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">Comparison of eDonkey software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients">Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Usenet_newsreaders" title="Comparison of Usenet newsreaders">Comparison of Usenet newsreaders</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Template:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Template talk:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hyphanet</b> (until mid-2023: <b>Freenet</b><sup id="cite_ref-Hyphanet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyphanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> platform for <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>-resistant, <a href="/wiki/Anonymity_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymity application">anonymous</a> communication. It uses a decentralized <a href="/wiki/Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">distributed data store</a> to keep and deliver information, and has a suite of <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> for publishing and communicating on the Web without fear of censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_Freenet?_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_is_Freenet?-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 151">: 151 </span></sup> Both Freenet and some of its associated tools were originally designed by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Clarke_(computer_scientist)" title="Ian Clarke (computer scientist)">Ian Clarke</a>, who defined Freenet's goal as providing <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> on the Internet with strong anonymity protection.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian-Beckett2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-Beckett2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distributed data store of Freenet is used by many third-party programs and plugins to provide <a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">microblogging</a> and media sharing,<sup id="cite_ref-sone_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sone-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anonymous and decentralised version tracking,<sup id="cite_ref-infocalypse_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infocalypse-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blogging,<sup id="cite_ref-floghelper_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floghelper-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a generic <a href="/wiki/Web_of_trust" title="Web of trust">web of trust</a> for decentralized <a href="/wiki/Anti-spam_techniques" title="Anti-spam techniques">spam resistance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-weboftrust_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weboftrust-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shoeshop for using Freenet over <a href="/wiki/Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">sneakernet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-shoeshop_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shoeshop-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many more. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of Freenet can be traced to Ian Clarke's student project at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, which he completed as a graduation requirement in the summer of 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ian Clarke's resulting unpublished report "A distributed decentralized information storage and retrieval system" (1999) provided foundation for the seminal paper written in collaboration with other researchers, "Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System" (2001).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freenet:_A_Distributed_Anonymous_Information_Storage_and_Retrieval_System_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freenet:_A_Distributed_Anonymous_Information_Storage_and_Retrieval_System-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/CiteSeer" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeer">CiteSeer</a>, it became one of the most frequently cited <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> articles in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freenet can provide anonymity on the Internet by storing small encrypted snippets of content distributed on the computers of its users and connecting only through intermediate computers which pass on requests for content and sending them back without knowing the contents of the full file. This is similar to how <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> on the Internet route <a href="/wiki/Network_packet" title="Network packet">packets</a> without knowing anything about files<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>— except Freenet has caching, a layer of strong encryption, and no reliance on <a href="/wiki/Centralized_computing" title="Centralized computing">centralized structures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Freenet:_A_Distributed_Anonymous_Information_Storage_and_Retrieval_System_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freenet:_A_Distributed_Anonymous_Information_Storage_and_Retrieval_System-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows users to publish anonymously or retrieve various kinds of information.<sup id="cite_ref-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 152">: 152 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_history">Release history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Release history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freenet_darknet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Freenet_darknet.png/220px-Freenet_darknet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Freenet_darknet.png/330px-Freenet_darknet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Freenet_darknet.png/440px-Freenet_darknet.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>The Freenet 0.7 darknet peers list.</figcaption></figure> <p>Freenet has been under continuous development since 2000. </p><p>Freenet 0.7, released on 8 May 2008, is a major re-write incorporating a number of fundamental changes. The most fundamental change is support for <a href="/wiki/Darknet" title="Darknet">darknet</a> operation. Version 0.7 offered two modes of operation: a mode in which it connects only to friends, and an opennet-mode in which it connects to any other Freenet user. Both modes can be run simultaneously. When a user switches to pure darknet operation, Freenet becomes very difficult to detect from the outside. The <a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">transport layer</a> created for the darknet mode allows communication over restricted routes as commonly found in <a href="/wiki/Mesh_networking" title="Mesh networking">mesh networks</a>, as long as these connections follow a <a href="/wiki/Small-world_network" title="Small-world network">small-world</a> structure.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 815–816">: 815–816 </span></sup> Other modifications include switching from <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> to <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a>, which allows <a href="/wiki/UDP_hole_punching" title="UDP hole punching">UDP hole punching</a> along with faster transmission of messages between peers in the network.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freenet 0.7.5, released on 12 June 2009, offers a variety of improvements over 0.7. These include reduced memory usage, faster insert and retrieval of content, significant improvements to the FProxy web interface used for browsing freesites, and a large number of smaller bugfixes, performance enhancements, and usability improvements. Version 0.7.5 also shipped with a new version of the Windows installer.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of build 1226, released on 30 July 2009, features that have been written include significant security improvements against both attackers acting on the network and physical seizure of the computer running the node.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of build 1468, released on 11 July 2015, the Freenet core stopped using the <a href="/wiki/Db4o" title="Db4o">db4o</a> database and laid the foundation for an efficient interface to the Web of Trust plugin which provides spam resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freenet has always been free software, but until 2011 it required users to install <a href="/wiki/Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a>. This problem was solved by making Freenet compatible with <a href="/wiki/OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a>, a free and open source implementation of the Java Platform. </p><p>On 11 February 2015, Freenet received the SUMA-Award for "protection against total surveillance".<sup id="cite_ref-suma_award_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suma_award-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suma_award_recording_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suma_award_recording-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suma_award_heise_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suma_award_heise-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features_and_user_interface">Features and user interface</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Features and user interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freenet served as the model for the Japanese peer to peer file-sharing programs <a href="/wiki/Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Share_(p2p)" class="mw-redirect" title="Share (p2p)">Share</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a>, but this model differs from p2p networks such as <a href="/wiki/Bittorrent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bittorrent">Bittorrent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emule" class="mw-redirect" title="Emule">emule</a>. Freenet separates the underlying network structure and protocol from how users interact with the network; as a result, there are a variety of ways to access content on the Freenet network. The simplest is via FProxy, which is integrated with the node software and provides a web interface to content on the network. Using FProxy, a user can browse freesites (websites that use normal <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and related tools, but whose content is stored within Freenet rather than on a traditional web server). The web interface is also used for most configuration and node management tasks. Through the use of separate applications or plugins loaded into the node software, users can interact with the network in other ways, such as forums similar to web forums or Usenet or interfaces more similar to traditional P2P "filesharing" interfaces. </p><p>While Freenet provides an <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> interface for browsing freesites, it is not a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy</a> for the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>; Freenet can be used to access only the content that has been previously inserted into the Freenet network. In this way, it is more similar to <a href="/wiki/Onion_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Onion services">Tor's onion services</a> than to anonymous proxy software like <a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor's proxy</a>. </p><p>Freenet's focus lies on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">free speech</a> and anonymity. Because of that, Freenet acts differently at certain points that are (directly or indirectly) related to the anonymity part. Freenet attempts to protect the anonymity of both people inserting data into the network (uploading) and those retrieving data from the network (downloading). Unlike file sharing systems, there is no need for the uploader to remain on the network after uploading a file or group of files. Instead, during the upload process, the files are broken into chunks and stored on a variety of other computers on the network. When downloading, those chunks are found and reassembled. Every node on the Freenet network contributes storage space to hold files and bandwidth that it uses to route requests from its peers. </p><p>As a direct result of the anonymity requirements, the node requesting content does not normally connect directly to the node that has it; instead, the request is routed across several intermediaries, none of which know which node made the request or which one had it. As a result, the total bandwidth required by the network to transfer a file is higher than in other systems, which can result in slower transfers, especially for infrequently accessed content. </p><p>Since version 0.7, Freenet offers two different levels of security: opennet and darknet. With opennet, users connect to arbitrary other users. With darknet, users connect only to "friends" with whom they previously exchanged <a href="/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" title="Public-key cryptography">public keys</a>, named node-references. Both modes can be used together. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freenet's founders argue that true freedom of speech comes only with true anonymity and that the beneficial uses of Freenet outweigh its negative uses.<sup id="cite_ref-philosophy_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philosophy-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their view is that free speech, in itself, is not in contradiction with any other consideration—the information is not the crime. Freenet attempts to remove the possibility of any group imposing its beliefs or values on any data. Although many states censor communications to different extents, they all share one commonality in that a body must decide what information to censor and what information to allow. What may be acceptable to one group of people may be considered offensive or even dangerous to another. In essence, the purpose of Freenet is to ensure that no one is allowed to decide what is acceptable. </p><p>Reports of Freenet's use in authoritarian nations is difficult to track due to the very nature of Freenet's goals. One group, <i>Freenet China</i>, used to introduce the Freenet software to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> users starting from 2001 and distribute it within China through e-mails and on disks after the group's website was blocked by the Chinese authorities on the mainland. It was reported that in 2002 <i>Freenet China</i> had several thousand dedicated users.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 70–71">: 70–71 </span></sup> However, Freenet opennet traffic was blocked in China around the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This sounds plausible but would benefit from a source (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_design">Technical design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technical design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">Cryptography</a></div> <p>The Freenet <a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a> network stores documents and allows them to be retrieved later by an associated key, as is now possible with protocols such as <a href="/wiki/HyperText_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperText Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a>. The network is designed to be highly survivable. The system has no central servers and is not subject to the control of any one individual or organization, including the designers of Freenet. The codebase size is over 192,000 <a href="/wiki/Line_of_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of code">lines of code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information stored on Freenet is distributed around the network and stored on several different nodes. Encryption of data and relaying of requests makes it difficult to determine who inserted content into Freenet, who requested that content, or where the content was stored. This protects the anonymity of participants, and also makes it very difficult to censor specific content. Content is stored encrypted, making it difficult for even the operator of a node to determine what is stored on that node. This provides <a href="/wiki/Plausible_deniability" title="Plausible deniability">plausible deniability</a>; which, in combination with request relaying, means that <a href="/wiki/Safe_harbor_(law)" title="Safe harbor (law)">safe harbor</a> laws that protect service providers may also protect Freenet node operators. When asked about the topic, Freenet developers defer to the EFF discussion which says that not being able to filter anything is a safe choice.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distributed_storage_and_caching_of_data">Distributed storage and caching of data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distributed storage and caching of data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like <a href="/wiki/Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a>, Freenet not only transmits data between nodes but actually stores them, working as a huge distributed cache. To achieve this, each node allocates some amount of disk space to store data; this is configurable by the node operator, but is typically several GB (or more). </p><p>Files on Freenet are typically split into multiple small blocks, with duplicate blocks created to provide <a href="/wiki/Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">redundancy</a>. Each block is handled independently, meaning that a single file may have parts stored on many different nodes. </p><p>Information flow in Freenet is different from networks like <a href="/wiki/EMule" title="EMule">eMule</a> or <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent (protocol)">BitTorrent</a>; in Freenet: </p> <ol><li>A user wishing to share a file or update a freesite "inserts" the file "to the network"</li> <li>After "insertion" is finished, the publishing node is free to shut down, because the file is stored in the network. It will remain available for other users whether or not the original publishing node is online. No single node is responsible for the content; instead, it is replicated to many different nodes.</li></ol> <p>Two advantages of this design are high reliability and anonymity. Information remains available even if the publisher node goes offline, and is anonymously spread over many hosting nodes as encrypted blocks, not entire files. </p><p>The key disadvantage of the storage method is that no one node is responsible for any chunk of data. If a piece of data is not retrieved for some time and a node keeps getting new data, it will drop the old data sometime when its allocated disk space is fully used. In this way Freenet tends to 'forget' data which is not retrieved regularly (see also <a href="/wiki/Freenet#Effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Effect</a>). </p><p>While users can insert data into the network, there is no way to delete data. Due to Freenet's anonymous nature the original publishing node or owner of any piece of data is unknown. The only way data can be removed is if users don't request it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network">Network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typically, a host computer on the network runs the software that acts as a node, and it connects to other hosts running that same software to form a large distributed, variable-size network of peer nodes. Some nodes are end user nodes, from which documents are requested and presented to human users. Other nodes serve only to route data. All nodes communicate with each other identically – there are no dedicated "clients" or "servers". It is not possible for a node to rate another node except by its capacity to insert and fetch data associated with a key. This is unlike most other P2P networks where node administrators can employ a ratio system, where users have to share a certain amount of content before they can download. </p><p>Freenet may also be considered a <a href="/wiki/Small_world_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Small world network">small world network</a>. </p><p>The Freenet protocol is intended to be used on a network of complex topology, such as the Internet (<a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a>). Each node knows only about some number of other nodes that it can reach directly (its conceptual "neighbors"), but any node can be a neighbor to any other; no hierarchy or other structure is intended. Each message is routed through the network by passing from neighbor to neighbor until it reaches its destination. As each node passes a message to a neighbor, it does not know whether the neighbor will forward the message to another node, or is the final destination or original source of the message. This is intended to protect the anonymity of users and publishers. </p><p>Each node maintains a data store containing documents associated with keys, and a routing table associating nodes with records of their performance in retrieving different keys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocol">Protocol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg/220px-Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg/330px-Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg/440px-Freenet_Request_Sequence_ZP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>A typical request sequence. The request moves through the network from node to node, backing out of a dead-end (step 3) and a loop (step 7) before locating the desired file.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Freenet protocol uses a <a href="/wiki/Key-based_routing" title="Key-based routing">key-based routing</a> protocol, similar to <a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">distributed hash tables</a>. The routing algorithm changed significantly in version 0.7. Prior to version 0.7, Freenet used a <a href="/wiki/Heuristic_routing" title="Heuristic routing">heuristic routing</a> algorithm where each node had no fixed location, and routing was based on which node had served a key closest to the key being fetched (in version 0.3) or which is estimated to serve it faster (in version 0.5). In either case, new connections were sometimes added to downstream nodes (i.e. the node that answered the request) when requests succeeded, and old nodes were discarded in least recently used order (or something close to it). Oskar Sandberg's research (during the development of version 0.7) shows that this "path folding" is critical, and that a very simple routing algorithm will suffice provided there is path folding. </p><p>The disadvantage of this is that it is very easy for an attacker to find Freenet nodes, and connect to them, because every node is continually attempting to find new connections. In version 0.7, Freenet supports both "opennet" (similar to the old algorithms, but simpler), and "darknet" (all node connections are set up manually, so only your friends know your node's IP address). Darknet is less convenient, but much more secure against a distant attacker. </p><p>This change required major changes in the routing algorithm. Every node has a location, which is a number between 0 and 1. When a key is requested, first the node checks the local data store. If it's not found, the key's hash is turned into another number in the same range, and the request is routed to the node whose location is closest to the key. This goes on until some number of hops is exceeded, there are no more nodes to search, or the data is found. If the data is found, it is cached on each node along the path. So there is no one source node for a key, and attempting to find where it is currently stored will result in it being cached more widely. Essentially the same process is used to insert a document into the network: the data is routed according to the key until it runs out of hops, and if no existing document is found with the same key, it is stored on each node. If older data is found, the older data is propagated and returned to the originator, and the insert "collides". </p><p>But this works only if the locations are clustered in the right way. Freenet assumes that the darknet (a subset of the global social network) is a small-world network, and nodes constantly attempt to swap locations (using the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis%E2%80%93Hastings_algorithm" title="Metropolis–Hastings algorithm">Metropolis–Hastings algorithm</a>) in order to minimize their distance to their neighbors. If the network actually is a small-world network, Freenet should find data reasonably quickly; ideally on the order of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O\left(\left[log\left(n\right)\right]^{2}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O\left(\left[log\left(n\right)\right]^{2}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff34248defcfcac203465deb84e8ad822fa0087a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.812ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O\left(\left[log\left(n\right)\right]^{2}\right)}"></span> hops in <a href="/wiki/Big_O_notation" title="Big O notation">Big O notation</a>. However, it does not guarantee that data will be found at all.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke2010_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke2010-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, either the document is found or the hop limit is exceeded. The terminal node sends a reply that makes its way back to the originator along the route specified by the intermediate nodes' records of pending requests. The intermediate nodes may choose to cache the document along the way. Besides saving bandwidth, this also makes documents harder to censor as there is no one "source node". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect">Effect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Effect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freenet_datastore_specialisation.ani.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Freenet_datastore_specialisation.ani.gif" decoding="async" width="450" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>The effect of the node specialising on the particular location.</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, the locations in darknet are distributed randomly. This means that routing of requests is essentially random. In opennet connections are established by a join request which provides an optimized network structure if the existing network is already optimized.<sup id="cite_ref-Roos2014_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roos2014-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So the data in a newly started Freenet will be distributed somewhat randomly.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As location swapping (on darknet) and path folding (on opennet) progress, nodes which are close to one another will increasingly have close locations, and nodes which are far away will have distant locations. Data with similar keys will be stored on the same node.<sup id="cite_ref-Roos2014_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roos2014-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The result is that the network will self-organize into a distributed, clustered structure where nodes tend to hold data items that are close together in key space. There will probably be multiple such clusters throughout the network, any given document being replicated numerous times, depending on how much it is used. This is a kind of "<a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking" title="Spontaneous symmetry breaking">spontaneous symmetry breaking</a>", in which an initially symmetric state (all nodes being the same, with random initial keys for each other) leads to a highly asymmetric situation, with nodes coming to specialize in data that has closely related keys.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are forces which tend to cause clustering (shared closeness data spreads throughout the network), and forces that tend to break up clusters (local caching of commonly used data). These forces will be different depending on how often data is used, so that seldom-used data will tend to be on just a few nodes which specialize in providing that data, and frequently used items will be spread widely throughout the network. This automatic mirroring counteracts the times when <a href="/wiki/Web_traffic" title="Web traffic">web traffic</a> becomes overloaded, and due to a mature network's intelligent routing, a network of size <i>n</i> should require only log(<i>n</i>) time to retrieve a document on average.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keys">Keys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Keys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keys are <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hashes</a>: there is no notion of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_closeness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic closeness (page does not exist)">semantic closeness</a> when speaking of key closeness. Therefore, there will be no correlation between key closeness and similar popularity of data as there might be if keys did exhibit some semantic meaning, thus avoiding bottlenecks caused by popular subjects. </p><p>There are two main varieties of keys in use on Freenet, the Content Hash Key (CHK) and the Signed Subspace Key (SSK). A subtype of SSKs is the Updatable Subspace Key (USK) which adds versioning to allow secure updating of content. </p><p>A CHK is a <a href="/wiki/SHA-256" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA-256">SHA-256</a> hash of a document (after encryption, which itself depends on the hash of the plaintext) and thus a node can check that the document returned is correct by hashing it and checking the digest against the key. This key contains the meat of the data on Freenet. It carries all the binary data building blocks for the content to be delivered to the client for reassembly and decryption. The CHK is unique by nature and provides tamperproof content. A hostile node altering the data under a CHK will immediately be detected by the next node or the client. CHKs also reduce the redundancy of data since the same data will have the same CHK and when multiple sites reference the same large files, they can reference to the same CHK.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SSKs are based on public-key cryptography. Currently Freenet uses the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm" title="Digital Signature Algorithm">DSA</a> algorithm. Documents inserted under SSKs are signed by the inserter, and this signature can be verified by every node to ensure that the data is not tampered with. SSKs can be used to establish a verifiable <a href="/wiki/Pseudonymity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudonymity">pseudonymous</a> identity on Freenet, and allow for multiple documents to be inserted securely by a single person. Files inserted with an SSK are effectively <a href="/wiki/Immutable_object" title="Immutable object">immutable</a>, since inserting a second file with the same name can cause collisions. USKs resolve this by adding a version number to the keys which is also used for providing update notification for keys registered as bookmarks in the web interface.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another subtype of the SSK is the Keyword Signed Key, or KSK, in which the key pair is generated in a standard way from a simple human-readable string. Inserting a document using a KSK allows the document to be retrieved and decrypted if and only if the requester knows the human-readable string; this allows for more convenient (but less secure) <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URIs</a> for users to refer to.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scalability">Scalability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Scalability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Computer_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer networking">network</a> is said to be scalable if its performance does not deteriorate even if the network is very large. The scalability of Freenet is being evaluated, but similar architectures have been shown to scale logarithmically.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work indicates that Freenet can find data in <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle O(\log ^{2}n)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle O(\log ^{2}n)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fffd24c1c4dc51509ec642f02b4b8d2ca1853d8f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.39ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle O(\log ^{2}n)}"></span> hops on a small-world network (which includes both opennet and darknet style Freenet networks), when ignoring the caching which could improve the scalability for popular content. However, this scalability is difficult to test without a very large network. Furthermore, the security features inherent to Freenet make detailed performance analysis (including things as simple as determining the size of the network) difficult to do accurately. As of now, the scalability of Freenet has yet to be tested. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darknet_versus_opennet">Darknet versus opennet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Darknet versus opennet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of version 0.7, Freenet supports both "darknet" and "opennet" connections. Opennet connections are made automatically by nodes with opennet enabled, while darknet connections are manually established between users that know and trust each other. Freenet developers describe the trust needed as "will not crack their Freenet node".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opennet connections are easy to use, but darknet connections are more secure against attackers on the network, and can make it difficult for an attacker (such as an oppressive government) to even determine that a user is running Freenet in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The core innovation in Freenet 0.7 is to allow a globally scalable darknet, capable (at least in theory) of supporting millions of users. Previous darknets, such as <a href="/wiki/WASTE" title="WASTE">WASTE</a>, have been limited to relatively small disconnected networks. The scalability of Freenet is made possible by the fact that human relationships tend to form small-world networks, a property that can be exploited to find short paths between any two people. The work is based on a speech given at <a href="/wiki/DEF_CON_(convention)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEF CON (convention)">DEF CON 13</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Clarke_(computer_scientist)" title="Ian Clarke (computer scientist)">Ian Clarke</a> and Swedish mathematician <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Sandberg" title="Oskar Sandberg">Oskar Sandberg</a>. Furthermore, the routing algorithm is capable of routing over a mixture of opennet and darknet connections, allowing people who have only a few friends using the network to get the performance from having sufficient connections while still receiving some of the security benefits of darknet connections. This also means that small darknets where some users also have opennet connections are fully integrated into the whole Freenet network, allowing all users access to all content, whether they run opennet, darknet, or a hybrid of the two, except for darknet pockets connected only by a single hybrid node.<sup id="cite_ref-Roos2014_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roos2014-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools_and_applications">Tools and applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tools and applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frost_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Frost_screenshot.png/220px-Frost_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Frost_screenshot.png/330px-Frost_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Frost_screenshot.png/440px-Frost_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of Frost running on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike many other P2P applications Freenet does not provide comprehensive functionality itself. Freenet is modular and features an <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> called Freenet Client Protocol (FCP) for other programs to use to implement services such as <a href="/wiki/Message_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="Message boards">message boards</a>, file sharing, or <a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">online chat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Freenet Messaging System (FMS)</b> </p> <dl><dd>FMS was designed to address problems with Frost such as <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-Service_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial-of-Service attack">denial of service</a> attacks and spam. Users publish trust lists, and each user downloads messages only from identities they trust and identities trusted by identities they trust. FMS is developed anonymously and can be downloaded from <i>the FMS freesite</i> within Freenet. It does not have an official site on the normal Internet. It features random post delay, support for many identities, and a distinction between trusting a user's posts and trusting their trust list. It is written in C++ and is a separate application from Freenet which uses the Freenet Client Protocol (FCP) to interface with Freenet.</dd></dl> <p><b>Frost</b> </p> <dl><dd>Frost includes support for convenient file sharing, but its design is inherently vulnerable to spam and <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-Service_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial-of-Service attack">denial of service</a> attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frost can be downloaded from the Frost home page on SourceForge, or from <i>the Frost freesite</i> within Freenet. It is not endorsed by the Freenet developers. Frost is written in Java and is a separate application from Freenet.</dd></dl> <p><b>Sone</b> </p> <dl><dd>Sone provides a simpler interface inspired by Facebook<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with public anonymous discussions and image galleries. It provides an API for control from other programs<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also used to implement a comment system for static websites in the regular internet.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>jSite</b> </p> <dl><dd>jSite is a tool to upload websites. It handles keys and manages uploading files.</dd></dl> <p><b>Infocalypse</b> </p> <dl><dd>Infocalypse is an extension for the distributed revision control system <a href="/wiki/Mercurial" title="Mercurial">Mercurial</a>. It uses an optimized structure to minimize the number of requests to retrieve new data, and allows supporting a repository by securely reuploading most parts of the data without requiring the owner's private keys.<sup id="cite_ref-infocalypse-info_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infocalypse-info-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>FCPLib</b> </p> <dl><dd>FCPLib (Freenet Client Protocol Library) aims to be a <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> natively <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiled</a> set of <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>-based functions for storing and retrieving information to and from Freenet. FCPLib supports Windows NT/2K/XP, <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>.</dd></dl> <p><b>lib-pyFreenet</b> </p> <dl><dd>lib-pyFreenet exposes Freenet functionality to <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> programs. Infocalypse uses it.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulnerabilities">Vulnerabilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Vulnerabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law enforcement agencies have claimed to have successfully infiltrated Freenet opennet in order to deanonymize users<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no technical details have been given to support these allegations. One report stated that, "A <a href="/wiki/Child_porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Child porn">child-porn</a> investigation focused on ... [the suspect] when the authorities were monitoring the online network, Freenet."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A different report indicated arrests may have been based on the BlackICE project leaks, that are debunked for using bad math<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for using an incorrectly calculated false positives rate and a false model.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A court case in the Peel Region of Ontario, <i>Canada R. v. Owen</i>, 2017 ONCJ 729 (CanLII), illustrated that law enforcement do in fact have a presence, after Peel Regional Police located who had been downloading illegal material on the Freenet network.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court decision indicates that a Canadian Law Enforcement agency operates nodes running modified Freenet software in the hope of determining who is requesting illegal material. </p> <ul><li><b>Routing Table Insertion</b> (RTI) Attack<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notability">Notability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freenet has had significant publicity in the mainstream press, including articles in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, and coverage on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes_II" title="60 Minutes II">60 Minutes II</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian-Beckett2009_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-Beckett2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and elsewhere. </p><p>Freenet received the SUMA-Award 2014 for "protection against total surveillance".<sup id="cite_ref-suma_award_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suma_award-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suma_award_recording_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suma_award_recording-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-suma_award_heise_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suma_award_heise-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freesite">Freesite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Freesite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A "freesite" is a site hosted on the Freenet network. Because it contains only static content, it cannot contain any active content like server-side scripts or databases. Freesites are coded in HTML and support as many features as the browser viewing the page allows; however, there are some exceptions where the Freenet software will remove parts of the code that may be used to reveal the identity of the person viewing the page (making a page access something on the internet, for example). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Peer-to-peer web hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_protocol" title="Rendezvous protocol">Rendezvous protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypherpunk" title="Cypherpunk">Cypherpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed file system">Distributed file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparable_software">Comparable software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Comparable software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">InterPlanetary File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Anon_Proxy" title="Java Anon Proxy">Java Anon Proxy</a> (also known as JonDonym)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_(Serverless_Portal_System)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osiris (Serverless Portal System)">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a> – also creates a distributed data store shared by anonymous nodes; the successor to <a href="/wiki/Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share</a>, which itself is the successor of <a href="/wiki/Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoe-LAFS" title="Tahoe-LAFS">Tahoe-LAFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-People-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-People_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053414/https://freenetproject.org/people.html">"People"</a>. Freenet: The Free Network official website. 22 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/people.html">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People&rft.pub=Freenet%3A+The+Free+Network+official+website&rft.date=2008-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreenetproject.org%2Fpeople.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-05d5dd0219b998e8377bd7dab81e0ca7cb6c272d-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-05d5dd0219b998e8377bd7dab81e0ca7cb6c272d-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hyphanet.org/freenet-hyphanet-build-1498-debian-package-optimized-networking-layer-richer-websites-ux-safety.html">"Freenet / Hyphanet build 1498: Debian Package, Optimized Networking Layer, Richer Websites, UX, Safety"</a>. 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freenet+%2F+Hyphanet+build+1498%3A+Debian+Package%2C+Optimized+Networking+Layer%2C+Richer+Websites%2C+UX%2C+Safety&rft.date=2024-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hyphanet.org%2Ffreenet-hyphanet-build-1498-debian-package-optimized-networking-layer-richer-websites-ux-safety.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/freenet/fred/tree/master/src/freenet/l10n">Language specific versions of Freenet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180207061812/https://github.com/freenet/fred/tree/master/src/freenet/l10n">Archived</a> 7 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>GitHub: Freenet</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hyphanet-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hyphanet_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hyphanet.org/freenet-renamed-to-hyphanet.html">Freenet renamed to Hyphanet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-What_is_Freenet?-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-What_is_Freenet?_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/whatis.html">What is Freenet?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916012340/https://freenetproject.org/whatis.html">Archived</a> 16 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Freenet: The Free network official website</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peers_in_a_Client/Server_World,_2005_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Ian J. <i>From P2P to Web Services and Grids: Peers in a Client/Server World</i>. London: Springer, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Cohen, Adam (26 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708213917/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997286,00.html">"The Infoanarchist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997286,00.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Infoanarchist&rft.date=2000-06-26&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C997286%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian-Beckett2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian-Beckett2009_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian-Beckett2009_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckett2009" class="citation news cs1">Beckett, Andy (26 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/dark-side-internet-freenet">"The dark side of the internet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908073158/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/dark-side-internet-freenet">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+dark+side+of+the+internet&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2009%2Fnov%2F26%2Fdark-side-internet-freenet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519101142/http://blog.locut.us/2009/11/26/the-guardian-writes-about-freenet/">"The Guardian writes about Freenet (Ian Clarke's response)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.locut.us/2009/11/26/the-guardian-writes-about-freenet/">the original</a> on 19 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Guardian+writes+about+Freenet+%28Ian+Clarke%27s+response%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.locut.us%2F2009%2F11%2F26%2Fthe-guardian-writes-about-freenet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sone-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sone_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://draketo.de/licht/freie-software/freenet/sone-pseudonymes-microblogging">"Sone: Pseudonymes Microblogging über Freenet"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005053905/http://draketo.de/licht/freie-software/freenet/sone-pseudonymes-microblogging">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sone%3A+Pseudonymes+Microblogging+%C3%BCber+Freenet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdraketo.de%2Flicht%2Ffreie-software%2Ffreenet%2Fsone-pseudonymes-microblogging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span>, German article, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infocalypse-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-infocalypse_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/Infocalypse">"Infoclypse"</a>. Wiki. <i><a href="/wiki/Mercurial" title="Mercurial">Mercurial</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103010527/https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/Infocalypse">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercurial&rft.atitle=Infoclypse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurial-scm.org%2Fwiki%2FInfocalypse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-floghelper-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-floghelper_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/freenet/plugin-FlogHelper-staging">"Flog Helper: Easy Blogging over Freenet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 7 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205041917/https://github.com/freenet/plugin-FlogHelper">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Flog+Helper%3A+Easy+Blogging+over+Freenet&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ffreenet%2Fplugin-FlogHelper-staging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weboftrust-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weboftrust_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.freenetproject.org/WoT">"Web of Trust"</a>. 7 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208180619/https://wiki.freenetproject.org/WoT">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+of+Trust&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.freenetproject.org%2FWoT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/hyphanet/wiki/wiki/Web-Of-Trust">"Web Of Trust"</a>. <i>GitHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Web+Of+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fhyphanet%2Fwiki%2Fwiki%2FWeb-Of-Trust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shoeshop-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shoeshop_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freenet over Sneakernet. Freenet Key: USK@MYLAnId-ZEyXhDGGbYOa1gOtkZZrFNTXjFl1dibLj9E,Xpu27DoAKKc8b0718E-ZteFrGqCYROe7XBBJI57pB4M,AQACAAE/Shoeshop/2/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2000" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (10 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/10/business/cyberspace-programmers-confront-copyright-laws.html">"Cyberspace Programmers Confront Copyright Laws"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170217084607/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/10/business/cyberspace-programmers-confront-copyright-laws.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cyberspace+Programmers+Confront+Copyright+Laws&rft.date=2000-05-10&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F05%2F10%2Fbusiness%2Fcyberspace-programmers-confront-copyright-laws.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1216486.stm">"Coders prepare son of Napster"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 March 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104024058/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1216486.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coders+prepare+son+of+Napster&rft.date=2001-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F1216486.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/12/19/internet.freedom/index.html?iref=allsearch">"Fighting for free speech on the Net"</a>. CNN. 19 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200717/http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/12/19/internet.freedom/index.html?iref=allsearch">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fighting+for+free+speech+on+the+Net&rft.date=2005-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2005%2FTECH%2F12%2F19%2Finternet.freedom%2Findex.html%3Firef%3Dallsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Clarke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/papers/ddisrs.pdf">A distributed decentralised information storage and retrieval system</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316102156/https://freenetproject.org/papers/ddisrs.pdf">Archived</a> 16 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Freenet+0.7+soll+globales+Darknet+schaffen&rft.date=2006-04-04&rft.aulast=Ihlenfeld&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2F0604%2F44448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/news.html#freenet-0-7-5-released">release information for Freenet 0.7.5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011927/https://freenetproject.org/news.html#freenet-0-7-5-released">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, last accessed 17 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/news.html#build1226">release information for Freenet build 1226</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011927/https://freenetproject.org/news.html#build1226">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, last accessed 17 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/news.html#20150711-1468-release">Freenet 1468 release notes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011927/https://freenetproject.org/news.html#20150711-1468-release">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suma_award-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suma_award_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suma_award_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suma-awards.de/en/index.html">SUMA Award</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320201527/http://suma-awards.de/en/index.html">Archived</a> 20 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 11 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suma_award_recording-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suma_award_recording_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suma_award_recording_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZpsBSPsHDI">recording of the SUMA Award Ceremony 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905121823/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZpsBSPsHDI&app=desktop">Archived</a> 5 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published on 14 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suma_award_heise-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suma_award_heise_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suma_award_heise_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/SUMA-Award-fuer-das-Freenet-Project-2548577.html">SUMA Award für das Freenet Projekt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152732/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/SUMA-Award-fuer-das-Freenet-Project-2548577.html">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Jo Bager in Heise online, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philosophy-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-philosophy_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430201105/http://freenetproject.org/philosophy.html">"The Philosophy behind Freenet"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=networxsecurity.org&rft.atitle=FreeNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.networxsecurity.org%2Fmembers-area%2Fglossary%2Ff%2Ffreenet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/freenet/lib-pyFreenet/blob/b78aea05222c4afe5145d8b529d2a54d4b93887a/fcp/sitemgr.py#L976">"freesitemgr, code for inserting files as CHK, fixed revision"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205041918/https://github.com/freenet/pyFreenet/blob/b78aea05222c4afe5145d8b529d2a54d4b93887a/fcp/sitemgr.py#L976">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=freesitemgr%2C+code+for+inserting+files+as+CHK%2C+fixed+revision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ffreenet%2Flib-pyFreenet%2Fblob%2Fb78aea05222c4afe5145d8b529d2a54d4b93887a%2Ffcp%2Fsitemgr.py%23L976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabenhauserheide" class="citation web cs1">Babenhauserheide, Arne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://draketo.de/light/english/freenet/usk-and-date-hints">"USK and Date-Hints: Finding the newest version of a site in Freenet's immutable datastore"</a>. <i>draketo.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208101405/http://draketo.de/light/english/freenet/usk-and-date-hints">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=draketo.de&rft.atitle=USK+and+Date-Hints%3A+Finding+the+newest+version+of+a+site+in+Freenet%27s+immutable+datastore&rft.aulast=Babenhauserheide&rft.aufirst=Arne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdraketo.de%2Flight%2Fenglish%2Ffreenet%2Fusk-and-date-hints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabenhauserheide" class="citation web cs1">Babenhauserheide, Arne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://draketo.de/light/english/freenet/effortless-password-protected-sharing-files">"Effortless password protected sharing of files via Freenet"</a>. <i>draketo.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910030851/http://draketo.de/light/english/freenet/effortless-password-protected-sharing-files">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=draketo.de&rft.atitle=Effortless+password+protected+sharing+of+files+via+Freenet&rft.aulast=Babenhauserheide&rft.aufirst=Arne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdraketo.de%2Flight%2Fenglish%2Ffreenet%2Feffortless-password-protected-sharing-files&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinberg2000" class="citation book cs1">Kleinberg, Jon (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/swn.pdf">"The Small-World Phenomenon: An Algorithmic Perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the thirty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing</i>. pp. 163–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F335305.335325">10.1145/335305.335325</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58113-184-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58113-184-0"><bdi>978-1-58113-184-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221559836">221559836</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112052807/http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/swn.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Small-World+Phenomenon%3A+An+Algorithmic+Perspective&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+thirty-second+annual+ACM+symposium+on+Theory+of+computing&rft.pages=163-70&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221559836%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F335305.335325&rft.isbn=978-1-58113-184-0&rft.aulast=Kleinberg&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cornell.edu%2Fhome%2Fkleinber%2Fswn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007012112/https://d6.gnutella2.info/freenet/USK@sUm3oJISSEU4pl2Is9qa1eRoCLyz6r2LPkEqlXc3~oc,yBEbf-IJrcB8Pe~gAd53DEEHgbugUkFSHtzzLqnYlbs,AQACAAE/random_babcom/156/#Requiredtrustforformingadarknetconnection">"Required trust for forming a darknet connection"</a>. <i>random_babcom</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d6.gnutella2.info/freenet/USK@sUm3oJISSEU4pl2Is9qa1eRoCLyz6r2LPkEqlXc3~oc,yBEbf-IJrcB8Pe~gAd53DEEHgbugUkFSHtzzLqnYlbs,AQACAAE/random_babcom/156/#Requiredtrustforformingadarknetconnection">the original</a> on 7 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=random_babcom&rft.atitle=Required+trust+for+forming+a+darknet+connection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd6.gnutella2.info%2Ffreenet%2FUSK%40sUm3oJISSEU4pl2Is9qa1eRoCLyz6r2LPkEqlXc3~oc%2CyBEbf-IJrcB8Pe~gAd53DEEHgbugUkFSHtzzLqnYlbs%2CAQACAAE%2Frandom_babcom%2F156%2F%23Requiredtrustforformingadarknetconnection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.golem.de/0805/59592.html">"Darknet-Fähigkeiten sollen Softwarenutzung verbergen"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Darknet-F%C3%A4higkeiten+sollen+Softwarenutzung+verbergen&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2F0805%2F59592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freesocial.draketo.de/">Freenet Social Networking guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150815123435/http://freesocial.draketo.de/">Archived</a> 15 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Justus Ranvier, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mail-archive.com/devl@freenetproject.org/msg17363.html">Developer discussion about fixing Frost shortcomings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033622/https://www.mail-archive.com/devl@freenetproject.org/msg17363.html">Archived</a> 1 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Matthew Toseland, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flattr.com/thing/81996/Sone-The-Freenet-Social-Network-Plugin">description of Sone by its developer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042007/https://flattr.com/thing/81996/Sone-The-Freenet-Social-Network-Plugin">Archived</a> 1 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "it's a Facebook clone on top of Freenet", retrieved 15 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.freenetproject.org/Sone">Sone in Freenet Wiki</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812111038/https://wiki.freenetproject.org/Sone">Archived</a> 12 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, with the description of the FCP API, retrieved 14 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://draketo.de/proj/freecom/">babcom description</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511180725/http://draketo.de/proj/freecom/">Archived</a> 11 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "it submits a search request on your local Sone instance by creating an iframe with the right URL", 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d6.gnutella2.info/freenet/USK@nwa8lHa271k2QvJ8aa0Ov7IHAV-DFOCFgmDt3X6BpCI,DuQSUZiI~agF8c-6tjsFFGuZ8eICrzWCILB60nT8KKo,AQACAAE/sone/71/">"Sone"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002144720/https://d6.gnutella2.info/freenet/USK@nwa8lHa271k2QvJ8aa0Ov7IHAV-DFOCFgmDt3X6BpCI,DuQSUZiI~agF8c-6tjsFFGuZ8eICrzWCILB60nT8KKo,AQACAAE/sone/71/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd6.gnutella2.info%2Ffreenet%2FUSK%40nwa8lHa271k2QvJ8aa0Ov7IHAV-DFOCFgmDt3X6BpCI%2CDuQSUZiI~agF8c-6tjsFFGuZ8eICrzWCILB60nT8KKo%2CAQACAAE%2Fsone%2F71%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infocalypse-info-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-infocalypse-info_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://draketo.de/light/english/freenet/infocalypse-mercurial-survive-the-information-apocalypse#advocacy">"Information about infocalypse. A mirror of the included documentation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127055008/http://draketo.de/light/english/freenet/infocalypse-mercurial-survive-the-information-apocalypse#advocacy">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+about+infocalypse.+A+mirror+of+the+included+documentation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdraketo.de%2Flight%2Fenglish%2Ffreenet%2Finfocalypse-mercurial-survive-the-information-apocalypse%23advocacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolpenheim2015" class="citation news cs1">Volpenheim, Sarah (18 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/predators-police-in-online-struggle">"Predators, police in online struggle"</a>. <i>The Dickinson Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230234948/https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/predators-police-in-online-struggle">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dickinson+Press&rft.atitle=Predators%2C+police+in+online+struggle&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft.aulast=Volpenheim&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedickinsonpress.com%2Fnews%2Fpredators-police-in-online-struggle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/03/man-jailed-indefinitely-for-refusing-to-decrypt-hard-drives-loses-appeal/">"Man jailed indefinitely for refusing to decrypt hard drives loses appeal"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. 20 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321062227/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/03/man-jailed-indefinitely-for-refusing-to-decrypt-hard-drives-loses-appeal/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Man+jailed+indefinitely+for+refusing+to+decrypt+hard+drives+loses+appeal&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ftech-policy%2F2017%2F03%2Fman-jailed-indefinitely-for-refusing-to-decrypt-hard-drives-loses-appeal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freenetproject.org/police-departments-tracking-efforts-based-on-false-statistics.html">"Police department's tracking efforts based on false statistics"</a>. <i>freenetproject.org</i>. 26 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205041920/https://freenetproject.org/police-departments-tracking-efforts-based-on-false-statistics.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freenetproject.org&rft.atitle=Police+department%27s+tracking+efforts+based+on+false+statistics&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreenetproject.org%2Fpolice-departments-tracking-efforts-based-on-false-statistics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.draketo.de/software/levine-2017-errors">"Errors in the Levine 2017 paper on attacks against Freenet"</a>. <i>draketo.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414044800/https://www.draketo.de/software/levine-2017-errors">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=draketo.de&rft.atitle=Errors+in+the+Levine+2017+paper+on+attacks+against+Freenet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.draketo.de%2Fsoftware%2Flevine-2017-errors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canlii.org/en/on/oncj/doc/2017/2017oncj729/2017oncj729.html">"CanLII - 2017 ONCJ 729 (CanLII)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117201444/https://www.canlii.org/en/on/oncj/doc/2017/2017oncj729/2017oncj729.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CanLII+-+2017+ONCJ+729+%28CanLII%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canlii.org%2Fen%2Fon%2Foncj%2Fdoc%2F2017%2F2017oncj729%2F2017oncj729.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261061477">"A Routing Table Insertion (RTI) Attack on Freenet"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205041920/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261061477_A_Routing_Table_Insertion_RTI_Attack_on_Freenet">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Routing+Table+Insertion+%28RTI%29+Attack+on+Freenet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F261061477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphanet&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeMillerHongSandberg2002" class="citation journal cs1">Clarke, I.; Miller, S.G.; Hong, T.W.; Sandberg, O.; Wiley, B. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~twh1/longitude/papers/ieee-final.pdf">"Protecting free expression online with Freenet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IEEE Internet Computing</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 40–9. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.9143">10.1.1.21.9143</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F4236.978368">10.1109/4236.978368</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040720044931/http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~twh1/longitude/papers/ieee-final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 July 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Internet+Computing&rft.atitle=Protecting+free+expression+online+with+Freenet&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=40-9&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.21.9143%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F4236.978368&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Miller%2C+S.G.&rft.au=Hong%2C+T.W.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+O.&rft.au=Wiley%2C+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.ic.ac.uk%2F~twh1%2Flongitude%2Fpapers%2Fieee-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVon_KroghSpaethLakhani2003" class="citation journal cs1">Von Krogh, Georg; Spaeth, Sebastian; Lakhani, Karim R (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/30623/1/Community%2C%20joining%2C%20and%20specialization%20in%20open%20source%20software%20innovation%20-%20a%20case%20study.pdf">"Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: A case study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Research Policy</i>. <b>32</b> (7): 1217–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0048-7333%2803%2900050-7">10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00050-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720115900/https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/30623/1/Community%2C%20joining%2C%20and%20specialization%20in%20open%20source%20software%20innovation%20-%20a%20case%20study.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Policy&rft.atitle=Community%2C+joining%2C+and+specialization+in+open+source+software+innovation%3A+A+case+study&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1217-41&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0048-7333%2803%2900050-7&rft.aulast=Von+Krogh&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.au=Spaeth%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Lakhani%2C+Karim+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexandria.unisg.ch%2F30623%2F1%2FCommunity%252C%2520joining%252C%2520and%2520specialization%2520in%2520open%2520source%2520software%2520innovation%2520-%2520a%2520case%2520study.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDingledineFreedmanMolnar2001" class="citation book cs1">Dingledine, Roger; Freedman, Michael J.; Molnar, David (2001). "The Free Haven Project: Distributed Anonymous Storage Service". <i>Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 67–95. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.420.478">10.1.1.420.478</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-44702-4_5">10.1007/3-540-44702-4_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-41724-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-41724-8"><bdi>978-3-540-41724-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Free+Haven+Project%3A+Distributed+Anonymous+Storage+Service&rft.btitle=Designing+Privacy+Enhancing+Technologies&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&rft.pages=67-95&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.420.478%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F3-540-44702-4_5&rft.isbn=978-3-540-41724-8&rft.aulast=Dingledine&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Molnar%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeSandbergWileyHong2001" class="citation book cs1">Clarke, Ian; Sandberg, Oskar; Wiley, Brandon; Hong, Theodore W. (2001). "Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System". <i>Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 46–66. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.4923">10.1.1.26.4923</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-44702-4_4">10.1007/3-540-44702-4_4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-41724-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-41724-8"><bdi>978-3-540-41724-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Freenet%3A+A+Distributed+Anonymous+Information+Storage+and+Retrieval+System&rft.btitle=Designing+Privacy+Enhancing+Technologies&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&rft.pages=46-66&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.26.4923%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F3-540-44702-4_4&rft.isbn=978-3-540-41724-8&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+Oskar&rft.au=Wiley%2C+Brandon&rft.au=Hong%2C+Theodore+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiehl2000" class="citation journal cs1">Riehl, Damien A. (2000). "Peer-to-Peer Distribution Systems: Will Napster, Gnutella, and Freenet Create a Copyright Nirvana or Gehenna?". <i>The William Mitchell Law Review</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 1761.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+William+Mitchell+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Peer-to-Peer+Distribution+Systems%3A+Will+Napster%2C+Gnutella%2C+and+Freenet+Create+a+Copyright+Nirvana+or+Gehenna%3F&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1761&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Riehl&rft.aufirst=Damien+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoemer2002" class="citation journal cs1">Roemer, Ryan (Fall 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lawtechjournal.com/articles/2002/05_021229_roemer.php">"The Digital Evolution: Freenet and the Future of Copyright on the Internet"</a>. <i>UCLA Journal of Law and Technology</i>. <b>5</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Journal+of+Law+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+Digital+Evolution%3A+Freenet+and+the+Future+of+Copyright+on+the+Internet&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=5&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Roemer&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawtechjournal.com%2Farticles%2F2002%2F05_021229_roemer.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunLiuFeng2005" class="citation journal cs1">Sun, Xiaoqing; Liu, Baoxu; Feng, Dengguo (2005). "Analysis of Next Generation Routing of Freenet". <i>Computer Engineering</i> (17): 126–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Engineering&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Next+Generation+Routing+of+Freenet&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=126-8&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Xiaoqing&rft.au=Liu%2C+Baoxu&rft.au=Feng%2C+Dengguo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyphanet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHui_ZhangGoelGovindan2002" class="citation book cs1">Hui Zhang; Goel, Ashish; Govindan, Ramesh (2002). "Using the small-world model to improve Freenet performance". <i>INFOCOM 2002: Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies</i>. Vol. 3. pp. 1228–37. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.74.7011">10.1.1.74.7011</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FINFCOM.2002.1019373">10.1109/INFCOM.2002.1019373</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7803-7476-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7803-7476-8"><bdi>978-0-7803-7476-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13182323">13182323</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_sharing" title="Template talk:File sharing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:File_sharing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:File sharing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer-to-peer file sharing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networks</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_(protocol)" title="Direct Connect (protocol)">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soribada" title="Soribada">Soribada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decentralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dat_(software)" title="Dat (software)">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastTrack" title="FastTrack">FastTrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fopnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fopnu">Fopnu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyphanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad_network" title="Kad network">Kad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBRY" title="LBRY">LBRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiFT#OpenFT_protocol" title="GiFT">OpenFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiogalaxy" title="Audiogalaxy">Audiogalaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CuteMX" title="CuteMX">CuteMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpheus_(software)" title="Morpheus (software)">Morpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scour_Inc." title="Scour Inc.">Scour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WASTE" title="WASTE">WASTE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons<br />of <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">clients</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ADC_Software#Client_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of ADC Software">Advanced Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Direct_Connect_software" title="Comparison of Direct Connect software">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella#Gnutella_features" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2#Comparison" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hyperlinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed2k_URI_scheme" title="Ed2k URI scheme">eD2k</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalink" title="Metalink">Metalink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backup" title="Backup">Backup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Disk sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Game and video sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peercasting" title="Peercasting">Peercasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing#In_computer_and_Internet_culture" title="Sharing">Sharing software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freenet#Freesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freesite</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Privacy" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Privacy_in_file_sharing_networks" title="Privacy in file sharing networks">Privacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darknet" title="Darknet">Darknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkweb">Darkweb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_P2P" class="mw-redirect" title="Private P2P">Private P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed hash table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkle_tree" title="Merkle tree">Merkle tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAT_traversal" title="NAT traversal">NAT traversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">Peer exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">BitTorrent protocol encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHA-1" title="SHA-1">SHA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHA-2" title="SHA-2">SHA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDP_hole_punching" title="UDP hole punching">UDP hole punching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">Micro Transport Protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" title="Template:Internet censorship circumvention technologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" title="Template talk:Internet censorship circumvention technologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet censorship circumvention technologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention" title="Internet censorship circumvention">Internet censorship circumvention</a> technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_intranet" title="National intranet">National intranet</a></li></ul></li> <li>Censorship and blocking technologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IP_address_blocking" title="IP address blocking">IP address blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_spoofing" title="DNS spoofing">DNS cache poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordfilter" title="Wordfilter">Wordfilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall of China</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blocks on specific websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_GitHub" title="Censorship of GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Wikipedia" title="Censorship of Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_proxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Web proxies">Web proxies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_auto-config" title="Proxy auto-config">PAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Without a proxy server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6_transition_mechanism" title="IPv6 transition mechanism">IPv6 transition mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosts_(file)" title="Hosts (file)">hosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt">DNSCrypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_fronting" title="Domain fronting">Domain fronting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refraction_networking" title="Refraction networking">Refraction networking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-censorship software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psiphon" title="Psiphon">Psiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowsocks" title="Shadowsocks">Shadowsocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_VPN" title="Outline VPN">Outline VPN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GoAgent" title="GoAgent">GoAgent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PirateBox" title="PirateBox">PirateBox</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftEther_VPN" title="SoftEther VPN">VPN Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WireGuard" title="WireGuard">WireGuard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lantern_(software)" title="Lantern (software)">Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freegate" title="Freegate">Freegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasurf" title="Ultrasurf">Ultrasurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_Shield" title="Hotspot Shield">Hotspot Shield</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telex_(anti-censorship_system)" title="Telex (anti-censorship system)">Telex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxify" title="Proxify">Proxify</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Browser extensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(software)" title="Snowflake (software)">Snowflake</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UProxy" title="UProxy">uProxy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anonymity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anonymous software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Anon_Proxy" title="Java Anon Proxy">JAP (JonDonym)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_proxy" title="Flash proxy">Flash proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixmaster_anonymous_remailer" title="Mixmaster anonymous remailer">Mixmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a> network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StealthNet" title="StealthNet">StealthNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical circumvention methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">Sneakernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_dead_drop" title="USB dead drop">USB dead drop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relevant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GreatFire" title="GreatFire">GreatFire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeWeibo" title="FreeWeibo">FreeWeibo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Blocks" title="Turkey Blocks">Turkey Blocks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Cannon" title="Great Cannon">Great Cannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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